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Toledo Romani ME, Vanlerberghe V, Perez D, Lefevre P, Ceballos E, Bandera D, Baly Gil A, Van der Stuyft P. Achieving sustainability of community-based dengue control in Santiago de Cuba. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64:976-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Toledo ME, Vanlerberghe V, Baly A, Ceballos E, Valdes L, Searret M, Boelaert M, van der Stuyft P. Towards active community participation in dengue vector control: results from action research in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101:56-63. [PMID: 16824565 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Community participation is advocated as essential for attaining effective dengue prevention, but knowledge of how to foster this is limited. In Santiago de Cuba, multiple small task forces were created at the neighbourhood level that included all stakeholders in the control of Aedes aegypti. The task forces assessed the perceived needs and elaborated action plans to promote specific behavioural change and to reduce environmental risks through social communication strategies and intersectoral local government activities. We monitored five dimensions of the participation process and assessed behavioural and environmental results and entomological outcomes. Participation was weak to good. At the household level, uncovered water storage containers decreased from 49.3% to 2.6% between 2000 and 2002, and removing larvicide from them dropped from 45.5% to 1%. There was a reduction of 75% in the absolute number of positive containers and a significant decrease from 1.23% to 0.35% in the house index. Local task forces, in which the interests of householders as well as vector control workers are directly represented, can lead to effective government-community partnerships that resolve problems of mutual concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Toledo
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodia Km 6 1/2 La Lisa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
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53
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de la C Sierra B, Kourí G, Guzmán MG. Race: a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever. Arch Virol 2006; 152:533-42. [PMID: 17106622 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cuban DHF/DSS outbreaks have provided evidence of a reduced risk of people of Negroid race for DHF/DSS compared to those of Caucasoid race. These observations from Cuban dengue outbreaks have significant epidemiological interest, as the differences in susceptibility to DHF/DSS among racial groups in Cuba coincide with that reported in African and Black Caribbean populations. In this article, we review the literature on race as a risk factor for DHF/DSS and discuss recent results from ongoing studies. Taking into consideration the origins of contemporary Cuban inhabitants, we propose that the Cuban, Caribbean Black and African populations share a common gene pool that could explain, at least partially, the low incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Cuba and Caribbean and African countries. The central role played by immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS has led us to consider that the polymorphic genes associated with the immune response must be carefully considered among those human genes regulating dengue disease severity that might be distributed unequally in Blacks and Whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de la C Sierra
- Department of Virology, Institute for Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Habana, Cuba
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54
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Sanchez L, Vanlerberghe V, Alfonso L, Marquetti MDC, Guzman MG, Bisset J, van der Stuyft P. Aedes aegypti larval indices and risk for dengue epidemics. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:800-6. [PMID: 16704841 PMCID: PMC3374431 DOI: 10.3201/eid1205.050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomologic indices can identify areas at high risk for disease transmission. We assessed in a case-control study the test-validity of Aedes larval indices for the 2000 Havana outbreak. "Cases" were blocks where a dengue fever patient lived during the outbreak. "Controls" were randomly sampled blocks. Before, during, and after the epidemic, we calculated Breteau index (BI) and house index at the area, neighborhood, and block level. We constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine their performance as predictors of dengue transmission. We observed a pronounced effect of the level of measurement. The BImax (maximum block BI in a radius of 100 m) at 2-month intervals had an area under the ROC curve of 71%. At a cutoff of 4.0, it significantly (odds ratio 6.00, p<0.05) predicted transmission with 78% sensitivity and 63% specificity. Analysis of BI at the local level, with human-defined boundaries, could be introduced in control programs to identify neighborhoods at high risk for dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizet Sanchez
- Department of Informatics and Biostatistics, Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute, Autopista Novia del Mediodia, Km 6, La Lisa AP 601, Marianao 13, Havana City, Havana AP 601, Cuba.
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55
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García G, Arango M, Pérez AB, Fonte L, Sierra B, Rodríguez-Roche R, Aguirre E, Fiterre I, Guzmán MG. Antibodies from patients with dengue viral infection mediate cellular cytotoxicity. J Clin Virol 2006; 37:53-7. [PMID: 16787760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute and late convalescent sera (collected at day 5 of disease onset and 1 year later) from dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) laboratory confirmed cases, were tested for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity using dengue 1 (DENV-1) or dengue 2 (DENV-2) infected cells as target. All patients experienced their first dengue virus (DENV) infection 20 years before. ADCC activity was detected in acute sera from DHF/DSS but not in sera from DF patients. However, 1 year after illness, ADCC activity was observed in all cases. This preliminary report represents one of the few studies of ADCC in dengue patients and suggests that ADCC could be implicated in dengue pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G García
- Department of Virology, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, Km 6. P.O. Box Marianao 13, Havana, Cuba
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56
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Pinheiro VCS, Tadei WP, Barros PMSS, Vasconcelos PFC, Cruz ACR. Detection of dengue virus serotype 3 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) captured in Manaus, Amazonas. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100:833-9. [PMID: 16444413 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of dengue virus serotypes from Aedes aegypti in Manaus, state of Amazonas was carried out using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. Fourteen pools out 82 (17.1%) were positive for DENV3, providing a minimal infection rate of 2.1% of all analyzed infected female specimens of three different areas of the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria C S Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Rodriguez-Roche R, Alvarez M, Gritsun T, Halstead S, Kouri G, Gould EA, Guzman MG. Virus evolution during a severe dengue epidemic in Cuba, 1997. Virology 2005; 334:154-9. [PMID: 15780865 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Full-length genomic sequences from six DENV-2 isolates sampled at different times during a dengue outbreak that occurred in Cuba in 1997 were determined. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these isolates fall into the "American/Asian" genotype. Genome analysis revealed strong conservation of the structural proteins and the non-coding regions (5' NCR and 3' NCR). Nucleotide substitutions were observed in non-structural genes and most notably in the NS5 gene. There was a clear pattern of virus evolution during the epidemic; the earliest isolates sampled differed from those sampled later by amino acid replacements in the NS1 and NS5 proteins, although there was no evidence that these represented escape mutants. Further studies are therefore required to define the functional role of amino acid replacements observed and their possible relation to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmari Rodriguez-Roche
- Department of Virology, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for Viral Diseases, Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, Km 6, PO Box 601, Marianao 13, Havana, Cuba
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58
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Peláez O, Guzmán MG, Kourí G, Pérez R, San Martín JL, Vázquez S, Rosario D, Mora R, Quintana I, Bisset J, Cancio R, Masa AM, Castro O, González D, Avila LC, Rodríguez R, Alvarez M, Pelegrino JL, Bernardo L, Prado I. Dengue 3 epidemic, Havana, 2001. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:719-22. [PMID: 15200868 PMCID: PMC3323093 DOI: 10.3201/eid1004.030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In June 2001, dengue transmission was detected in Havana, Cuba; 12,889 cases were reported. Dengue 3, the etiologic agent of the epidemic, caused the dengue hemorrhagic fever only in adults, with 78 cases and 3 deaths. After intensive vector control efforts, no new cases have been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Peláez
- Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología de Ciudad Habana, Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Raúl Pérez
- Viceministerio para la Higiene y la Epidemiología, Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Regla Mora
- Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología de Ciudad Habana, Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Ana M Masa
- Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología de Ciudad Habana, Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Luis C. Avila
- Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología de Ciudad Habana, Habana, Cuba
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59
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Pérez AB, García G, Sierra B, Alvarez M, Vázquez S, Cabrera MV, Rodríguez R, Rosario D, Martínez E, Denny T, Guzmán MG. IL-10 levels in Dengue patients: Some findings from the exceptional epidemiological conditions in Cuba. J Med Virol 2004; 73:230-4. [PMID: 15122797 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis associated with Dengue haemorrhagic fever, has yet to be fully elucidated, with no definitive in vivo evidence. The exceptional epidemiological circumstances in Cuba allow the evaluation of different mediators in a well-defined situation. In the present study, we describe the determination of levels of IL-12, IL-10 and RANTES in the sera of Cuban patients hospitalised with Dengue fever or Dengue haemorrhagic fever. The results showed that levels of serum IL-10 were higher in patients than controls, and those patients with secondary infections had consistently higher levels. All the Dengue haemorrhagic fever patients had increased levels of IL-10. In contrast, levels of IL-12 did not differ between patients and controls. Finally, RANTES serum levels detected in patients were lower than those observed in the controls. The association of increased levels of IL-10 in Dengue patients with a sequential infection suggests a possible role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of Dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Pérez
- Virology Department, Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba.
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60
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Vázquez S, Lemos G, Pupo M, Ganzón O, Palenzuela D, Indart A, Guzmán MG. Diagnosis of dengue virus infection by the visual and simple AuBioDOT immunoglobulin M capture system. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 10:1074-7. [PMID: 14607869 PMCID: PMC262456 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.10.6.1074-1077.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2002] [Revised: 12/03/2002] [Accepted: 08/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Dengue IgM Capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA) is the immunoenzymatic system recommended by the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization for the serological diagnosis of dengue virus infection due to its high sensitivity, ease of performance, and use of a single acute-phase serum sample. However, tests with this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system are time-consuming and require equipment for washing, incubation, and reading of the results. AuBioDOT is a multistep visual diagnostic immunoassay that uses technology based on the immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture ELISA principle. This system uses white polyethylene opaque plates as the solid phase, colloidal gold as the marker, and silver ion amplification. It does not require special equipment, it is totally manually operated, and it can be performed in less than 1 h. The sensitivity and specificity of AuBioDOT for the detection of anti-dengue virus IgM antibodies were studied with a panel of 336 serum samples (150 serum samples from patients with suspected or serologically confirmed dengue virus infection, 186 serum samples from healthy blood donors and patients without dengue virus infection). The results were compared with those obtained by the MAC-ELISA. A sensitivity of 97.7% and a specificity of 97.1% were obtained. The concordance of the two tests was 97.3%, with a kappa index of 0.94. The application of AuBioDOT for the detection of anti-dengue virus IgM antibodies is recommended as an alternative method for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection, both for clinical diagnosis and for seroepidemiological surveillance. The system is useful under field conditions and in laboratories and requires little equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Vázquez
- Pedro Kourí Institute, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for Viral Diseases, Havana City, Cuba.
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61
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Vázquez S, Valdés O, Pupo M, Delgado I, Alvarez M, Pelegrino JL, Guzmán MG. MAC-ELISA and ELISA inhibition methods for detection of antibodies after yellow fever vaccination. J Virol Methods 2003; 110:179-84. [PMID: 12798246 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(03)00128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The IgM antibody capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA) and ELISA inhibition methods for the detection of antibodies against dengue virus were modified to detect antibodies against yellow fever virus. Tests were carried out in 21 persons vaccinated with 17D and compared with the Plaque reduction neutralizing test. Of 17 naive subjects vaccinated, 16 (94%) seroconverted using the MAC-ELISA test and 14 (82%) seroconverted (or >/=fourfold titer increase) in the ELISA inhibition method. Cross-reactivity was evaluated by both tests and resulted in a high specificity to IgM antibodies against yellow fever, when all the samples from vaccinated individuals were negative by MAC-ELISA using dengue antigen. However, 10.7% of the positive dengue sera from the Santiago de Cuba epidemic cross-reacted by MAC-ELISA using yellow fever antigen. ELISA inhibition method showed high cross-reactivity when the 21 sera pairs were worked with yellow fever and dengue antigens. The MAC-ELISA and ELISA inhibition methods have become indispensable tools in our laboratory in order to maintain a surveillance system for dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. They are relatively rapid, simple, and they do not require sophisticated equipment. Both MAC-ELISA and ELISA inhibition methods for yellow fever could be useful for diagnosis, surveillance and yellow fever vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Vázquez
- 'Pedro Kouri;' Institute (IPK), PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for Viral Diseases, Havana, Cuba.
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62
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Black WC, Bennett KE, Gorrochótegui-Escalante N, Barillas-Mury CV, Fernández-Salas I, de Lourdes Muñoz M, Farfán-Alé JA, Olson KE, Beaty BJ. Flavivirus susceptibility in Aedes aegypti. Arch Med Res 2002; 33:379-88. [PMID: 12234528 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(02)00373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of yellow fever (YF) and dengue fever (DF) flaviviruses worldwide. In this review we focus on past and present research on genetic components and environmental factors in Aedes aegypti that appear to control flavivirus transmission. We review genetic relationships among Ae. aegypti populations throughout the world and discuss how variation in vector competence is correlated with overall genetic differences among populations. We describe current research into how genetic and environmental factors jointly affect distribution of vector competence in natural populations. Based on this information, we propose a population genetic model for vector competence and discuss our recent progress in testing this model. We end with a discussion of approaches being taken to identify the genes that may control flavivirus susceptibility in Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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63
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ter Meulen J, Grau M, Lenz O, Emmerich P, Schmitz H, Oh F, Jaspert R, Niedrig M. Isolation and partial characterization of dengue virus type 2 and 4 strains from dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever patients from Mindanao, Republic of the Philippines. Trop Med Int Health 2000; 5:325-9. [PMID: 10886794 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isolation of dengue virus from dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever cases from Mindanao, Republic of the Philippines. METHODS 12 patients with clinically suspected dengue fever (DF) or dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) presenting in four regional hospitals between August and September 1995 on Minadano were enrolled in the study. Dengue virus was isolated by inoculation of Vero/E6 or C6/36 cells with patient serum. IgM antibodies were measured using a commercial test system. Up to 454 bp of the capsid region and 240 bp of the E/NS1 gene junction of different viral isolates were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. RESULTS Virus could be isolated from seven patients, five isolates were typed as dengue virus type 2 and two as dengue virus type 4 by immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies or by RT/PCR. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed a close relationship of the dengue virus type 2 isolates with viruses isolated in the Philippines in 1983 and 1988. CONCLUSION As observed in studies from other parts of South East Asia, dengue virus type 2 was readily isolated from dengue haemorrhagic fever cases. Dengue virus type 2 and 4 circulate in Mindanao, Philippines, with dengue type 2 being responsible for most of our severe DF or DHF cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J ter Meulen
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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65
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Istúriz RE, Gubler DJ, Brea del Castillo J. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Latin America and the Caribbean. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2000; 14:121-40, ix. [PMID: 10738676 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Four serotypes of dengue viruses produce dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. They are the most important arbovirus infections of humans, in terms of both morbidity and mortality, constituting one of the most rapidly expanding and re-emerging infectious disease problems in Latin America. In less than 20 years, the region has transformed itself from hypoendemic to hyperendemic, while serotype circulation in most countries has gone from none or single to multiple. Changes in endemicity have coincided with the emergence and increasing incidence of the severer forms of dengue infection. This article reviews the clinical presentations of these diseases. Health care providers who see patients in or returning from areas of Latin America, the Caribbean, and other tropical areas must consider dengue in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with compatible symptoms, and must be knowledgeable in the current management of this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Istúriz
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro Médico de Caracas, Venezuela.
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66
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gubler
- Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
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Guzmán MG, Alvarez M, Rodríguez R, Rosario D, Vázquez S, Vald s L, Cabrera MV, Kourí G. Fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever in Cuba, 1997. Int J Infect Dis 1999; 3:130-5. [PMID: 10460923 DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(99)90033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After more than 15 years without dengue activity, a dengue II epidemic was reported in Cuba in 1997. Three thousand and twelve serologically confirmed cases were reported, with 205 dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) cases and 12 fatalities. This report presents the clinical, serologic, and virologic findings in the 12 fatal DHF/DSS cases. METHODS Serum and necropsy samples were studied by viral isolation in C636 cell line and polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples were tested by IgM capture enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and ELISA inhibition method (EIM). RESULTS All 12 cases were classified as DHF/DSS according to the Pan American Health Organization Guidelines for Control and Prevention of Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in the Americas. All patients were older than 15 years. Women were more frequently affected. The symptoms and signs presented by these patients were similar to those previously described in DHF/DSS cases. Clinical deterioration occurred on average at day 3.75. Abdominal pain and persistent vomiting were the earliest and most frequent warning signs. Dengue infection was confirmed in all cases. IgM antibodies were detected in 11 of 12 cases, all of them with a secondary infection. Dengue II virus was detected by viral isolation in 12 samples and by polymerase chain reaction in 17. Virus or RNA was detected in various tissues, including kidney, heart, lung, and brain. CONCLUSION The clinical, pathologic, and laboratory features of 12 cases of fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever were reviewed. The results obtained demonstrate that adults with a primary dengue infection are at risk of developing the severe disease (DHF) if they are infected with a different serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Guzmán
- Department of Virology, PAHO/WHO Collaborator Center for Viral Diseases, Tropical Medicine Institute of Havana, Havana, Cuba
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68
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Rigau-Pérez JG. Case definition for dengue hemorrhagic fever. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:80. [PMID: 9951995 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199901000-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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69
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Abstract
Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity (the cocirculation of multiple serotypes), and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. In 1998 this mosquito-borne disease is the most important tropical infectious disease after malaria, with an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever, 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 25,000 deaths annually. The reasons for this resurgence and emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the waning years of the 20th century are complex and not fully understood, but demographic, societal, and public health infrastructure changes in the past 30 years have contributed greatly. This paper reviews the changing epidemiology of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever by geographic region, the natural history and transmission cycles, clinical diagnosis of both dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, serologic and virologic laboratory diagnoses, pathogenesis, surveillance, prevention, and control. A major challenge for public health officials in all tropical areas of the world is to develop and implement sustainable prevention and control programs that will reverse the trend of emergent dengue hemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gubler
- Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA.
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70
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HOTTA S. Dengue vector mosquitoes in Japan : The role of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in the 1942-1944 dengue epidemics of Japanese Main Islands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.7601/mez.49.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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