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Mattei TA, Rehman AA. Technological developments and future perspectives on graphene-based metamaterials: a primer for neurosurgeons. Neurosurgery 2014; 74:499-516; discussion 516. [PMID: 24476906 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene, a monolayer atomic-scale honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms, has been considered the greatest revolution in metamaterials research in the past 5 years. Its developers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010, and massive funding has been directed to graphene-based experimental research in the last years. For instance, an international scientific collaboration has recently received a €1 billion grant from the European Flagship Initiative, the largest amount of financial resources ever granted for a single research project in the history of modern science. Because of graphene's unique optical, thermal, mechanical, electronic, and quantum properties, the incorporation of graphene-based metamaterials to biomedical applications is expected to lead to major technological breakthroughs in the next few decades. Current frontline research in graphene technology includes the development of high-performance, lightweight, and malleable electronic devices, new optical modulators, ultracapacitors, molecular biodevices, organic photovoltaic cells, lithium-ion microbatteries, frequency multipliers, quantum dots, and integrated circuits, just to mention a few. With such advances, graphene technology is expected to significantly impact several areas of neurosurgery, including neuro-oncology, neurointensive care, neuroregeneration research, peripheral nerve surgery, functional neurosurgery, and spine surgery. In this topic review, the authors provide a basic introduction to the main electrophysical properties of graphene. Additionally, future perspectives of ongoing frontline investigations on this new metamaterial are discussed, with special emphasis on those research fields that are expected to most substantially impact experimental and clinical neurosurgery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Mattei
- *Invision Health Brain and Spine Center, Williamsville, New York; ‡University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois
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Monaco AM, Giugliano M. Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1849-63. [PMID: 25383297 PMCID: PMC4222354 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The search for advanced biomimetic materials that are capable of offering a scaffold for biological tissues during regeneration or of electrically connecting artificial devices with cellular structures to restore damaged brain functions is at the forefront of interdisciplinary research in materials science. Bioactive nanoparticles for drug delivery, substrates for nerve regeneration and active guidance, as well as supramolecular architectures mimicking the extracellular environment to reduce inflammatory responses in brain implants, are within reach thanks to the advancements in nanotechnology. In particular, carbon-based nanostructured materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanodiamonds (NDs), have demonstrated to be highly promising materials for designing and fabricating nanoelectrodes and substrates for cell growth, by virtue of their peerless optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this review we discuss the state-of-the-art in the applications of nanomaterials in biological and biomedical fields, with a particular emphasis on neuroengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina M Monaco
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, S1 4DP Sheffield, UK
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Kuzum D, Takano H, Shim E, Reed JC, Juul H, Richardson AG, de Vries J, Bink H, Dichter MA, Lucas TH, Coulter DA, Cubukcu E, Litt B. Transparent and flexible low noise graphene electrodes for simultaneous electrophysiology and neuroimaging. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5259. [PMID: 25327632 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium imaging is a versatile experimental approach capable of resolving single neurons with single-cell spatial resolution in the brain. Electrophysiological recordings provide high temporal, but limited spatial resolution, because of the geometrical inaccessibility of the brain. An approach that integrates the advantages of both techniques could provide new insights into functions of neural circuits. Here, we report a transparent, flexible neural electrode technology based on graphene, which enables simultaneous optical imaging and electrophysiological recording. We demonstrate that hippocampal slices can be imaged through transparent graphene electrodes by both confocal and two-photon microscopy without causing any light-induced artefacts in the electrical recordings. Graphene electrodes record high-frequency bursting activity and slow synaptic potentials that are hard to resolve by multicellular calcium imaging. This transparent electrode technology may pave the way for high spatio-temporal resolution electro-optic mapping of the dynamic neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kuzum
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hajime Takano
- 1] Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [3] Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [4] Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Euijae Shim
- 1] Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jason C Reed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Halvor Juul
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrew G Richardson
- 1] Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Julius de Vries
- 1] Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hank Bink
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Marc A Dichter
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Timothy H Lucas
- 1] Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Douglas A Coulter
- 1] Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [3] Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [4] Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ertugrul Cubukcu
- 1] Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [3] Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Brian Litt
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [3] Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Kim T, Kahng YH, Lee T, Lee K, Kim DH. Graphene films show stable cell attachment and biocompatibility with electrogenic primary cardiac cells. Mol Cells 2013; 36:577-82. [PMID: 24292978 PMCID: PMC3887961 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene has attracted substantial attention due to its advantageous materialistic applicability. In the present study, we tested the biocompatibility of graphene films synthesized by chemical vapor deposition with electrogenic primary adult cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes) by measuring the cell properties such as cell attachment, survival, contractility and calcium transients. The results show that the graphene films showed stable cell attachment and excellent biocompatibility with the electrogenic cardiomyocytes, suggesting their useful applications for future cell biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center
| | - Yung Ho Kahng
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712,
Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712,
Korea
| | - Do Han Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center
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