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Chen D, Bai R, Yong H, Zong S, Jin C, Liu J. Improving the digestive stability and prebiotic effect of carboxymethyl chitosan by grafting with gallic acid: In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:685-696. [PMID: 35779653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is a useful polysaccharide with potential applications in food, cosmetic and biomedical industries. Nonetheless, CMCS is unfavorable for maintaining intestinal flora balance. In this study, gallic acid (GA) was grafted with CMCS through ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide initiated graft copolymerization reaction, producing GA grafted CMCS (GA-g-CMCS). The digestive and fermentative behavior of CMCS and GA-g-CMCS were investigated by using in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation models. Results showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of CMCS gradually decreased during saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion, changing from original sheet-like morphology to porous and rod-like fragments. However, the Mw and morphology of GA-g-CMCS were almost unchanged under saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion. Meanwhile, the grafted GA moiety was not released from GA-g-CMCS during saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion. As compared with CMCS fermentation, GA-g-CMCS fermentation significantly suppressed the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Paeniclostridium, Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, UBA1819 and Butyricimonas, while facilitated the relative abundance of Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium and Lachnospira. In addition, GA-g-CMCS fermentation significantly enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids. These findings suggested that the digestive stability and prebiotic effect of CMCS were improved by grafting with GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyu Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Yong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang X, Qi Y, Zheng H. Dietary Polyphenol, Gut Microbiota, and Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061212. [PMID: 35740109 PMCID: PMC9220293 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by plants, have attracted tremendous attention due to their health-promoting effects, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and neuro-protective activities, as well as health properties. However, due to their complicated structures and high molecular weights, a large proportion of dietary polyphenols remain unabsorbed along the gastrointestinal tract, while in the large intestine they are biotransformed into bioactive, low-molecular-weight phenolic metabolites through the residing gut microbiota. Dietary polyphenols can modulate the composition of intestinal microbes, and in turn, gut microbes catabolize polyphenols to release bioactive metabolites. To better investigate the health benefits of dietary polyphenols, this review provides a summary of their modulation through in vitro and in vivo evidence (animal models and humans), as well as their possible actions through intestinal barrier function and gut microbes. This review aims to provide a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and host health.
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53
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Zhang X, Zhao A, Sandhu AK, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman BM. Red Raspberry and Fructo-Oligosaccharide Supplementation, Metabolic Biomarkers, and the Gut Microbiota in Adults with Prediabetes: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2022; 152:1438-1449. [PMID: 35421233 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and cardiometabolic status are associated, suggesting dietary interventions that alter the microbiota may affect metabolic health. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether supplementation with (poly)phenol-dense red raspberries (RRB), alone or with a fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) prebiotic, would improve biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in individuals with prediabetes (PreDM) and insulin resistance (IR) and whether the effects are related to modulation of the gut microbiota. METHODS Adults with PreDM-IR (n = 26; mean ± SEM age, 35 ± 2 years; fasting glucose, 5.7 ± 0.1 mmol/L; HOMA-IR, 3.3 ± 0.3) or who were metabolically healthy (reference group; n = 10; age, 31 ± 3 years; fasting glucose, 5.1 ± 0.2 mmol/L; HOMA-IR, 1.1 ± 0.1) participated in a randomized crossover trial with two 4-week supplementation periods, in which they consumed either RRB (125 g fresh equivalents) daily or RRB + 8g FOS daily, separated by a 4-week washout. The primary outcome variable was the change in the gut microbiota composition, assessed by shotgun sequencing before (baseline) and at the end of each supplementation period. Secondary outcomes were changes in glucoregulation, lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory status, and anthropometry. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03049631. RESULTS In PreDM-IR, RRB supplementation reduced hepatic-IR (-30.1% ± 14.6%; P = 0.04) and reduced plasma total and LDL cholesterol [-4.9% ± 1.8% (P = 0.04) and -7.2% ± 2.3% (P = 0.003), respectively] from baseline. Adding FOS (RRB + FOS) improved β-cell function [insulin secretion rate, +70.2% ± 32.8% (P = 0.02); Disposition Index, +94.4% ± 50.2% (P = 0.04)], but had no significant effect on plasma cholesterol compared to baseline. RRB increased Eubacterium eligens (2-fold) and decreased Ruminococcus gnavus (-60% ± 34%), whereas RRB + FOS increased Bifidobacterium spp. (4-fold) and decreased Blautia wexlerae (-23% ± 12%) from baseline (all P values ≤ 0.05). R. gnavus was positively correlated with hepatic-IR, and E. eligens and Bifidobacterium catenulatum were negatively correlated with cholesterol concentrations (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased Bifidobacterium spp., concurrently with reduced R. gnavus, was associated with metabolic improvements in adults with PreDM-IR, warranting further research on the mechanisms involved in (poly)phenol/FOS-microbial interactions with host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhuiqun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amandeep K Sandhu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Britt M Burton-Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Tao W, Cao W, Yu B, Chen H, Gong R, Luorong Q, Luo J, Yao L, Zhang D. Hawk tea prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by activating the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathways and regulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:6056-6071. [PMID: 35437540 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scope: Hawk tea, a non-Camellia tea, is an ancient tea drink from southwest China and has been proven to exhibit significant hypoglycaemic and lipid-lowering effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Hawk tea extract (HTE) can improve obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in a mouse model and to determine whether its anti-obesity effects are related to improvements in lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota. Methods and results: We tested the ability of HTE to prevent obesity and regulate gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed with a HFD. We found that HTE significantly reduced body weight, fat deposition, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and significantly increased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) induced by HFD. HTE also increased the levels of AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, up-regulated the expression of CPT-1, and downregulated the expression of SREBP1c and FAS. In addition, the administration of HTE significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota, reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides-vulgatus, and Faecalibaculum_rodentium, and decreased the relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Conclusions: Collectively, our data demonstrate that HTE can prevent HFD-induced obesity by regulating the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathways and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weiguo Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,The Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Bao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruixue Gong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Quji Luorong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juan Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Li P, Yao X, Zhou Q, Meng X, Zhou T, Gu Q. Citrus Peel Flavonoid Extracts: Health-Beneficial Bioactivities and Regulation of Intestinal Microecology in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888745. [PMID: 35685878 PMCID: PMC9171401 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus peel and its extracts are rich in flavonoids, which are beneficial to human health. In this study, the extraction, component analysis, biological activity and intestinal microbiota regulation of citrus peel flavonoid extracts (CPFEs) were investigated. CPFEs from 14 Chinese cultivars were purified by ultrasound-assisted extraction and XAD-16 macroporous resin. The total flavonoid content of lemon was greatest at 103.48 ± 0.68 mg/g dry weight (DW) by NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH spectrophotometry. Using high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection, the highest concentrations of naringin, hesperidin and eriocitrin were found in grapefruit (52.03 ± 0.51 mg/g DW), chachiensis (43.02 ± 0.37 mg/g DW) and lemon (27.72 ± 0.47 mg/g DW), respectively. Nobiletin was the most polymethoxylflavone in chachiensis at 16.91 ± 0.14 mg/g DW. CPFEs from chachiensis and grapefruit had better antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory and sodium glycocholate binding ability. In addition, chachiensis and grapefruit CPFEs had positive effects on intestinal microecology, as evidenced by a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp., and production of short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid, by a simulated human intestinal model. Collectively, our results highlight the biological function of CPFEs as prebiotic agents, indicating their potential use in food and biomedical applications.
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Khoo C, Duysburgh C, Marzorati M, Van den Abbeele P, Zhang D. A Freeze-Dried Cranberry Powder Consistently Enhances SCFA Production and Lowers Abundance of Opportunistic Pathogens In Vitro. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11020014. [PMID: 35822787 PMCID: PMC9264401 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, contains fibers and (poly)phenols that could exert health-promoting effects through modulation of gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate how a freeze-dried whole cranberry powder (FCP) modulated metabolite production and microbial composition using both a 48-h incubation strategy and a long-term human gut simulator study with the M-SHIME (Mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem). FCP was repeatedly administered over three weeks. The studies included five and three study subjects, respectively. In both models, FCP significantly increased levels of health-related short-chain fatty acids (SCFA: acetate, propionate and butyrate), while decreased levels of branched-chain fatty acids (markers of proteolytic fermentation). Interestingly, FCP consistently increased luminal Bacteroidetes abundances in the proximal colon of the M-SHIME (+17.5 ± 9.3%) at the expense of Proteobacteria (−10.2 ± 1.5%). At family level, this was due to the stimulation of Bacteroidaceae and Prevotellaceae and a decrease of Pseudomonodaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Despite of interpersonal differences, FCP also increased the abundance of families of known butyrate producers. Overall, FCP displayed an interesting prebiotic potential in vitro given its selective utilization by host microorganisms and potential health-related effects on inhibition of pathogens and selective stimulation of beneficial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Bridge Street 152, Middleborough, MA 02349, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Cindy Duysburgh
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.M.)
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van den Abbeele
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.M.)
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Derek Zhang
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Bridge Street 152, Middleborough, MA 02349, USA
- IQVIA, Emperor Boulevard 4820, Durham, NC 27703, USA;
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Hu Q, Liao W, Zhang Z, Shi S, Hou S, Ji N, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Liao Y, Li L, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Chen J, Yu F, Yang Q, Xiao H, Fu C, Du H, Wang Q, Cao H, Xiao H, Li R. The hepatoprotective effects of plant-based foods based on the "gut-liver axis": a prospective review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9136-9162. [PMID: 35466839 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the "gut-liver axis" in the pathogenesis of liver diseases has been revealed recently; which promotes the process of developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. However, considering that there are still many challenges in the medical treatment of liver diseases, potential preventive dietary intervention may be a good alternative choice. Plant-based foods have received much attention due to their reported health-promoting effects in targeting multiple pathways involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases as well as the relative safety for general use. Based on the PubMed and Web of Science databases, this review emphatically summarizes the plant-based foods and their chemical constituents with reported effects to impact the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway of gut-liver axis of various liver diseases, reflecting their health benefits in preventing/alleviating liver diseases. Moreover, some plant-based foods with potential gut-liver effects are specifically analyzed from the reported studies and conclusions. This review intends to provide readers an overview of the current progress in the field of this research topic. We expect to see more hepatoprotective measures for alleviating the current prevalence of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuguang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ningping Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Linghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fangkun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Heping Cao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
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Pectic polysaccharides: Targeting gut microbiota in obesity and intestinal health. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lan Y, Sun Q, Ma Z, Peng J, Zhang M, Wang C, Zhang X, Yan X, Chang L, Hou X, Qiao R, Mulati A, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Liu X. Seabuckthorn polysaccharide ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity by gut microbiota-SCFAs-liver axis. Food Funct 2022; 13:2925-2937. [PMID: 35191457 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been reported to be associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. seabuckthorn fruits have traditionally been used in Tibetan foods and medicines for thousands of years. Seabuckthorn polysaccharide (SP) is one of the main functional components in seabuckthorn fruits. However, the effects of SP on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity have not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to explore the amelioration effect of SP on obesity induced by HFD and to reveal its mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites. Results showed that 12-week SP (0.1%, w/w) dietary supplementation could significantly reduce body weight gain, serum lipid level and liver triglycerides level in obese mice. Notably, the SP treatment elevated p-AMPKα and PPARα proteins expression stimulated the phosphorylation of ACC1 and inhibited the protein expression of FAS, PPARγ, and CD36 in the mice liver. Further, SP also reorganized the gut microbiome by up-regulating the proportion of Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Bifidobacterium, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Alistipes, and Bacteroides, and down-regulating the abundance of Lactobacillus, Firmicutes_unclassified, Dubosiella Bilophila, and Streptococcus in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, the production of microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces has also increased. In addition, correlation analysis results showed that obesity-ameliorating effects of SP were highly associated with levels of SCFAs in feces. Therefore, the regulation of SP on liver lipid metabolism may be due to the variation of the gut microbiome and raised production of SCFAs. These results indicate that SP could play the part of a potential nutraceutical for ameliorating obesity through regulation of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Qingyang Sun
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Jing Peng
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Chi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xianfang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Xinglin Hou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Ruixue Qiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Aiziguli Mulati
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Qiao Y, Zhang Z, Zhai Y, Yan X, Zhou W, Liu H, Guan L, Peng L. Apigenin Alleviates Obesity-Associated Metabolic Syndrome by Regulating the Composition of the Gut Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:805827. [PMID: 35046924 PMCID: PMC8762173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.805827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, often viewed as a “digestive organ,” can influence the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Diet is significantly important in shaping the structure and modulating the function of the gut microbiota. Apigenin (Api) widely exists in fruits and vegetables as a naturally occurring flavonoid and has anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Its low bioavailability means it has enough time to interact with the intestine thus becomes a potential substrate for the gut intestine; thus, contributing to gut health. Here, we show that Api reduces whole-body weight, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Our results reflect that Api supplementation can substantially improve intestinal dysbiosis triggered by HFD and restores gut barrier damage by alleviating metabolic endotoxemia. Augmentation of Akkermansia and Incertae_Sedis along with reduction of Faecalibaculum and Dubosiella at the genus level potentially mediated the protective effects of Api on metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we show that the impact of Api on the reduction of body weight and the modification of gut microbiota could be transferred from Api-administered mice to HFD-feeding mice via horizontal fecal microbiota transplantation. Taken together, our data highlight the prebiotic role of Api and show its contribution to the restraint of gut dysbiosis and metabolic deterioration associated with obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Increased microbial diversity and decreased prevalence of common pathogens in the gut microbiomes of wild turkeys compared to domestic turkeys. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0142321. [PMID: 35044852 PMCID: PMC8904053 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01423-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) provide a globally important source of protein and constitute the second most important source of poultry meat in the world. Bacterial diseases are common in commercial poultry production causing significant production losses for farmers. Due to the increasingly recognized problems associated with large-scale/indiscriminant antibiotic use in agricultural settings, poultry producers need alternative methods to control common bacterial pathogens. In this study we compared the cecal microbiota of wild and domestic turkeys, hypothesizing that environmental pressures faced by wild birds may select for a disease-resistant microbial community. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes amplified from cecal samples indicate that free-roaming wild turkeys carry a rich and variable microbiota compared to domestic turkeys raised on large-scale poultry farms. Wild turkeys also had very low levels of Staphylococcus, Salmonella and E. coli when compared to domestic turkeys. E. coli strains isolated from wild or domestic turkey cecal samples also belong to distinct phylogenetic backgrounds and differ in their propensity to carry virulence genes. E. coli strains isolated from factory-raised turkeys were far more likely to carry genes for capsule (kpsII, kpsIII) or siderophore (iroN, fyuA) synthesis than those isolated from wild turkeys. These results suggest that the microbiota of wild turkeys may provide colonization resistance against common poultry pathogens. Importance Due to the increasingly recognized problems associated with antibiotic use in agricultural settings, poultry producers need alternative methods to control common bacterial pathogens. In this study we compare the microbiota of wild and domestic turkeys. Results suggest that free ranging wild turkeys carry a distinct microbiome when compared to farm raised turkeys. The microbiome of wild birds contains very low levels of poultry pathogens compared to farm raised birds. The microbiomes of wild turkeys may be used to guide development of new ways to control disease in large scale poultry production.
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Gut microbiota modulation by jabuticaba peel and its effect on glucose metabolism via inflammatory signaling. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:382-391. [PMID: 35198998 PMCID: PMC8850559 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jabuticaba is a Brazilian berry known for its therapeutic potential against cancer, obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and others. It is a natural source of bioactive compounds, leading to better glucose metabolism, and attenuating obesity and IR through the reduction of pro-inflammatory status. The present study aimed to observe the prebiotic effect of freeze-dried jabuticaba peel (J) consumption on gut bacteria profile and describe its effects on IR derived from the lipopolysaccharides/Toll-like receptor-4 inflammatory pathway. Jabuticaba peel was chemically characterized, and its bioactive compounds were quantified. Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were feed with a control diet (n = 6), control diet + J (n = 6), high-fat diet (HF) (n = 6), and HF + J (n = 6) for thirteen weeks. Gut bacteriota (16s RNA sequencing), glucose metabolism (fasting glucose and insulin, OGTT, ITT, HOMA-IR, and β, QUICKI), and inflammatory status (serum lipopolysaccharide, and protein expression) were assessed. The main bioactive compounds found in J were dietary fiber, and anthocyanins, and its consumption along with a healthy diet reduced the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota phyla (p < 0.01), increased the Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, and Faecalicatena genus (p < 0.05). The correlation test indicates a negative correlation between the Muribaculaceae and glucose metabolism. Jabuticaba peel is a nutritive source of bioactive compounds with prebiotic effects. Jabuticaba peel is a natural source of bioactive compounds with high anti-oxidant power. Jabuticaba peel in a healthy diet intake can modulate the gut bacteriota and increase short-chain fatty acids production. The consumption of freeze-dried jabuticaba peel does not alter the glucose metabolism via LPS-TLR4 pathway.
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63
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Nunes S, Viana SD, Preguiça I, Alves A, Fernandes R, Teodoro JS, Matos P, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, André A, Silva S, Jarak I, Carvalho RA, Cavadas C, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Pintado MM, Reis F. Blueberry Counteracts Prediabetes in a Hypercaloric Diet-Induced Rat Model and Rescues Hepatic Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Nutrients 2021; 13:4192. [PMID: 34959746 PMCID: PMC8706913 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The paramount importance of a healthy diet in the prevention of type 2 diabetes is now well recognized. Blueberries (BBs) have been described as attractive functional fruits for this purpose. This study aimed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms pertaining to the protective impact of blueberry juice (BJ) on prediabetes. Using a hypercaloric diet-induced prediabetic rat model, we evaluated the effects of BJ on glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles; gut microbiota composition; intestinal barrier integrity; and metabolic endotoxemia, as well as on hepatic metabolic surrogates, including several related to mitochondria bioenergetics. BJ supplementation for 14 weeks counteracted diet-evoked metabolic deregulation, improving glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and hypertriglyceridemia, along with systemic and hepatic antioxidant properties, without a significant impact on the gut microbiota composition and related mechanisms. In addition, BJ treatment effectively alleviated hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial dysfunction observed in the prediabetic animals, as suggested by the amelioration of bioenergetics parameters and key targets of inflammation, insulin signaling, ketogenesis, and fatty acids oxidation. In conclusion, the beneficial metabolic impact of BJ in prediabetes may be mainly explained by the rescue of hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics. These findings pave the way to support the use of BJ in prediabetes to prevent diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Inês Preguiça
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Alves
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João S. Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (A.F.); (L.S.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre Research Center, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (A.F.); (L.S.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (A.F.); (L.S.)
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre Research Center, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra André
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui A. Carvalho
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Clean Technologies and Processes, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (A.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria M. Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Shin JH, Ahn YJ, Chung WH, Lim MY, Hong S, Kim JH, Park MH, Nam YD. Effect of Saengshik Supplementation on the Gut Microbial Composition of Healthy Korean Adults: A Single-Group Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:743620. [PMID: 34746209 PMCID: PMC8568882 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.743620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Saengshik is a type of meal-replacement product or dietary supplement comprising an uncooked and dried plant-based food mixture with various health-promoting properties, such as antidiabetic, anti-dyslipidemic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Although these properties are considered attributable to the various bioactive components absorbed through the intestine and its remolding effect on intestinal microorganisms, the effect of Saengshik supplementation on gut microbiota profiles has not yet been studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of Saengshik administration on the composition of gut microbiota. This single-group design trial was conducted on 102 healthy men and women who received 40 g/day of Saengshik powder for 8 weeks, during which stool samples were collected at two fixed time points (baseline and the endpoint) for gut microbiota-profiling analysis. We observed a significant decrease in the α-diversity of gut microbiota after Saengshik consumption (P < 0.05), with significant changes identified in the composition of major microbial taxa, such as Bacteroidetes (P < 0.0001), Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia (P < 0.0001). Notably, the gut microbial response was related to the inter-individual variability of habitual dietary intake and enterotype at baseline. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the effects of Saengshik intake on changes in gut microbiota, with the results suggesting that individual habitual diet patterns and gut microbial shapes should be considered key aspects in Saengshik-mediated health-promotion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Shin
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Yong Ju Ahn
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Won-Hyong Chung
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Lim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Joong-Hark Kim
- Erom R&D Center, Erom Co., Ltd., Chuncheon-si, South Korea.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Mi Houn Park
- Erom R&D Center, Erom Co., Ltd., Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
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65
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Effect of chewing betel nut on the gut microbiota of Hainanese. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258489. [PMID: 34648581 PMCID: PMC8516201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel nut chewing (BNC) is prevalent in South Asia and Southeast Asia. BNC can affect host health by modulating the gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of BNC on the gut microbiota of the host. Feces samples were obtained from 34 BNC individuals from Ledong and Lingshui, Hainan, China. The microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BNC decreased the microbial α-diversity. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, accounting for 99.35% of the BNC group. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in the BNC group compared to a control group. The abundances of the families Aerococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Planococcaceae were decreased in the BNC/BNC_Male/BNC_Female groups compared to the control group, whereas the abundances of Coriobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Coxiellaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae were increased. In general, the gut microbiome profiles suggest that BNC may have positive effects, such as an increase in the abundance of beneficial microbes and a reduction in the abundance of disease-related microbes. However, BNC may also produce an increase in the abundance of disease-related microbes. Therefore, extraction of prebiotic components could increase the beneficial value of betel nut.
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66
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Secci R, Hartmann A, Walter M, Grabe HJ, Van der Auwera-Palitschka S, Kowald A, Palmer D, Rimbach G, Fuellen G, Barrantes I. Biomarkers of geroprotection and cardiovascular health: An overview of omics studies and established clinical biomarkers in the context of diet. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2426-2446. [PMID: 34648415 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1975638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The slowdown, inhibition, or reversal of age-related decline (as a composite of disease, dysfunction, and, ultimately, death) by diet or natural compounds can be defined as dietary geroprotection. While there is no single reliable biomarker to judge the effects of dietary geroprotection, biomarker signatures based on omics (epigenetics, gene expression, microbiome composition) are promising candidates. Recently, omic biomarkers started to supplement established clinical ones such as lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we focus on human data. We first summarize the current take on genetic biomarkers based on epidemiological studies. However, most of the remaining biomarkers that we describe, whether omics-based or clinical, are related to intervention studies. Then, because of their promising potential in the context of dietary geroprotection, we focus on the effects of berry-based interventions, which up to now have been mostly described employing clinical markers. We provide an aggregation and tabulation of all the recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses that we could find related to this topic. Finally, we present evidence for the importance of the "nutribiography," that is, the influence that an individual's history of diet and natural compound consumption can have on the effects of dietary geroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Secci
- Junior Research Group Translational Bioinformatics, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charite University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera-Palitschka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Kowald
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Israel Barrantes
- Junior Research Group Translational Bioinformatics, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Nunes S, Vieira P, Gomes P, Viana SD, Reis F. Blueberry as an Attractive Functional Fruit to Prevent (Pre)Diabetes Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1162. [PMID: 34439410 PMCID: PMC8389043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes, a subclinical impairment between euglycemia and hyperglycemia, is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated micro- and macrovascular complications. Lifestyle therapy, the first-line treatment of prediabetes, includes physical exercise and dietary regimens enriched in phytochemicals with health-related properties. Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), given their pleasant taste and great abundance in beneficial phytochemicals, have gained public interest all over the world. Along with a high antioxidant activity, this functional fruit is also well-recognized due to its hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing effects and has been recommended for overt T2DM management. Yet blueberries target several other pathophysiological traits, namely gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic dysmetabolism, that ensue when prediabetes begins and for which pharmacological interventions tend to be delayed. In this work, we revisited preclinical data from in vitro assays, animal models and human studies, aiming to disclose the potential mechanisms by which blueberries may be a fruitful source of phytochemicals able to prevent (pre)diabetes progression. Collectively, future efforts should focus on longer-term studies with standardized interventions and readouts, particularly in humans, that will hopefully bring more robust evidence and concrete guidance for blueberries' effective use in prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vieira
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Domingues Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Pharmacy/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Buljeta I, Pichler A, Šimunović J, Kopjar M. Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Citrus Fiber/Blackberry Juice Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154400. [PMID: 34361554 PMCID: PMC8347997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the use of citrus fiber as a carrier of blackberry juice polyphenols. For that purpose, freeze-dried complexes with blackberry juice and different amounts of citrus fiber (1%, 2% and 4%) were prepared. Complexes were evaluated spectrophotometrically for total polyphenols, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activity. Analyses of individual polyphenols were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. IR spectra were recorded to confirm encapsulation. All analyses were performed after preparation and after eight months of storage, in order to examine the stability of formed complexes. The obtained results indicated that increasing the amount of fiber led to a decrease in the concentration of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of complexes. Cyanidin 3-glucoside was the prevalent anthocyanin in complexes (138.32–246.45 mg/100 g), while cyanidin 3-dioxalylglucoside was present at lower concentrations (22.19–31.45 mg/100 g). The other identified and quantified polyphenols were hesperidin (from citrus fiber), ellagic acid and quercetin (1317.59–1571.65 mg/100 g, 31.94–50.11 mg/100 g and 20.11–33.77 mg/100 g, respectively). Degradation of polyphenols occurred during storage. Results obtained in this study confirmed that citrus fiber could be used for the formulation of novel bioactive additives. Such additives could enhance the antioxidant potential of products to which they are added, such as baked goods, dairy, or fruit products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Buljeta
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Anita Pichler
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Josip Šimunović
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Mirela Kopjar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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69
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Structure and composition of blueberry fiber pectin and xyloglucan that bind anthocyanins during fruit puree processing. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rodríguez-Daza MC, Pulido-Mateos EC, Lupien-Meilleur J, Guyonnet D, Desjardins Y, Roy D. Polyphenol-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation: Toward Prebiotics and Further. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689456. [PMID: 34268328 PMCID: PMC8276758 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of gut microbes encodes a collection of enzymes whose metabolic functions contribute to the bioavailability and bioactivity of unabsorbed (poly)phenols. Datasets from high throughput sequencing, metabolome measurements, and other omics have expanded the understanding of the different modes of actions by which (poly)phenols modulate the microbiome conferring health benefits to the host. Progress have been made to identify direct prebiotic effects of (poly)phenols; albeit up to date, these compounds are not recognized as prebiotics sensu stricto. Interestingly, certain probiotics strains have an enzymatic repertoire, such as tannase, α-L-rhamnosidase, and phenolic acid reductase, involved in the transformation of different (poly)phenols into bioactive phenolic metabolites. In vivo studies have demonstrated that these (poly)phenol-transforming bacteria thrive when provided with phenolic substrates. However, other taxonomically distinct gut symbionts of which a phenolic-metabolizing activity has not been demonstrated are still significantly promoted by (poly)phenols. This is the case of Akkermansia muciniphila, a so-called antiobesity bacterium, which responds positively to (poly)phenols and may be partially responsible for the health benefits formerly attributed to these molecules. We surmise that (poly)phenols broad antimicrobial action free ecological niches occupied by competing bacteria, thereby allowing the bloom of beneficial gut bacteria. This review explores the capacity of (poly)phenols to promote beneficial gut bacteria through their direct and collaborative bacterial utilization and their inhibitory action on potential pathogenic species. We propose the term duplibiotic, to describe an unabsorbed substrate modulating the gut microbiota by both antimicrobial and prebiotic modes of action. (Poly)phenol duplibiotic effect could participate in blunting metabolic disturbance and gut dysbiosis, positioning these compounds as dietary strategies with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Rodríguez-Daza
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Elena C Pulido-Mateos
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Lupien-Meilleur
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Guyonnet
- Diana Nova, Symrise Nutrition, Clichy-la-Garenne, France
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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71
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Al Othaim A, Marasini D, Carbonero F. Impact of cranberry juice consumption on gut and vaginal microbiota in postmenopausal women. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Al Othaim
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
- Department of Medical Laboratories College of Applied Medical Sciences Majmaah University Al‐Majmaah Saudi Arabia
| | - Daya Marasini
- Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
- Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
- Department of Food Science Washington State University Spokane Washington USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Elson Floyd School of Medicine Washington State University Spokane Spokane Washington USA
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72
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Neto CC, Mortzfeld BM, Turbitt JR, Bhattarai SK, Yeliseyev V, DiBenedetto N, Bry L, Bucci V. Proanthocyanidin-enriched cranberry extract induces resilient bacterial community dynamics in a gnotobiotic mouse model. MICROBIAL CELL 2021; 8:131-142. [PMID: 34055966 PMCID: PMC8144911 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.06.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry consumption has numerous health benefits, with experimental reports showing its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Importantly, microbiome research has demonstrated that the gastrointestinal bacterial community modulates host immunity, raising the question of whether the cranberry-derived effect may be related to its ability to modulate the microbiome. Only a few studies have investigated the effect of cranberry products on the microbiome to date. Especially because cranberries are rich in dietary fibers, the extent of microbiome modulation by polyphenols, particularly proanthocyanidins (PACs), remains to be shown. Since previous work has only focused on long-term effects of cranberry extracts, in this study we investigated the effect of a water-soluble, PAC-rich cranberry juice extract (CJE) on the short-term dynamics of a human-derived bacterial community in a gnotobiotic mouse model. CJE characterization revealed a high enrichment in PACs (57%), the highest ever utilized in a microbiome study. In a 37-day experiment with a ten-day CJE intervention and 14-day recovery phase, we profiled the microbiota via 16S rRNA sequencing and applied diverse time-series analytics methods to identify individual bacterial responses. We show that daily administration of CJE induces distinct dynamic patterns in bacterial abundances during and after treatment, before recovering resiliently to pre-treatment levels. Specifically, we observed an increase of Akkermansia muciniphila and Clostridium hiranonis at the expense of Bacteroides ovatus after the offset of the selection pressure imposed by the PAC-rich CJE. This demonstrates that termination of an intervention with a cranberry product can induce changes of a magnitude as high as the intervention itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Neto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA.,UMass Cranberry Health Research Center, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA
| | - Benedikt M Mortzfeld
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - John R Turbitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA.,UMass Cranberry Health Research Center, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA
| | - Shakti K Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Vladimir Yeliseyev
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Nicholas DiBenedetto
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Lynn Bry
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- UMass Cranberry Health Research Center, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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73
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Wang S, Zhou J, Xiao D, Shu G, Gu L. Bovine Lactoferrin Protects Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt Mice Against Inflammation and Impairment of Colonic Epithelial Barrier by Regulating Gut Microbial Structure and Metabolites. Front Nutr 2021; 8:660598. [PMID: 33954162 PMCID: PMC8092122 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.660598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis is characterized by relapsing and remitting mucosal inflammation. Bovine lactoferrin (BL) is a multifunctional protein that could regulate the intestinal flora and has anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of BL on colitis. Methods: Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) was utilized to establish a mouse model of colitis. BL was administered to treat DSS mice. The weight, the activity, and fecal status of the mice were recorded every day. Disease activity index was calculated. After the mice were euthanized, the colon length was measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the colon, and histological activity index was calculated. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of colon tissue was measured. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1. The expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β in colon tissue were detected by ELISA. The protein expressions of MUC2, Reg3γ, β-defensin (HBD-2), and cAMP were detected by immunofluorescence (IF). 16S rDNA sequencing determined the type and structure of intestinal flora. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) measured the metabolites of the intestinal flora. Results: Compared with the DSS group, the mice's weight in the BL group was higher and the length of the colon was longer. At the 14th day, MPO activity was higher in the BL group. The expressions of Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 in the colon were up-regulated in the BL group compared with the DSS group. The expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were lower. The expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β were higher. IF showed that the expressions of MUC2 and β-defensin (HBD-2) were down-regulated, and the expressions of Reg3γ and cAMP were up-regulated. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the alpha diversity and beta diversity were notably changed in the DSS mice treated with BL. Metabolomics results showed that BL changed purine metabolism in the DSS mice. Conclusion: BL alleviated colitis in mice by improving the inflammatory response and the structure of the colon barrier in the colon. BL changed the composition and metabolites of the intestinal flora. Thus, BL might be an effective nutritional supplement for colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Shekou People's Hospital of Central South University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoshun Shu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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74
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Leclerc M, Dudonné S, Calon F. Can Natural Products Exert Neuroprotection without Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073356. [PMID: 33805947 PMCID: PMC8037419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of evidence on the neuroprotective impact of natural products has been greatly extended in recent years. However, a key question that remains to be answered is whether natural products act directly on targets located in the central nervous system (CNS), or whether they act indirectly through other mechanisms in the periphery. While molecules utilized for brain diseases are typically bestowed with a capacity to cross the blood–brain barrier, it has been recently uncovered that peripheral metabolism impacts brain functions, including cognition. The gut–microbiota–brain axis is receiving increasing attention as another indirect pathway for orally administered compounds to act on the CNS. In this review, we will briefly explore these possibilities focusing on two classes of natural products: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) from marine sources and polyphenols from plants. The former will be used as an example of a natural product with relatively high brain bioavailability but with tightly regulated transport and metabolism, and the latter as an example of natural compounds with low brain bioavailability, yet with a growing amount of preclinical and clinical evidence of efficacy. In conclusion, it is proposed that bioavailability data should be sought early in the development of natural products to help identifying relevant mechanisms and potential impact on prevalent CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- OptiNutriBrain-Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- OptiNutriBrain-Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- OptiNutriBrain-Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-525-4444 (ext. 48697); Fax: +1-(418)-654-2761
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75
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Shabbir U, Rubab M, Daliri EBM, Chelliah R, Javed A, Oh DH. Curcumin, Quercetin, Catechins and Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:206. [PMID: 33445760 PMCID: PMC7828240 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Shabbir
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
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76
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Paternal Methyl Donor Supplementation in Rats Improves Fertility, Physiological Outcomes, Gut Microbial Signatures and Epigenetic Markers Altered by High Fat/High Sucrose Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020689. [PMID: 33445606 PMCID: PMC7826956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased consumption of high fat/sucrose (HF/S) diets has contributed to rising rates of obesity and its co-morbidities globally, while also negatively impacting male reproductive health. Our objective was to examine whether adding a methyl donor cocktail to paternal HF/S diet (HF/S+M) improves health status in fathers and offspring. From 3–12 weeks of age, male Sprague Dawley rats consumed a HF/S or HF/S+M diet. Offspring were followed until 16 weeks of age. Body composition, metabolic markers, gut microbiota, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and microRNA expression were measured in fathers and offspring. Compared to HF/S, paternal HF/S+M diet reduced fat mass in offspring (p < 0.005). HF/S+M fathers consumed 16% fewer kcal/day, which persisted in HF/S+M female offspring and was explained in part by changes in serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels. Compared to HF/S, HF/S+M fathers had a 33% improvement in days until conception and 300% fewer stillbirths. In fathers, adipose tissue DNMT3a and hepatic miR-34a expression were reduced with HF/S+M. Adult male offspring showed upregulated miR-24, -33, -122a and -143 expression while females exhibited downregulated miR-33 expression. Fathers and offspring presented differences in gut microbial signatures. Supplementing a paternal HF/S diet with methyl-donors improved fertility, physiological outcomes, epigenetic and gut microbial signatures intergenerationally.
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77
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Mena P, Bresciani L. Dietary fibre modifies gut microbiota: what’s the role of (poly)phenols? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:783-784. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1826913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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