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Asadollahpour Nanaei H, Ansari Mahyari S, Edriss MA. Effect of LEPR, ABCG2 and SCD1 Gene Polymorphisms on Reproductive Traits in the Iranian Holstein Cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:769-74. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Asadollahpour Nanaei
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - S Ansari Mahyari
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - M-A Edriss
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
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52
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Singh U, Deb R, Alyethodi RR, Alex R, Kumar S, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Sharma A. Molecular markers and their applications in cattle genetic research: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bgm.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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53
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Szyda J, Komisarek J, Antkowiak I. Modelling effects of candidate genes on complex traits as variables over time. Anim Genet 2014; 45:322-8. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Szyda
- Department of Animal Genetics; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Kożuchowska 7 Wrocław 51-631 Poland
- Institute of Natural Sciences; Wrocław University of Life Sciences; Norwida 25 Wrocław 50-375 Poland
| | - J. Komisarek
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Production; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71A Poznań 60-625 Poland
| | - I. Antkowiak
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Production; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71A Poznań 60-625 Poland
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Santana MHA, Utsunomiya YT, Neves HHR, Gomes RC, Garcia JF, Fukumasu H, Silva SL, Oliveira Junior GA, Alexandre PA, Leme PR, Brassaloti RA, Coutinho LL, Lopes TG, Meirelles FV, Eler JP, Ferraz JBS. Genome-wide association analysis of feed intake and residual feed intake in Nellore cattle. BMC Genet 2014; 15:21. [PMID: 24517472 PMCID: PMC3925773 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feed intake plays an important economic role in beef cattle, and is related with feed efficiency, weight gain and carcass traits. However, the phenotypes collected for dry matter intake and feed efficiency are scarce when compared with other measures such as weight gain and carcass traits. The use of genomic information can improve the power of inference of studies on these measures, identifying genomic regions that affect these phenotypes. This work performed the genome-wide association study (GWAS) for dry matter intake (DMI) and residual feed intake (RFI) of 720 Nellore cattle (Bos taurus indicus). Results In general, no genomic region extremely associated with both phenotypic traits was observed, as expected for the variables that have their regulation controlled by many genes. Three SNPs surpassed the threshold for the Bonferroni multiple test for DMI and two SNPs for RFI. These markers are located on chromosomes 4, 8, 14 and 21 in regions near genes regulating appetite and ion transport and close to important QTL as previously reported to RFI and DMI, thus corroborating the literature that points these two processes as important in the physiological regulation of intake and feed efficiency. Conclusions This study showed the first GWAS of DMI to identify genomic regions associated with feed intake and efficiency in Nellore cattle. Some genes and QTLs previously described for DMI and RFI, in other subspecies (Bos taurus taurus), that influences these phenotypes are confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel H A Santana
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos - USP, Av, Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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55
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Tetens J, Thaller G, Krattenmacher N. Genetic and genomic dissection of dry matter intake at different lactation stages in primiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:520-31. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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56
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Homer E, Derecka K, Webb R, Garnsworthy P. Mutations in genes involved in oestrous cycle associated expression of oestrus. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 142:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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57
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Bivariate genome-wide association analysis of the growth and intake components of feed efficiency. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78530. [PMID: 24205251 PMCID: PMC3812149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI), two major components of feed efficiency in cattle, were identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Uni- and multi-SNP models were used to describe feed efficiency in a training data set and the results were confirmed in a validation data set. Results from the univariate and bivariate analyses of ADG and DMI, adjusted by the feedlot beef steer maintenance requirements, were compared. The bivariate uni-SNP analysis identified (P-value <0.0001) 11 SNPs, meanwhile the univariate analyses of ADG and DMI identified 8 and 9 SNPs, respectively. Among the six SNPs confirmed in the validation data set, five SNPs were mapped to KDELC2, PHOX2A, and TMEM40. Findings from the uni-SNP models were used to develop highly accurate predictive multi-SNP models in the training data set. Despite the substantially smaller size of the validation data set, the training multi-SNP models had slightly lower predictive ability when applied to the validation data set. Six Gene Ontology molecular functions related to ion transport activity were enriched (P-value <0.001) among the genes associated with the detected SNPs. The findings from this study demonstrate the complementary value of the uni- and multi-SNP models, and univariate and bivariate GWAS analyses. The identified SNPs can be used for genome-enabled improvement of feed efficiency in feedlot beef cattle, and can aid in the design of empirical studies to further confirm the associations.
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58
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Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and milk production traits in Italian Brown cattle. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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59
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Wathes DC, Clempson AM, Pollott GE. Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:48-61. [PMID: 23244828 DOI: 10.1071/rd12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows mobilise body tissues to support milk production and, because glucose supplies are limited, lipids are used preferentially for energy production. Lipogenic activity is switched off and lipolytic mechanisms in adipose tissue increase through changes in the expression of several key enzymes. This results in a loss of body condition, together with high circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids. Changes in the synthesis, secretion and signalling pathways of somatotrophic hormones (insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1) and adipokines (e.g. leptin) are central to the regulation of these processes. A high reliance on fatty acids as an energy source in the peripartum period causes oxidative damage to mitochondria in metabolically active tissues, including the liver and reproductive tract. The expression of genes involved in insulin resistance (PDK4, AHSG) is increased, together with expression of TIEG1, a transcription factor that can induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Polymorphisms in TFAM and UCP2, two autosomal mitochondrial genes, have been associated with longevity in dairy cows. Polymorphisms in many other genes that affect lipid metabolism also show some associations with fertility traits. These include DGAT1, SCD1, DECR1, CRH, CBFA2T1, GH, LEP and NPY. Excess lipid accumulation in oocytes and the regenerating endometrium reduces fertility via reductions in embryo survival and increased inflammatory changes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Claire Wathes
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK.
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60
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Szyndler-Nędza M, Tyra M, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Mucha A, Różycki M, Koska M, Szulc K. Association between LEPR and MC4R genes polymorphisms and composition of milk from sows of dam line. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4339-47. [PMID: 23666103 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphisms of LEPR and MC4R genes are involved in appetite control mechanisms and indirectly associated with level of fat content in pig carcasses. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine if both polymorphisms have an effect on components of colostrum and milk of sows. In our study we used gilts of two Polish breeds: Polish Landrace and Polish Large White, which belong to dam-line in Polish breeding. Colostrum and milk of sows were collected in 7, 14 and 21 day of lactation to assay solids, total protein, fat and lactose. The obtained results showed, that the observed mutation (G/A 1426 MC4R) had a significant effect mainly on the fat and solids content of colostrum. Animals with the MC4R (AA) genotype had 2.13 and 1.91 % (P ≤ 0.01) lower fat content of colostrum compared to sows with the MC4R (GG) genotype and heterozygous MC4R (AG). The presence of the MC4R (A) allele in the animals' genotype contributed to a decrease in fat and solids content of colostrum. The LEPR/HpaII mutation was found to have a considerable effect on the level of most colostrum components (fat, protein and solids) in both pig breeds. Significant decrease in the value of the colostrum components (except lactose) was observed only for animals with the allele LEPR (B). The results obtained suggest that these genes might be used in selection of dam-line pigs as genetic markers of milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szyndler-Nędza
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083, Balice, Poland.
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61
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Zetouni L, de Camargo GMF, da Silva Fonseca PD, Gil FMM, Lugo NAH, Aspilcueta-Borquis RR, Cervini M, Tonhati H. Effects of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the leptin gene on the productive traits of dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5159-63. [PMID: 23661024 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The gene responsible for coding the leptin hormone has been associated with productive and reproductive traits in cattle. In dairy cattle, different polymorphisms found in the leptin gene have been associated with several traits of economic interest, such as energy balance, milk yield and composition, live weight, fertility and dry matter consumption. The aim of this study was to detect genetic variability in the leptin gene of buffaloes and to test possible associations with milk yield, fat and protein percentages, age at first calving and first calving interval. Three genotypes (AA, AG and GG) were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, which presented genotypic frequencies of 0.30, 0.54 and 0.16, respectively. The allele frequencies were 0.57 for the A allele and 0.43 for the G allele. No significant effects were found in the present study, but there is an indicative that leptin gene affects lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Zetouni
- Animal Sciences Departament, São Paulo State University, Campus Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n-CEP, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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62
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Genome-wide associations for feed utilisation complex in primiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows from experimental research herds in four European countries. Animal 2013; 6:1738-49. [PMID: 23031337 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112001152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies for difficult-to-measure traits are generally limited by the sample size with accurate phenotypic data. The objective of this study was to utilise data on primiparous Holstein–Friesian cows from experimental farms in Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Sweden to identify genomic regions associated with the feed utilisation complex: fat and protein corrected milk yield (FPCM), dry matter intake (DMI), body condition score (BCS) and live-weight (LW). Phenotypic data and 37 590 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available on up to 1629 animals. Genetic parameters of the traits were estimated using a linear animal model with pedigree information, and univariate genome-wide association analyses were undertaken using Bayesian stochastic search variable selection performed using Gibbs sampling. The variation in the phenotypes explained by the SNPs on each chromosome was related to the size of the chromosome and was relatively consistent for each trait with the possible exceptions of BTA4 for BCS, BTA7, BTA13, BTA14, BTA18 for LW and BTA27 for DMI. For LW, BCS, DMI and FPCM, 266, 178, 206 and 254 SNPs had a Bayes factor .3, respectively. Olfactory genes and genes involved in the sensory smell process were overrepresented in a 500 kbp window around the significant SNPs. Potential candidate genes were involved with functions linked to insulin, epidermal growth factor and tryptophan.
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63
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Subedi S, Feng Z, Deardon R, Schenkel FS. SNP selection for predicting a quantitative trait. J Appl Stat 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2012.750282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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64
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Crepaldi P, Nicoloso L, Coizet B, Milanesi E, Pagnacco G, Fresi P, Dimauro C, Macciotta NPP. Associations of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase, and lipoprotein lipase genes with dairy traits in Alpine goats. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:1856-64. [PMID: 23312996 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk yield and composition are of great economic importance for the dairy goat industry. The identification of genes associated with phenotypic differences for these traits could allow for the implementation of gene-assisted selection programs in goats. Associations between polymorphisms at 3 candidate genes and milk production traits in Alpine goats farmed in Italy were investigated in the present research. Considered genes were acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α (ACACA), the major regulatory enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis; stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD), involved in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in the mammary gland; and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which plays a central role in plasma triglyceride metabolism. An approach somewhat similar to the granddaughter design for detecting quantitative trait loci in dairy cattle was followed. Effects of genotypes of a sample of 59 Alpine bucks on phenotypes of their 946 daughters raised in 75 flocks were investigated. Data comprised 13,331 daily records for milk yields (L/d), fat and protein yields (kg/d), and fat and protein contents (%) of 2,200 lactations. Population genetics parameters were calculated and associations between milk production traits and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the 3 genes were tested. Two markers at the ACACA, 1 for the SCD and 1 at the LPL locus, deviated significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with an observed heterozygosity lower than expected. Flock, age of the goat, kidding season, and stage of lactation affected all traits considered, except fat percentage. Three SNP were found to be significantly associated with milk production traits. The SNP located on the ACACA gene showed an effect on milk yield, with daughters of TT bucks having an average test-day milk yield of about 0.3 to 0.25 L/d lower than the other 2 genotypes. The marker on the LPL locus was highly associated with milk yield, with the largest values for CC daughters (about 0.50L more than GG). The TGT deletion located on the untranslated region of the SCD gene showed significant effects on average milk and protein yields. The homozygote-deleted genotype had values about 0.5 L/d and 16 g/d lower for milk and protein daily yield, respectively, compared with the TGT/TGT genotype. Differences between genotypes were quite constant across most of the lactation. Associations found in the present study, which should be tested in a larger sample, especially for those markers that show rare genotypes, may offer useful indications for the genetic improvement of dairy traits in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Crepaldi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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65
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Strucken EM, Bortfeldt RH, Tetens J, Thaller G, Brockmann GA. Genetic effects and correlations between production and fertility traits and their dependency on the lactation-stage in Holstein Friesians. BMC Genet 2012; 13:108. [PMID: 23244492 PMCID: PMC3561121 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study focused on the dynamics of genome-wide effects on five milk production and eight fertility traits as well as genetic correlations between the traits. For 2,405 Holstein Friesian bulls, estimated breeding values (EBVs) were used. The production traits were additionally assessed in 10-day intervals over the first 60 lactation days, as this stage is physiologically the most crucial time in milk production. Results SNPs significantly affecting the EBVs of the production traits could be separated into three groups according to the development of the size of allele effects over time: 1) increasing effects for all traits; 2) decreasing effects for all traits; and 3) increasing effects for all traits except fat yield. Most of the significant markers were found within 22 haplotypes spanning on average 135,338 bp. The DGAT1 region showed high density of significant markers, and thus, haplotype blocks. Further functional candidate genes are proposed for haplotype blocks of significant SNPs (KLHL8, SICLEC12, AGPAT6 and NID1). Negative genetic correlations were found between yield and fertility traits, whilst content traits showed positive correlations with some fertility traits. Genetic correlations became stronger with progressing lactation. When correlations were estimated within genotype classes, correlations were on average 0.1 units weaker between production and fertility traits when the yield increasing allele was present in the genotype. Conclusions This study provides insight into the expression of genetic effects during early lactation and suggests possible biological explanations for the presented time-dependent effects. Even though only three markers were found with effects on fertility, the direction of genetic correlations within genotype classes between production and fertility traits suggests that alleles increasing the milk production do not affect fertility in a more negative way compared to the decreasing allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Strucken
- Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, Berlin, 10115, Germany
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66
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Bittante G, Penasa M, Cecchinato A. Invited review: Genetics and modeling of milk coagulation properties. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6843-70. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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67
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Effects of DGAT1 gene on meat and carcass fatness quality in Chinese commercial cattle. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1947-54. [PMID: 23143182 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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68
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Albarrán-Portillo B, Pollott GE. The relationship between fertility and lactation characteristics in Holstein cows on United Kingdom commercial dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2012; 96:635-46. [PMID: 23141835 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Higher milk production is commonly associated with poorer fertility in dairy cows. This study used a biological model of lactation to define more closely which characteristics of lactation were linked to increased calving interval, an easily recorded measure of fertility in commercial dairy herds. Large data sets from a national milk recording scheme in the United Kingdom, collected over a 10-yr period, were used to calculate the genetic and phenotypic correlations between calving interval and a range of lactation traits within the Holstein breed. A lactation curve was fitted to each lactation, and several characteristics of each lactation were calculated. These were used in a series of mixed-model bivariate analyses with calving interval to derive the genetic parameters. When heifer lactation curve trait data were used, the highest genetic correlations were found with peak yield, maximum secretion potential, and total lactation milk yield (0.59±0.06 to 0.63±0.05), reflecting the observed phenomenon of poorer fertility and higher milk production. Genetic correlations for calving interval were also calculated with the rate of increase in milk yield in early lactation (0.46±0.08), persistency (0.36±0.09), day of peak yield (0.20±0.02), and relative cell death rate (-0.12±0.09). The daily production of milk components was highly genetically correlated with calving interval, with values for fat, protein, lactose, and water being 0.73±0.15, 0.48±0.13, 0.57±0.13, and 0.50±0.13. With these results and breeding values derived from these analyses, 2 possible strategies were suggested for improving the relationship between milk yield and fertility in dairy cows. First, animals that break the correlations described above could be selected (e.g., bulls with high peak yield and low calving intervals). Second, animals with lower peak yields but better persistency could be selected to maintain total milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Albarrán-Portillo
- Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Tejupilco Km. 67.5. CP 51300, México
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69
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Smaragdov MG. Study of the association between alleles of the growth hormone receptor and prolactin receptor genes of bulls and the milk productivity of their daughters. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412070137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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70
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A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of river buffalo stearoyl CoA desaturase gene (SCD) is associated with milk yield. J DAIRY RES 2012; 79:429-35. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029912000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An association study between the milk yield trait and the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) polymorphism (g.133A > C) in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo was carried out. A full characterization of the river buffalo SCD promoter region was presented. Genotyping information was provided and a quick method for allelic discrimination was developed. The frequency of the C allele was 0·16. Test-day (TD) records (43 510) of milk production belonging to 226 lactations of 169 buffalo cows were analysed with a mixed linear model in order to estimate the effect of g.133A > C genotype, as well as the effect of parity and calving season. The SCD genotype was significantly associated with milk yield (P = 0·02). The genotype AC showed an over-dominance effect with an average daily milk yield approximately 2 kg/d higher than CC buffaloes. Such a difference represents about 28% more milk/d. The effect of the genotype was constant across lactation stages. The contribution of SCD genotype (r2SCD) to the total phenotypic variance in milk yield was equal to 0·12. This report is among the first indications of genetic association between a trait of economic importance in river buffalo. Although such results need to be confirmed with large-scale studies in the same and other buffalo populations, they might offer useful indications for the application of MAS programmes in river buffalo and in the future they might be of great economic interest for the river buffalo dairy industry.
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71
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Mach N, Blum Y, Bannink A, Causeur D, Houee-Bigot M, Lagarrigue S, Smits M. Pleiotropic effects of polymorphism of the gene diacylglycerol-O-transferase 1 (DGAT1) in the mammary gland tissue of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:4989-5000. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Fat affects meat quality, value and production efficiency as well as providing energy reserves for pregnancy and lactation in farm livestock. Leptin, the adipocyte product of the obese (ob) gene, was quickly seen as a predictor of body fat content in animals approaching slaughter and an aid to assessing reproductive readiness in females. Its participation in inflammation and immune responses that help animals survive infection and trauma has clear additional relevance to meat and milk production. Furthermore, almost a decade of discoveries of nucleotide polymorphisms in the leptin and leptin receptor genes has suggested useful applications relating to feed intake regulation, the efficiency of feed use, the composition of growth, the timing of puberty, mammogenesis and mammary gland function and fertility in cattle, pigs and poultry. The current review attempts to summarise where research has taken us in each of these aspects and speculates on where future research might lead.
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73
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Mao Y, Chen R, Chang L, Chen Y, Ji D, Wu X, Shi X, Wu H, Zhang M, Yang Z, König S, Yang L. Effects of SCD1- and DGAT1-genes on production traits of Chinese Holstein cows located in the Delta Region of Yangtze River. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dekleva M, Dechow C, Daubert J, Liu W, Varga G, Bauck S, Woodward B. Short communication: Interactions of milk, fat, and protein yield genotypes with herd feeding characteristics. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1559-64. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schwarzenbacher H, Dolezal M, Flisikowski K, Seefried F, Wurmser C, Schlötterer C, Fries R. Combining evidence of selection with association analysis increases power to detect regions influencing complex traits in dairy cattle. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:48. [PMID: 22289501 PMCID: PMC3305582 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hitchhiking mapping and association studies are two popular approaches to map genotypes to phenotypes. In this study we combine both approaches to complement their specific strengths and weaknesses, resulting in a method with higher statistical power and fewer false positive signals. We applied our approach to dairy cattle as they underwent extremely successful selection for milk production traits and since an excellent phenotypic record is available. We performed whole genome association tests with a new mixed model approach to account for stratification, which we validated via Monte Carlo simulations. Selection signatures were inferred with the integrated haplotype score and a locus specific permutation based integrated haplotype score that works with a folded frequency spectrum and provides a formal test of signifance to identify selection signatures. Results About 1,600 out of 34,851 SNPs showed signatures of selection and the locus specific permutation based integrated haplotype score showed overall good accordance with the whole genome association study. Each approach provides distinct information about the genomic regions that influence complex traits. Combining whole genome association with hitchhiking mapping yielded two significant loci for the trait protein yield. These regions agree well with previous results from other selection signature scans and whole genome association studies in cattle. Conclusion We show that the combination of whole genome association and selection signature mapping based on the same SNPs increases the power to detect loci influencing complex traits. The locus specific permutation based integrated haplotype score provides a formal test of significance in selection signature mapping. Importantly it does not rely on knowledge of ancestral and derived allele states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Schwarzenbacher
- Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht, Technische Universität München, Hochfeldweg 1, 85376 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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76
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An association analysis between OXT genotype and milk yield and flow in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo. J DAIRY RES 2012; 79:150-6. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029911000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate possible associations between three SNPs at the oxytocin locus (AM234538: g.28C>T; g.204A>G and g.1627G>T) and two productive traits, milk yield and milkability, in Italian Mediterranean river buffaloes. Effects of parity, calving season and month of production were also evaluated. A total of 41 980 test-day records belonging to 219 lactations of 163 buffalo cows were investigated. The allele call rate was 98·8% and the major allele frequency for all the investigated loci was 0·76. The OXT genotype was significantly associated with milk yield (P=0·029). The TT genotype showed an average daily milk yield approximately 1·7 kg higher than GT buffaloes. Such a difference represents about 23% more milk/d. A large dominance effect (−1·17±0·43 kg) was estimated, whereas the contribution of OXT genotype (r2OXT) to the total phenotypic variance in milk yield was equal to 0·06. The TT genotype showed higher values also for the milk flow, even though the estimated difference did not reach a level of statistical significance (P=0·07). Such an association, among the first reported for the oxytocin locus in ruminants, should be tested on a population scale and possible effects on milk composition traits should be evaluated in order to supply useful indications for the application of marker-assisted selection programmes in river buffaloes.
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77
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Baeza MC, Corva PM, Soria LA, Rincon G, Medrano JF, Pavan E, Villarreal EL, Schor A, Melucci L, Mezzadra C, Miquel MC. Genetic markers of body composition and carcass quality in grazing Brangus steers. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:3146-56. [PMID: 22194170 DOI: 10.4238/2011.december.19.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The somatotropic axis is a major regulatory pathway of energy metabolism during postnatal growth in mammals. Genes involved in this pathway influence many economically important traits. The association of selected SNPs in these genes with carcass traits was examined in grazing Brangus steers. These traits included final live weight, ultrasound backfat thickness (UBFT), rib-eye area, kidney fat weight, hot carcass weight, and intramuscular fat percentage (%IMF). Genomic DNA (N = 246) was genotyped for a panel of 15 tag SNPs located in the growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6, pro-melanin-concentrating hormone, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) genes. Allelic and haplotype frequencies were compared with those of a sample of European breeds (N = 177 steers). Two tag SNPs in the GHR affected %IMF; one of them (ss86273136) was also strongly associated with UBFT (P < 0.003). The frequency of the most favorable GHR haplotype for %IMF was lower in Brangus steers. Moreover, the haplotype carrying two unfavorable alleles was present at a frequency of 31% in this group. Four tag SNPs on STAT6 had a significant effect on UBFT. One of these, SNP ss115492467, was also associated with %IMF. The STAT6 haplotype, including all the alleles favoring UBFT, was the most abundant variant (34%) in the European cattle, while it had a frequency of 14% in the Brangus steers. The four less favorable variants (absent in the European cattle) were found at a frequency of 38% in the Brangus steers. These results support the association of GHR and STAT6 SNP with carcass traits in composite breeds, such as Brangus, under grazing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Baeza
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
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78
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Pighetti GM, Elliott AA. Gene polymorphisms: the keys for marker assisted selection and unraveling core regulatory pathways for mastitis resistance. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:421-32. [PMID: 21997401 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most frequent mammary diseases impacting lactating animals is mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland most commonly caused by bacterial infection. The severity of mastitis is greatly influenced by the invading organism and the subsequent immune response which must recognize the foreign organism, recruit immune cells, eliminate the invading pathogen, and resolve the inflammatory response. The speed, strength, and duration of this response and subsequent disease susceptibility are critically tied to the genetic background of an animal. However, the genetic contribution has been difficult to identify due to the complex interactions that must occur for effective disease resistance. Recent studies have utilized polymorphisms to better define the genes and chromosomal regions that contribute to mastitis resistance. This review will examine these studies with primary emphasis in bovine systems, as the most work regarding mastitis has been conducted in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Pighetti
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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79
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Niemann H, Kuhla B, Flachowsky G. Perspectives for feed-efficient animal production1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:4344-63. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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80
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Effect of polymorphisms in the leptin, leptin receptor and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes and genetic polymorphism of milk proteins on bovine milk composition. J DAIRY RES 2011; 79:110-8. [PMID: 22127264 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029911000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The relations between cow genetics and milk composition have gained a lot of attention during the past years, however, generally only a few compositional traits have been examined. The aim of this study was to determine if polymorphisms in the leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR) and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes as well as genetic polymorphism of β-casein (β-CN), κ-CN and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) impact several bovine milk composition traits. Individual milk samples from the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds were analyzed for components in the protein, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral profiles. Cow alleles were determined on the following SNP: A1457G, A252T, A59V and C963T on the LEP gene, T945M on the LEPR gene and Nt984+8(A-G) on the DGAT1 gene. Additionally, genetic variants of β-CN, κ-CN and β-LG were determined. For both the breeds, the same tendency of minor allele frequency was found for all SNPs and protein genes, except on LEPA1457G and LEPC963T. This study indicated significant (P<0·05) associations between the studied SNPs and several compositional parameters. Protein content was influenced by LEPA1457G (G>A) and LEPC963T (T>C), whereas total Ca, ionic Ca concentration and milk pH were affected by LEPA1457G, LEPA59V, LEPC963T and LEPRT945M. However, yields of milk, protein, CN, lactose, total Ca and P were mainly affected by β-CN (A2>A1) and κ-CN (A>B>E). β-LG was mainly associated with whey protein yield and ionic Ca concentration (A>B). Thus, this study shows possibilities of using these polymorphisms as markers within genetic selection programs to improve and adjust several compositional parameters.
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81
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Effects of Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1) gene on milk production traits in crossbred Holstein dairy cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:751-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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82
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Shi DS, Wang J, Yang Y, Lu FH, Li XP, Liu QY. DGAT1, GH, GHR, PRL and PRLR Polymorphism in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:328-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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83
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Clempson A, Pollott G, Brickell J, Bourne N, Munce N, Wathes D. Evidence that leptin genotype is associated with fertility, growth, and milk production in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3618-28. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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84
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Glantz M, Lindmark Månsson H, Stålhammar H, Paulsson M. Effect of polymorphisms in the leptin, leptin receptor, and acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes and genetic polymorphism of milk proteins on cheese characteristics. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3295-304. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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85
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Waters SM, Berry DP, Mullen MP. Polymorphisms in genes of the somatotrophic axis are independently associated with milk production, udder health, survival and animal size in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2011; 129:70-8. [PMID: 22225586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2011.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The somatotrophic axis consisting of pituitary-derived growth hormone and circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 has been well established as key regulators of animal health, metabolism, lactation, fertility, body composition and growth rate. The aim of this study was to simultaneously quantify the associations between SNPs in candidate genes of the somatotrophic axis (i.e., IGF-1, GH1 and GHR) with performance traits in Holstein-Friesian (HF) dairy cattle. Both novel SNPs identified previously by this group alongside other published SNPs within these genes were analysed for associations with performance in dairy cattle. Multiple regression analyses regressing genetic merit of up to 848 HF sires on novel SNPs (n = 76) and published SNPs (n = 33) were undertaken using weighted animal mixed linear models. Twenty-three SNPs were significantly associated with at least one of 18 traits analysed and involved in milk production, udder health, fertility and growth. Eight traits including milk fat composition, carcass conformation, stature, chest width, body depth, rump width, carcass and cull cow weight were independently associated with SNPs in two genes. Furthermore, for several traits including milk fat yield, somatic cell count, survival and carcass fat, SNPs in all three genes were independently associated with performance. Milk fat yield and carcass fat showed the highest number of independent associations across all three genes with five SNPs associated with both traits. The cumulative effects of the favourable alleles of all five SNPs across GH1, GHR and IGF-1 result in an increase of 5.9 kg and 28.6 units of milk fat and carcass fat, respectively. Cow survival was associated with a single SNP in each of the three genes with a cumulative allele effect of 1.5%. Independent effects of polymorphisms in GH1, GHR and IGF-1 reinforce the central role of the somatotrophic axis on animal development and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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86
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Wu XX, Yang ZP, Shi XK, Li JY, Ji DJ, Mao YJ, Chang LL, Gao HJ. Association of SCD1 and DGAT1 SNPs with the intramuscular fat traits in Chinese Simmental cattle and their distribution in eight Chinese cattle breeds. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1065-71. [PMID: 21607624 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a key parameter for evaluation of nutritional quality of beef, with its endogenous synthesis regulated by stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD1) and diacylglycerol-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1) genes in cattle. The object of this research was to evaluate the effect of SCD1 and DGAT1 polymorphisms on IMF trait in beef cattle and to estimate the frequency distribution of SNPs in the two genes in Chinese cattle populations. The SCD1 and DGAT1 polymorphisms were detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method in Chinese Simmental cattle and their associations with IMF traits were analyzed using the general linear model (GLM). The frequency distribution of SNPs in SCD1 and DGAT1 genes were detected by PCR-SSCP method and analyzed in seven other cattle populations. The results showed significant associations of SNPs SCD1-878, SCD1-762, and DGAT1 10433 and 10434 with IMF (%) and shearing force values (SFV; kg) in Chinese Simmental cattle. A haplotype combining SCD1-878C, SCD1-762T, and DGAT1 10433 and 10434-GC had the highest IMF, marbling score and shearing force. The polymorphic investigation indicated that the frequency of SCD1-878C or SCD1-762T was significantly higher in Chinese southern cattle (Leiqiong, Yunnan High pump, BMY or Minnan Cattle) than in Chinese northern cattle (Chinese Simmental, Luxi Cattle, Bohai Black or Chinese Holstein), while the frequency of DGAT1 10433 and 10434-GC in Chinese indigenous breed (Leiqiong, Yunnan High pump, BMY, Luxi Cattle, Bohai Black, or Minnan Cattle) was significantly lower than breeds with imported blood (Chinese Simmental or Chinese Holstein). These findings demonstrated that both the SCD1 and DGAT1 SNPs were prospect genetic markers for IMF traits, and the SCD1 SNPs could be used as a genetic marker for southern or northern blood in Chinese cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Wu
- Key Lab of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design of Jangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
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87
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Szyda J, Morek-Kopeć M, Komisarek J, Zarnecki A. Evaluating markers in selected genes for association with functional longevity of dairy cattle. BMC Genet 2011; 12:30. [PMID: 21392379 PMCID: PMC3061949 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-12-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Longevity expressed as the number of days between birth and death is a trait of great importance for both human and animal populations. In our analysis we use dairy cattle to demonstrate how the association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) located within selected genes with longevity can be modeled. Such an approach can be extended to any genotyped population with time to endpoint information available. Our study is focused on selected genes in order to answer the question whether genes, known to be involved into the physiological determination of milk production, also influence individual's survival. Results Generally, the highest risk differences among animals with different genotypes are observed for polymorphisms located within the leptin gene. The polymorphism with a highest effect on functional longevity is LEP-R25C, for which the relative risk of culling for cows with genotype CC is 3.14 times higher than for the heterozygous animals. Apart from LEP-R25C, also FF homozygotes at the LEP-Y7F substitution attribute 3.64 times higher risk of culling than the YY homozygotes and VV homozygotes at LEP-A80V have 1.83 times higher risk of culling than AA homozygotes. Differences in risks between genotypes of polymorphisms within the other genes (the butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1 gene, BTN1A1; the acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene, DGAT1; the leptin receptor gene, LEPR; the ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2, ABCG2) are much smaller. Conclusions Our results indicate association between LEP and longevity and are very well supported by results of other studies related to dairy cattle. In view of the growing importance of functional traits in dairy cattle, LEP polymorphisms should be considered as markers supporting selection decisions. Furthermore, since the relationship between both LEP polymorphism and its protein product with longevity in humans is well documented, with our result we were able to demonstrate that livestock with its detailed records of family structure, genetic, and environmental factors as well as extensive trait recording can be a good model organism for research aspects related to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szyda
- Department of Animal Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 7, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland.
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88
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Mullen MP, Berry DP, Howard DJ, Diskin MG, Lynch CO, Berkowicz EW, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Waters SM. Associations between novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2011; 93:5959-69. [PMID: 21094770 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone, produced in the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factor-I from the liver and is of critical importance in the control of nutrient utilization and partitioning for lactogenesis, fertility, growth, and development in cattle. The aim of this study was to discover novel polymorphisms in the bovine growth hormone gene (GH1) and to quantify their association with performance using estimates of genetic merit on 848 Holstein-Friesian AI (artificial insemination) dairy sires. Associations with previously reported polymorphisms in the bovine GH1 gene were also undertaken. A total of 38 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified across a panel of 22 beef and dairy cattle by sequence analysis of the 5' promoter, intronic, exonic, and 3' regulatory regions, encompassing approximately 7 kb of the GH1 gene. Following multiple regression analysis on all SNP, associations were identified between 11 SNP (2 novel and 9 previously identified) and milk fat and protein yield, milk composition, somatic cell score, survival, body condition score, and body size. The G allele of a previously identified SNP in exon 5 at position 2141 of the GH1 sequence, resulting in a nonsynonymous substitution, was associated with decreased milk protein yield. The C allele of a novel SNP, GH32, was associated with inferior carcass conformation. In addition, the T allele of a previously characterized SNP, GH35, was associated with decreased survival. Both GH24 (novel) and GH35 were independently associated with somatic cell count, and 3 SNP, GH21, 2291, and GH35, were independently associated with body depth. Furthermore, 2 SNP, GH24 and GH63, were independently associated with carcass fat. Results of this study further demonstrate the multifaceted influences of GH1 on milk production, fertility, and growth-related traits in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Mullen
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co Galway, Ireland.
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89
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Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurusgrowth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Anim Genet 2011; 42:39-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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90
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Smaragdov MG. Association of the DGAT1 gene polymorphism in bulls with cow milk performance. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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91
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Shirasuna K, Kawashima C, Murayama C, Aoki Y, Masuda Y, Kida K, Matsui M, Shimizu T, Miyamoto A. Relationships between the first ovulation postpartum and polymorphism in genes relating to function of immunity, metabolism and reproduction in high-producing dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2010; 57:135-42. [PMID: 21071888 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-100t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The decrease in fertility and conception rates of high-producing dairy cows is one of the major negative impacts for today's producers. The recovery of ovarian activity postpartum is affected by the status of immunity, metabolism and reproduction and plays a critical role in subsequent fertility after parturition in the cow. In the present study we investigated the relationships between polymorphisms in genes relating to the above functions and the first postpartum ovulation as a marker of the recovery of ovarian function in the cow. In immune function related-factors, the occurrence of first postpartum ovulation within 3 weeks in the C/C genotypes of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) exon (55.4%) and the A/G genotypes of TNFα promoter (55.4%) was significantly higher than that in T/T genotypes of TNFα exon (14.3%) and A/A genotypes of TNFα promoter (14.3%). Moreover, anovulatory cows with the T/T genotype of TNFα exon and the A/A genotype of TNFα promoter tended to have a prolonged days open compared with those of the other genotypes of TNFα polymorphisms. In metabolic function-related factors, ovulatory and anovulatory cows had a different distribution for alleles of the growth hormone receptor, but there were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequency of insulin-like growth factor-I polymorphism. No significant relationships were found between ovarian function after parturition and polymorphisms for reproduction-related genes. In conclusion, polymorphisms of TNFα gene both in exon and promoter regions have a strong association with the early first ovulation within 3 weeks after parturition in the high-producing dairy cow. Taken together, polymorphisms of TNFα gene could be strongly related to early first ovulation after parturition, thus being an effective tool of selection for improving reproductive performance in the high-producing dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koumei Shirasuna
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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92
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Giblin L, Butler ST, Kearney BM, Waters SM, Callanan MJ, Berry DP. Association of bovine leptin polymorphisms with energy output and energy storage traits in progeny tested Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle sires. BMC Genet 2010; 11:73. [PMID: 20670403 PMCID: PMC2920856 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin modulates appetite, energy expenditure and the reproductive axis by signalling via its receptor the status of body energy stores to the brain. The present study aimed to quantify the associations between 10 novel and known single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding for leptin and leptin receptor with performance traits in 848 Holstein-Friesian sires, estimated from performance of up to 43,117 daughter-parity records per sire. Results All single nucleotide polymorphisms were segregating in this sample population and none deviated (P > 0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Complete linkage disequilibrium existed between the novel polymorphism LEP-1609, and the previously identified polymorphisms LEP-1457 and LEP-580. LEP-2470 associated (P < 0.05) with milk protein concentration and calf perinatal mortality. It had a tendency to associate with milk yield (P < 0.1). The G allele of LEP-1238 was associated (P < 0.05) with reduced milk fat concentration, reduced milk protein concentration, longer gestation length and tended to associate (P < 0.1) with an increase in calving difficulty, calf perinatal mortality and somatic cells in the milk. LEP-963 exhibited an association (P < 0.05) with milk fat concentration, milk protein concentration, calving difficulty and gestation length. It also tended to associate with milk yield (P < 0.1). The R25C SNP associated (P < 0.05) with milk fat concentration, milk protein concentration, calving difficulty and length of gestation. The T allele of the Y7F SNP significantly associated with reduced angularity (P < 0.01) and reduced milk protein yield (P < 0.05). There was also a tendency (P < 0.1) for Y7F to associate with increased body condition score, reduced milk yield and shorter gestation (P < 0.1). A80V associated with reduced survival in the herd (P < 0.05). Conclusions Several leptin polymorphisms (LEP-2470, LEP-1238, LEP-963, Y7F and R25C) associated with the energetically expensive process of lactogenesis. Only SNP Y7F associated with energy storage. Associations were also observed between leptin polymorphisms and calving difficulty, gestation length and calf perinatal mortality. The lack of an association between the leptin variants investigated with calving interval in this large data set would question the potential importance of these leptin variants, or indeed leptin, in selection for improved fertility in the Holstein-Friesian dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Giblin
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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93
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Pannier L, Mullen AM, Hamill RM, Stapleton PC, Sweeney T. Association analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in DGAT1, TG and FABP4 genes and intramuscular fat in crossbred Bos taurus cattle. Meat Sci 2010; 85:515-8. [PMID: 20416823 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase1 (DGAT1), thyroglobulin (TG) and adipose fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) genes are associated with intramuscular fat (IMF) levels or marbling scores in beef. The objectives were to estimate the frequency of SNPs in these candidate genes in purebred Irish cattle (n=459) and to determine if individual SNPs are associated with IMF values of longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and semimembranosus (SM) muscle of crossbred animals (n=138). Results indicated no significant association between the SNPs and IMF, despite the power of this study being sufficient to detect an association with SNPs in the DGAT1 and FABP4 genes. The results confirm the lack of an association found by many other studies and suggest that these SNPs are not influential on the divergent IMF levels in the crossbred population tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pannier
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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94
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Conte G, Mele M, Chessa S, Castiglioni B, Serra A, Pagnacco G, Secchiari P. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 gene polymorphisms and milk fatty acid composition in Italian Brown cattle. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:753-63. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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95
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Brickell J, Pollott G, Clempson A, Otter N, Wathes D. Polymorphisms in the bovine leptin gene associated with perinatal mortality in Holstein-Friesian heifers. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:340-7. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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96
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Ogorevc J, Kunej T, Razpet A, Dovc P. Database of cattle candidate genes and genetic markers for milk production and mastitis. Anim Genet 2009; 40:832-51. [PMID: 19508288 PMCID: PMC2779988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A cattle database of candidate genes and genetic markers for milk production and mastitis has been developed to provide an integrated research tool incorporating different types of information supporting a genomic approach to study lactation, udder development and health. The database contains 943 genes and genetic markers involved in mammary gland development and function, representing candidates for further functional studies. The candidate loci were drawn on a genetic map to reveal positional overlaps. For identification of candidate loci, data from seven different research approaches were exploited: (i) gene knockouts or transgenes in mice that result in specific phenotypes associated with mammary gland (143 loci); (ii) cattle QTL for milk production (344) and mastitis related traits (71); (iii) loci with sequence variations that show specific allele-phenotype interactions associated with milk production (24) or mastitis (10) in cattle; (iv) genes with expression profiles associated with milk production (207) or mastitis (107) in cattle or mouse; (v) cattle milk protein genes that exist in different genetic variants (9); (vi) miRNAs expressed in bovine mammary gland (32) and (vii) epigenetically regulated cattle genes associated with mammary gland function (1). Fourty-four genes found by multiple independent analyses were suggested as the most promising candidates and were further in silico analysed for expression levels in lactating mammary gland, genetic variability and top biological functions in functional networks. A miRNA target search for mammary gland expressed miRNAs identified 359 putative binding sites in 3'UTRs of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ogorevc
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia
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97
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Pannier L, Sweeney T, Hamill RM, Ipek F, Stapleton PC, Mullen AM. Lack of an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine leptin gene and intramuscular fat in Bos taurus cattle. Meat Sci 2008; 81:731-7. [PMID: 20416562 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptin contributes to the regulation of adiposity and metabolism, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the leptin gene have been associated with intramuscular fat (IMF) levels in beef. Our objectives were to estimate the frequency of four SNPs in the leptin gene in nine purebred cattle (n=430), to test for linkage disequilibrium and infer haplotypes, and to determine if individual genotypes or estimated haplotypes were associated with IMF values in crossbred cattle (n=244). The four SNP loci were found to be in linkage disequilibrium and thus, the frequencies of each of the 16 possible haplotypes were inferred by maximum likelihood. No significant association between any individual SNP and haplotype was found with the divergent IMF values. Our results suggest that these SNPs are not influential on the divergent IMF levels in the crossbred population tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pannier
- Department of Meat Technology, Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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98
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A critical analysis of production-associated DNA polymorphisms in the genes of cattle, goat, sheep, and pig. Mamm Genome 2008; 19:591-617. [PMID: 18836775 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing productivity is one of the main objectives in animal production. Traditional breeding methods have led to increased gains in some traits but gains are not easily attainable in traits with low heritabilities. Exploiting the genetic variations underlying desired phenotypes is the goal of today's animal producers. Such positive genetic variants must, however, be known before possible application. Consequently, candidate genes of traits of interest have been searched for possible relationships with such traits or to explain reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) for such traits. DNA variants or polymorphisms have been identified in many such genes and their relationships with production traits determined. However, only a few genes have been evaluated, given the wealth of information on reported QTL for production traits, and in most cases genes are only partially investigated. This review presents available information on DNA variants for production traits and discusses steps that are required for effective utilization of this information for successful marker-assisted selection programs.
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