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Brown-Jaque M, Rodriguez Oyarzun L, Cornejo-Sánchez T, Martín-Gómez MT, Gartner S, de Gracia J, Rovira S, Alvarez A, Jofre J, González-López JJ, Muniesa M. Detection of Bacteriophage Particles Containing Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:856. [PMID: 29765367 PMCID: PMC5938348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disease in which the bacterial colonization of the lung is linked to an excessive inflammatory response that leads to respiratory failure. The microbiology of CF is complex. Staphylococcus aureus is the first bacterium to colonize the lungs in 30% of pediatric CF patients, and 80% of adult patients develop a chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, but other microorganisms can also be found. The use of antibiotics is essential to treat the disease, but antibiotic performance is compromised by resistance mechanisms. Among various mechanisms of transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the recently been reported bacteriophages are the least explored in clinical settings. To determine the role of phages in CF as mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying ARGs, we evaluated their presence in 71 CF patients. 71 sputum samples taken from these patients were screened for eight ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1-group, blaCTX-M-9-group, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, mecA, qnrA, and qnrS) in the bacteriophage DNA fraction. The phages found were also purified and observed by electron microscopy. 32.4% of CF patients harbored ARGs in phage DNA. β-lactamase genes, particularly blaVIM and blaTEM, were the most prevalent and abundant, whereas mecA, qnrA, and qnrS were very rare. Siphoviridae phage particles capable of infecting P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected in CF sputum. Phage particles harboring ARGs were found to be abundant in the lungs of both CF patients and healthy individuals and could contribute to the colonization of multiresistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryury Brown-Jaque
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lirain Rodriguez Oyarzun
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thais Cornejo-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria T Martín-Gómez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Gartner
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (Ciberes CB06/06/0030), Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier de Gracia
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (Ciberes CB06/06/0030), Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Rovira
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (Ciberes CB06/06/0030), Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Alvarez
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (Ciberes CB06/06/0030), Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Jofre
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J González-López
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Muniesa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ertürk G, Lood R. Ultrasensitive Detection of Biomarkers by Using a Molecular Imprinting Based Capacitive Biosensor. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553527 PMCID: PMC5931318 DOI: 10.3791/57208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and quantitate biomolecules in complex solutions has always been highly sought-after within natural science; being used for the detection of biomarkers, contaminants, and other molecules of interest. A commonly used technique for this purpose is the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), where often one antibody is directed towards a specific target molecule, and a second labeled antibody is used for the detection of the primary antibody, allowing for the absolute quantification of the biomolecule under study. However, the usage of antibodies as recognition elements limits the robustness of the method; as does the need of using labeled molecules. To overcome these limitations, molecular imprinting has been implemented, creating artificial recognition sites complementary to the template molecule, and obsoleting the necessity of using antibodies for initial binding. Further, for even higher sensitivity, the secondary labeled antibody can be replaced by biosensors relying on the capacitance for the quantification of the target molecule. In this protocol, we describe a method to rapidly and label-free detect and quantitate low-abundant biomolecules (proteins and viruses) in complex samples, with a sensitivity that is significantly better than commonly used detection systems such as the ELISA. This is all mediated by molecular imprinting in combination with a capacitance biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ertürk
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University;
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