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Tie D, Da X, Natsuga K, Yamada N, Yamamoto O, Morita E. Bullous Pemphigoid IgG Induces Cell Dysfunction and Enhances the Motility of Epidermal Keratinocytes via Rac1/Proteasome Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:200. [PMID: 30809225 PMCID: PMC6379344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of blisters, in which autoantibodies mainly target type XVII collagen (ColXVII) expressed in basal keratinocytes. BP IgG is known to induce the internalization of ColXVII from the plasma membrane of keratinocytes through macropinocytosis. However, the cellular dynamics following ColXVII internalization have not been completely elucidated. BP IgG exerts a precise effect on cultured keratinocytes, and the morphological/functional changes in BP IgG-stimulated cells lead to the subepidermal blistering associated with BP pathogenesis. Based on the electron microscopy examination, BP IgG-stimulated cells exhibit alterations in the cell membrane structure and the accumulation of intracellular vesicles. These morphological changes in the BP IgG-stimulated cells are accompanied by dysfunctional mitochondria, increased production of reactive oxygen species, increased motility, and detachment. BP IgG triggers the cascade leading to metabolic impairments and stimulates cell migration in the treated keratinocytes. These cellular alterations are reversed by pharmacological inhibitors of Rac1 or the proteasome pathway, suggesting that Rac1 and proteasome activation are involved in the effects of BP IgG on cultured keratinocytes. Our study highlights the role of keratinocyte kinetics in the direct functions of IgG in patients with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duerna Tie
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Xia Da
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nanako Yamada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Eishin Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan,*Correspondence: Eishin Morita
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52
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Liu H, Sun M, Liu Z, Kong C, Kong W, Ye J, Gong J, Huang DCS, Qian F. KRAS-enhanced macropinocytosis and reduced FcRn-mediated recycling sensitize pancreatic cancer to albumin-conjugated drugs. J Control Release 2019; 296:40-53. [PMID: 30653981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a dominantly (~95%) KRAS-mutant cancer that has extremely poor prognosis, in part this is due to its strong intrinsic resistance towards almost all therapeutic agents. PDAC relies heavily on KRAS-transformed metabolism, including enhanced macropinocytosis and catabolism of extracellular albumin, to maintain its proliferation and progression. However, it has yet to be validated that whether such transformed metabolism could be exploited for the drug delivery to open therapeutic windows of cytotoxic agents in KRAS-mutant PDAC. In this study, we attempt to answer this question by focusing on the impact of two critical regulators of albumin catabolism, KRAS and the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), on the sensitivity of PDAC to doxorubicin (DOX, a model cytotoxic agent) and albumin-conjugated doxorubicin (DOX-ALB). Using cell lines and cell-derived xenografts with different KRAS genotypes and FcRn levels, we demonstrated that KRAS-enhanced macropinocytosis and reduced FcRn expression sensitize PDAC to DOX-ALB but not free DOX. In both in vitro and in vivo comparsion, the DOX-ALB demonstrated ~10 times enlarged therapeutic window compared with free DOX, in PDAC with KRAS mutation and reduced FcRn level, two events appear to occur simultaneously in the investigated PDAC. In summary, we conclude that albumin conjugation is an exploitable drug delivery strategy that significantly opens the therapeutic windows of otherwise undevelopable anti-cancer agents for KRAS-mutant PDAC therapy, and creates a new landscape for clinical evaluation and future translation of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengnan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengsheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weijian Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junxiao Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianan Gong
- Departments of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David C S Huang
- Departments of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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53
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Peddi S, Pan X, MacKay JA. Intracellular Delivery of Rapamycin From FKBP Elastin-Like Polypeptides Is Consistent With Macropinocytosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1184. [PMID: 30386244 PMCID: PMC6199897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin (Rapa) is a highly potent drug; however, its clinical potential is limited by poor solubility, bioavailability, and cytotoxicity. To improve Rapa delivery, our team has fused the cognate protein receptor for Rapa, FKBP12, to high molecular weight elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs). One construct, FAF, includes an FKBP domain at each termini of an ELP. In a recent report, FAF/Rapa outperformed a family of related carriers with higher tumor accumulation and efficacy. Despite apparent efficacy, an explanation for how FAF carries Rapa into cells has not been elucidated. This manuscript explores the intracellular fate of FAF in MDA-MB-468, a triple negative (ER-/PR-/HER2-) breast cancer line. Based on a lack of displacement by excess unlabeled FAF, no evidence was found for the involvement of a receptor in cell-surface binding. Cellular association showed no dose-dependent saturation at concentrations up to 100 μM, which is consistent with uptake through fluid phase endocytosis. FAF does colocalize with dextran, a marker of fluid phase endocytosis. Upon internalization, both FAF and dextran target low pH intracellular compartments similarly. Despite likely exposure to lysosomal pH and proteolytic activity, intracellular FAF is eliminated from cells with a relatively long half-life of 17.7 and 19.0 h by confocal microscopy and SDS-PAGE respectively. A split luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that FAF delays the cytosolic access of Rapa in comparison to free drug by 30 min. A specific macropinocytosis inhibitor, amiloride, completely inhibits the cytosolic delivery of Rapa from FAF. Each of these results are consistent with macropinocytosis as the mechanism of cellular uptake necessary for the hand-off of Rapa from FKBP-based drug carriers like FAF to endogenous FKBP12 in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Peddi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - John Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, United States
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54
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Su Y, Liu Y, Behrens CR, Bidlingmaier S, Lee NK, Aggarwal R, Sherbenou DW, Burlingame AL, Hann BC, Simko JP, Premasekharan G, Paris PL, Shuman MA, Seo Y, Small EJ, Liu B. Targeting CD46 for both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121497. [PMID: 30185663 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although initially responsive to androgen signaling inhibitors (ASIs), metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) inevitably develops and is incurable. In addition to adenocarcinoma (adeno), neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) emerges to confer ASI resistance. We have previously combined laser capture microdissection and phage antibody display library selection on human cancer specimens and identified novel internalizing antibodies binding to tumor cells residing in their tissue microenvironment. We identified the target antigen for one of these antibodies as CD46, a multifunctional protein that is best known for negatively regulating the innate immune system. CD46 is overexpressed in primary tumor tissue and CRPC (localized and metastatic; adeno and NEPC), but expressed at low levels on normal tissues except for placental trophoblasts and prostate epithelium. Abiraterone- and enzalutamide-treated mCRPC cells upregulate cell surface CD46 expression. Genomic analysis showed that the CD46 gene is gained in 45% abiraterone-resistant mCRPC patients. We conjugated a tubulin inhibitor to our macropinocytosing anti-CD46 antibody and showed that the resulting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) potently and selectively kills both adeno and NEPC cell lines in vitro (sub-nM EC50) but not normal cells. CD46 ADC regressed and eliminated an mCRPC cell line xenograft in vivo in both subcutaneous and intrafemoral models. Exploratory toxicology studies of the CD46 ADC in non-human primates demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. Thus, CD46 is an excellent target for antibody-based therapy development, which has potential to be applicable to both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine types of mCRPC that are resistant to current treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Jeffry P Simko
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology
| | | | - Pamela L Paris
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Urology, and
| | | | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Department of Medicine.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Urology, and
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
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Chiasson-MacKenzie C, Morris ZS, Liu CH, Bradford WB, Koorman T, McClatchey AI. Merlin/ERM proteins regulate growth factor-induced macropinocytosis and receptor recycling by organizing the plasma membrane:cytoskeleton interface. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1201-1214. [PMID: 30143526 PMCID: PMC6120716 DOI: 10.1101/gad.317354.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The architectural and biochemical features of the plasma membrane are governed by its intimate association with the underlying cortical cytoskeleton. The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor merlin and closely related membrane:cytoskeleton-linking protein ezrin organize the membrane:cytoskeleton interface, a critical cellular compartment that both regulates and is regulated by growth factor receptors. An example of this poorly understood interrelationship is macropinocytosis, an ancient process of nutrient uptake and membrane remodeling that can both be triggered by growth factors and manage receptor availability. We show that merlin deficiency primes the membrane:cytoskeleton interface for epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced macropinocytosis via a mechanism involving increased cortical ezrin, altered actomyosin, and stabilized cholesterol-rich membranes. These changes profoundly alter EGF receptor (EGFR) trafficking in merlin-deficient cells, favoring increased membrane levels of its heterodimerization partner, ErbB2; clathrin-independent internalization; and recycling. Our work suggests that, unlike Ras transformed cells, merlin-deficient cells do not depend on macropinocytic protein scavenging and instead exploit macropinocytosis for receptor recycling. Finally, we provide evidence that the macropinocytic proficiency of NF2-deficient cells can be used for therapeutic uptake. This work provides new insight into fundamental mechanisms of macropinocytic uptake and processing and suggests new ways to interfere with or exploit macropinocytosis in NF2 mutant and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chiasson-MacKenzie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ching-Hui Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - William B Bradford
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Andrea I McClatchey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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56
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Chiba M, Kubota S, Sakai A, Monzen S. Cell‑to‑cell communication via extracellular vesicles among human pancreatic cancer cells derived from the same patient. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3989-3996. [PMID: 30106154 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite existing multimodal therapies, pancreatic cancer exhibits high metastatic capability and poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles comprising lipid bilayers and various other components, such as protein and nucleic acids, derived from secreted cells. Recent research has demonstrated the involvement of EVs released from cancer cells in the metastasis of cancer cells to distant organs. However, the effects of EVs released from pancreatic cancer cells on other pancreatic cancer cells in a tumor microenvironment remain unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate that EVs released from PK‑45H pancreatic cancer cells are taken up by PK‑45P pancreatic cancer cells derived from the same patient through dynamin‑related endocytosis. Additionally, EVs released from PK‑45H cells augment the phosphorylation of classical mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in PK‑45P cells. The uptake of EVs released from PK‑45H cells by PK‑45P cells stimulates cell migration through the classical MAPK‑dependent pathway, suggesting that EVs released from one pancreatic cancer cell are taken up by other surrounding pancreatic cancer cells and could be critical inducers of cancer metastasis in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Shiori Kubota
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakai
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
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57
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Wang X, Sheng W, Wang Y, Li L, Li Y, Zhang S, Liu X, Chen S, Zhen Y. A Macropinocytosis-Intensifying Albumin Domain-Based scFv Antibody and Its Conjugate Directed against K-Ras Mutant Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2403-2412. [PMID: 29757658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced macropinocytosis has been found in K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer cells, through which albumin can massively enter into the K-Ras-driven cancer cells, suggesting its role in serving as a macropinocytosis-intensifying drug delivery carrier. In the present study, a novel recombinant protein Fv-LDP-D3 and its reconstituted analogue Fv-LDP-D3-AE were designed and prepared. Fv is the fragment of an anti-EGFR antibody, D3 is the domain III of human serum albumin (HSA), LDP is the apoprotein of the antitumor antibiotic lidamycin (LDM), and AE is an extremely cytotoxic enediyne chromophore derived from LDM. As shown, the recombinant protein Fv-LDP-D3 presented intensive and selective binding capacity to pancreatic cancer cells and inhibited cell proliferation by blocking EGFR signaling. Moreover, Fv-LDP-D3 showed prominent tumor imaging in pancreatic carcinoma xenograft. The reconstituted, enediyne-integrated analogue Fv-LDP-D3-AE displayed highly potent cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells through apoptosis induction and G2/M arrest. Fv-LDP-D3 and Fv-LDP-D3-AE markedly inhibited the tumor growth of the pancreatic carcinoma AsPC-1 xenograft. Study results indicated that the novel recombinant protein displays both EGFR-targeting and macropinocytosis-intensifying attributes, presenting a new format of scFv antibody that integrates with albumin domain III. It might be a feasible strategy to develop targeted drugs for K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 1 Tiantanxili , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Weijin Sheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 1 Tiantanxili , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 1 Tiantanxili , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 1 Tiantanxili , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 1 Tiantanxili , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 1 Tiantanxili , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 1 Tiantanxili , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 1 Tiantanxili , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yongsu Zhen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 1 Tiantanxili , Beijing 100050 , China
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58
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Zhang C, Zhang A, Hou W, Li T, Wang K, Zhang Q, de la Fuente JM, Jin W, Cui D. Mimicking Pathogenic Invasion with the Complexes of Au 22(SG) 18-Engineered Assemblies and Folic Acid. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4408-4418. [PMID: 29723464 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems provide the richest spectrum of sophisticated design for materials engineering. We herein provide a paradigm of Au22(SG)18-engineered (SG, glutathione thiolate) and hydrogen bonds engaged assemblies for mimicking capsid protein self-assembly. The water-evaporation-induced self-assembly method allows discrete ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (GNCs) to be self-assembled into super-GNCs assemblies (SGNCs) ranging from nano-, meso- to microscale in water-dimethyl sulfoxide binary solvents in a template-free manner. After removing free and hydration layer water molecules, the formation of SGNCs is engaged by the collective cohesion of hydrogen bonds between glutathione ligands of gradually approaching GNCs. Then, a series of tightly orchestrated cellular events induced by the complexes of Au22(SG)18-engineered assemblies and folic acid are demonstrated to mimic the invasion of eukaryotic cells by pathogens. First, the activation of macropinocytosis mimics the macropinocytic entry used by the pathogens to invade host cells. Then the cytoplasmic vacuolization is a mimicry of vacuolating effects induced by the oligomeric vacuolating toxins secreted by some bacteria. Lastly, the escaping from macropinosomes into cytosol is in a vacuolating toxin's strategy. The findings demonstrate the capabilities of artificial pathogens to emulate the structures and functions of natural pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Amin Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Wenxiu Hou
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Tianliang Li
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Kan Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jesús M de la Fuente
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA-CSIC) , Universidad de Zaragoza & CIBER-BBN , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Weilin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
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59
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Cavalli R, Primo L, Sessa R, Chiaverina G, di Blasio L, Alongi J, Manfredi A, Ranucci E, Ferruti P. The AGMA1 polyamidoamine mediates the efficient delivery of siRNA. J Drug Target 2017; 25:891-898. [PMID: 28817973 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1363215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AGMA1, a prevailingly cationic, guanidine-bearing, linear, amphoteric polyamidoamine is an effective siRNA condensing agent. Here two AGMA1 samples of different molecular weight, i.e. AGMA1-5 and AGMA1-10 were evaluated as siRNA condensing agents and transfection promoters. AGMA1-10 formed stable polyplexes with a size lower than 50 nm and positive zeta potential. AGMA1-5 polyplexes were larger, about 100 nm in size. AGMA1-10 polyplexes, but not AGMA1-5 proved to be an effective intracellular siRNA carrier, able to trigger gene silencing in Hela and PC3 cell lines without eliciting cytotoxic effects. AGMA1-10 knocked down AKT-1 expression upon transfection with an AKT-1 specific siRNA. The polyplex entry mechanism was investigated and was mediated by macropinocytosis. In conclusion, AGMA1 has potential as an efficient, non-toxic tool for the intracellular delivery of siRNA and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cavalli
- a Drug Science and Technology Department , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Luca Primo
- b Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS , Candiolo , Italy.,c Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Roberto Sessa
- d University of California, Cardiovascular Research Institute , Berkeley , USA
| | | | | | - Jenny Alongi
- e Department of Chemistry , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Amedea Manfredi
- e Department of Chemistry , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- e Department of Chemistry , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- e Department of Chemistry , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
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60
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Zhao H, Gulesserian S, Ganesan SK, Ou J, Morrison K, Zeng Z, Robles V, Snyder J, Do L, Aviña H, Karki S, Stover DR, Doñate F. Inhibition of Megakaryocyte Differentiation by Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs) is Mediated by Macropinocytosis: Implications for ADC-induced Thrombocytopenia. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1877-1886. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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61
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Anzinger JJ, Jin X, Palmer CS, Dagur P, Barthwal MK, Kruth HS. Measurement of Aortic Cell Fluid-Phase Pinocytosis in vivo by Flow Cytometry. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:195-199. [PMID: 28618422 DOI: 10.1159/000475934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluid-phase pinocytosis is a receptor-independent mechanism of endocytosis that occurs in all mammalian cells and may be a mechanism for the uptake of LDL by macrophages. As there are currently no methods for the measurement of fluid-phase pinocytosis by individual aortic cells in vivo, we sought to identify a suitable method. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were retro-orbitally injected with AngioSPARK fluorescent nanoparticles specifically designed to not interact with cells. After 24 h, mice were sacrificed, and the aortas were isolated and then digested to analyze aortic cell uptake of AngioSPARK by flow cytometry. RESULTS CD11b-expressing aortic macrophages from mice injected with AngioSPARK showed high levels of fluid-phase pinocytosis compared to aortic cells not expressing CD11b (4,393.7 vs. 408.3 mean fluorescence intensity [MFI], respectively). CONCLUSION This new technique allows for the measurement of fluid-phase pinocytosis by aortic cells in vivo, making it possible to examine the cell-signaling molecules and drugs that affect this process. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Anzinger
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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John S, Sivakumar KC, Mishra R. Bacoside A Induces Tumor Cell Death in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines through Catastrophic Macropinocytosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:171. [PMID: 28663722 PMCID: PMC5471305 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive type of brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Recent evidences have shown that the "biomechanical imbalances" induced in GBM patient-derived glioblastoma cells (GC) and in vivo via the administration of synthetic small molecules, may effectively inhibit disease progression and prolong survival of GBM animal models. This novel concept associated with de novo anti-GBM drug development has however suffered obstacles in adequate clinical utility due to the appearance of unrelated toxicity in the prolonged therapeutic windows. Here, we took a "drug repurposing approach" to trigger similar physico-chemical disturbances in the GBM tumor cells, wherein, the candidate therapeutic agent has been previously well established for its neuro-protective roles, safety, efficacy, prolonged tolerance and excellent brain bioavailability in human subjects and mouse models. In this study, we show that the extracts of an Indian traditional medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri (BM) and its bioactive component Bacoside A can generate dosage associated tumor specific disturbances in the hydrostatic pressure balance of the cell via a mechanism involving excessive phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIA (CaMKIIA/CaMK2A) enzyme that is further involved in the release of calcium from the smooth endoplasmic reticular networks. High intracellular calcium stimulated massive macropinocytotic extracellular fluid intake causing cell hypertrophy in the initial stages, excessive macropinosome enlargement and fluid accumulation associated organellar congestion, cell swelling, cell rounding and membrane rupture of glioblastoma cells; with all these events culminating into a non-apoptotic, physical non-homeostasis associated glioblastoma tumor cell death. These results identify glioblastoma tumor cells to be a specific target of the tested herbal medicine and therefore can be exploited as a safe anti-GBM therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian John
- Disease Biology Program, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - K C Sivakumar
- Distributed Information Sub-Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Rashmi Mishra
- Disease Biology Program, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
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Buckley CM, King JS. Drinking problems: mechanisms of macropinosome formation and maturation. FEBS J 2017; 284:3778-3790. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Buckley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics University of Sheffield UK
- Bateson Centre University of Sheffield UK
| | - Jason S. King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics University of Sheffield UK
- Bateson Centre University of Sheffield UK
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Bates PJ, Reyes-Reyes EM, Malik MT, Murphy EM, O'Toole MG, Trent JO. G-quadruplex oligonucleotide AS1411 as a cancer-targeting agent: Uses and mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1414-1428. [PMID: 28007579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AS1411 is a 26-mer G-rich DNA oligonucleotide that forms a variety of G-quadruplex structures. It was identified based on its cancer-selective antiproliferative activity and subsequently determined to be an aptamer to nucleolin, a multifunctional protein that preferentially binds quadruplex nucleic acids and which is present at high levels on the surface of cancer cells. AS1411 has exceptionally efficient cellular internalization compared to non-quadruplex DNA sequences. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent developments related to AS1411 will be examined, with a focus on its use for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Numerous research groups have used AS1411 as a targeting agent to deliver nanoparticles, oligonucleotides, and small molecules into cancer cells. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that AS1411-linked materials can accumulate selectively in tumors following systemic administration. The mechanism underlying the cancer-targeting ability of AS1411 is not completely understood, but recent studies suggest a model that involves: (1) initial uptake by macropinocytosis, a form of endocytosis prevalent in cancer cells; (2) stimulation of macropinocytosis by a nucleolin-dependent mechanism resulting in further uptake; and (3) disruption of nucleolin-mediated trafficking and efflux leading to cargoes becoming trapped inside cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Human trials have indicated that AS1411 is safe and can induce durable remissions in a few patients, but new strategies are needed to maximize its clinical impact. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which AS1411 targets and kills cancer cells may hasten the development of promising technologies using AS1411-linked nanoparticles or conjugates for cancer-targeted therapy and imaging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA.
| | | | - Mohammad T Malik
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Emily M Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Martin G O'Toole
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Louisville, USA
| | - John O Trent
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA
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John S, Sivakumar KC, Mishra R. Extracellular Proton Concentrations Impacts LN229 Glioblastoma Tumor Cell Fate via Differential Modulation of Surface Lipids. Front Oncol 2017; 7:20. [PMID: 28299282 PMCID: PMC5331044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer with marginal survival rates. GBM extracellular acidosis can profoundly impact its cell fate heterogeneities and progression. However, the molecules and mechanisms that enable GBM tumor cells acid adaptation and consequent cell fate competencies are weakly understood. Since extracellular proton concentrations (pHe) directly intercept the tumor cell plasma membrane, surface lipids must play a crucial role in pHe-dependent tumor cell fate dynamics. Hence, a more detailed insight into the finely tuned pH-dependent modulation of surface lipids is required to generate strategies that can inhibit or surpass tumor cell acid adaptation, thereby forcing the eradication of heterogeneous oncogenic niches, without affecting the normal cells. Results By using image-based single cell analysis and physicochemical techniques, we made a small-scale survey of the effects of pH ranges (physiological: pHe 7.4, low: 6.2, and very low: 3.4) on LN229 glioblastoma cell line surface remodeling and analyzed the consequent cell fate heterogeneities with relevant molecular targets and behavioral assays. Through this basic study, we uncovered that the extracellular proton concentration (1) modulates surface cholesterol-driven cell fate dynamics and (2) induces ‘differential clustering’ of surface resident GM3 glycosphingolipid which together coordinates the proliferation, migration, survival, and death reprogramming via distinct effects on the tumor cell biomechanical homeostasis. A novel synergy of anti-GM3 antibody and cyclophilin A inhibitor was found to mimic the very low pHe-mediated GM3 supraclustered conformation that elevated the surface rigidity and mechano-remodeled the tumor cell into a differentiated phenotype which eventually succumbed to the anoikis type of cell death, thereby eradicating the tumorigenic niches. Conclusion and significance This work presents an initial insight into the physicochemical capacities of extracellular protons in the generation of glioblastoma tumor cell heterogeneities and cell death via the crucial interplay of surface lipids and their conformational changes. Hence, monitoring of proton–cholesterol–GM3 correlations in vivo through diagnostic imaging and in vitro in clinical samples may assist better tumor staging and prognosis. The emerged insights have further led to the translation of a ‘pH-dependent mechanisms of oncogenesis control’ into the surface targeted anti-GBM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian John
- Disease Biology Program, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - K C Sivakumar
- Distributed Information Sub-Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - Rashmi Mishra
- Disease Biology Program, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , India
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Peng H, Park JK, Lavker RM. Autophagy and Macropinocytosis: Keeping an Eye on the Corneal/Limbal Epithelia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:416-423. [PMID: 28118670 PMCID: PMC5270618 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and macropinocytosis are processes that are vital for cellular homeostasis, and help cells respond to stress and take up large amounts of material, respectively. The limbal and corneal epithelia have the machinery necessary to carry out both processes; however, autophagy and macropinocytosis are relatively understudied in these two epithelia. In this Perspectives, we describe the basic principles behind macropinocytosis and autophagy, discuss how these two processes are regulated in the limbal and corneal epithelia, consider how these two processes impact on the physiology of limbal and corneal epithelia, and elaborate on areas of future research in autophagy and macropinocytosis as related to the limbal/corneal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Robert M. Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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