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Gomez-Casado C, Sanchez-Solares J, Izquierdo E, Díaz-Perales A, Barber D, Escribese MM. Oral Mucosa as a Potential Site for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases. Foods 2021; 10:970. [PMID: 33925074 PMCID: PMC8146604 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most prevalent food allergies during early childhood are caused by foods with a high allergenic protein content, such as milk, egg, nuts, or fish. In older subjects, some respiratory allergies progressively lead to food-induced allergic reactions, which can be severe, such as urticaria or asthma. Oral mucosa remodeling has been recently proven to be a feature of severe allergic phenotypes and autoimmune diseases. This remodeling process includes epithelial barrier disruption and the release of inflammatory signals. Although little is known about the immune processes taking place in the oral mucosa, there are a few reports describing the oral mucosa-associated immune system. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent knowledge about the role of the oral mucosa in food-induced allergic reactions, as well as in severe respiratory allergies or food-induced autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Javier Sanchez-Solares
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Araceli Díaz-Perales
- Center of Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Domingo Barber
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - María M. Escribese
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
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52
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Barni S, Giovannini M, Mori F. Epidemiology of non-IgE-mediated food allergies: what can we learn from that? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:188-194. [PMID: 33394702 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To underline the main characteristics of the non-Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies (food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis food protein-induced enteropathy and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome ), which are common diseases in primary care and in allergy and gastroenterology specialty practices evaluating children. RECENT FINDINGS Non-IgE-mediated food allergies comprise a spectrum of diseases with peculiar features affecting infants and young children. The most prominent features of these diseases are symptoms that affect mainly the gastrointestinal tract. SUMMARY It is of paramount importance to provide the clinicians with the tools for non-IgE-mediated food allergy recognition in clinical practice to avoid the misdiagnosis with unnecessary laboratory tests and detrimental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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53
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Storino V, Muñoz-Ortiz J, Villabona-Martinez V, Villamizar-Sanjuán JD, Rojas-Carabali W, de-la-Torre A. An Unusual Case of Multiple Food Allergies Comorbid with Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Case Report. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:317-323. [PMID: 33833533 PMCID: PMC8020051 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s293248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the case of a patient with multiple food allergies comorbid with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) who was misdiagnosed on various occasions, resulting in a negative impact on the patient's personal and social life. Case Report We present the case of a 43-year-old Colombian women with multiple food allergies concomitant with MCS. Symptoms started with a mild reaction to insecticides, car exhaust smoke, and perfumes and gradually evolved into a severe reaction to her environment. She also presented recurrent episodes of clinical reactivity to foods and persistent elevated IgE levels, as well as several life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Alternative and allopathic therapies were applied, but her symptoms persisted. Various diagnoses were made before the definitive diagnosis. Conclusion MCS is an unusual entity of unknown pathophysiology that can, on rare occasions, coexist with food allergies. Early recognition and multidisciplinary treatment are required as these entities have a major impact on the patient's quality of life. We present the first Latin American case regarding the association of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz
- Escuela Barraquer, Research Group, Escuela Superior de Oftalmología, Instituto Barraquer de América, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valeria Villabona-Martinez
- Neuroscience Research Group "NeURos", Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Diego Villamizar-Sanjuán
- Neuroscience Research Group "NeURos", Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - William Rojas-Carabali
- Neuroscience Research Group "NeURos", Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra de-la-Torre
- Neuroscience Research Group "NeURos", Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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54
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Sarate PJ, Srutkova D, Geissler N, Schwarzer M, Schabussova I, Inic-Kanada A, Kozakova H, Wiedermann U. Pre- and Neonatal Imprinting on Immunological Homeostasis and Epithelial Barrier Integrity by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Prevents Allergic Poly-Sensitization in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612775. [PMID: 33679699 PMCID: PMC7927790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A steady rise in the number of poly-sensitized patients has increased the demand for effective prophylactic strategies against multi-sensitivities. Probiotic bacteria have been successfully used in clinics and experimental models to prevent allergic mono-sensitization. In the present study, we have investigated whether probiotic bacteria could prevent poly-sensitization by imprinting on the immune system early in life. We used two recombinant variants of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN): i) EcN expressing birch and grass pollen, poly-allergen chimera construct (EcN-Chim), and ii) an “empty” EcN without allergen expression (EcN-Ctrl). Conventional mice (CV) were treated with either EcN-Chim or EcN-Ctrl in the last week of the gestation and lactation period. Gnotobiotic mice received one oral dose of either EcN-Chim or EcN-Ctrl before mating. The offspring from both models underwent systemic allergic poly-sensitization and intranasal challenge with recombinant birch and grass pollen allergens (rBet v 1, rPhl p 1, and rPhl p 5). In the CV setting, the colonization of offspring via treatment of mothers reduced allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in offspring compared to poly-sensitized controls. Similarly, in a gnotobiotic model, AAI was reduced in EcN-Chim and EcN-Ctrl mono-colonized offspring. However, allergy prevention was more pronounced in the EcN-Ctrl mono-colonized offspring as compared to EcN-Chim. Mono-colonization with EcN-Ctrl was associated with a shift toward mixed Th1/Treg immune responses, increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the lung, and maintained levels of zonulin-1 in lung epithelial cells as compared to GF poly-sensitized and EcN-Chim mono-colonized mice. This study is the first one to establish the model of allergic poly-sensitization in gnotobiotic mice. Using two different settings, gnotobiotic and conventional mice, we demonstrated that an early life intervention with the EcN without expressing an allergen is a powerful strategy to prevent poly-sensitization later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya J Sarate
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Nora Geissler
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Irma Schabussova
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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55
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Knoop KA, McDonald KG, Hsieh CS, Tarr PI, Newberry RD. Regulatory T Cells Developing Peri-Weaning Are Continually Required to Restrain Th2 Systemic Responses Later in Life. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603059. [PMID: 33613522 PMCID: PMC7891039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic disorders including allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, and dermatitis, are increasingly prevalent in Western societies. These disorders are largely characterized by T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses to environmental triggers, particularly inhaled and dietary allergens. Exposure to such stimuli during early childhood reduces the frequency of allergies in at-risk children. These allergic responses can be restrained by regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly Tregs arising in the gut. The unique attributes of how early life exposure to diet and microbes shape the intestinal Treg population is a topic of significant interest. While imprinting during early life promotes the development of a balanced immune system and protects against immunopathology, it remains unclear if Tregs that develop in early life continue to restrain systemic inflammatory responses throughout adulthood. Here, an inducible deletion strategy was used to label Tregs at specified time points with a targeted mechanism to be deleted later. Deletion of the Tregs labeled peri-weaning at day of life 24, but not before weaning at day of life 14, resulted in increased circulating IgE and IL-13, and abrogated induction of tolerance towards new antigens. Thus, Tregs developing peri-weaning, but not before day of life 14 are continually required to restrain allergic responses into adulthood.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Adoptive Transfer
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antigens/administration & dosage
- Antigens/immunology
- Cell Communication
- Colon/immunology
- Colon/metabolism
- Cytokines/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/blood
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Ovalbumin
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Weaning
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Knoop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Keely G. McDonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Phillip I. Tarr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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56
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Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Boyman O, Caramori G, Cari L, Fan Chung K, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Kolios A, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Van Esch B, Stellato C. Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement: Disease-modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases-An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO). Allergy 2021; 76:90-113. [PMID: 32593226 DOI: 10.1111/all.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small-molecule drugs have achieved significant success in the treatment of chronic allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases particularly for some patients with severe, treatment-resistant forms. This has been aided by improved identification of disease phenotypes. Despite these achievements, not all severe forms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are successfully targeted, and current treatment options, besides allergen immunotherapy for selected allergic diseases, fail to change the disease course. T cell-based therapies aim to cure diseases through the selective induction of appropriate immune responses following the delivery of engineered, specific cytotoxic, or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells have revolutionized the oncology field, bringing curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, while therapies exploiting the suppressive functions of Tregs have been developed in nononcological settings, such as in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. ACT with Tregs are also being considered in nononcological settings such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. After describing the general features of T cell-based approaches and current applications in autoimmune diseases, this position paper reviews the experimental models testing or supporting T cell-based approaches, especially Treg-based approaches, in severe IgE-mediated responses and chronic respiratory airway diseases, such as severe asthma and COPD. Along with an assessment of challenges and unmet needs facing the application of ACT in these settings, this article underscores the potential of ACT to offer curative options for patients with severe or treatment-resistant forms of these immune-driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - Edward F Knol
- Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonios Kolios
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty Van Esch
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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57
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Ma S, Satitsuksanoa P, Jansen K, Cevhertas L, van de Veen W, Akdis M. B regulatory cells in allergy. Immunol Rev 2020; 299:10-30. [PMID: 33345311 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B cells have classically been recognized for their unique and indispensable role in the production of antibodies. Their potential as immunoregulatory cells with anti-inflammatory functions has received increasing attention during the last two decades. Herein, we highlight pioneering studies in the field of regulatory B cell (Breg) research. We will review the literature on Bregs with a particular focus on their role in the regulation of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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58
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Gamez-Belmonte R, Erkert L, Wirtz S, Becker C. The Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer Development by Type 2 Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249772. [PMID: 33371444 PMCID: PMC7767427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is among the most complex organs of the human body. It has to exert several functions including food and water absorption while setting up an efficient barrier to the outside world. Dysfunction of the gut can be life-threatening. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as inflammatory bowel disease, infections, or colorectal cancer, therefore, pose substantial challenges to clinical care. The intestinal epithelium plays an important role in intestinal disease development. It not only establishes an important barrier against the gut lumen but also constantly signals information about the gut lumen and its composition to immune cells in the bowel wall. Such signaling across the epithelial barrier also occurs in the other direction. Intestinal epithelial cells respond to cytokines and other mediators of immune cells in the lamina propria and shape the microbial community within the gut by producing various antimicrobial peptides. Thus, the epithelium can be considered as an interpreter between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system, safeguarding and moderating communication to the benefit of the host. Type 2 immune responses play important roles in immune-epithelial communication. They contribute to gut tissue homeostasis and protect the host against infections with helminths. However, they are also involved in pathogenic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. The current review provides an overview of current concepts regarding type 2 immune responses in intestinal physiology and pathophysiology.
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59
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Bruton K, Koenig JFE, Phelps A, Jordana M. Perturbations to Homeostasis in Experimental Models Revealed Innate Pathways Driving Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603272. [PMID: 33362786 PMCID: PMC7758527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While type 2 immunity has been conventionally viewed as beneficial against helminths, venoms, and poisons, and harmful in allergy, contemporary research has uncovered its critical role in the maintenance of homeostasis. The initiation of a type 2 immune response involves an intricate crosstalk between structural and immune cells. Structural cells react to physical and chemical tissue perturbations by secreting alarmins, which signal the innate immune system to restore homeostasis. This pathway acts autonomously in the context of sterile injury and in the presence of foreign antigen initiates an adaptive Th2 response that is beneficial in the context of venoms, toxins, and helminths, but not food allergens. The investigation of the triggers and mechanisms underlying food allergic sensitization in humans is elusive because sensitization is a silent process. Therefore, the central construct driving food allergy modeling is based on introducing perturbations of tissue homeostasis along with an allergen which will result in an immunological and clinical phenotype that is consistent with that observed in humans. The collective evidence from multiple models has revealed the pre-eminent role of innate cells and molecules in the elicitation of allergic sensitization. We posit that, with the expanding use of technologies capable of producing formidable datasets, models of food allergy will continue to have an indispensable role to delineate mechanisms and establish causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manel Jordana
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada
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60
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Suther C, Moore MD, Beigelman A, Zhou Y. The Gut Microbiome and the Big Eight. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123728. [PMID: 33287179 PMCID: PMC7761723 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergies are increasing at an alarming rate, with 6.5% of the general population affected. It has been hypothesized that the increase in allergies stems from the “hygiene hypothesis”. The gut microbiome, a collection of microbiota and their genetic contents from the gastrointestinal tract, has been shown to play a part in the development of food allergies. The Food and Drug Administration requires all regulated food companies to clearly state an inclusion of the major, or “big eight” food allergens on packaging. This review is to provide information on the significant advancements related to the gut microbiome and each of the eight major food allergies individually. Establishment of causal connection between the microbiome and food allergies has uncovered novel mechanisms. New strategies are discussed to prevent future sensitization and reaction through novel treatments involving functional additives and dietary changes that target the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Suther
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (C.S.); (M.D.M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Matthew D. Moore
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (C.S.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Kipper Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5891000, Israel;
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-860-679-6379
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61
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Roberts G, Almqvist C, Boyle R, Crane J, Hogan SP, Marsland B, Saglani S, Woodfolk JA. Developments allergy in 2019 through the eyes of clinical and experimental allergy, part I mechanisms. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:1294-1301. [PMID: 33283368 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the first of two linked articles, we describe the development in the mechanisms underlying allergy as described by Clinical & Experimental Allergy and other journals in 2019. Experimental models of allergic disease, basic mechanisms, clinical mechanisms and allergens are all covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - C Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Boyle
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S P Hogan
- Department of Pathology, Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S Saglani
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J A Woodfolk
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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62
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Satitsuksanoa P, van de Veen W, Akdis M. B cells in food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:49-51. [PMID: 33242492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
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63
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Bertolini TB, Biswas M, Terhorst C, Daniell H, Herzog RW, Piñeros AR. Role of orally induced regulatory T cells in immunotherapy and tolerance. Cell Immunol 2020; 359:104251. [PMID: 33248367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral antigen administration to induce regulatory T cells (Treg) takes advantage of regulatory mechanisms that the gastrointestinal tract utilizes to promote unresponsiveness against food antigens or commensal microorganisms. Recently, antigen-based oral immunotherapies (OITs) have shown efficacy as treatment for food allergy and autoimmune diseases. Similarly, OITs appear to prevent anti-drug antibody responses in replacement therapy for genetic diseases. Intestinal epithelial cells and microbiota possibly condition dendritic cells (DC) toward a tolerogenic phenotype that induces Treg via expression of several mediators, e.g. IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, retinoic acid. Several factors, such as metabolites derived from microbiota or diet, impact the stability and expansion of these induced Treg, which include, but are not limited to, FoxP3+ Treg, LAP+ Treg, and/or Tr1 cells. Here, we review various orally induced Treg, their plasticity and cooperation between the Treg subsets, as well as underlying mechanisms controlling their induction and role in oral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Bertolini
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Mu Q, Edwards MR, Swartwout BK, Cabana Puig X, Mao J, Zhu J, Grieco J, Cecere TE, Prakash M, Reilly CM, Puglisi C, Bachali P, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE, Luo XM. Gut Microbiota and Bacterial DNA Suppress Autoimmunity by Stimulating Regulatory B Cells in a Murine Model of Lupus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593353. [PMID: 33240280 PMCID: PMC7683516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, are characterized by excessive inflammation in response to self-antigens. Loss of appropriate immunoregulatory mechanisms contribute to disease exacerbation. We previously showed the suppressive effect of vancomycin treatment during the "active-disease" stage of lupus. In this study, we sought to understand the effect of the same treatment given before disease onset. To develop a model in which to test the regulatory role of the gut microbiota in modifying autoimmunity, we treated lupus-prone mice with vancomycin in the period before disease development (3-8 weeks of age). We found that administration of vancomycin to female MRL/lpr mice early, only during the pre-disease period but not from 3 to 15 weeks of age, led to disease exacerbation. Early vancomycin administration also reduced splenic regulatory B (Breg) cell numbers, as well as reduced circulating IL-10 and IL-35 in 8-week old mice. Further, we found that during the pre-disease period, administration of activated IL-10 producing Breg cells to mice treated with vancomycin suppressed lupus initiation, and that bacterial DNA from the gut microbiota was an inducer of Breg function. Oral gavage of bacterial DNA to mice treated with vancomycin increased Breg cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node at 8 weeks of age and reduced autoimmune disease severity at 15 weeks. This work suggests that a form of oral tolerance induced by bacterial DNA-mediated expansion of Breg cells suppress disease onset in the autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mouse model. Future studies are warranted to further define the mechanism behind bacterial DNA promoting Breg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Mu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Michael R. Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brianna K. Swartwout
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Xavier Cabana Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jiangdi Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Joe Grieco
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Thomas E. Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Meeta Prakash
- Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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65
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Pignataro MF, Herrera MG, Dodero VI. Evaluation of Peptide/Protein Self-Assembly and Aggregation by Spectroscopic Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:E4854. [PMID: 33096797 PMCID: PMC7587993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of proteins is an essential process for a variety of cellular functions including cell respiration, mobility and division. On the other hand, protein or peptide misfolding and aggregation is related to the development of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, among other aggregopathies. As a consequence, significant research efforts are directed towards the understanding of this process. In this review, we are focused on the use of UV-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Circular Dichroism to evaluate the self-organization of proteins and peptides in solution. These spectroscopic techniques are commonly available in most chemistry and biochemistry research laboratories, and together they are a powerful approach for initial as well as routine evaluation of protein and peptide self-assembly and aggregation under different environmental stimulus. Furthermore, these spectroscopic techniques are even suitable for studying complex systems like those in the food industry or pharmaceutical formulations, providing an overall idea of the folding, self-assembly, and aggregation processes, which is challenging to obtain with high-resolution methods. Here, we compiled and discussed selected examples, together with our results and those that helped us better to understand the process of protein and peptide aggregation. We put particular emphasis on the basic description of the methods as well as on the experimental considerations needed to obtain meaningful information, to help those who are just getting into this exciting area of research. Moreover, this review is particularly useful to those out of the field who would like to improve reproducibility in their cellular and biomedical experiments, especially while working with peptide and protein systems as an external stimulus. Our final aim is to show the power of these low-resolution techniques to improve our understanding of the self-assembly of peptides and proteins and translate this fundamental knowledge in biomedical research or food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Pignataro
- Department of Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (iB3), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EG, Argentina;
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Dr. Alejandro Paladini, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - María Georgina Herrera
- Department of Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Translational Biology (iB3), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EG, Argentina;
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Dr. Alejandro Paladini, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Verónica Isabel Dodero
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Feng X, Zhao C, Li L, Feng J, He W, Shi T, Li N, Jie Z, Su X. iNKT cells with high PLZF expression are recruited into the lung via CCL21-CCR7 signaling to facilitate the development of asthma tolerance in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:414-432. [PMID: 32712954 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of immune tolerance is crucial to protect humans against asthma. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is an emerging suppressor of inflammatory responses. CCL21-CCR7 signaling mediates tolerance development. However, whether PLZF and CCL21-CCR7 are required for the development of asthma tolerance is unknown. Here, we found that Zbtb16 (coding PLZF) and Ccl21 were upregulated in OVA-induced asthma tolerance (OT) lungs by RNA-seq. PLZF physically interacted with GATA3 and its expression was higher in GATA3+ Th2 cells and ILC2s in OT lungs. Zbtb16-knockdown in lymphocytes promoted the differentiation of CD3e+ CD4+ T cells, particularly those producing IL-4 and IL-5. Moreover, iNKT cells with high expression of PLZF were recruited into the lungs via draining lymph nodes during tolerance. Blockade of CCL21-CCR7 signaling in OT mice decreased the PLZF+ cell population, abolished CCR7-induced PLZF+ iNKT recruitment to the lungs, enhanced Th2responses and exacerbated lung pathology. In OT mice, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection impeded PLZF+ cell and CCR7+ PLZF+ iNKT cellrecruitment to the lungs and increased airway resistance. Collectively, these results indicate that PLZF could interact with GATA3 and restrain differentiation of IL-4- and IL-5-producing T cells, iNKT cells with high PLZF expression are recruited to the lungs via CCL21-CCR7 signaling to facilitate the development of asthma tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyun Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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67
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Li D, Cheng J, Zhu Z, Catalfamo M, Goerlitz D, Lawless OJ, Tallon L, Sadzewicz L, Calderone R, Bellanti JA. Treg-inducing capacity of genomic DNA of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis. Allergy Asthma Proc 2020; 41:372-385. [PMID: 32867892 PMCID: PMC8242987 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2020.41.200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Allergic and autoimmune diseases comprise a group of inflammatory disorders caused by aberrant immune responses in which CD25+ forkhead box P3-positive regulatory T cells (Treg) cells that normally suppress inflammatory events are often poorly functioning. This has stimulated an intensive investigative effort to find ways of increasing Tregs as a method of therapy for these conditions. Commensal microbiota known to have health benefits in humans include the lactic acid-producing, probiotic bacteria B. longum subsp. infantis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Mechanistically, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how probiotics may favorably affect host immunity, including the induction of Tregs. Analysis of emerging data from several laboratories, including our own, suggest that DNA methylation may be an important determinant of immune reactivity responsible for Treg induction. Although methylated CpG moieties in normal mammalian DNA are both noninflammatory and lack immunogenicity, unmethylated CpGs, found largely in microbial DNA, are immunostimulatory and display proinflammatory properties. Objective: We hypothesize that microbiota with more DNA methylation may potentiate Treg induction to a greater degree than microbiota with a lower content of methylation. The purpose of the present study was to test this hypothesis by studying the methylation status of whole genomic DNA (gDNA) and the Treg-inducing capacity of purified gDNA in each of the probiotic bacteria B. longum subsp. infantis and L. rhamnosus, and a pathogenic Escherichia coli strain B. Results: We showed that gDNA from B. longum subsp. infantis is a potent Treg inducer that displays a dose-dependent response pattern at a dose threshold of 20 µg of gDNA. No similar Treg-inducing responses were observed with the gDNA from L. rhamnosus or E. coli. We identified a unique CpG methylated motif in the gDNA sequencing of B. longum subsp. infantis which was not found in L. rhamnosus or E. coli strain B. Conclusion: Although the literature indicates that both B. longum subsp. infantis and L. rhamnosus strains contribute to health, our data suggest that they do so by different mechanisms. Further, because of its small molecular size, low cost, ease of synthesis, and unique Treg-inducing feature, this methylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) from B. longum would offer many attractive features for an ideal novel therapeutic vaccine candidate for the treatment of immunologic diseases, such as the allergic and autoimmune disorders, in which Treg populations are diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- From the Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Jie Cheng
- From the Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Ziang Zhu
- From the Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Marta Catalfamo
- From the Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - David Goerlitz
- Genomics and Epigenomics Shared Resource, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C
| | - Oliver J. Lawless
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and
| | - Luke Tallon
- Genomic Resource Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa Sadzewicz
- Genomic Resource Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Calderone
- From the Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Joseph A. Bellanti
- From the Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and
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68
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Mannie MD, DeOca KB, Bastian AG, Moorman CD. Tolerogenic vaccines: Targeting the antigenic and cytokine niches of FOXP3 + regulatory T cells. Cell Immunol 2020; 355:104173. [PMID: 32712270 PMCID: PMC7444458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitute a critical barrier that enforces tolerance to both the self-peptidome and the extended-self peptidome to ensure tissue-specific resistance to autoimmune, allergic, and other inflammatory disorders. Here, we review intuitive models regarding how T cell antigen receptor (TCR) specificity and antigen recognition efficiency shape the Treg and conventional T cell (Tcon) repertoires to adaptively regulate T cell maintenance, tissue-residency, phenotypic stability, and immune function in peripheral tissues. Three zones of TCR recognition efficiency are considered, including Tcon recognition of specific low-efficiency self MHC-ligands, Treg recognition of intermediate-efficiency agonistic self MHC-ligands, and Tcon recognition of cross-reactive high-efficiency agonistic foreign MHC-ligands. These respective zones of TCR recognition efficiency are key to understanding how tissue-resident immune networks integrate the antigenic complexity of local environments to provide adaptive decisions setting the balance of suppressive and immunogenic responses. Importantly, deficiencies in the Treg repertoire appear to be an important cause of chronic inflammatory disease. Deficiencies may include global deficiencies in Treg numbers or function, subtle 'holes in the Treg repertoire' in tissue-resident Treg populations, or simply Treg insufficiencies that are unable to counter an overwhelming molecular mimicry stimulus. Tolerogenic vaccination and Treg-based immunotherapy are two therapeutic modalities meant to restore dominance of Treg networks to reverse chronic inflammatory disease. Studies of these therapeutic modalities in a preclinical setting have provided insight into the Treg niche, including the concept that intermediate-efficiency TCR signaling, high IFN-β concentrations, and low IL-2 concentrations favor Treg responses and active dominant mechanisms of immune tolerance. Overall, the purpose here is to assimilate new and established concepts regarding how cognate TCR specificity of the Treg repertoire and the contingent cytokine networks provide a foundation for understanding Treg suppressive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Mannie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
| | - Kayla B DeOca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Alexander G Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Cody D Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
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69
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The establishment of long-term clinical tolerance in AIT requires the involvement of basophils, mast cells, allergen-specific regulatory T and B cells, downregulation of effector type 2 responses, and increase in production of specific IgG, particularly immunglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibodies. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of B cells in AIT, their mechanism of action, and their potential for improving AIT. RECENT FINDINGS In-depth research of B cells has paved the way for improved diagnosis and research on allergic diseases. B cells play a central role in allergy and allergen tolerance through the production of immunglobulin E (IgE)-blocking antibodies. However, an increasing body of evidence has emerged supporting a role for B cells in regulating immune responses that extends beyond the production of antibodies. Regulatory B cells play an important role in immunosuppression, mediated by secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. SUMMARY Successful AIT establishes the reinstatement of immune tolerance toward allergens, reduces allergic symptoms, and improves clinical treatments in patients. B cells play a central role in this process through antibody-independent immune regulatory processes in addition to the production of IgE-blocking antibodies.
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70
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Abstract
Food allergens are innocuous proteins that promote tolerogenic adaptive immune responses in healthy individuals yet in other individuals induce an allergic adaptive immune response characterized by the presence of antigen-specific immunoglobulin E and type-2 immune cells. The cellular and molecular processes that determine a tolerogenic versus non-tolerogenic immune response to dietary antigens are not fully elucidated. Recently, there have been advances in the identification of roles for microbial communities and anatomical sites of dietary antigen exposure and presentation that have provided new insights into the key regulatory steps in the tolerogenic versus non-tolerogenic decision-making processes. Herein, we will review and discuss recent findings in cellular and molecular processes underlying food sensitization and tolerance, immunological processes underlying severity of food-induced anaphylaxis, and insights obtained from immunotherapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Tomar
- 1. Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan 4051-BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Simon P Hogan
- 1. Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan 4051-BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
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71
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Novak N, Maleki SJ, Cuadrado C, Crespo JF, Cabanillas B. Interaction of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Ara h 2 from Raw and Roasted Peanuts. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070863. [PMID: 32630617 PMCID: PMC7404797 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ara h 2 is a relevant peanut allergen linked to severe allergic reactions. The interaction of Ara h 2 with components of the sensitization phase of food allergy (e.g., dendritic cells) has not been investigated, and could be key to understanding the allergenic potential of this allergen. In this study, we aimed to analyze such interactions and the possible mechanism involved. Ara h 2 was purified from two forms of peanut, raw and roasted, and labeled with a fluorescent dye. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) were obtained, and experiments of Ara h 2 internalization by MDDCs were carried out. The role of the mannose receptor in the internalization of Ara h 2 from raw and roasted peanuts was also investigated. Results showed that Ara h 2 internalization by MDDCs was both time and dose dependent. Mannose receptors in MDDCs had a greater implication in the internalization of Ara h 2 from roasted peanuts. However, this receptor was also important in the internalization of Ara h 2 from raw peanuts, as opposed to other allergens such as raw Ara h 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn Medical Center, DE–53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Soheila J. Maleki
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA;
| | - Carmen Cuadrado
- Department of Food Technology, National Institute of Agricultural, Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ctra. La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesus F. Crespo
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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72
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Akdis CA, Arkwright PD, Brüggen MC, Busse W, Gadina M, Guttman‐Yassky E, Kabashima K, Mitamura Y, Vian L, Wu J, Palomares O. Type 2 immunity in the skin and lungs. Allergy 2020; 75:1582-1605. [PMID: 32319104 DOI: 10.1111/all.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and lungs during the last few years. Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical diseases of type 2 immune responses. interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are essential cytokines of epithelial cells that are activated by allergens, pollutants, viruses, bacteria, and toxins that derive type 2 responses. Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) produce and secrete type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. IL-4 and IL-13 activate B cells to class-switch to IgE and also play a role in T-cell and eosinophil migration to allergic inflammatory tissues. IL-13 contributes to maturation, activation, nitric oxide production and differentiation of epithelia, production of mucus as well as smooth muscle contraction, and extracellular matrix generation. IL-4 and IL-13 open tight junction barrier and cause barrier leakiness in the skin and lungs. IL-5 acts on activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils. IL-9 contributes to general allergic phenotype by enhancing all of the aspects, such as IgE and eosinophilia. Type 2 ILC contribute to inflammation in AD and asthma by enhancing the activity of Th2 cells, eosinophils, and their cytokines. Currently, five biologics are licensed to suppress type 2 inflammation via IgE, IL-5 and its receptor, and IL-4 receptor alpha. Some patients with severe atopic disease have little evidence of type 2 hyperactivity and do not respond to biologics which target this pathway. Studies in responder and nonresponder patients demonstrate the complexity of these diseases. In addition, primary immune deficiency diseases related to T-cell maturation, regulatory T-cell development, and T-cell signaling, such as Omenn syndrome, severe combined immune deficiencies, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome, and DOCK8, STAT3, and CARD11 deficiencies, help in our understanding of the importance and redundancy of various type 2 immune components. The present review aims to highlight recent advances in type 2 immunity and discuss the cellular sources, targets, and roles of type 2 mechanisms in asthma and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Peter D. Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - William Busse
- Department of Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section Office of Science and Technology National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Emma Guttman‐Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Laura Vian
- Translational Immunology Section Office of Science and Technology National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Jianni Wu
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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73
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Imran S, Neeland MR, Shepherd R, Messina N, Perrett KP, Netea MG, Curtis N, Saffery R, Novakovic B. A Potential Role for Epigenetically Mediated Trained Immunity in Food Allergy. iScience 2020; 23:101171. [PMID: 32480123 PMCID: PMC7262566 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy is increasing at a rapid pace in many countries. The association of high food allergy rates with Westernized lifestyles suggests the role of gene-environment interactions, potentially underpinned by epigenetic variation, in mediating this process. Recent studies have implicated innate immune system dysfunction in the development and persistence of food allergy. These responses are characterized by increased circulating frequency of innate immune cells and heightened inflammatory responses to bacterial stimulation in food allergic patients. These signatures mirror those described in trained immunity, whereby innate immune cells retain a “memory” of earlier microbial encounters, thus influencing subsequent immune responses. Here, we propose that a robust multi-omics approach that integrates immunological, transcriptomic, and epigenomic datasets, combined with well-phenotyped and longitudinal food allergy cohorts, can inform the potential role of trained immunity in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Imran
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca Shepherd
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nicole Messina
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Chudzik-Kozłowska J, Wasilewska E, Złotkowska D. Evaluation of Immunoreactivity of Pea ( Pisum sativum) Albumins in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3891-3902. [PMID: 32178513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green pea (Pisum sativum) is a component of European cuisine; however, an estimated 0.8% of Europeans suffer from allergies to pea proteins. We examined the immunoreactive potential of pea albumins (PA) in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Mice were orally gavaged with PA or glycated pea albumins (G-PA) for 10 consecutive days, in combination with an adjuvant. Both PA and G-PA increased PA-specific serum antibody titers to about 212 for anti-PA IgG, ∼27 for anti-PA IgA, and ∼27.8 for anti-PA IgA in fecal extracts (p < 0.001). On day 42 postexposure, the antibodies titers decreased and were greater in BALB/c compared to C57BL/6 mice (p < 0.05). Distribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues presented strain-specific differences. PA was found to induce lymphocyte proliferation; however, G-PA did not. Both PA and G-PA changed CD4+ and CD8+ T cells percentages in some lymphoid tissues; however, this did not impact cytokines production by splenocyte cultures evidenced by the stimulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. The observed immunomodulatory properties of PA and G-PA and lack of a sign of allergic reaction render them suitable for supplements in personalized diets, but further research is needed to precisely understand this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Chudzik-Kozłowska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Tuwima 10 str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Wasilewska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Tuwima 10 str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dagmara Złotkowska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, J. Tuwima 10 str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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DeKruyff RH, Zhang W, Nadeau KC, Leung DYM, Wills-Karp M. Summary of the Keystone Symposium "Origins of allergic disease: Microbial, epithelial and immune interactions," March 24-27, Tahoe City, California. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1072-1081.e1. [PMID: 31926182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the Keystone Symposium conference, "Origins of allergic disease: Microbial, epithelial and immune interactions" were to present and discuss potential microbial-epithelial-immune interactions underlying the early-life origins of allergic disorders, as well as immune mechanisms that might suggest novel disease prevention or intervention strategies. Cross-talk and sharing of ideas among participating experts in basic science and clinical aspects of allergic diseases provided substantial insight into the concept of allergic disorders as a systems disease. The overriding message distilled from the discussions was that damage to epithelial surfaces lies at the origin of the various manifestations of allergic disease. The epithelium of the lungs, gut, and skin, which operates as a critical sensor of environmental stimuli, is besieged by an onslaught of contemporary environmental forces including an altered microbiome, air pollution, food allergens in a changed diet, and chemicals in modern detergents. Collectively, this onslaught leads to alterations of lung, skin, or gut epithelial surfaces, driving a type 2 immune response that underlies most, if not all, of the atopic diseases. Possible remedies for treatment and prevention of allergic diseases were discussed, including a precision medicine approach using biologics, oral desensitization, targeted gut microbiome alterations, and behavior alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie H DeKruyff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Marsha Wills-Karp
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
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76
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Cukrowska B, Bierła JB, Zakrzewska M, Klukowski M, Maciorkowska E. The Relationship between the Infant Gut Microbiota and Allergy. The Role of Bifidobacterium breve and Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in the Activation of Anti-Allergic Mechanisms in Early Life. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040946. [PMID: 32235348 PMCID: PMC7230322 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in allergy prevalence observed in recent decades may be a consequence of early intestinal dysbiosis. The intestinal microbiota is formed in the first 1000 days of life, when it is particularly sensitive to various factors, such as the composition of the mother’s microbiota, type of delivery, infant’s diet, number of siblings, contact with animals, and antibiotic therapy. Breastfeeding and vaginal birth favorably affect the formation of an infant’s intestinal microbiota and protect against allergy development. The intestinal microbiota of these infants is characterized by an early dominance of Bifidobacterium, which may have a significant impact on the development of immune tolerance. Bifidobacterium breve is a species commonly isolated from the intestines of healthy breastfed infants and from human milk. This review outlines the most important environmental factors affecting microbiota formation and the importance of Bifidobacterium species (with a particular emphasis on Bifidobacterium breve) in microbiota modulation towards anti-allergic processes. In addition, we present the concept, which assumes that infant formulas containing specific probiotic Bifidobacterium breve strains and prebiotic oligosaccharides may be useful in allergy management in non-breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-815-19-69
| | - Joanna B. Bierła
- Department of Pathology, The Children Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Developmental Age Medicine and Paediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna St. 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (M.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Mark Klukowski
- Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona St. 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Maciorkowska
- Department of Developmental Age Medicine and Paediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna St. 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (M.Z.); (E.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona St. 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland;
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77
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Haflidadottir S, Matthews IL, Almaas R. Cytokine profile in children with food allergy following liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13657. [PMID: 32067305 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LTX in children is associated with increased risk of food allergy, and the mechanisms underlying this are unknown. We wanted to study whether plasma cytokine profile differed in liver transplanted children, with and without food allergy, and whether it differed from untransplanted children with CLD. METHODS Plasma cytokines, total and specific IgE in nine patients with food allergy were compared with 13 patients without food allergy following LTX, and also with seven untransplanted patients with CLD. RESULTS No difference was found in the cytokine profile between liver transplanted patients with and without food allergy. Transplanted patients with food allergy having received a prescription of epinephrine had a significantly higher total IgE (2033 [234-2831] vs 10 [5-41] IU/L, P = .002) and MIP-1b (52 [37-96] vs 36 [32-39], P = .035) compared with transplanted patients without food allergy. Two patients with severe food allergy responded favorably to conversion from tacrolimus-based immunosuppression to MMF and corticosteroids with reduction in clinical symptoms, total IgE, specific IgE, IL-1ra, IL-4, RANTES, PDGF, MIP-1a, and TNFα. The transplantation group had higher levels of IL-1b, IL-5, IL-7, IL-13, GCSF, IFNγ, and MIP-1a compared with the CLD group. CONCLUSIONS No overall difference was found in plasma cytokine profile between patients with and without food allergy. Patients with severe food allergy had significant elevation of MIP-1b. Discontinuation of tacrolimus reduced total and specific IgE and changed plasma cytokine profile. The plasma cytokine profile in liver transplanted children was different compared with children with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svanhildur Haflidadottir
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iren Lindbak Matthews
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar Almaas
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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78
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Sulfated oligosaccharide of Gracilaria lemaneiformis protect against food allergic response in mice by up-regulating immunosuppression. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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79
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Gorczynski RM, Maqbool T, Hoffmann G. Mechanism(s) of prolonged attenuation of allergic responses after modulation of idiotypic regulatory network. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 15:79. [PMID: 31827543 PMCID: PMC6892213 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed previously that allergic reactivity to ovalbumin (OVA) could be regulated in mice following perturbation of immune networks using combinations of an immune Ig along with anti-idiotypic Ig. We have explored features of this regulation including: its persistence after cessation of administration of combined Igs; the ability of heterologous Igs to produce immunoregulation; a role for Treg induction in regulation; and the ability to attenuate responses in mice pre-sensitized to an allergic stimulus. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA. Mice also received 5 weekly injections of immune Ig or anti-idiotype Ig (at separate sites) from either homologous (mouse) or heterologous (human) sources. In the latter case pooled IVIG (given IM, hence hereafter IMIG) was used as a source of anti-idiotype Ig, and human anti-Tet as immune Ig. Injections of the Ig were given from the time of OVA sensitization (to attenuate development of immunity), or after pre-sensitization of mice (to attenuate existing allergic responses). All mice were assayed for development of OVA-specific serum IgE and IgG, as well as the production of OVA-induced IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, IL-31 and IL-33 in splenocytes cultured for 72 h. In studies examining possible mechanism(s) responsible for inhibition of immunity mice received, in addition to the Ig treatments described, infusion of depleting anti-CD4, and/or anti-CD8 antibodies, or a mAb to TNFSFR25, known to expand Tregs implicated in regulation of Allo immunity. RESULTS Combinations of both heterologous and homologous immune Igs and anti-idiotype Igs attenuated OVA allergic responses in both naïve and pre-sensitized mice. This attenuation persisted in mice greater than 14 weeks after cessation of treatment with the Igs used. Finally, depletion of either CD4 or CD8 cells ameliorated the suppressive effect seen, while the combination of anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 essentially abolished suppression. Suppression was further enhanced by anti-TNFSFR25 mAb. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the combine Ig treatment protocols used produced a long-lasting suppression of allergic immunity, even in pre-sensitized animals. The effects seem to depend upon induction and expansion of Tregs and represents a novel approach to treatment of allergic disease in humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Gorczynski
- Universityof Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Network Immunology, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Toronto, Canada
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80
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Yang H, Yang J, Cheng H, Cao H, Tang S, Wang Q, Zhao J, Li B, Ding Y, Ma C. Probiotics ingestion prevents HDAC11-induced DEC205+ dendritic cell dysfunction in night shift nurses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18002. [PMID: 31784669 PMCID: PMC6884592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the day-night shift-rotation has a negative impact on the immune system. The underlying mechanism remains to be further investigated. Probiotics have regulatory effects on immune functions. This study aims to investigate the role of probiotic ingestion in preventing the DEC205+ dendritic cell (decDC) dysfunction in day-night shift-engaging nurses. In this study, blood samples were collected from day-night shift-rotating nurses who took or did not take yogurt (containing C. Butyricum) during the night shift (NS). decDC functions were evaluated with pertinent immunological approaches. We observed that the immune tolerogenic functions and interleukin (IL)-10 expression were impaired in decDCs of nurses after NS. HDAC11 was detected in decDCs that was markedly up regulated after NS. The HDAC11 levels were negatively correlated with the immune tolerogenic functions in decDCs. Ingestion of probiotic-containing yogurt during NS efficiently suppressed Bmal1 and HDAC11 levels as well as up regulated the immune regulatory functions in decDCs. In conclusion, NS has a negative impact on decDC immune tolerogenic functions, which can be prevented by ingesting probiotics-containing yogurt during NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huili Cao
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiaohong Wang
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongxia Ding
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chang Ma
- Department of Respirology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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81
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Boonpiyathad T, Satitsuksanoa P, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Il-10 producing T and B cells in allergy. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101326. [PMID: 31711770 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergen tolerance in humans have been intensively studied in the past few decades. The demonstration of epitope-specific T cell tolerance, particularly mediated by the immune suppressor functions of IL-10 led to a major conceptual change in this area more than 20 years ago. Currently, the known essential components of allergen tolerance include the induction of allergen-specific regulatory of T and B cells, the immune suppressive function of secreted factors, such as IL-10, IL-35, IL-1 receptor antagonist and TGF-β, immune suppressive functions of surface molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, the production IgG4 isotype allergen-specific blocking antibodies, and decreased allergic inflammatory responses by mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils in inflamed tissues. In this review, we explain the importance of the role of IL-10 in allergen tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadech Boonpiyathad
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
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82
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Aksoy E. TLRs toll for Tregs. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1193-1195. [PMID: 31529712 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ce0619-184r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Discussion on TLR3 triggering in CD4 T cells induces IFN beta and IL10-producing iTregs that suppress food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Aksoy
- Mucosal Immunology and Signaling Group, Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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83
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Rupil LL, Serradell MDC, Luján HD. Using Protozoan Surface Proteins for Effective Oral Vaccination. Trends Parasitol 2019; 36:7-10. [PMID: 31362858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Global Vaccine Action Plan of the World Health Organization (WHO) calls for nonsyringe delivery mechanisms, thermostable vaccines, and new bioprocessing technologies as priority research areas. Here we discuss the use of protozoan surface proteins to develop a safe, stable, and efficient versatile oral vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Lara Rupil
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marianela Del Carmen Serradell
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hugo Daniel Luján
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina.
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84
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Hoppenbrouwers T, Cvejić Hogervorst JH, Garssen J, Wichers HJ, Willemsen LEM. Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) in the Prevention of Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1118. [PMID: 31178862 PMCID: PMC6538765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are considered to possess protective properties for human health by impacting on immunological reactions. An “inflammation-suppressive” effect appears to be the common denominator of the beneficial effects of most of these dietary components which may protect against the development of chronic immune disorders such as (food) allergy. LCPUFAs, especially n-3 LCPUFAs, have been shown to interact with both the sensitization as well as the effector phase in food allergy in pre-clinical models. In this review, we explore the anti-allergic properties of LCPUFAs by providing an overview of clinical, in vivo and in vitro studies. Furthermore, we discuss the susceptibility of LCPUFAs to lipid oxidation and possible strategies to support the efficacy of LCPUFAs in reducing the allergy risk by using additional components with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities such as the flavonoid quercetin. Finally, we propose new strategies to prevent (food) allergy using combinations of LCPUFAs and additional nutrients in diets or supplements, and postulate to investigate the use of LCPUFAs in allergic symptom relief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research BV, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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85
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The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030501. [PMID: 30682772 PMCID: PMC6387318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While multiple mechanisms are involved, the immune system clearly plays a special role. Indeed, the breakdown of the physiological balance in gut microbial composition leads to dysbiosis, which is then able to enhance inflammation and to influence gene expression. At the same time, there is an intense cross-talk between the microbiota and the immunological niche in the intestinal mucosa. These interactions may pave the way to the development, growth and spreading of cancer, especially in the gastro-intestinal system. Here, we review the changes in microbiota composition, how they relate to the immunological imbalance, influencing the onset of different types of cancer and the impact of these mechanisms on the efficacy of traditional and upcoming cancer treatments.
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