51
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Gentile ME, Li Y, Robertson A, Shah K, Fontes G, Kaufmann E, Polese B, Khan N, Parisien M, Munter HM, Mandl JN, Diatchenko L, Divangahi M, King IL. NK cell recruitment limits tissue damage during an enteric helminth infection. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:357-370. [PMID: 31776431 PMCID: PMC7039810 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic helminths cause significant damage as they migrate through host tissues to complete their life cycle. While chronic helminth infections are characterized by a well-described Type 2 immune response, the early, tissue-invasive stages are not well understood. Here we investigate the immune pathways activated during the early stages of Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb), a natural parasitic roundworm of mice. In contrast to the Type 2 immune response present at later stages of infection, a robust Type 1 immune signature including IFNg production was dominant at the time of parasite invasion and granuloma formation. This early response was associated with an accumulation of activated Natural Killer (NK) cells, with no increase of other innate lymphoid cell populations. Parabiosis and confocal microscopy studies indicated that NK cells were recruited from circulation to the small intestine, where they surrounded parasitic larvae. NK cell recruitment required IFNγ receptor signaling, but was independent of CXCR3 expression. The depletion of tissue-infiltrating NK cells altered neither worm burden nor parasite fitness, but increased vascular injury, suggesting a role for NK cells in mediating tissue protection. Together, these data identify an unexpected role for NK cells in promoting disease tolerance during the invasive stage of an enteric helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Gentile
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Yue Li
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Amicha Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- NYU Medical School, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kathleen Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, England
| | - Ghislaine Fontes
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Eva Kaufmann
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Barbara Polese
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nargis Khan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marc Parisien
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Hans M Munter
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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52
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Oliva J, Mettier J, Sedano L, Delverdier M, Bourgès-Abella N, Hause B, Loupias J, Pardo I, Bleuart C, Bordignon PJ, Meunier E, Le Goffic R, Meyer G, Ducatez MF. Murine Model for the Study of Influenza D Virus. J Virol 2020; 94:e01662-19. [PMID: 31776281 PMCID: PMC6997775 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01662-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel genus within the Orthomyxoviridae family was identified in the United States and named influenza D virus (IDV). Bovines have been proposed to be the primary host, and three main viral lineages (D/OK-like, D/660-like, and D/Japan-like) have been described. Experimental infections had previously been performed in swine, ferrets, calves, and guinea pigs in order to study IDV pathogenesis. We developed a murine experimental model to facilitate the study of IDV pathogenesis and the immune response. DBA/2 mice were inoculated with 105 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of D/bovine/France/5920/2014 (D/OK-like). No clinical signs or weight loss were observed. Viral replication was observed mainly in the upper respiratory tract (nasal turbinates) but also in the lower respiratory tract of infected mice, with a peak at 4 days postinfection. Moreover, the virus was also detected in the intestines. All infected mice seroconverted by 14 days postinfection. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that IDV induced the activation of proinflammatory genes, such as gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and CCL2. Inoculation of NF-κB-luciferase and Ifnar1-/- mice demonstrated that IDV induced mild inflammation and that a type I interferon response was not necessary in IDV clearance. Adaptation of IDV by serial passages in mice was not sufficient to induce disease or increased pathogenesis. Taken together, present data and comparisons with the calf model show that our mouse model allows for the study of IDV replication and fitness (before selected viruses may be inoculated on calves) and also of the immune response.IMPORTANCE Influenza D virus (IDV), a new genus of Orthomyxoviridae family, presents a large host range and a worldwide circulation. The pathogenicity of this virus has been studied in the calf model. The mouse model is frequently used to enable a first assessment of a pathogen's fitness, replication, and pathogenesis for influenza A and B viruses. We showed that DBA/2 mice are a relevant in vivo model for the study of IDV replication. This model will allow for rapid IDV fitness and replication evaluation and will enable phenotypic comparisons between isolated viruses. It will also allow for a better understanding of the immune response induced after IDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oliva
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - J Mettier
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR0892), INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - L Sedano
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR0892), INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M Delverdier
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - B Hause
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - J Loupias
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - I Pardo
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - C Bleuart
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - P J Bordignon
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - E Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - R Le Goffic
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR0892), INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - G Meyer
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - M F Ducatez
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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53
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe lower respiratory tract infections especially in infants, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly and is the most common cause of infant hospitalisation in the developed world. The immune responses against RSV are crucial for viral control and clearance but, if dysregulated, can also result in immunopathology and impaired gas exchange. Lung immunity to RSV and other respiratory viruses begins with the recruitment of immune cells from the bloodstream into the lungs. This inflammatory process is controlled largely by chemokines, which are small proteins that are produced in response to innate immune detection of the virus or the infection process. These chemokines serve as chemoattractants for granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and other leukocytes. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field of RSV infection and disease, focusing on how chemokines regulate virus-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Nuriev
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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54
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Le Gars M, Seiler C, Kay AW, Bayless NL, Starosvetsky E, Moore L, Shen-Orr SS, Aziz N, Khatri P, Dekker CL, Swan GE, Davis MM, Holmes S, Blish CA. Pregnancy-Induced Alterations in NK Cell Phenotype and Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2469. [PMID: 31708922 PMCID: PMC6820503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to complications of influenza A virus infection, which may result from pregnancy-induced changes in the function of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. To better understand NK cell function during pregnancy, we assessed the ability of the two main subsets of NK cells, CD56dim, and CD56bright NK cells, to respond to influenza-virus infected cells and tumor cells. During pregnancy, CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells displayed enhanced functional responses to both infected and tumor cells, with increased expression of degranulation markers and elevated frequency of NK cells producing IFN-γ. To better understand the mechanisms driving this enhanced function, we profiled CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells from pregnant and non-pregnant women using mass cytometry. NK cells from pregnant women displayed significantly increased expression of several functional and activation markers such as CD38 on both subsets and NKp46 on CD56dim NK cells. NK cells also displayed diminished expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 during pregnancy. Overall, these data demonstrate that functional and phenotypic shifts occur in NK cells during pregnancy that can influence the magnitude of the immune response to both infections and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Le Gars
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Alexander W Kay
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas L Bayless
- Department of Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Elina Starosvetsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lindsay Moore
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai S Shen-Orr
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natali Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Gary E Swan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
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55
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The Role of Innate Leukocytes during Influenza Virus Infection. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8028725. [PMID: 31612153 PMCID: PMC6757286 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8028725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is a serious threat to humans and animals, with the potential to cause severe pneumonia and death. Annual vaccination strategies are a mainstay to prevent complications related to influenza. However, protection from the emerging subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAV) even in vaccinated individuals is challenging. Innate immune cells are the first cells to respond to IAV infection in the respiratory tract. Virus replication-induced production of cytokines from airway epithelium recruits innate immune cells to the site of infection. These leukocytes, namely, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and γδ T cells, become activated in response to IAV, to contain the virus and protect the airway epithelium while triggering the adaptive arm of the immune system. This review addresses different anti-influenza virus schemes of innate immune cells and how these cells fine-tune the balance between immunoprotection and immunopathology during IAV infection. Detailed understanding on how these innate responders execute anti-influenza activity will help to identify novel therapeutic targets to halt IAV replication and associated immunopathology.
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56
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McKinstry KK, Alam F, Flores-Malavet V, Nagy MZ, Sell S, Cooper AM, Swain SL, Strutt TM. Memory CD4 T cell-derived IL-2 synergizes with viral infection to exacerbate lung inflammation. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007989. [PMID: 31412088 PMCID: PMC6693742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the most penetrating correlates of protective memory T cells is key for designing improved vaccines and T cell therapies. Here, we evaluate how interleukin (IL-2) production by memory CD4 T cells, a widely held indicator of their protective potential, impacts immune responses against murine influenza A virus (IAV). Unexpectedly, we show that IL-2-deficient memory CD4 T cells are more effective on a per cell basis at combating IAV than wild-type memory cells that produce IL-2. Improved outcomes orchestrated by IL-2-deficient cells include reduced weight loss and improved respiratory function that correlate with reduced levels of a broad array of inflammatory factors in the infected lung. Blocking CD70-CD27 signals to reduce CD4 T cell IL-2 production tempers the inflammation induced by wild-type memory CD4 T cells and improves the outcome of IAV infection in vaccinated mice. Finally, we show that IL-2 administration drives rapid and extremely potent lung inflammation involving NK cells, which can synergize with sublethal IAV infection to promote acute death. These results suggest that IL-2 production is not necessarily an indicator of protective CD4 T cells, and that the lung environment is particularly sensitive to IL-2-induced inflammation during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kai McKinstry
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fahmida Alam
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valeria Flores-Malavet
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mate Z. Nagy
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stewart Sell
- Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Cooper
- Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tara M. Strutt
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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57
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Hervier B, Russick J, Cremer I, Vieillard V. NK Cells in the Human Lungs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1263. [PMID: 31275301 PMCID: PMC6593268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung offers one of the largest exchange surfaces of the individual with the elements of the environment. As a place of important interactions between self and non-self, the lung is richly endowed in various immune cells. As such, lung natural killer (NK) cells play major effector and immunoregulatory roles to ensure self-integrity. A better understanding of their abilities in health and diseases has been made possible over the past decade thanks to tremendous discoveries in humans and animals. By precisely distinguishing the different NK cell subsets and dissecting the ontogeny and differentiation of NK cells, both blood and tissue-resident NK populations now appear to be much more pleiotropic than previously thought. In light of these recent findings in healthy individuals, this review describes the different lung NK cell populations quantitatively, qualitatively, phenotypically, and functionally. Their identification, immunological diversity, and adaptive capacities are also addressed. For each of these elements, the impact of the mutual interactions of lung NK cells with environmental and microenvironmental factors are questioned in terms of functionality, competence, and adaptive capacities. As pulmonary diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, special attention is also given to the involvement of lung NK cells in various diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic lung diseases. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of lung NK cell biology, this review also provides insight into the potential of NK cell immunotherapy and the development of targeted biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Hervier
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Jules Russick
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMR S1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMR S1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Paris, France
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58
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Scharenberg M, Vangeti S, Kekäläinen E, Bergman P, Al-Ameri M, Johansson N, Sondén K, Falck-Jones S, Färnert A, Ljunggren HG, Michaëlsson J, Smed-Sörensen A, Marquardt N. Influenza A Virus Infection Induces Hyperresponsiveness in Human Lung Tissue-Resident and Peripheral Blood NK Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1116. [PMID: 31156653 PMCID: PMC6534051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells in the human lung respond to influenza A virus- (IAV-) infected target cells. However, the detailed functional capacity of human lung and peripheral blood NK cells remains to be determined in IAV and other respiratory viral infections. Here, we investigated the effects of IAV infection on human lung and peripheral blood NK cells in vitro and ex vivo following clinical infection. IAV infection of lung- and peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells in vitro induced NK cell hyperresponsiveness to K562 target cells, including increased degranulation and cytokine production particularly in the CD56brightCD16- subset of NK cells. Furthermore, lung CD16- NK cells showed increased IAV-mediated but target cell-independent activation compared to CD16+ lung NK cells or total NK cells in peripheral blood. IAV infection rendered peripheral blood NK cells responsive toward the normally NK cell-resistant lung epithelial cell line A549, indicating that NK cell activation during IAV infection could contribute to killing of surrounding non-infected epithelial cells. In vivo, peripheral blood CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16- NK cells were primed during acute IAV infection, and a small subset of CD16-CD49a+CXCR3+ NK cells could be identified, with CD49a and CXCR3 potentially promoting homing to and tissue-retention in the lung during acute infection. Together, we show that IAV respiratory viral infections prime otherwise hyporesponsive lung NK cells, indicating that both CD16+ and CD16- NK cells including CD16-CD49a+ tissue-resident NK cells could contribute to host immunity but possibly also tissue damage in clinical IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Scharenberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sindhu Vangeti
- Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eliisa Kekäläinen
- Immunobiology Research Program & Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUSLAB, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Bergman
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mamdoh Al-Ameri
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Sondén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Falck-Jones
- Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Marquardt
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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59
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Calabrese DR, Lanier LL, Greenland JR. Natural killer cells in lung transplantation. Thorax 2018; 74:397-404. [PMID: 30381399 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have been increasingly recognised as important in lung allograft tolerance and immune defence. These cells evolved to recognise alterations in self through a diverse set of germline-encoded activating and inhibitory receptors and display a broad range of effector functions that play important roles in responding to infections, malignancies and allogeneic tissue. Here, we review NK cells, their diverse receptors and the mechanisms through which NK cells are postulated to mediate important lung transplant clinical outcomes. NK cells can promote tolerance, such as through the depletion of donor antigen-presenting cells. Alternatively, these cells can drive rejection through cytotoxic effects on allograft tissue recognised as 'non-self' or 'stressed', via killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) or NKG2D receptor ligation, respectively. NK cells likely mediate complement-independent antibody-mediated rejection of allografts though CD16A Fc receptor-dependent activation induced by graft-specific antibodies. Finally, NK cells play an important role in response to infections, particularly by mediating cytomegalovirus infection through the CD94/NKG2C receptor. Despite these sometimes-conflicting effects on allograft function, enumeration of NK cells may have an important role in diagnosing allograft dysfunction. While the effects of immunosuppression agents on NK cells may currently be largely unintentional, further understanding of NK cell biology in lung allograft recipients may allow these cells to serve as biomarkers of graft injury and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
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60
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Matos AR, Martins JSCC, Oliveira MDLA, Garcia CC, Siqueira MM. Human CCR5Δ32 (rs333) polymorphism has no influence on severity and mortality of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in Brazilian patients from the post pandemic period. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 67:55-59. [PMID: 30389547 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory infection that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The identification of host genetic factors associated with susceptibility and severity of influenza virus infection is of paramount importance. Previous studies evaluating the potential involvement of the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism (rs333), a 32 base pair deletion in CC motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene, in severity and mortality of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infected individuals have been reported, but their results are quite conflicting. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the evaluation of the CCR5Δ32 frequency in individuals with mild, severe and fatal influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection and its putative association with clinical and epidemiologic data. PATIENTS/METHODS A total of 432 individuals were included in this study and classified according to their clinical status, into the following groups: influenza like illness (ILI) (n = 153); severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) (n = 173) and fatal (n = 106) cases. The samples were collected in the post pandemic period, from 2012 to 2018. Individuals were further stratified according to their clinical and epidemiological data. The CCR5Δ32 variant was genotyped by PCR amplification and a subset of samples was further submitted to Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The different clinical groups (ILI, SARI and fatal) presented similar distribution of wt/wt and wt/Δ32 genotypes and CCR5Δ32 allele frequencies. Genotype Δ32/Δ32 was not detected in our study. Additionally, no association between wt/wt and wt/Δ32 genotypes and dyspnea, a clinical factor for influenza complications was found. Similarly, no significant differences in the distribution of wt/wt and wt/Δ32 genotypes and CCR5Δ32 variant allele frequencies were observed in samples from the different Brazilian geographical regions. CONCLUSIONS The CCR5Δ32 variant does not influence the susceptibility to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 severe disease or mortality in individuals from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R Matos
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, National Influenza Center (NIC)/World Health Organization (WHO), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica S C C Martins
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, National Influenza Center (NIC)/World Health Organization (WHO), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes A Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, National Influenza Center (NIC)/World Health Organization (WHO), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilda M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, National Influenza Center (NIC)/World Health Organization (WHO), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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