51
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Fang Z, Jiang C, Li S. The Potential Regulatory Roles of Circular RNAs in Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:617583. [PMID: 33613544 PMCID: PMC7886782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules in eukaryotes with features of high stability, tissue-specific and cell-specific expression. According to their biogenesis, circRNAs are mainly classified into five types, i.e. exonic circRNAs (EciRNAs), exon-intron circRNAs (EIciRNAs), intronic RNAs (CiRNAs), fusion circRNAs (f-circRNAs), and read-through circRNAs (rt-circRNAs). CircRNAs have been emerging as important non-coding regulatory RNAs in a variety of human cancers. CircRNA4s were revealed to exert regulatory function through multiple mechanisms, such as sponges/decoys of miRNAs and proteins, enhancers of protein functions, protein scaffolds, protein recruitment, or protein translation templates. Furthermore, some circRNAs are intensively associated with immune cells in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), e.g. circARSP91 and natural killer cells. Through regulating immune checkpoint genes, circRNAs are demonstrated to modulate the immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, e.g. circCPA4 could up-regulate PD-L1 expression. In summary, we reviewed the molecular features of circRNAs and mechanisms how they exert functions. We further summarized functional implications of circRNA regulations in tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Further understanding of the regulatory roles of circRNAs in tumor immunology and immunotherapy will benefit tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Fang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shengli Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu ZH, Yang SZ, Li WY, Dong SY, Zhou SY, Xu S. circRNA_141539 can serve as an oncogenic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by sponging miR-4469 and activating CDK3 gene. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12179-12193. [PMID: 33504681 PMCID: PMC8109109 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal expression and regulation of circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. The current study aimed to determine the role of circRNA_141539 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). CircRNA_141539 expression in ESCC was detected via circRNA chip analysis and verified via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Associations between circRNA_141539, patient clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were also statistically analyzed. Additionally, the effects of circRNA_141539 on ESCC cell proliferation and invasion were assessed. A dual-luciferase assay was performed to analyze the interaction between circRNAs, microRNAs (miRs) and mRNAs. The results revealed that circRNA_141539 was significantly up-regulated in patients with ESCC. Furthermore, high circRNA_141539 expressions were significantly associated with TNM stage, differentiation and poor prognosis, revealing high diagnostic value (P<0.05). Furthermore, circRNA_141539 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and invasion, while circRNA_141539 silencing inhibited cell proliferation and invasion (P<0.05). The dual-luciferase reporter assay identified that circRNA_141539 directly binds to miR-4469 and also revealed that cyclin-dependent kinase-3 (CDK3) was negatively regulated by miR-4469. The results indicated that circRNA_141539 served as an oncogenic factor in ESCC by sponging miR-4469 and activating CDK3 expression. circRNA_141539 may present as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hua Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, He-Ping, Shen-Yang 110001, Liao-Ning Province, China
| | - Shi-Ze Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, He-Ping, Shen-Yang 110001, Liao-Ning Province, China
| | - Wen-Ya Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, He-Ping, Shen-Yang 110001, Liao-Ning Province, China
| | - Si-Yuan Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, He-Ping, Shen-Yang 110001, Liao-Ning Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, He-Ping, Shen-Yang 110001, Liao-Ning Province, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, He-Ping, Shen-Yang 110001, Liao-Ning Province, China
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53
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Zhang CC, Li Y, Feng XZ, Li DB. Circular RNA circ_0001287 inhibits the proliferation, metastasis, and radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells by sponging microRNA miR-21 and up-regulating phosphatase and tensin homolog expression. Bioengineered 2021; 12:414-425. [PMID: 33467964 PMCID: PMC8806200 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1872191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a type of non-coding RNA, circular RNA (circRNA) figures prominently in human cancer progression. Nonetheless, the expression, function, and regulatory mechanism of circ_0001287 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain obscure. In this work, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was implemented to quantify circ_0001287 and miR-21 expressions in NSCLC tissues and cells. The relationship between circ_0001287 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of NSCLC patients was examined. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-bromo-2©-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and Transwell experiments were conducted to detect the multiplication, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells after circ_0001287 was overexpressed or knocked down. The survival of NSCLC cells was studied using colony formation experiment under different doses of radiation. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment and luciferase reporter gene experiment verified the binding relationship between circ_0001287 and miR-21. Western blot was employed to examine the regulatory effects of circ_0001287 and miR-21 on phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression. We reported that circ_0001287 expression was down-modulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Besides, circ_0001287 low expression was associated with low differentiation and positive lymph node invasion of NSCLC. Circ_0001287 overexpression suppressed the multiplication, migration, invasion, and radioresistance of NSCLC cells, whereas circ_0001287 knockdown promoted the above phenotypes. Circ_0001287 could adsorb miR-21 and repress its expression, and indirectly up-modulate PTEN expression in NSCLC cells. Taken together, circ_0001287/miR-21/PTEN axis is probably involved in regulating NSCLC cell multiplication, metastasis, and radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Cui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi , Linyi, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi , Linyi, China
| | - Xian-Zhen Feng
- Department of Respiratory, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi , Linyi, China
| | - Dian-Bo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi Cancer Hospital , Linyi, China
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Wang L, Li B, Yi X, Xiao X, Zheng Q, Ma L. Circ_SMAD4 promotes gastric carcinogenesis by activating wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12981. [PMID: 33458917 PMCID: PMC7941240 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are essential participants in tumour progression. This study focused on investigating the mechanism of a novel functional circRNA in gastric cancer (GC). Methods Gene expression was detected by qRT‐PCR or Western blot. Survival curves were generated via Kaplan‐Meier method. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to investigate the impact of circ_SMAD4 on GC cell growth and tumorigenesis. Agarose gel electrophoresis assay, RNase R treatment and Sanger sequencing were utilized for confirming the circular structure of circ_SMAD4. Relationship between molecules was monitored by a series of mechanical experiments, as needed. Results Circ_SMAD4 expression was potentiated in GC. Circ_SMAD4 depletion impeded GC cell growth in vitro and restrained tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanically, nuclear circ_SMAD4 recruited TCF4 to facilitate CTNNB1 transcription, while cytoplasmic circ_SMAD4 sequestered miR‐1276 to prevent the silence of CTNNB1 mRNA, leading to activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Rescue experiments validated that circ_SMAD4 depended on miR‐1276/TCF4‐regulated CTNNB1 to elicit accelerating effects on GC cell growth. Conclusion Circ_SMAD4 facilitated GC tumorigenesis by activating CTNNB1‐dependent Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Hopefully, the findings could provide new clues for improving GC prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bin Li
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yi
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xuhua Xiao
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qinghua Zheng
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Zhang W, Qin P, Gong X, Huang L, Wang C, Chen G, Chen J, Wang L, Lv Z. Identification of circRNAs in the Liver of Whitespotted Bamboo Shark ( Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Front Genet 2020; 11:596308. [PMID: 33362857 PMCID: PMC7759564 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.596308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), a member of the cartilaginous fish family, has an extremely large liver and demonstrates a strong regeneration ability and immune regulation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) is an important class of non-coding RNAs. Increasing evidences suggest that circRNAs are a kind of potential regulators. Recently, researchers have isolated and identified different circRNAs from various species, while few reports were on the circRNAs of C. plagiosum. In this study, we have identified a total of 4,558 circRNAs in the liver of C. plagiosum. This finding suggests that circRNAs are not evenly distributed in the chromosomes and follow the GT-AG rule during cyclization. Alternative back-splicing might exist in shark circRNAs as shown by the authenticity identification of predicted circRNAs. The binding strength of circRNAs (<2,000 bp) and the detected miRNAs in shark liver were simultaneously analyzed to construct an mRNA–miRNA–circRNA network for the Glutathione S-transferase P1 gene, and the circRNA authenticity was simultaneously verified. Our data provide not only novel insights into the rich existence of circRNAs in marine animals, but also a basis for characterizing functions of identified circRNAs in the liver homeostasis of C. plagiosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Hangzhou Hongqiao Sino-Science Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Chan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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56
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Zhu Z, Huang J, Li X, Xing J, Chen Q, Liu R, Hua F, Qiu Z, Song Y, Bai C, Mo YY, Zhang Z. Gut microbiota regulate tumor metastasis via circRNA/miRNA networks. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1788891. [PMID: 32686598 PMCID: PMC7524358 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1788891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays an important role in cancer progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we report that broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) treatment leads to enhanced metastasis by the alteration of gut microbiome composition. METHODS Cancer LLC and B16-F10 cell metastasis mouse models, and microarray/RNA sequencing analysis were used to reveal the regulatory functions of microbiota-mediated circular RNA (circRNA)/microRNA (miRNA) networks that may contribute to cancer metastasis. RESULTS The specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice with ABX treatment demonstrated enhanced lung metastasis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from SPF mice or Bifidobacterium into germ-free mice significantly suppressed lung metastasis. Mechanistically, gut microbiota impacts circRNA expression to regulate levels of corresponding miRNAs. Specifically, such modulations of gut microbiota inhibit mmu_circ_0000730 expression in an IL-11-dependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis combined with luciferase reporter assays revealed reciprocal repression between mmu_circ_0000730 and mmu-miR-466i-3p. We further showed that both mmu-miR-466i-3p and mmu-miR-466 f-3p suppresses a number of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness of cancer stem cells such as SOX9. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence of a previously unrecognized regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in microbiota-mediated cancer metastasis, and thus, the microbiome may serve as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xing
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongmin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Cancer Institute and Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA,Yin-Yuan Mo University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Ziqiang Zhang Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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57
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Meng L, Ding P, Liu S, Li Z, Sang M, Shan B. The emerging prospects of circular RNA in tumor immunity. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1091. [PMID: 33145310 PMCID: PMC7575963 DOI: 10.21037/atm-19-4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA), as a cluster of endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with tissue-specific expression in various eukaryotic species, may be involved in a variety of human physiological and pathological processes. With the continuous development of high-throughput sequencing in recent years, circRNA has been increasingly widely studied and become a hot spot in the field of tumor research. The immune system plays a crucial and complex role in tumor development. It is not only capable of inhibiting tumor progression, but it can also create conditions suitable for tumor development, thereby promoting tumor progression. Moreover, through ncRNA, tumor immunotherapy, as an essential means of tumor therapy, may regulate tumor immunity to achieve the purpose of treatment. This article reviews the role of circRNA in tumor immunity to supply a sufficient theoretical basis for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjiao Meng
- Research Center and Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pingan Ding
- The Third Department of Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sihua Liu
- Research Center and Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Research Center and Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meixiang Sang
- Research Center and Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Center and Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Kolenda T, Guglas K, Baranowski D, Sobocińska J, Kopczyńska M, Teresiak A, Bliźniak R, Lamperska K. cfRNAs as biomarkers in oncology - still experimental or applied tool for personalized medicine already? Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:783-792. [PMID: 32904167 PMCID: PMC7451588 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the challenges of contemporary oncology are focused mainly on the development of personalized medicine and precise treatment, which could be achieved through the use of molecular biomarkers. One of the biological molecules with great potential are circulating free RNAs (cfRNAs) which are present in various types of body fluids, such as blood, serum, plasma, and saliva. Also, different types of cfRNA particles can be distinguished depending on their length and function: microRNA (miRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), circular RNA (circRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA). Moreover, cfRNAs occur in various forms: as a free molecule alone, in membrane vesicles, such as exosomes, or in complexes with proteins and lipids. One of the modern approaches for monitoring patient's condition is a "liquid biopsy" that provides a non-invasive and easily available source of circulating RNAs. Both the presence of specific cfRNA types as well as their concentration are dependent on many factors including cancer type or even reaction to treatment. Despite the possibility of using circulating free RNAs as biomarkers, there is still a lack of validated diagnostic panels, defined protocols for sampling, storing as well as detection methods. In this work we examine different types of cfRNAs, evaluate them as possible biomarkers, and analyze methods of their detection. We believe that further research on cfRNA and defining diagnostic panels could lead to better and faster cancer identification and improve treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dawid Baranowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobocińska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magda Kopczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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Yin H, Cui X. Knockdown of circHIPK3 Facilitates Temozolomide Sensitivity in Glioma by Regulating Cellular Behaviors Through miR-524-5p/KIF2A-Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 36:556-567. [PMID: 32833501 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a serious hindrance in clinical chemotherapy for glioma. Circular RNA homeodomain interacting protein kinase 3 (circHIPK3) can be involved in regulating the progression of glioma, but the molecular mechanism of circHIPK3 in TMZ-resistant-glioma is completely unclear. Materials and Methods: The levels of circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was used for assessing the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TMZ and cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis and metastasis (migration and invasion) were detected by flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed several times to analyze the expression levels of associated proteins and the targeted relation. Results: The upregulation of circHIPK3 was found in TMZ-resistant glioma tissues and cells. Both circHIPK3 knockdown and kinesin family member 2A (KIF2A) inhibition could facilitate TMZ sensitivity and apoptosis but repress proliferation and metastasis in TMZ-resistant glioma cells. CircHIPK3 targeted microRNA-524-5p (miR-524-5p) and KIF2A functioned as a downstream target of miR-524-5p. Decrease of miR-524-5p relieved the effects of si-circHIPK3 on TMZ-resistant glioma cells by upregulating KIF2A. Downregulation of circHIPK3 refrained the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signal pathway partly through miR-524-5p/KIF2A axis. Conclusions: Knockdown of circHIPK3 promoted TMZ sensitivity in glioma by modulating proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis through miR-524-5p/KIF2A-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. CircHIPK3 may be the potential target for the diagnosis and therapy of TMZ-resistant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqian Yin
- Department of Drug Dispensing, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Abstract
A great many circular RNAs (circRNAs) exist in different types of mammalian cells. Previous studies have verified that a low level of hsa_circ_0002320 is present in gastric cancer and that it might represent a good prognostic indicator. However, its value in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. The aim of this research was to explore the value of hsa_circ_0002320 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for CRC prognosis.Plasma samples, CRC tissues, and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 50 patients with CRC, before any treatment, and 100 plasma samples were acquired from healthy individuals. Hsa_circ_0002320 levels in these samples were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Correlations between hsa_circ_0002320, clinicopathological characteristics, and overall survival (OS) of CRC patients were also investigated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the value of hsa_circ_0002320 for CRC diagnosis. Finally, a bioinformatics analysis was performed to verify the effect of hsa_circ_0002320 on CRC prognosis.Expression levels of hsa_circ_0002320 were significantly decreased in CRC plasma (P < .05). The expression level of hsa_circ_0002320 was significantly correlated with OS time (P < .05). Higher hsa_circ_0002320 reflected significantly greater OS; the HR of high hsa_circ_0002320 was 0.161 (95% CI, 0.066-0.393; P = .000). The area under the ROC curve of hsa_circ_0002320 in CRC was 0.823, which was higher than for the carcinoembryogenic antigen (area under the curve = 0.764). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CRC patients with low expression of hsa_circ_0002320 exhibited poorer OS times than those with high expression.Hsa_circ_0002320 could be a novel, noninvasive diagnostic blood biomarker for CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Bin Xu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Bing-hui Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
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Chen Q, Mang G, Wu J, Sun P, Li T, Zhang H, Wang N, Tong Z, Wang W, Zheng Y, Tian J, E M, Zhang M, Yu B. Circular RNA circSnx5 Controls Immunogenicity of Dendritic Cells through the miR-544/SOCS1 Axis and PU.1 Activity Regulation. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2503-2518. [PMID: 32681834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can orchestrate either immunogenic or tolerogenic responses to relay information on the functional state. Emerging studies indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in immunity; however, it remains unclear whether they govern DC development and function at the transcriptional level. In this study, we identified a central role for a novel circRNA, circSnx5, in modulating DC-driven immunity and tolerance. Ectopic circSnx5 suppresses DC activation and promotes the development of tolerogenic functions of DCs, while circSnx5 knockdown promotes their activation and inflammatory phenotype. Mechanistically, circSnx5 can act as a miR-544 sponge to attenuate miRNA-mediated target depression on suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and inhibit nuclear translocation of PU.1, regulating DC activation and function. Furthermore, the main splicing factors (SFs) were identified in DCs, of which heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) C was essential for circSnx5 generation. Moreover, our data demonstrated that vaccination with circSnx5-conditioned DCs prolonged cardiac allograft survival in mice and alleviated experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Taken together, our results revealed circSnx5 as a key modulator to fine-tune DC function, suggesting that circSnx5 may serve as a potential therapeutic avenue for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ge Mang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hanlu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Naixin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhonghua Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jinwei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mingyan E
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 50001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Nie H, Wang Y, Liao Z, Zhou J, Ou C. The function and mechanism of circular RNAs in gastrointestinal tumours. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12815. [PMID: 32515024 PMCID: PMC7377939 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumours are tumours that originate in the digestive tract and have extremely high morbidity and mortality. The main categories include: oesophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Circular RNAs are a new class of non‐coding RNAs with a covalent closed‐loop structure without a 5’ cap or a 3’ poly A tail, which can encode a small amount of polypeptide. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are involved in multiple biological processes during the development of gastrointestinal tumours including proliferation, invasion and metastasis, radio‐ and chemoresistance, and inflammatory responses. Also, the clinical and pathological characteristics of the patient, such as staging and lymph node metastasis, are closely associated with the expression level of circRNAs. Further investigation of the function and the role of circRNAs in the development of gastrointestinal tumours will provide new directions for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiming Liao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, the Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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63
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FcircSEC: An R Package for Full Length circRNA Sequence Extraction and Classification. Int J Genomics 2020; 2020:9084901. [PMID: 32566642 PMCID: PMC7285417 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9084901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are formed by joining the 3′ and 5′ ends of RNA molecules. Identification of circRNAs is an important part of circRNA research. The circRNA prediction methods can predict the circRNAs with start and end positions in the chromosome but cannot identify the full-length circRNA sequences. We present an R package FcircSEC (Full Length circRNA Sequence Extraction and Classification) to extract the full-length circRNA sequences based on gene annotation and the output of any circRNA prediction tools whose output has a chromosome, start and end positions, and a strand for each circRNA. To validate FcircSEC, we have used three databases, circbase, circRNAdb, and plantcircbase. With information such as the chromosome and strand of each circRNA as the input, the identified sequences by FcircSEC are consistent with the databases. The novelty of FcircSEC is that it can take the output of state-of-the-art circRNA prediction tools as input and is applicable for human and other species. We also classify the circRNAs as exonic, intronic, and others. The R package FcircSEC is freely available.
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Tu C, He J, Qi L, Ren X, Zhang C, Duan Z, Yang K, Wang W, Lu Q, Li Z. Emerging landscape of circular RNAs as biomarkers and pivotal regulators in osteosarcoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9037-9058. [PMID: 32452026 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma represents the most prevailing primary bone tumor and the third most common cancer in children and adolescents worldwide. Among noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) refer to a unique class in the shape of a covalently closed continuous loop with neither 5' caps nor 3'-polyadenylated tails, which are generated through back-splicing. Recently, with the development of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies, a growing number of circRNAs have been found aberrantly expressed in multiple diseases, including osteosarcoma. circRNA are capable of various biological functions including miRNA sponge, mediating alternatives, regulating genes at posttranscriptional levels, and interacting with proteins, indicating a pivotal role of circRNA in cancer initiation, progression, chemoresistance, and immune response. Moreover, circRNAs have been thrust into the spotlight as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma. Herein, we briefly summarize the origin and biogenesis of circRNA with current knowledge of circRNA in tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma, aiming to elucidate the specific role and clinical implication of circRNAs in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixi Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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65
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Fan XC, Liu TL, Wang Y, Wu XM, Wang YX, Lai P, Song JK, Zhao GH. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in chickens during Eimeria necatrix infection. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:167. [PMID: 32245514 PMCID: PMC7118956 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eimeria necatrix, the most highly pathogenic coccidian in chicken small intestines, can cause high morbidity and mortality in susceptible birds and devastating economic losses in poultry production, but the underlying molecular mechanisms in interaction between chicken and E. necatrix are not entirely revealed. Accumulating evidence shows that the long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators in various infectious diseases. However, the expression profiles and roles of these two non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) during E. necatrix infection are still unclear. METHODS The expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in mid-segments of chicken small intestines at 108 h post-infection (pi) with E. necatrix were analyzed by using the RNA-seq technique. RESULTS After strict filtering of raw data, we putatively identified 49,183 mRNAs, 818 lncRNAs and 4153 circRNAs. The obtained lncRNAs were classified into four types, including 228 (27.87%) intergenic, 67 (8.19%) intronic, 166 (20.29%) anti-sense and 357 (43.64%) sense-overlapping lncRNAs; of these, 571 were found to be novel. Five types were also predicted for putative circRNAs, including 180 exonic, 54 intronic, 113 antisense, 109 intergenic and 3697 sense-overlapping circRNAs. Eimeria necatrix infection significantly altered the expression of 1543 mRNAs (707 upregulated and 836 downregulated), 95 lncRNAs (49 upregulated and 46 downregulated) and 13 circRNAs (9 upregulated and 4 downregulated). Target predictions revealed that 38 aberrantly expressed lncRNAs would cis-regulate 73 mRNAs, and 1453 mRNAs could be trans-regulated by 87 differentially regulated lncRNAs. Additionally, 109 potential sponging miRNAs were also identified for 9 circRNAs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of target mRNAs for lncRNAs, and sponging miRNA targets and source genes for circRNAs identified associations of both lncRNAs and circRNAs with host immune defense and pathogenesis during E. necatrix infection. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first genome-wide analysis of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in chicken small intestines infected with E. necatrix. The obtained data will offer novel clues for exploring the interaction mechanisms between chickens and Eimeria spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Cheng Fan
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Center of Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Huyi District, Xi'an, 710300, China
| | - Ting-Li Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Peng Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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66
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Geng X, Lin X, Zhang Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Fang C, Wang H. Exosomal circular RNA sorting mechanisms and their function in promoting or inhibiting cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3369-3380. [PMID: 32269609 PMCID: PMC7114721 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles that can be artificially engineered into vectors for the treatment of cancer. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of non-coding RNA, has crucial regulatory functions in various aspects of cancer, such as tumorigenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemo- and radiotherapeutic resistance, as well as in cancer prognosis. Notably, the exosomal transfer of circRNAs may function to both promote and inhibit cancer. Numerous studies have addressed the importance of circRNAs in cancer and non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in exosomes. However, little research has focussed on a class of RNAs called exosomal circRNAs. The present review discusses current studies regarding exosomal circRNAs, including their biogenesis and biological functions, their abundance in exosomes and possible sorting mechanisms and their potential roles in both promoting and inhibiting cancer. It is predicted that in the next five years there will be increasing research exploring the functional mechanisms of exosomal circRNA in various diseases, in particular their roles in cancer genesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchao Geng
- Faculty of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Faculty of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Guo
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Faculty of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
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67
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Zhang L, Xu X, Su X. Noncoding RNAs in cancer immunity: functions, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical application. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:48. [PMID: 32122338 PMCID: PMC7050126 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that immune system is deeply involved in cancer initiation and progression, and can exert both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects, depending on specific microenvironment. With the better understanding of cancer-associated immune cells, especially T cells, immunotherapy was developed and applied in multiple cancers and exhibits remarkable efficacy. However, currently only a subset of patients have responses to immunotherapy, suggesting that a boarder view of cancer immunity is required. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are identified as critical regulators in both cancer cells and immune cells, thus show great potential to serve as new therapeutic targets to improve the response of immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the functions and regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in cancer immunity, and highlight the potential of ncRNAs as novel targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 1 Tong Dao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, FL, 33612-9497, USA
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 1 Tong Dao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Yu L, Wang Q, Liu N, Zhao J, Yu J, Tao S. Circular RNA circ‐Ttc3 protects HaCaT cells from hypoxic injury by downregulation of miR‐449a. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:505-514. [PMID: 32043754 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yu
- Ten Ward of Department of Hepatopathy, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoyan Wang
- Second Ward of Department of Hepatopathy, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Second Ward of Department of Hepatopathy, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Nine Ward of Department of Hepatopathy, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The 960th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shujun Tao
- Second Ward of Department of Hepatopathy, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Michaelidou K, Agelaki S, Mavridis K. Molecular markers related to immunosurveillance as predictive and monitoring tools in non-small cell lung cancer: recent accomplishments and future promises. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:335-344. [PMID: 32000550 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1724785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The landscape of systemic treatment options for lung cancer has rapidly evolved with the emergence of immunomodulatory agents such as neutralizing antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1). Another major breakthrough was the introduction of biomarkers, such as PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB), predicting response to immunotherapy. However, markers for monitoring treatment response are still lacking.Areas covered: PD-L1 and TMB represent static pre-treatment evaluations. Dynamic biomarkers are required, along with static ones, to accurately predict and monitor immunotherapy response and to discriminate between responders and non-responders early in the course of treatment. The tumor immune contexture offers potential candidates that can be tested through the liquid biopsy approach, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), RNA splice variants, and immune cell subsets.Expert opinion: A holistic approach combining information from tissue at the time of diagnosis and serial liquid biopsy data could lead to a novel combinatorial biomarker panel with enhanced treatment monitoring potential. Incorporating information from additional parts of the tumor-host ecosystem, such as metabolic markers and the microbiome is expected to provide added value to this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleita Michaelidou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
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Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhou Q, Chen C, Yuan W, Liu J, Li X, Sun Z. Roles of circRNAs in the tumour microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:14. [PMID: 31973726 PMCID: PMC6977266 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) constitutes the area surrounding the tumour during its development and has been demonstrated to play roles in cancer-related diseases through crosstalk with tumour cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subpopulation of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes and have multiple biological functions in the regulation of cancer onset and progression. An increasing number of studies have shown that circRNAs participate in the multifaceted biological regulation of the TME. However, details on the mechanisms involved have remained elusive until now. In this review, we analyse the effects of circRNAs on the TME from various perspectives, including immune surveillance, angiogenesis, hypoxia, matrix remodelling, exo-circRNAs and chemoradiation resistance. Currently, the enormous potential for circRNA use in targeted therapy and as noninvasive biomarkers have drawn our attention. We emphasize the prospect of targeting circRNAs as an essential strategy to regulate TME, overcome cancer resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuge Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Rezaei-Tavirani S, Asri N, Emamhadi M, Jahani-Sherafat S, Seyed Salehi A, Gholamrezaei Z, Lak E. Introducing GATA3 as a prominent player in Crohn's disease. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2020; 13:S53-S59. [PMID: 33585004 PMCID: PMC7881413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was aimed at gene assessment of Crohn's disease (CD) through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to find crucial genes. BACKGROUND CD is a major subtype of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which affects gastrointestinal tract. PPI network analysis is a suitable tool to clarify a critical gene as a drug target or diagnostic biomarker for these types of diseases. METHODS Gene expression profile GSE126124 of 20 CD patients and 20 healthy controls was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. RNA profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and colon biopsy samples of the studied groups was investigated. Crucial genes were selected and analyzed via the PPI network by Cytoscape software. Gene ontology enrichment for the hubs, bottlenecks, and hub-bottlenecks was performed via CluGO plugin of Cytoscape software. RESULTS Eighty-one differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among 250 initial DEGs were highlighted as significant by FC>2 and p-value ≤ 0.05, and 69 significant DEGs were used for PPI network construction. The network was characterized by poor connections, so 20 top neighbors were added to form a scale-free network. The main connected component included 39 query DEGs and 20 added first neighbors. Three clusters of biological processes associated with crucial genes were identified and discussed. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that GATA3 has a key role in CD pathogenesis and could be a possible drug target or diagnostic biomarker for Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MohammadAli Emamhadi
- Forensic Medicine Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Seyed Salehi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamrezaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Lak
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ren C, Liu J, Zheng B, Yan P, Sun Y, Yue B. The circular RNA circ-ITCH acts as a tumour suppressor in osteosarcoma via regulating miR-22. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:3359-3367. [PMID: 31387405 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1649273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevailing primary bone tumour and the third prevalent tumour in children and adolescents. Despite advanced treatments, the survival rate of OS has not been effectively improved. Here, we intended to investigate the functional impacts of circ-ITCH on OS. Methods: Circ-ITCH expression in OS tissues and cells was evaluated utilizing qRT-PCR. Viability and proliferation of MG63 and Saos-2 cells were determined by utilizing CCK-8 assay and BrdU assay. Transwell assay was utilized to investigate migration and invasion. Western blot was utilized to distinguish apoptosis and metastasis-related proteins expression. Sequentially, the above-mentioned parameters were reassessed when up-regulating miR-22. Results: Circ-ITCH was low expressed in OS tissues and cells. Overexpressing circ-ITCH facilitated apoptosis and repressed viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in MG63 and Saos-2 cells. MiR-22 expression was reduced by overexpressing circ-ITCH. The decline of viability, proliferation, migration and invasion made by overexpressing circ-ITCH was alleviated by up-regulating miR-22. Conclusively, circ-ITCH suppressed PTEN/PI3K/AKT and SP-1 pathways via down-regulating miR-22. Conclusion: Circ-ITCH took effects on apoptosis, viability, proliferation, migration and invasion through restraining PTEN/PI3K/AKT and SP-1 pathways via down-regulating miR-22 in MG63 and Saos-2 cells. Highlights Low expression of circ-ITCH is observed in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines; Overexpression circ-ITCH suppresses miR-22 expression; Circ-ITCH promotes proliferation and represses apoptosis by up-regulating miR-22; Circ-ITCH promotes migration and invasion by up-regulating miR-22; Circ-ITCH activates PTEN/PI3K/AKT and SP-1 pathways by up-regulating miR-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongmin Ren
- a Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Jia Liu
- b Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Bingxin Zheng
- a Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Peng Yan
- a Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Yuerong Sun
- a Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Bin Yue
- a Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
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Guo X, Jin W, Chang C, Ding Y, Wang Y, Li L, Chen Y, Zhang J, Xu C, Chen G, Guo J. Large-scale quantitative genomics analyzes the circRNA expression profile and identifies the key circRNA in regulating cell proliferation during the proliferation phase of rat LR. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2957-2966. [PMID: 31315467 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1640710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have been exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying the control of liver regeneration (LR). However, an integrated analysis of circRNAs expression of rat regenerating livers during the proliferation phase has not been performed yet. For this purpose, circRNAs expression profile was globally analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. It showed that 10,003 circRNAs were detected, and 164 circRNAs were differentially expressed. Subsequently, 27 circRNAs were predicted to bind to 58 candidate miRNAs and compete for miRNA-binding sites with 2195 mRNAs. By applying GO and KEGG analysis, it was predicted that these circRNAs significantly participated in tissue regeneration, regulation of cell proliferation and Ras, p53, Wnt, Jak-STAT, MAPK signalling pathways. Based on the number of the corresponding miRNAs and their role enriched and reported in cell proliferation of LR or hepatocellular carcinoma, four kinds of circRNAs (circ_03848, circ_08236, circ_13398 and circ_15013) were considered as the key circRNAs. The predicted competing endogenous RNA networks and bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential role of these circRNAs in LR, which would provide useful information for understanding the mechanism of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Guo
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Wei Jin
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Yi Ding
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Yahao Wang
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Lifei Li
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- c Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
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CircPTPRA acts as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer by sponging miR-636 and upregulating KLF9. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11314-11328. [PMID: 31821171 PMCID: PMC6932899 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in cancer progression. In this study, bioinformatic analysis identified a dysregulated circRNA termed circPTPRA in bladder cancer (BC). By using qRT-PCR analysis, we verified that circPTPRA is down-regulated in clinical BC specimens compared with the matched non-tumor samples, while correlation analyses showed that low circPTPRA expression is associated with poor prognosis, advanced tumor stage and larger tumor size. Based on these findings, we conducted functional assays and revealed that circPTPRA inhibits BC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, RNA pull-down, miRNA capture, FISH, and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that circPTPRA can directly sponge miR-636. Cell transfection experiments showed that miR-636 promotes the proliferation of BC cells by decreasing the expression of Krüppel Like Factor 9 (KLF9) upon binding to the 3’UTR of its mRNA. Further analysis confirmed that circPTPRA competitively sponges miR-636 to upregulate the KLF9 expression, leading to decreased proliferation of BC cells. Our investigation indicates that circPTPRA acts as a tumor suppressor in BC, and suggests that this circRNA may be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in BC.
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75
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Rui X, Shao S, Wang L, Leng J. Identification of recurrence marker associated with immune infiltration in prostate cancer with radical resection and build prognostic nomogram. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1179. [PMID: 31795990 PMCID: PMC6892211 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some historic breakthroughs have been made in immunotherapy of advanced cancer. However, there is still little research on immunotherapy in prostate cancer. We explored the relationship between immune cell infiltration and prostate cancer recurrence and tried to provide new ideas for the treatment of prostate cancer. Methods Prostate cancer RNA-seq data and clinical information were downloaded from the TCGA database and GEO database. The infiltration of 24 immune cells in tissues was quantified by ssGSEA. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen for immune cell types associated with tumor recurrence, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and LASSO were used to identify hub genes which regulate prognosis in patients through immune infiltration. Then, the nomogram was constructed based on the hub gene to predict the recurrence of prostate cancer, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to compare the accuracy with the PSA and Gleason prediction models. Result Analysis showed that Th2 cells and Tcm related to prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy, and they are independent protective factors for recurrence. Through WGCNA and Lasso, we identified that NDUFA13, UQCR11, and USP34 involved in the infiltration of Th2 cells and Tcm in tumor tissues, and the expression of genes is related to the recurrence of patients. Based on the above findings, we constructed a clinical prediction model and mapped a nomogram, which has better sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer recurrence prediction, and performed better in comparison with PSA and Gleason’s predictions. Conclusion The immune cells Th2 cells and Tcm are associated with recurrence of PCa. Moreover, the genes NDUFA13, UQCR11, and USP34 may affect the recurrence of PCa by affecting the infiltration of Th2 cells and Tcm. Moreover, nomogram can make prediction effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Rui
- Department of Urology, HwaMei hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), 41 Xibei Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Siliang Shao
- Department of Urology, HwaMei hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), 41 Xibei Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, HwaMei hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), 41 Xibei Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiangyong Leng
- Department of Urology, HwaMei hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), 41 Xibei Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang Province, China.
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76
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Wang Y, Xu R, Zhang D, Lu T, Yu W, Wo Y, Liu A, Sui T, Cui J, Qin Y, Dong Y, Leng X, Kong D, Du W, Huang Z, Su W, Yuan T, Sun X, Wang J, Jiao W. Circ-ZKSCAN1 regulates FAM83A expression and inactivates MAPK signaling by targeting miR-330-5p to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:862-875. [PMID: 32010565 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a new type of endogenous non-coding RNA and plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Circ-ZKSCAN1 (hsa_circ_0001727) has been proven to be a tumor-dependent circRNA. However, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been underreported. Methods The expression patterns of circ-ZKSCAN1 were determined using qRT-PCR in NSCLC samples and cell lines. Cell proliferation was examined utilizing the CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using the Transwell assay. The combination of circ-ZKSCAN1 and miR-330-5p in NSCLC cells was analyzed by RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assay. We used the bioinformatics software circbank, CircInteractome, TargetScan and Miranda to predict circRNA-miRNA and miRNA-mRNA interactions. Results Our results showed that circ-ZKSCAN1 was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC, closely related to malignant characteristics and poor prognosis, and clinically related to tumor size and clinical stage. Subsequent experiments showed that circ-ZKSCAN1 could inhibit the growth of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, circ-ZKSCAN1 can act as a sponge of carcinogenic miR-330-5p to increase the expression of FAM83A, resulting in the inhibition of MAPK signal transduction pathway, thus promoting the progress of NSCLC. Interestingly, the increase in FAM83A expression caused by circ-ZKSCAN1 overexpression could in turn promote the expression of circ-ZKSCAN1. Conclusions Circ-ZKSCAN1 is a key positive regulator of NSCLC, and clarifies the potential molecular mechanism of the new circ-ZKSCAN1/miR-330-5p/FAM83A feedback loop in promoting the progress of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Rongjian Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yang Wo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tianyi Sui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yanting Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoliang Leng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wenxing Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wenhao Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tianxiang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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77
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Shi S, Zhang S, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wu D. Silencing circANKRD36 protects H9c2 cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced injury via up-regulating miR-138. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 111:104300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhong Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Hu Y, Sun C, Liao J, Wang G. Identification of long non-coding RNA and circular RNA in mice after intra-tracheal instillation with fine particulate matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:519-526. [PMID: 31276865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been proved to be associated with respiratory diseases in epidemiological studies, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. One of the most important mechanisms involved is inflammation. Non-coding RNAs are proposed to play crucial roles in epigenetic modulation and post-transcriptional regulation. Identification of non-coding RNAs can show us the new insight into the molecular toxicity of PM2.5. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intra-tracheal instillation of saline or PM2.5 was performed in BALB/c Mice once a week for consecutive eight weeks. Genomewide transcriptome profiling of coding genes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in mice lung were done by ribosomal RNA-depleted RNA sequencing. Lung histological alternations were observed in haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining sections. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were quantified by qRT-PCR、ELISA and Western blot. RESULTS 1873 coding genes, 885 lncRNAs and 142 circRNAs were differentially expressed in lung tissues of the saline and PM2.5 exposed mice. The upregulated expressions of lncRNA NONMMUT065867, lncRNA NONMMUT064312, lncRNA NONMMUT018123 and the downregulated expressions of circRNA CBT15_circR_1011, circRNA mm9_circ_005915 were identified by qRT-PCR in PM2.5 group. The pulmonary inflammation score was higher in PM2.5 group. What's more, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome were upregulated in PM2.5 exposed mice. CONCLUSION PM2.5 causes lung inflammation and increases the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. The identified novel lncRNAs and circRNAs may paly important role in the development of lung inflammation caused by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijue Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiping Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Wang M, Gao Y, Liu J. Silencing circZFR inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of human renal carcinoma cells by regulating miR-206. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7537-7550. [PMID: 31571906 PMCID: PMC6750881 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s215012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent kind of kidney cancer. At present, the most efficient treatment mean is surgery. 40% patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) relapse after surgery. Identifying novel therapeutic markers and spots for early detection and treatment of RCC is necessary. Methods qRT-PCR was utilized to quantify circZFR and miR-206 expression in CAKI-1 and ACHN cells. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Colony formation capacity was measured by colony formation assay. Transwell assay was utilized to investigate migration and invasion capacity. Expression of migration and apoptosis-associated proteins was quantified by Western blot. Results As a result, circZFR was highly expressed in RCC tissues and cells. Si-circZFR suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion of experimental cells. In addition, knockdown of circZFR upregulated miR-206 expression. Moreover, the antigrowth, antimigrating and anti-invasive effects of si-circZFR were attenuated when downregulating miR-206. Furthermore, Met is the target gene of miR-206 in experimental cells. The suppression on these signaling pathways was acted by targeting miR-206/Met axis. Conclusion The results demonstrated si-circZFR inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion in experimental cells by up-regulating of miR-206. Furthermore, si-circZFR suppressed Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT pathways via targeting miR-206/Met axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Gao
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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80
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ERα-mediated alterations in circ_0023642 and miR-490-5p signaling suppress bladder cancer invasion. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:635. [PMID: 31455760 PMCID: PMC6712013 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show obvious gender differences in the incidence and the prognosis of bladder cancer (BCa). Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) was recently shown to play a protective role in BCa. However, the mechanisms by which ERα mediates BCa progression need to be further elucidated. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms by which ERα inhibits BCa invasion by modulating circRNA levels. ERα suppressed BCa invasion by decreasing circ_0023642 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays revealed that ERα reduced circ_0023642 expression by regulating the expression of its host gene, UVRAG, at the transcriptional level. ERα decreased circ_0023642 levels and subsequently increased miR-490-5p expression, resulting in decreased EGFR expression to suppress BCa cell invasion. Circ_0023642 was demonstrated to directly bind to miR-490-5p. Notably, miR-490-5p regulated EGFR expression by binding to the miR-490-5p-binding site located in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the EGFR mRNA. Preclinical studies using an in vivo mouse model also confirmed that this ERα/circ_0023642/miR-490-5p/EGFR signaling pathway suppressed BCa progression. Altogether, this newly identified pathway may serve as the basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat BCa.
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81
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Hao S, Cong L, Qu R, Liu R, Zhang G, Li Y. Emerging roles of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4765-4777. [PMID: 31354303 PMCID: PMC6590902 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s208235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenous non-coding RNAs. Owing to the development of high-throughput sequencing, researchers have identified thousands of circRNAs. Emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs are involved in various tumor cell processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Because of their high stability and abundance, tissue-specific expression, and easy detection, circRNAs are considered ideal biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. An increasing number of studies have recently demonstrated that circRNAs are closely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of CRC is vital. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding human circRNAs related to CRC and present an overview of the potential clinical implications of circRNAs with respect to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Hao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cong
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Qu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Feng Z, Meng S, Zhou H, Xu Z, Tang Y, Li P, Liu C, Huang Y, Wu M. Functions and Potential Applications of Circular RNAs in Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:500. [PMID: 31263676 PMCID: PMC6584801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were discovered in the 1970s, but they have drawn increasing attention in recent years. Currently, we know that circRNAs are not "wrongly spliced" during transcription but play important roles in the initiation and development of various diseases, including cancers. Recently, a growing number of studies have suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to the origination and maintenance of cancers. This review briefly introduces the major functions of circRNAs, including interacting with other noncoding RNAs, competing with pre-mRNA splicing, binding with proteins to form a scaffold, promoting protein nuclear translocation and even translating proteins in a cap-independent manner. Furthermore, we describe the regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in CSC phenotypes and discuss the potential clinical applications of circRNAs in CSC-targeted therapy, including functioning as new biomarkers, acting as vaccines and breaking the therapeutic resistance of CSCs. Finally, we discuss the major limitations and challenges in the field, which will be beneficial for the future clinical use of circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Feng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujuan Meng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hecheng Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zihao Xu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongkai Huang
- The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
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83
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Bach DH, Lee SK, Sood AK. Circular RNAs in Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:118-129. [PMID: 30861414 PMCID: PMC6411617 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded closed RNA molecules that are formed by precursor mRNA back-splicing or skipping events of thousands of genes in eukaryotes as covalently closed continuous loops. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches have uncovered the broad expression of circRNAs across species. Their high stability, abundance, and evolutionary conservation among species points to their distinct properties and diverse cellular functions as efficient microRNAs and protein sponges; they also play important roles in modulating transcription and splicing. Additionally, most circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in pathological conditions and in a tissue-specific manner such as development and progression of cancer. Herein, we highlight the characteristics, functions, and mechanisms of action of circRNAs in cancer; we also provide an overview of recent progress in the circRNA field and future application of circRNAs as cancer biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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84
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Liu MA. A Comparison of Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E37. [PMID: 31022829 PMCID: PMC6631684 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comparison of the theoretical issues and experimental findings for plasmid DNA and mRNA vaccine technologies. While both have been under development since the 1990s, in recent years, significant excitement has turned to mRNA despite the licensure of several veterinary DNA vaccines. Both have required efforts to increase their potency either via manipulating the plasmid DNA and the mRNA directly or through the addition of adjuvants or immunomodulators as well as delivery systems and formulations. The greater inherent inflammatory nature of the mRNA vaccines is discussed for both its potential immunological utility for vaccines and for the potential toxicity. The status of the clinical trials of mRNA vaccines is described along with a comparison to DNA vaccines, specifically the immunogenicity of both licensed veterinary DNA vaccines and select DNA vaccine candidates in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Liu
- ProTherImmune, 3656 Happy Valley Road, Lafayette, CA 94549, USA.
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85
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Mao W, Huang X, Wang L, Zhang Z, Liu M, Li Y, Luo M, Yao X, Fan J, Geng J. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0068871 regulates FGFR3 expression and activates STAT3 by targeting miR-181a-5p to promote bladder cancer progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:169. [PMID: 30999937 PMCID: PMC6472097 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FGFR3 plays an important role in the development of bladder cancer (BCa). Hsa_circ_0068871 is a circRNA generated from several exons of FGFR3. However, the potential functional role of hsa_circ_0068871 in BCa remains largely unknown. Here we aim to evaluate the role of hsa_circ_0068871 in BCa. METHODS We selected miR-181a-5p as the potential target miRNA of hsa_circ_0068871. The expression levels of hsa_circ_0068871 and miR-181a-5p were examined in BCa tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. To characterize the function of hsa_circ_0068871, BCa cell lines were stably infected with lentivirus targeting hsa_circ_0068871, followed by examinations of cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In addition, xenografts experiment in nude mice were performed to evaluate the effect of hsa_circ_0068871 in BCa. Biotinylated RNA probe pull-down assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to confirm the relationship between hsa_circ_0068871, miR-181a-5p and FGFR3. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0068871 is over-expressed in BCa tissues and cell lines, whereas miR-181a-5p expression is repressed. Depletion of has_circ_0068871 or upregulation of miR-181a-5p inhibited the proliferation and migration of BCa cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0068871 upregulated FGFR3 expression and activated STAT3 by targeting miR-181a-5p to promote BCa progression. CONCLUSIONS Hsa_circ_0068871 regulates the miR-181a-5p/FGFR3 axis and activates STAT3 to promote BCa progression, and it may serve as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jiang Geng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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86
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Chen X, Yang T, Wang W, Xi W, Zhang T, Li Q, Yang A, Wang T. Circular RNAs in immune responses and immune diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:588-607. [PMID: 30809295 PMCID: PMC6376182 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel clusters of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are widely expressed in eukaryotic cells. In contrast to the generation of linear RNA transcripts, circRNAs undergo a "back-splicing" process to form a continuous, covalently closed, stable loop structure without 5' or 3' polarities and poly (A) tails during posttranscriptional modification. Due to the widespread availability of several technologies, especially high-throughput RNA sequencing, numerous circRNAs have been discovered not only in mammals but also in plants and insects. Notably, due to their abilities to serve as microRNA (miRNA) "sponges", miRNA "reservoirs", regulate gene expression and encode proteins, circRNAs participate in the development and progression of different immune responses and immune diseases by enriching various forms of epigenetic modification. CircRNAs have been demonstrated to be expressed in a tissue-specific and pathogenesis-related manner during the occurrence of multiple immune diseases. Additionally, because of their circular configurations, expression in blood and peripheral tissues and coexistence with exosomes, circRNAs show inherent conservation along with environmental resistance stability and may be regarded as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for some immune diseases. In this review, we summarize the characteristics, functions and mechanisms of circRNAs and their involvement in immune responses and diseases. Although our knowledge of circRNAs remains preliminary, this field is worthy of deeper exploration and greater research efforts.
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87
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Yang L, Fu J, Zhou Y. Circular RNAs and Their Emerging Roles in Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2977. [PMID: 30619334 PMCID: PMC6305292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (circRNAs) are covalently closed loop RNA molecules with no 5' end caps or 3' poly (A) tails, which are generated by back-splicing. Originally, circRNAs were considered to be byproducts of aberrant splicing. However, in recent years, development of high-throughput sequencing has led to gradual recognition of functional circRNAs, and increasing numbers of studies have elucidated their roles in cancer, neurologic diseases, and cardiovascular disorders. Nevertheless, studies of the functions of circRNAs in the immune system are relatively scarce. In this review, we detail relevant research on the biogenesis and classification of circRNAs, describe their functional mechanisms and approaches to their investigation, and summarize recent studies of circRNA function in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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Circular RNA circMYO9B facilitates breast cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness via upregulating FOXP4 expression by sponging miR-4316. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 653:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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89
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Bian A, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang X, Liu D, Jiang J, Ding L, Hui X. Circular RNA Complement Factor H (CFH) Promotes Glioma Progression by Sponging miR-149 and Regulating AKT1. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5704-5712. [PMID: 30111766 PMCID: PMC6108270 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed in mammals and can regulate the development and progression of human tumors. has_circ_0015758 (circ-CFH) is an exon circRNA transcript from the GRCh37/hg19 fragment of chromosome 1 and is homologous to the protein-coding gene complement factor H (CFH). Currently, the function of circ-CFH in glioma remains unclear. Material/Methods In our study, circ-CFH, miR-149, and Akt1 mRNA expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR assays. To investigate the function of circ-CFH in cell proliferation, circ-CFH knockdown models were established by using circ-CFH siRNAs. Cell proliferation abilities were measured by CCK-8 and colony formation assays and in vivo experiments. In addition, the interaction between circ-CFH and miR-149 was assessed by luciferase reporter assays. Results Circ-CFH expression was significantly upregulated in glioma tissue and was correlated with tumor grade. Circ-CFH expression levels were also markedly higher in U251 and U373 glioma cell lines. Circ-CFH knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation abilities. Luciferase assays indicated that circ-CFH functions as a miR-149 sponge and inhibits its function in U251 and U373 cells. Subsequently, AKT1 was identified as a direct target of the circ-CFH/miR-149 axis. Conclusions Circ-CFH promotes glioma progression by sponging miR-149 and regulating the AKT1 signaling pathway. The circ-CFH/miR-149/AKT1 regulation axis may be a potential target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimiao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Dai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobo Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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90
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Zhou Y, Lv X, Qu H, Zhao K, Fu L, Zhu L, Ye G, Guo J. Preliminary screening and functional analysis of circular RNAs associated with hepatic stellate cell activation. Gene 2018; 677:317-323. [PMID: 30118889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen for circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are associated with the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) by monitoring changes in liver circRNA expression in a model of liver fibrosis. METHODS The classic mouse model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis was established and validated by histopathological examination. JS1 cells were activated by TGF-β1 to model HSC activation in vitro. Differentially expressed circRNAs in the fibrotic liver tissues and JS1 cells were determined using circRNA microarray, and some of those circRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR. The target genes of the above circRNAs were then predicted by bioinformatics analysis and summarized into a "circRNA-miRNA-mRNA" network diagram. Constructed plasmid mmu_circ_34116 siRNA was transfected to JS1 cells by Lipo2000, then we detected the expression changes of α-SMA. RESULTS A total of 10,389 circRNAs were identified by microarray screening, and 69 differentially expressed circRNAs were detected in the fibrotic liver tissues with >2-fold difference in expression level relative to normal liver tissues (P < 0.05); 14 circRNAs were up-regulated and 55 were down-regulated. Five differentially expressed circRNAs in fibrotic liver and JS1 cells were verified by RT-qPCR, while all five showed similar trends with the microarray results in the liver, only 3 circRNAs in the JS1 activation model were consistent with the microarray results while one showed no significant change and one circRNA was not detected. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the "mmu_circ_34116/miR-22-3P/BMP7" signal axis might be involved in the activation of HSC. Transfection experiment confirmed that the expression of α-SMA is significantly elevated as a result of inhibitory expression of mmu_circ_34116. CONCLUSION The circRNAs expression profile of liver tissue had changed in fibrosis mouse model, and some of these circRNAs may be associated with HSC activation. For instance, mmu_circ_34116 would inhibit HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
| | - Xueyou Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Hui Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Kekai Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Liyun Fu
- Department of Hepatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Linwen Zhu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology Technology Research, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Junming Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology Technology Research, Ningbo 315211, China
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91
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Jin X, Wang Z, Pang W, Zhou J, Liang Y, Yang J, Yang L, Zhang Q. Upregulated hsa_circ_0004458 Contributes to Progression of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Inhibition of miR-885-5p and Activation of RAC1. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5488-5500. [PMID: 30086127 PMCID: PMC6094983 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs, may act as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of various cancers. However, the effects of hsa_circ_0004458 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are still very much unclear. We aimed to demonstrate the potential roles of hsa_circ_0004458 in the progression of PTC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our study, qRT-PCR assay was performed to assess hsa_circ_0004458, miR-885-5p and RAC1 expressions. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the regulatory effects of hsa_circ_0004458 on miR-885-5p, and miR-885-5p on RAC1. MTT and flow cytometry assays were used to measure the cell proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis abilities. Tumor formation assay in nude mice was performed to measure the tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Our results indicated that hsa_circ_0004458 was upregulated in PTC tissues and cells, while silencing of hsa_circ_0004458 suppressed PTC cell proliferation and promoted PTC cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro. Tumor formation assay in nude mice showed that knockdown of hsa_circ_0004458 by siRNAs inhibited the growth of PTC tumor in vivo. In addition, we found that miR-885-5p was a direct target of hsa_circ_0004458, and silencing of hsa_circ_0004458 inhibited PTC cell proliferation by miR-885-5p. We also demonstrated that RAC1 was a direct target of miR-885-5p and silencing of RAC1 suppressed PTC cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We found that hsa_circ_0004458 promoted the progression of PTC by inhibition of miR-885-5p and activation of RAC1, and hsa_circ_0004458 may serve as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wenyang Pang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jingjin Yang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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92
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Sheng JQ, Liu L, Wang MR, Li PY. Circular RNAs in digestive system cancer: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1142-1156. [PMID: 30094090 PMCID: PMC6079158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a series of special closed circular RNA molecules with stability and conservatism. In recent years, advances in high-throughput RNA sequencing technology have led to explosive discovery of circRNAs in different types of species and cells. Moreover, circRNAs can accomplish a remarkable multitude of biological functions, such as regulating transcription or splicing, serving as miRNA sponges, interacting with RNA-binding proteins, and translating proteins. Meanwhile, circRNAs involve in the biogenesis and development of many diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, nervous system disorders, cancers, etc. Herein, we discuss the latest research progress of circRNA, as well as their diagnostic and prognostic significance in digestive system cancers. In addition, this paper highlights that circRNAs might serve as potential therapeutic targets for novel drugs by taking digestive system cancer as an illustrative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Sheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Mu-Ru Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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93
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Jiang Y, Wang T, Yan L, Qu L. A novel prognostic biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: hsa_circ_0001649. Gene 2018; 675:88-93. [PMID: 29969694 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with increasing incidence worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) behave as a novel class of transcription products during multiple cancer processes. Specifically, hsa_circ_0001649 has been reported to be down-regulated in several cancers. However, its clinical significance and functional roles in PDAC is still unknown. RT-qPCR was carried out to measure the expression of hsa_circ_0001649 in PDAC tissue samples and cell lines. Additionally, the correlation between hsa_circ_0001649 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The prognostic role of hsa_circ_0001649 was explored by Cox regression analysis. The potential effects of hsa_circ_0001649 in PDAC cells were evaluated in vitro including cell proliferation, colony-forming ability and apoptosis. As a result, hsa_circ_0001649 was abnormally decreased in PDAC tissues and cells, and this down-regulation was correlated with tumor stage and differentiation grade in PDAC patients. Hsa_circ_0001649 could serve as an independent prognostic factor for PDAC patients after surgery. What's more, increased hsa_circ_0001649 caused tumor suppressive effects via reducing cell proliferation, colony-forming ability and promoting cell apoptosis in PANC1 and BxPC3 cells. Collectively, the results illustrated that hsa_circ_0001649 may play a tumor suppressor role in PDAC and offer a potential therapeutic target for treating this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150036, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150036, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150036, China
| | - Lijuan Qu
- Department of Dean's Office, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150036, China.
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94
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Circular RNAs function as ceRNAs to regulate and control human cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:79. [PMID: 29626935 PMCID: PMC5889847 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are connected at the 3′ and 5′ ends by exon or intron cyclization, forming a complete ring structure. circRNA is more stable and conservative than linear RNA and abounds in various organisms. In recent years, increasing numbers of reports have found that circRNA plays a major role in the biological functions of a network of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). circRNAs can compete together with microRNAs (miRNAs) to influence the stability of target RNAs or their translation, thus, regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level. circRNAs are involved in biological processes such as tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration as ceRNAs. circRNAs, therefore, represent promising candidates for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Here, we review the progress in studying the role of circRNAs as ceRNAs in tumors and highlight the participation of circRNAs in signal transduction pathways to regulate cellular functions.
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95
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Ma X, Yang X, Bao W, Li S, Liang S, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Wang J, Zhao C. Circular RNA circMAN2B2 facilitates lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion via miR-1275/FOXK1 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:1009-1015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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