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Raspopovic S, Cimolato A, Panarese A, Vallone F, Del Valle J, Micera S, Navarro X. Neural signal recording and processing in somatic neuroprosthetic applications. A review. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 337:108653. [PMID: 32114143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurointerfaces have acquired major relevance as both rehabilitative and therapeutic tools for patients with spinal cord injury, limb amputations and other neural disorders. Bidirectional neural interfaces are a key component for the functional control of neuroprosthetic devices. The two main neuroprosthetic applications of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are: the refined control of artificial prostheses with sensory neural feedback, and functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems attempting to generate motor or visceral responses in paralyzed organs. The results obtained in experimental and clinical studies with both, extraneural and intraneural electrodes are very promising in terms of the achieved functionality for the neural stimulation mode. However, the results of neural recordings with peripheral nerve interfaces are more limited. In this paper we review the different existing approaches for PNS signals recording, denoising, processing and classification, enabling their use for bidirectional interfaces. PNS recordings can provide three types of signals: i) population activity signals recorded by using extraneural electrodes placed on the outer surface of the nerve, which carry information about cumulative nerve activity; ii) spike activity signals recorded with intraneural electrodes placed inside the nerve, which carry information about the electrical activity of a set of individual nerve fibers; and iii) hybrid signals, which contain both spiking and cumulative signals. Finally, we also point out some of the main limitations, which are hampering clinical translation of neural decoding, and indicate possible solutions for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisa Raspopovic
- Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cimolato
- Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland; NEARLab - Neuroengineering and Medical Robotics Laboratory, DEIB Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy; IIT Central Research Labs Genova, Istituto Italiano Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Vallone
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jaume Del Valle
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, CIBERNED, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, I-56127, Pisa, Italy; Translational Neural Engineering Laboratory, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, CIBERNED, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Institut Guttmann De Neurorehabilitació, Badalona, Spain.
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52
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Holmkvist AD, Agorelius J, Forni M, Nilsson UJ, Linsmeier CE, Schouenborg J. Local delivery of minocycline-loaded PLGA nanoparticles from gelatin-coated neural implants attenuates acute brain tissue responses in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:27. [PMID: 32024534 PMCID: PMC7003334 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-0585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural interfaces often elicit inflammatory responses and neuronal loss in the surrounding tissue which adversely affect the function and longevity of the implanted device. Minocycline, an anti-inflammatory pharmaceutics with neuroprotective properties, may be used for reducing the acute brain tissue responses after implantation. However, conventional administration routes require high doses which can cause adverse systemic side effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new drug-delivery-system for local and sustained administration of minocycline in the brain. METHODS Stainless steel needles insulated with Parylene-C were dip-coated with non-crosslinked gelatin and minocycline-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (MC-NPs) were incorporated into the gelatin-coatings by an absorption method and subsequently trapped by drying the gelatin. Parylene-C insulated needles coated only with gelatin were used as controls. The expression of markers for activated microglia (CD68), all microglia (CX3CR1-GFP), reactive astrocytes (GFAP), neurons (NeuN) and all cell nuclei (DAPI) surrounding the implantation sites were quantified at 3 and 7 days after implantation in mice. RESULTS MC-NPs were successfully incorporated into gelatin-coatings of neural implants by an absorption method suitable for thermosensitive drug-loads. Immunohistochemical analysis of the in vivo brain tissue responses, showed that MC-NPs significantly attenuate the activation of microglial cells without effecting the overall population of microglial cells around the implantation sites. A delayed but significant reduction of the astrocytic response was also found in comparison to control implants. No effect on neurons or total cell count was found which may suggest that the MC-NPs are non-toxic to the central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS A novel drug-nanoparticle-delivery-system was developed for neural interfaces and thermosensitive drug-loads. The local delivery of MC-NPs was shown to attenuate the acute brain tissue responses nearby an implant and therefore may be useful for improving biocompatibility of implanted neuro-electronic interfaces. The developed drug-delivery-system may potentially also be used for other pharmaceutics to provide highly localized and therefore more specific effects as compared to systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dontsios Holmkvist
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404 A2, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden. .,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Johan Agorelius
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404 A2, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden.,NanoLund, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilde Forni
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404 A2, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Eriksson Linsmeier
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404 A2, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Schouenborg
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404 A2, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden. .,NanoLund, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 223 63, Lund, Sweden.
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53
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Ayata P, Schaefer A. Innate sensing of mechanical properties of brain tissue by microglia. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 62:123-130. [PMID: 32058296 PMCID: PMC7067639 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
External organic or inorganic objects (foreign bodies) that are inadvertently or purposefully placed in the human or animal tissues can trigger local tissue responses that aim at the elimination and/or segregation of foreign bodies from the tissue. The foreign body response (FBR) may have major implications for neurodegeneration associated with the formation of aberrant protein-based aggregates or plaques. The distinct physical features of the plaques, including high rigidity and varying surface properties, may trigger microglial mechanosensing of the plaque as a foreign body. The microglial FBR may have a dual function by promoting and/or suppressing the plaque driven neurodegeneration. Microglial contact with the plaque may trigger inflammatory activation of microglia and support microglia-driven neuronal damage. Conversely, persistent microglial activation may trigger the formation of a microglia-supported cell barrier that segregates and compacts the plaques thus preventing further plaque-induced damage to healthy neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ayata
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Center for Glial Biology, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Precision Immunology Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anne Schaefer
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Center for Glial Biology, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Precision Immunology Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Corresponding author
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54
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Scida K, Plaxco KW, Jamieson BG. High frequency, real-time neurochemical and neuropharmacological measurements in situ in the living body. Transl Res 2019; 213:50-66. [PMID: 31361988 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The beautiful and complex brain machinery is perfectly synchronized, and our bodies have evolved to protect it against a myriad of potential threats. Shielded physically by the skull and chemically by the blood brain barrier, the brain processes internal and external information so that we can efficiently relate to the world that surrounds us while simultaneously and unconsciously controlling our vital functions. When coupled with the brittle nature of its internal chemical and electric signals, the brain's "armor" render accessing it a challenging and delicate endeavor that has historically limited our understanding of its structural and neurochemical intricacies. In this review, we briefly summarize the advancements made over the past 10 years to decode the brain's neurochemistry and neuropharmacology in situ, at the site of interest in the brain, with special focus on what we consider game-changing emerging technologies (eg, genetically encoded indicators and electrochemical aptamer-based sensors) and the challenges these must overcome before chronic, in situ chemosensing measurements become routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Scida
- Diagnostic Biochips, Inc., Glen Burnie, Maryland
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
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55
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Dolan EB, Varela CE, Mendez K, Whyte W, Levey RE, Robinson ST, Maye E, O'Dwyer J, Beatty R, Rothman A, Fan Y, Hochstein J, Rothenbucher SE, Wylie R, Starr JR, Monaghan M, Dockery P, Duffy GP, Roche ET. An actuatable soft reservoir modulates host foreign body response. Sci Robot 2019; 4:4/33/eaax7043. [PMID: 33137787 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aax7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The performance of indwelling medical devices that depend on an interface with soft tissue is plagued by complex, unpredictable foreign body responses. Such devices-including breast implants, biosensors, and drug delivery devices-are often subject to a collection of biological host responses, including fibrosis, which can impair device functionality. This work describes a milliscale dynamic soft reservoir (DSR) that actively modulates the biomechanics of the biotic-abiotic interface by altering strain, fluid flow, and cellular activity in the peri-implant tissue. We performed cyclical actuation of the DSR in a preclinical rodent model. Evaluation of the resulting host response showed a significant reduction in fibrous capsule thickness (P = 0.0005) in the actuated DSR compared with non-actuated controls, whereas the collagen density and orientation were not changed. We also show a significant reduction in myofibroblasts (P = 0.0036) in the actuated group and propose that actuation-mediated strain reduces differentiation and proliferation of myofibroblasts and therefore extracellular matrix production. Computational models quantified the effect of actuation on the reservoir and surrounding fluid. By adding a porous membrane and a therapy reservoir to the DSR, we demonstrate that, with actuation, we could (i) increase transport of a therapy analog and (ii) enhance pharmacokinetics and time to functional effect of an inotropic agent. The dynamic reservoirs presented here may act as a versatile tool to further understand, and ultimately to ameliorate, the host response to implantable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Dolan
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C E Varela
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Mendez
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - W Whyte
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R E Levey
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S T Robinson
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Maye
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J O'Dwyer
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - R Beatty
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Rothman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Y Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Hochstein
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S E Rothenbucher
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Wylie
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J R Starr
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Core, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Monaghan
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P Dockery
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - G P Duffy
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. .,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - E T Roche
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Dorand RD, Benson BL, Huang LF, Petrosiute A, Huang AY. Insights From Dynamic Neuro-Immune Imaging on Murine Immune Responses to CNS Damage. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:737. [PMID: 31379488 PMCID: PMC6650615 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolving technologies and increasing understanding of human physiology over the past century have afforded our ability to intervene on human diseases using implantable bio-materials. These bio-electronic devices present a unique challenge through the creation of an interface between the native tissue and implantable bio-materials: the generation of host immune response surrounding such devices. While recent developments in cancer immunology seek to stimulate the immune system against cancer, successful long-term application of implantable bio-material devices need to durably minimize reactive immune processes at involved anatomical sites. Peripheral immune system response has been studied extensively for implanted bio-materials at various body sites. Examples include tooth composites (Gitalis et al., 2019), inguinal hernia repair (Heymann et al., 2019), and cardiac stents and pacemaker leads (Slee et al., 2016). Studies have also been extended to less well-studied immune reactivity in response to CNS neural-electronic implant devices. Recent technological advances in 2-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy (2P-LSM) have allowed novel insights into in vivo immune response in a variety of tissue microenvironments. While imaging of peripheral tissues has provided an abundance of data with regards to immune cell dynamics, central nervous system (CNS) imaging is comparatively complicated by tissue accessibility and manipulation. Despite these challenges, the results of dynamic intravital neuro-immune imaging thus far have provided foundational insights into basic CNS biology. Utilizing a combination of intravital and ex vivo 2P-LSM, we have observed novel pathways allowing immune cells, stromal cells, cancer cells and proteins to communicate between the CNS parenchyma and peripheral vasculature. Similar to what has been reported in the intestinal tract, we have visualized myeloid cells extend dendritic processes across the blood brain barrier (BBB) into pial blood vessels. Furthermore, transient vessel leaks seen during systemic inflammation provide opportunities for cellular protein to be exchanged between the periphery and CNS. These insights provide new, visual information regarding immune surveillance and antigen presentation within the CNS. Furthermore, when combining intravital 2P-LSM and microfluidic devices complexed with mathematical modeling, we are gaining new insights into the intravascular behavior of circulating immune cells. This new knowledge into the basic mechanisms by which cells migrate to and interact with the CNS provide important considerations for the design of neuro-electronic biomaterials that have the potential to connect the peripheral-neural microenvironments into a unique, artificial interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dixon Dorand
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bryan L Benson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lauren F Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Agne Petrosiute
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult (AYA) Cancer Institute/University Hospitals (UH) Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult (AYA) Cancer Institute/University Hospitals (UH) Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
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57
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Kosta P, Warren DJ, Lazzi G. Selective stimulation of rat sciatic nerve using an array of mm-size magnetic coils: a simulation study. Healthc Technol Lett 2019; 6:70-75. [PMID: 31341631 PMCID: PMC6595541 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2018.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes and computationally investigate the use of magnetic neural stimulation as an alternative to electrical stimulation to achieve selective activation of rat sciatic nerve. In particular, they assess the effectiveness of an array of small coils to obtain selective neural stimulation, as compared to a single coil. Specifically, an array of four mm-sized coils is used to stimulate rat sciatic nerve, targeting the regions of fascicles that are associated with different muscles of the leg. To evaluate the selectivity of activation, a three-dimensional heterogeneous multi-resolution nerve model is implemented using the impedance method for the computation of the magnetic and electric fields in the nerve. The performance metric 'selectivity index' is defined that measures the recruitment of the targeted region compared to other non-targeted regions of the nerve. The selectivity index takes values between -1 (least selective) and 1 (most selective). For each targeted region, a selectivity index of 0.75 or better is predicted for the proposed array configuration. The results suggest that an array of coils can provide superior spatial control of the electric field induced in the neural tissue compared to traditional extraneural electrode arrays, thus opening the possibility to applications where selective neurostimulation is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Kosta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David J. Warren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gianluca Lazzi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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58
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Xu J, Guo H, Nguyen AT, Lim H, Yang Z. A Bidirectional Neuromodulation Technology for Nerve Recording and Stimulation. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9110538. [PMID: 30715037 PMCID: PMC6267106 DOI: 10.3390/mi9110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrical nerve recording and stimulation technologies are critically needed to monitor and modulate nerve activity to treat a variety of neurological diseases. However, current neuromodulation technologies presented in the literature or commercially available products cannot support simultaneous recording and stimulation on the same nerve. To solve this problem, a new bidirectional neuromodulation system-on-chip (SoC) is proposed in this paper, which includes a frequency-shaping neural recorder and a fully integrated neural stimulator with charge balancing capability. In addition, auxiliary circuits consisting of power management and data transmission circuits are designed to provide the necessary power supply for the SoC and the bidirectional data communication between the SoC and an external computer via a universal serial bus (USB) interface, respectively. To achieve sufficient low input noise for sensing nerve activity at a sub-10 μV range, several noise reduction techniques are developed in the neural recorder. The designed SoC was fabricated in a 0.18 μm high-voltage Bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) process technology that was described in a previous publication and it has been recently tested in animal experiments that demonstrate the proposed SoC is capable of achieving reliable and simultaneous electrical stimulation and recording on the same nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Hongsun Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Hubert Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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59
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Jung R, Abbas JJ, Kuntaegowdanahalli S, Thota AK. Bionic intrafascicular interfaces for recording and stimulating peripheral nerve fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:55-69. [PMID: 29480906 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The network of peripheral nerves presents extraordinary potential for modulating and/or monitoring the functioning of internal organs or the brain. The degree to which these pathways can be used to influence or observe neural activity patterns will depend greatly on the quality and specificity of the bionic interface. The anatomical organization, which consists of multiple nerve fibers clustered into fascicles within a nerve bundle, presents opportunities and challenges that may necessitate insertion of electrodes into individual fascicles to achieve the specificity that may be required for many clinical applications. This manuscript reviews the current state-of-the-art in bionic intrafascicular interfaces, presents specific concerns for stimulation and recording, describes key implementation considerations and discusses challenges for future designs of bionic intrafascicular interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, EC2602, 10555 W Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33134, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, EC2602, 10555 W Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33134, USA
| | - James J Abbas
- Center for Adaptive Neural Systems, School of Biological & Health Systems Engineering, PO Box 879709 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA.,Center for Adaptive Neural Systems, School of Biological & Health Systems Engineering, PO Box 879709 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA
| | - Sathyakumar Kuntaegowdanahalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, EC2602, 10555 W Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33134, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, EC2602, 10555 W Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33134, USA
| | - Anil K Thota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, EC2602, 10555 W Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33134, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, EC2602, 10555 W Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33134, USA
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