51
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Keating L, Touati SA, Wassmann K. A PP2A-B56-Centered View on Metaphase-to-Anaphase Transition in Mouse Oocyte Meiosis I. Cells 2020; 9:E390. [PMID: 32046180 PMCID: PMC7072534 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is required to reduce to haploid the diploid genome content of a cell, generating gametes-oocytes and sperm-with the correct number of chromosomes. To achieve this goal, two specialized cell divisions without intermediate S-phase are executed in a time-controlled manner. In mammalian female meiosis, these divisions are error-prone. Human oocytes have an exceptionally high error rate that further increases with age, with significant consequences for human fertility. To understand why errors in chromosome segregation occur at such high rates in oocytes, it is essential to understand the molecular players at work controlling these divisions. In this review, we look at the interplay of kinase and phosphatase activities at the transition from metaphase-to-anaphase for correct segregation of chromosomes. We focus on the activity of PP2A-B56, a key phosphatase for anaphase onset in both mitosis and meiosis. We start by introducing multiple roles PP2A-B56 occupies for progression through mitosis, before laying out whether or not the same principles may apply to the first meiotic division in oocytes, and describing the known meiosis-specific roles of PP2A-B56 and discrepancies with mitotic cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Keating
- Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis (MOM) UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (L.K.); (S.A.T.)
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra A. Touati
- Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis (MOM) UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (L.K.); (S.A.T.)
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis (MOM) UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (L.K.); (S.A.T.)
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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52
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Manzione MG, Rombouts J, Steklov M, Pasquali L, Sablina A, Gelens L, Qian J, Bollen M. Co-regulation of the antagonistic RepoMan:Aurora-B pair in proliferating cells. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:419-438. [PMID: 31967936 PMCID: PMC7185888 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-12-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation during mitosis is antagonistically regulated by the Aurora-B kinase and RepoMan (recruits PP1 onto mitotic chromatin at anaphase)-associated phosphatases PP1/PP2A. Aurora B is overexpressed in many cancers but, surprisingly, this only rarely causes lethal aneuploidy. Here we show that RepoMan abundance is regulated by the same mechanisms that control Aurora B, including FOXM1-regulated expression and proteasomal degradation following ubiquitination by APC/C-CDH1 or SCFFBXW7. The deregulation of these mechanisms can account for the balanced co-overexpression of Aurora B and RepoMan in many cancers, which limits chromosome segregation errors. In addition, Aurora B and RepoMan independently promote cancer cell proliferation by reducing checkpoint-induced cell-cycle arrest during interphase. The co–up-regulation of RepoMan and Aurora B in tumors is inversely correlated with patient survival, underscoring its potential importance for tumor progression. Finally, we demonstrate that high RepoMan levels sensitize cancer cells to Aurora-B inhibitors. Hence, the co–up-regulation of RepoMan and Aurora B is associated with tumor aggressiveness but also exposes a vulnerable target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Rombouts
- Laboratory of Dynamics in Biological Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikhail Steklov
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sablina
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lendert Gelens
- Laboratory of Dynamics in Biological Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Junbin Qian
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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53
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Abad MA, Ruppert JG, Buzuk L, Wear M, Zou J, Webb KM, Kelly DA, Voigt P, Rappsilber J, Earnshaw WC, Jeyaprakash AA. Borealin-nucleosome interaction secures chromosome association of the chromosomal passenger complex. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3912-3925. [PMID: 31570499 PMCID: PMC6891087 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome association of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC; consisting of Borealin, Survivin, INCENP, and the Aurora B kinase) is essential to achieve error-free chromosome segregation during cell division. Hence, understanding the mechanisms driving the chromosome association of the CPC is of paramount importance. Here using a multifaceted approach, we show that the CPC binds nucleosomes through a multivalent interaction predominantly involving Borealin. Strikingly, Survivin, previously suggested to target the CPC to centromeres, failed to bind nucleosomes on its own and requires Borealin and INCENP for its binding. Disrupting Borealin-nucleosome interactions excluded the CPC from chromosomes and caused chromosome congression defects. We also show that Borealin-mediated chromosome association of the CPC is critical for Haspin- and Bub1-mediated centromere enrichment of the CPC and works upstream of the latter. Our work thus establishes Borealin as a master regulator determining the chromosome association and function of the CPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Abad
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jan G Ruppert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Lana Buzuk
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin Wear
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Kim M Webb
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David A Kelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Philipp Voigt
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Technical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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54
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Petsalaki E, Zachos G. Building bridges between chromosomes: novel insights into the abscission checkpoint. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4291-4307. [PMID: 31302750 PMCID: PMC11105294 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of chromatin bridges, mammalian cells delay completion of cytokinesis (abscission) to prevent chromatin breakage or tetraploidization by regression of the cleavage furrow. This abscission delay is called "the abscission checkpoint" and is dependent on Aurora B kinase. Furthermore, cells stabilize the narrow cytoplasmic canal between the two daughter cells until the DNA bridges are resolved. Impaired abscission checkpoint signaling or unstable intercellular canals can lead to accumulation of DNA damage, aneuploidy, or generation of polyploid cells which are associated with tumourigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved have only recently started to emerge. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathways of the abscission checkpoint and describe newly identified triggers, Aurora B-regulators and effector proteins in abscission checkpoint signaling. We also describe mechanisms that control intercellular bridge stabilization, DNA bridge resolution, or abscission checkpoint silencing upon satisfaction, and discuss how abscission checkpoint proteins can be targeted to potentially improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsalaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Zachos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
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55
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Bonner MK, Haase J, Swinderman J, Halas H, Miller Jenkins LM, Kelly AE. Enrichment of Aurora B kinase at the inner kinetochore controls outer kinetochore assembly. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3237-3257. [PMID: 31527147 PMCID: PMC6781445 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer kinetochore assembly enables chromosome attachment to microtubules and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling in mitosis. Aurora B kinase controls kinetochore assembly by phosphorylating the Mis12 complex (Mis12C) subunit Dsn1. Current models propose Dsn1 phosphorylation relieves autoinhibition, allowing Mis12C binding to inner kinetochore component CENP-C. Using Xenopus laevis egg extracts and biochemical reconstitution, we found that autoinhibition of the Mis12C by Dsn1 impedes its phosphorylation by Aurora B. Our data indicate that the INCENP central region increases Dsn1 phosphorylation by enriching Aurora B at inner kinetochores, close to CENP-C. Furthermore, centromere-bound CENP-C does not exchange in mitosis, and CENP-C binding to the Mis12C dramatically increases Dsn1 phosphorylation by Aurora B. We propose that the coincidence of Aurora B and CENP-C at inner kinetochores ensures the fidelity of kinetochore assembly. We also found that the central region is required for the SAC beyond its role in kinetochore assembly, suggesting that kinetochore enrichment of Aurora B promotes the phosphorylation of other kinetochore substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kate Bonner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julian Haase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason Swinderman
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hyunmi Halas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander E Kelly
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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56
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Trivedi P, Palomba F, Niedzialkowska E, Digman MA, Gratton E, Stukenberg PT. The inner centromere is a biomolecular condensate scaffolded by the chromosomal passenger complex. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1127-1137. [PMID: 31481798 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inner centromere is a region on every mitotic chromosome that enables specific biochemical reactions that underlie properties, such as the maintenance of cohesion, the regulation of kinetochores and the assembly of specialized chromatin, that can resist microtubule pulling forces. The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is abundantly localized to the inner centromeres and it is unclear whether it is involved in non-kinase activities that contribute to the generation of these unique chromatin properties. We find that the borealin subunit of the CPC drives phase separation of the CPC in vitro at concentrations that are below those found on the inner centromere. We also provide strong evidence that the CPC exists in a phase-separated state at the inner centromere. CPC phase separation is required for its inner-centromere localization and function during mitosis. We suggest that the CPC combines phase separation, kinase and histone code-reading activities to enable the formation of a chromatin body with unique biochemical activities at the inner centromere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Trivedi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Francesco Palomba
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ewa Niedzialkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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57
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Li J, Ha S, Li Z, Huang Y, Lin E, Xiao W. Aurora B prevents aneuploidy via MAD2 during the first mitotic cleavage in oxidatively damaged embryos. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12657. [PMID: 31264311 PMCID: PMC6797512 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A high rate of chromosome aneuploidy is exhibited in in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived embryos. Our previous experiments suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can activate Mad2, a key protein in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and delay the first mitotic, providing time to prevent the formation of embryonic aneuploidy. We aimed to determine whether mitotic kinase Aurora B was involved in the SAC function to prevent aneuploidy in IVF-derived embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed aneuploidy formation and repair during embryo pre-implantation via 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and karyotype analysis. We assessed Aurora B activation by immunofluorescence and investigated the effect of Aurora B inhibition on embryo injury-related variables, such as embryonic development, ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and γH2AX-positive expression. RESULTS We observed the expression and phosphorylation of Thr232 in Aurora B in oxidative stress-induced zygotes. Moreover, inhibition of Aurora B caused chromosome mis-segregation, abnormal spindle structures, abnormal chromosome number and reduced expression of Mad2 in IVF embryos. Our results suggest that Aurora B causes mitotic arrest and participates in SAC via Mad2 and H3S10P, which is required for self-correction of aneuploidies. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here that oxidative stress-induced DNA damage triggers Aurora B-mediated activation of SAC, which prevents aneuploidy at the first mitotic cleavage in early mouse IVF embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiena Li
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou UniversityShantouChina
| | - Siyao Ha
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics & GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiling Li
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou UniversityShantouChina
| | - Yue Huang
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou UniversityShantouChina
| | - En Lin
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou UniversityShantouChina
| | - Wanfen Xiao
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou UniversityShantouChina
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58
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Interplay between Phosphatases and the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome in Mitosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080814. [PMID: 31382469 PMCID: PMC6721574 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate division of cells into two daughters is a process that is vital to propagation of life. Protein phosphorylation and selective degradation have emerged as two important mechanisms safeguarding the delicate choreography of mitosis. Protein phosphatases catalyze dephosphorylation of thousands of sites on proteins, steering the cells through establishment of the mitotic phase and exit from it. A large E3 ubiquitin ligase, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) becomes active during latter stages of mitosis through G1 and marks hundreds of proteins for destruction. Recent studies have revealed the complex interregulation between these two classes of enzymes. In this review, we highlight the direct and indirect mechanisms by which phosphatases and the APC/C mutually influence each other to ensure accurate spatiotemporal and orderly progression through mitosis, with a particular focus on recent insights and conceptual advances.
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59
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Mascanzoni F, Ayala I, Colanzi A. Organelle Inheritance Control of Mitotic Entry and Progression: Implications for Tissue Homeostasis and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:133. [PMID: 31396510 PMCID: PMC6664238 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex (GC), in addition to its well-known role in membrane traffic, is also actively involved in the regulation of mitotic entry and progression. In particular, during the G2 phase of the cell cycle, the Golgi ribbon is unlinked into isolated stacks. Importantly, this ribbon cleavage is required for G2/M transition, indicating that a "Golgi mitotic checkpoint" controls the correct segregation of this organelle. Then, during mitosis, the isolated Golgi stacks are disassembled, and this process is required for spindle formation. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that also proper mitotic segregation of other organelles, such as mitochondria, endosomes, and peroxisomes, is required for correct mitotic progression and/or spindle formation. Collectively, these observations imply that in addition to the control of chromosomes segregation, which is required to preserve the genetic information, the cells actively monitor the disassembly and redistribution of subcellular organelles in mitosis. Here, we provide an overview of the major structural reorganization of the GC and other organelles during G2/M transition and of their regulatory mechanisms, focusing on novel findings that have shed light on the basic processes that link organelle inheritance to mitotic progression and spindle formation, and discussing their implications for tissue homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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60
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Joukov V, De Nicolo A. The Centrosome and the Primary Cilium: The Yin and Yang of a Hybrid Organelle. Cells 2019; 8:E701. [PMID: 31295970 PMCID: PMC6678760 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes and primary cilia are usually considered as distinct organelles, although both are assembled with the same evolutionary conserved, microtubule-based templates, the centrioles. Centrosomes serve as major microtubule- and actin cytoskeleton-organizing centers and are involved in a variety of intracellular processes, whereas primary cilia receive and transduce environmental signals to elicit cellular and organismal responses. Understanding the functional relationship between centrosomes and primary cilia is important because defects in both structures have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Here, we discuss evidence that the animal centrosome evolved, with the transition to complex multicellularity, as a hybrid organelle comprised of the two distinct, but intertwined, structural-functional modules: the centriole/primary cilium module and the pericentriolar material/centrosome module. The evolution of the former module may have been caused by the expanding cellular diversification and intercommunication, whereas that of the latter module may have been driven by the increasing complexity of mitosis and the requirement for maintaining cell polarity, individuation, and adhesion. Through its unique ability to serve both as a plasma membrane-associated primary cilium organizer and a juxtanuclear microtubule-organizing center, the animal centrosome has become an ideal integrator of extracellular and intracellular signals with the cytoskeleton and a switch between the non-cell autonomous and the cell-autonomous signaling modes. In light of this hypothesis, we discuss centrosome dynamics during cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation and propose a model of centrosome-driven microtubule assembly in mitotic and interphase cells. In addition, we outline the evolutionary benefits of the animal centrosome and highlight the hierarchy and modularity of the centrosome biogenesis networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Joukov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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61
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Fischböck-Halwachs J, Singh S, Potocnjak M, Hagemann G, Solis-Mezarino V, Woike S, Ghodgaonkar-Steger M, Weissmann F, Gallego LD, Rojas J, Andreani J, Köhler A, Herzog F. The COMA complex interacts with Cse4 and positions Sli15/Ipl1 at the budding yeast inner kinetochore. eLife 2019; 8:42879. [PMID: 31112132 PMCID: PMC6546395 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetochores are macromolecular protein complexes at centromeres that ensure accurate chromosome segregation by attaching chromosomes to spindle microtubules and integrating safeguard mechanisms. The inner kinetochore is assembled on CENP-A nucleosomes and has been implicated in establishing a kinetochore-associated pool of Aurora B kinase, a chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) subunit, which is essential for chromosome biorientation. By performing crosslink-guided in vitro reconstitution of budding yeast kinetochore complexes we showed that the Ame1/Okp1CENP-U/Q heterodimer, which forms the COMA complex with Ctf19/Mcm21CENP-P/O, selectively bound Cse4CENP-A nucleosomes through the Cse4 N-terminus. The Sli15/Ipl1INCENP/Aurora-B core-CPC interacted with COMA in vitro through the Ctf19 C-terminus whose deletion affected chromosome segregation fidelity in Sli15 wild-type cells. Tethering Sli15 to Ame1/Okp1 rescued synthetic lethality upon Ctf19 depletion in a Sli15 centromere-targeting deficient mutant. This study shows molecular characteristics of the point-centromere kinetochore architecture and suggests a role for the Ctf19 C-terminus in mediating CPC-binding and accurate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fischböck-Halwachs
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Singh
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mia Potocnjak
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Götz Hagemann
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Victor Solis-Mezarino
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Woike
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Medini Ghodgaonkar-Steger
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Weissmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura D Gallego
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie Rojas
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jessica Andreani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alwin Köhler
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Herzog
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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62
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Liang C, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Yan H, Zhang M, Xiang X, Yi Q, Pan X, Cheng H, Wang F. A positive feedback mechanism ensures proper assembly of the functional inner centromere during mitosis in human cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1437-1450. [PMID: 30498087 PMCID: PMC6364785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner centromere region of a mitotic chromosome critically regulates sister chromatid cohesion and kinetochore-microtubule attachments. However, the molecular mechanism underlying inner centromere assembly remains elusive. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in HeLa cells, we disrupted the interaction of Shugoshin 1 (Sgo1) with histone H2A phosphorylated on Thr-120 (H2ApT120) to selectively release Sgo1 from mitotic centromeres. Interestingly, cells expressing the H2ApT120-binding defective mutant of Sgo1 have an elevated rate of chromosome missegregation accompanied by weakened centromeric cohesion and decreased centromere accumulation of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), an integral part of the inner centromere and a key player in the correction of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments. When artificially tethered to centromeres, a Sgo1 mutant defective in binding protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is not able to support proper centromeric cohesion and CPC accumulation, indicating that the Sgo1-PP2A interaction is essential for the integrity of mitotic centromeres. We further provide evidence indicating that Sgo1 protects centromeric cohesin to create a binding site for the histone H3-associated protein kinase Haspin, which not only inhibits the cohesin release factor Wapl and thereby strengthens centromeric cohesion but also phosphorylates histone H3 at Thr-3 to position CPC at inner centromeres. Taken together, our findings reveal a positive feedback-based mechanism that ensures proper assembly of the functional inner centromere during mitosis. They further suggest a causal link between centromeric cohesion defects and chromosomal instability in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Liang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinfu Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingfeng Xiang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Yi
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hankun Cheng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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63
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Smurova K, De Wulf P. Centromere and Pericentromere Transcription: Roles and Regulation … in Sickness and in Health. Front Genet 2018; 9:674. [PMID: 30627137 PMCID: PMC6309819 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal loci known as centromeres (CEN) mediate the equal distribution of the duplicated genome between both daughter cells. Specifically, centromeres recruit a protein complex named the kinetochore, that bi-orients the replicated chromosome pairs to the mitotic or meiotic spindle structure. The paired chromosomes are then separated, and the individual chromosomes segregate in opposite direction along the regressing spindle into each daughter cell. Erroneous kinetochore assembly or activity produces aneuploid cells that contain an abnormal number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy may incite cell death, developmental defects (including genetic syndromes), and cancer (>90% of all cancer cells are aneuploid). While kinetochores and their activities have been preserved through evolution, the CEN DNA sequences have not. Hence, to be recognized as sites for kinetochore assembly, CEN display conserved structural themes. In addition, CEN nucleosomes enclose a CEN-exclusive variant of histone H3, named CENP-A, and carry distinct epigenetic labels on CENP-A and the other CEN histone proteins. Through the cell cycle, CEN are transcribed into non-coding RNAs. After subsequent processing, they become key components of the CEN chromatin by marking the CEN locus and by stably anchoring the CEN-binding kinetochore proteins. CEN transcription is tightly regulated, of low intensity, and essential for differentiation and development. Under- or overexpression of CEN transcripts, as documented for myriad cancers, provoke chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. CEN are genetically stable and fully competent only when they are insulated from the surrounding, pericentromeric chromatin, which must be silenced. We will review CEN transcription and its contribution to faithful kinetochore function. We will further discuss how pericentromeric chromatin is silenced by RNA processing and transcriptionally repressive chromatin marks. We will report on the transcriptional misregulation of (peri)centromeres during stress, natural aging, and disease and reflect on whether their transcripts can serve as future diagnostic tools and anti-cancer targets in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Smurova
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Peter De Wulf
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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64
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Maeda K, Yoneda M, Nakagawa T, Ikeda K, Higashi M, Nakagawa K, Miyakoda M, Yui K, Oda H, Inoue S, Ito T. Defects in centromeric/pericentromeric histone H2A T120 phosphorylation by hBUB1 cause chromosome missegregation producing multinucleated cells. Genes Cells 2018; 23:828-838. [PMID: 30112853 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Histone H2A phosphorylation plays a role both in chromatin condensation during mitosis and in transcriptional activation during the G1/S transition. Bub1 and NHK1/VRK1 have been identified as histone H2A kinases. However, little is known about the importance of histone H2A phosphorylation in chromosome segregation. Here, we expressed recombinant hBUB1 and confirmed that it phosphorylates histone H2A T120 in the in vitro-assembled nucleosome. Knockdown (KD) of BUB1 decreases bulk H2A T120 phosphorylation in HeLa cells, whereas hBUB1 is upregulated during mitosis, which corresponds with H2A T120 phosphorylation. ChIP-qPCR of the DXZ1 centromeric and γ-ALR pericentromeric region showed that BUB1 localizes to this region and increases local H2A T120 phosphorylation during M phase. BUB1 KD did not induce apoptosis but increased the M phase cell population, as detected by flow cytometry. BUB1 KD also caused an abnormal metaphase and telophase, resulting in multinucleated cells and impaired cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Over-expression of the histone H2A T120D or T120E mutations, which mimic phosphorylated threonine, decreased the number of multinucleated cells caused by BUB1 KD. These results strengthen the apparent importance of BUB1-mediated H2A T120 phosphorylation in normal mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.,Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Oda Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeya Nakagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kaori Nakagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mana Miyakoda
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.,Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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65
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Abstract
Mitosis is controlled by reversible protein phosphorylation involving specific kinases and phosphatases. A handful of major mitotic protein kinases, such as the cyclin B-CDK1 complex, the Aurora kinases, and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), cooperatively regulate distinct mitotic processes. Research has identified proteins and mechanisms that integrate these kinases into signaling cascades that guide essential mitotic events. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of mitotic regulation and may advance the development of novel antimitotic drugs. We review collected evidence that in vertebrates, the Aurora kinases serve as catalytic subunits of distinct complexes formed with the four scaffold proteins Bora, CEP192, INCENP, and TPX2, which we deem "core" Aurora cofactors. These complexes and the Aurora-PLK1 cascades organized by Bora, CEP192, and INCENP control crucial aspects of mitosis and all pathways of spindle assembly. We compare the mechanisms of Aurora activation in relation to the different spindle assembly pathways and draw a functional analogy between the CEP192 complex and the chromosomal passenger complex that may reflect the coevolution of centrosomes, kinetochores, and the actomyosin cleavage apparatus. We also analyze the roles and mechanisms of Aurora-PLK1 signaling in the cell and centrosome cycles and in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Joukov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation.
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66
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Talbert PB, Henikoff S. Transcribing Centromeres: Noncoding RNAs and Kinetochore Assembly. Trends Genet 2018; 34:587-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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67
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Saurin AT. Kinase and Phosphatase Cross-Talk at the Kinetochore. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:62. [PMID: 29971233 PMCID: PMC6018199 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple kinases and phosphatases act on the kinetochore to control chromosome segregation: Aurora B, Mps1, Bub1, Plk1, Cdk1, PP1, and PP2A-B56, have all been shown to regulate both kinetochore-microtubule attachments and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Given that so many kinases and phosphatases converge onto two key mitotic processes, it is perhaps not surprising to learn that they are, quite literally, entangled in cross-talk. Inhibition of any one of these enzymes produces secondary effects on all the others, which results in a complicated picture that is very difficult to interpret. This review aims to clarify this picture by first collating the direct effects of each enzyme into one overarching schematic of regulation at the Knl1/Mis12/Ndc80 (KMN) network (a major signaling hub at the outer kinetochore). This schematic will then be used to discuss the implications of the cross-talk that connects these enzymes; both in terms of why it may be needed to produce the right type of kinetochore signals and why it nevertheless complicates our interpretations about which enzymes control what processes. Finally, some general experimental approaches will be discussed that could help to characterize kinetochore signaling by dissociating the direct from indirect effect of kinase or phosphatase inhibition in vivo. Together, this review should provide a framework to help understand how a network of kinases and phosphatases cooperate to regulate two key mitotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T. Saurin
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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68
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DeLuca JG. Aurora A Kinase Function at Kinetochores. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 82:91-99. [PMID: 29700233 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2017.82.034991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important regulatory aspects of chromosome segregation is the ability of kinetochores to precisely control their attachment strength to spindle microtubules. Central to this regulation is Aurora B, a mitotic kinase that phosphorylates kinetochore substrates to promote microtubule turnover. A critical target of Aurora B is the kinetochore protein Ndc80/Hec1, which is a component of the NDC80 complex, the primary force-transducing link between kinetochores and microtubules. Although Aurora B is regarded as the "master regulator" of kinetochore-microtubule attachment, it is becoming clear that this kinase is not solely responsible for phosphorylating Hec1 and other kinetochore substrates to facilitate microtubule turnover. In particular, there is growing evidence that Aurora A kinase, whose activities at spindle poles have been extensively described, has additional roles at kinetochores in regulating the kinetochore-microtubule interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1870
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69
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Dissection of Protein Kinase Pathways in Live Cells Using Photoluminescent Probes: Surveillance or Interrogation? CHEMOSENSORS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors6020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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