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Millet GP, Debevec T, Brocherie F, Burtscher M, Burtscher J. Altitude and COVID-19: Friend or foe? A narrative review. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14615. [PMID: 33340275 PMCID: PMC7749581 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that high-altitude residence may be beneficial in the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) implicating that traveling to high places or using hypoxic conditioning thus could be favorable as well. Physiological high-altitude characteristics and symptoms of altitude illnesses furthermore seem similar to several pathologies associated with COVID-19. As a consequence, high altitude and hypoxia research and related clinical practices are discussed for potential applications in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. We summarize the currently available evidence on the relationship between altitude/hypoxia conditions and COVID-19 epidemiology and pathophysiology. The potential for treatment strategies used for altitude illnesses is evaluated. Symptomatic overlaps in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 induced ARDS and high altitude illnesses (i.e., hypoxemia, dyspnea…) have been reported but are also common to other pathologies (i.e., heart failure, pulmonary embolism, COPD…). Most treatments of altitude illnesses have limited value and may even be detrimental in COVID-19. Some may be efficient, potentially the corticosteroid dexamethasone. Physiological adaptations to altitude/hypoxia can exert diverse effects, depending on the constitution of the target individual and the hypoxic dose. In healthy individuals, they may optimize oxygen supply and increase mitochondrial, antioxidant, and immune system function. It is highly debated if these physiological responses to hypoxia overlap in many instances with SARS-CoV-2 infection and may exert preventive effects under very specific conditions. The temporal overlap of SARS-CoV-2 infection and exposure to altitude/hypoxia may be detrimental. No evidence-based knowledge is presently available on whether and how altitude/hypoxia may prevent, treat or aggravate COVID-19. The reported lower incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in high-altitude places remain to be confirmed. High-altitude illnesses and COVID-19 pathologies exhibit clear pathophysiological differences. While potentially effective as a prophylactic measure, altitude/hypoxia is likely associated with elevated risks for patients with COVID-19. Altogether, the different points discussed in this review are of possibly some relevance for individuals who aim to reach high-altitude areas. However, due to the ever-changing state of understanding of COVID-19, all points discussed in this review may be out of date at the time of its publication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of SportUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
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Koivisto-Mørk AE, Paur I, Paulsen G, Garthe I, Raastad T, Bastani NE, Blomhoff R, Bøhn SK. Dietary Adjustments to Altitude Training in Elite Endurance Athletes; Impact of a Randomized Clinical Trial With Antioxidant-Rich Foods. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:106. [PMID: 33345095 PMCID: PMC7739752 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Altitude training stresses several physiological and metabolic processes and alters the dietary needs of the athletes. International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s Nutrition Expert Group suggests that athletes should increase intake of energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich foods while training at altitude. Objective: We investigated whether athletes adjust their dietary intake according to the IOC's altitude-specific dietary recommendations, and whether an in-between meal intervention with antioxidant-rich foods altered the athletes' dietary composition and nutrition-related blood parameters (mineral, vitamin, carotenoid, and hormone concentrations). Design: The dietary adjustments to altitude training (3 weeks at 2,320 m) were determined for 31 elite endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years, 23 males, 8 females) by six interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recalls on non-consecutive days; three before and during the altitude camp. The additional effect of in -between meal intervention with eucaloric antioxidant-rich or control snacks (1,000 kcal/day) was tested in a randomized controlled trial with parallel design. Results: At altitude the athletes increased their energy intake by 35% (1,430 ± 630 kcal/day, p < 0.001), the provided snacks accounting for 70% of this increase. Carbohydrate intake increased from 6.5 ± 1.8 g/kg body weight (BW) (50 E%) to 9.3 ± 2.1 g/kg BW (53 E%) (p < 0.001), with no difference between the antioxidant and control group. Dietary iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich food intake increased by 37, 38, and 104%, respectively, in the whole cohort. The intervention group had larger increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ω3 PUFA (n-3 fatty acids), ω6 PUFA (n-6 fatty acids), fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and copper intake, while protein intake increased more among the controls, reflecting the nutritional content of the snacks. Changes in the measured blood minerals, vitamins, and hormones were not differentially affected by the intervention except for the carotenoid; zeaxanthin, which increased more in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Experienced elite endurance athletes increased their daily energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich food intake during a 3-week training camp at moderate altitude meeting most of the altitude-specific dietary recommendations. The intervention with antioxidant-rich snacks improved the composition of the athletes' diets but had minimal impact on the measured nutrition-related blood parameters. Clinical Trial Registry Number: NCT03088891 (www.clinicaltrials.gov), Norwegian registry number: 626539 (https://rekportalen.no/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu E Koivisto-Mørk
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Paur
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Disease-Related Undernutrition, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gøran Paulsen
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina Garthe
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv K Bøhn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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53
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Litak J, Mazurek M, Kulesza B, Szmygin P, Litak J, Kamieniak P, Grochowski C. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249729. [PMID: 33419271 PMCID: PMC7766314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a cluster of various vascular disorders with different pathological backgrounds. The advanced vasculature net of cerebral vessels, including small arteries, capillaries, arterioles and venules, is usually affected. Processes of oxidation underlie the pathology of CSVD, promoting the degenerative status of the epithelial layer. There are several classifications of cerebral small vessel diseases; some of them include diseases such as Binswanger’s disease, leukoaraiosis, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and lacunar strokes. This paper presents the characteristics of CSVD and the impact of the current knowledge of this topic on the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Kulesza
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Szmygin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John’s Cancer Center in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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54
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Batool AI, Naveed NH, Aslam M, da Silva J, Rehman MFU. Coal Dust-Induced Systematic Hypoxia and Redox Imbalance among Coal Mine Workers. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28204-28211. [PMID: 33163803 PMCID: PMC7643248 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Continuous inhalation of coal dust among coal workers leads to a variety of disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the potential oxidative stress associated with coal dust generated from coal mining activities among exposed workers through the antioxidant enzyme system, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). In this study cohort, intensive coal mine workers were assessed for antioxidant variations. Blood samples were collected from dust-exposed workers (engaged in different activities at coal mines; n = 311) and residents of the same city (nonexposed, control group; n = 50). The workers' exposure to coal dust was categorized based on working area (administrative group, surface workers, underground workers), working hours (up to 8 h and more than 8 h), and time of service. The results showed significantly altered activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH among the whole exposed group and its categories compared to the control group. A significant difference was also observed between high- and low-exposure groups. Statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between antioxidant activity (catalase and SOD) and coal dust levels. Besides, coal exposure was associated with the time of service, smoking status, and dietary habits. The findings of this study reveal higher oxidative stress among highly exposed coal mine workers (underground workers > surface workers > administrative group > nonexposed group), and longer working hours have more pronounced adverse effects on workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aima Iram Batool
- Department
of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Naima Huma Naveed
- Department
of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Aslam
- School
of Biological Science, University of the
Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory
of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University
of Brazil (ULBRA) & La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS 92425-020, Brazil
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55
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Girard O, Matic Girard I, Peeling P. Hypoxic conditioning: a novel therapeutic solution for load-compromised individuals to achieve similar exercise benefits by doing less mechanical work! Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:944-945. [PMID: 33132206 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ivana Matic Girard
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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56
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Langbøl M, Saruhanian S, Baskaran T, Tiedemann D, Mouhammad ZA, Toft-Kehler AK, Jun B, Vohra R, Bazan NG, Kolko M. Increased Antioxidant Capacity and Pro-Homeostatic Lipid Mediators in Ocular Hypertension-A Human Experimental Model. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092979. [PMID: 32942740 PMCID: PMC7563216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). It is of interest that about half of the patients have an IOP within the normal range (normal-tension glaucoma, NTG). Additionally, there is a group of patients with a high IOP but no glaucomatous neurodegeneration (ocular hypertension, OHT). Therefore, risk factors other than IOP are involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Since the retina has a very high oxygen-demand, decreased autoregulation and a fluctuating oxygen supply to the retina have been linked to glaucomatous neurodegeneration. To assess the significance of these mechanisms, we have utilized a human experimental model, in which we stress participants with a fluctuating oxygen supply. Levels of oxidative stress molecules, antioxidants, and lipid mediators were measured in the plasma. Patients with NTG, OHT, and control subjects were found to have similar levels of oxidative stress markers. In contrast, patients with OHT had a higher level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and pro-homeostatic lipid mediators. Thus, we suggest that OHT patients manage fluctuating oxygen levels more efficiently and, thus, are less susceptible to glaucomatous neurodegenerations, due to enhanced systemic antioxidant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Langbøl
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (M.K.); Tel.: +45-30-50-26-62 (M.L.); +45-29-80-76-67 (M.K.)
| | - Sarkis Saruhanian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Thisayini Baskaran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Daniel Tiedemann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Zaynab A. Mouhammad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Anne Katrine Toft-Kehler
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.J.); (N.G.B.)
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.J.); (N.G.B.)
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.); (T.B.); (D.T.); (Z.A.M.); (A.K.T.-K.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (M.K.); Tel.: +45-30-50-26-62 (M.L.); +45-29-80-76-67 (M.K.)
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57
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Valenti MT, Dalle Carbonare L, Dorelli G, Mottes M. Effects of physical exercise on the prevention of stem cells senescence. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:33-40. [PMID: 31832933 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining wellbeing; physical inactivity, on the contrary, is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most important risk factors for global mortality. During physical exercise different growth factors, cytokines and hormones are released, which affect positively the functions of heart, bone, brain and skeletal muscle. It has been reported that physical activity is able to stimulate tissue remodeling. Therefore, in this scenario, it is important to deepen the topic of physical activity-induced effects on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100, Verona, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Dorelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100, Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100, Verona, Italy
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58
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Hypoxia-mediated regulation of mitochondrial transcription factors in renal epithelial cells: implications for hypertensive renal physiology. Hypertens Res 2020; 44:154-167. [PMID: 32917968 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-00539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys have a high resting metabolic rate and low partial pressure of oxygen due to enhanced mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production needed for active solute transport. Heightened mitochondrial activity leads to progressively increasing hypoxia from the renal cortex to the renal medulla. Renal hypoxia is prominent in hypertensive rats due to increased sodium reabsorption within the nephrons, which demands higher energy production by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Consequently, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) display greater oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) than normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Here, we sought to investigate the expression of key proteins for mitochondrial biogenesis in SHR and WKY, and study the regulation of mitochondrial transcription factors (mtTFs) under in vitro hypoxic conditions in renal epithelial cells. We report that renal expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1-alpha (PGC-1α), mtTFs, and OXPHOS proteins are elevated in SHR compared to WKY. In addition, our experiments in cultured kidney cells demonstrate that acute hypoxia augments the expression of these genes. Furthermore, we show that the transcripts of HIF-1α and mtTFs are positively correlated in various human tissues. We reveal, for the first time to our knowledge, that HIF-1α transactivates mtTF genes by direct interaction with their promoters in rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E) under acute hypoxia. Concomitant increases in the mitochondrial DNA and RNA, and OXPHOS proteins are observed. Taken together, this study suggests that hypoxia within the renal epithelial cells may enhance mitochondrial function to meet the energy demand in proximal tubular cells during prehypertensive stages in kidneys of young SHR.
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59
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Gibb Z, Griffin RA, Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN. Functions and effects of reactive oxygen species in male fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 220:106456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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60
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Chacaroun S, Borowik A, Doutreleau S, Belaidi E, Wuyam B, Tamisier R, Pépin JL, Flore P, Verges S. Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to passive hypoxic conditioning in overweight and mildly obese individuals. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R211-R222. [PMID: 32609532 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00311.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although severe intermittent hypoxia (IH) is well known to induce deleterious cardiometabolic consequences, moderate IH may induce positive effects in obese individuals. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two hypoxic conditioning programs on cardiovascular and metabolic health status of overweight or obese individuals. In this randomized single-blind controlled study, 35 subjects (54 ± 9.3 yr, 31.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were randomized into three 8-wk interventions (three 1-h sessions per week): sustained hypoxia (SH), arterial oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) = 75%; IH, 5 min [Formula: see text] = 75% - 3 min normoxia; normoxia. Ventilation, heart rate, blood pressure, and tissue oxygenation were measured during the first and last hypoxic conditioning sessions. Vascular function, blood glucose and insulin, lipid profile, nitric oxide metabolites, and oxidative stress were evaluated before and after the interventions. Both SH and IH increased ventilation in hypoxia (+1.8 ± 2.1 and +2.3 ± 3.6 L/min, respectively; P < 0.05) and reduced normoxic diastolic blood pressure (-12 ± 15 and -13 ± 10 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas changes in normoxic systolic blood pressure were not significant (+3 ± 9 and -6 ± 13 mmHg, respectively; P > 0.05). IH only reduced heart rate variability (e.g., root-mean-square difference of successive normal R-R intervals in normoxia -21 ± 35%; P < 0.05). Both SH and IH induced no significant change in body mass index, vascular function, blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile, nitric oxide metabolites, or oxidative stress, except for an increase in superoxide dismutase activity following SH. This study indicates that passive hypoxic conditioning in obese individuals induces some positive cardiovascular and respiratory improvements despite no change in anthropometric data and even a reduction in heart rate variability during IH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarmar Chacaroun
- HP2 laboratory, Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Borowik
- HP2 laboratory, Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephane Doutreleau
- HP2 laboratory, Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Elise Belaidi
- HP2 laboratory, Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Wuyam
- HP2 laboratory, Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- HP2 laboratory, Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- HP2 laboratory, Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Flore
- HP2 laboratory, Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- HP2 laboratory, Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Nutrition and Altitude: Strategies to Enhance Adaptation, Improve Performance and Maintain Health: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:169-184. [PMID: 31691928 PMCID: PMC6901429 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Training at low to moderate altitudes (~ 1600-2400 m) is a common approach used by endurance athletes to provide a distinctive environmental stressor to augment training stimulus in the anticipation of increasing subsequent altitude- and sea-level-based performance. Despite some scientific progress being made on the impact of various nutrition-related changes in physiology and associated interventions at mountaineering altitudes (> 3000 m), the impact of nutrition and/or supplements on further optimization of these hypoxic adaptations at low-moderate altitudes is only an emerging topic. Within this narrative review we have highlighted six major themes involving nutrition: altered energy availability, iron, carbohydrate, hydration, antioxidant requirements and various performance supplements. Of these issues, emerging data suggest that particular attention be given to the potential risk for poor energy availability and increased iron requirements at the altitudes typical of elite athlete training (~ 1600-2400 m) to interfere with optimal adaptations. Furthermore, the safest way to address the possible increase in oxidative stress associated with altitude exposure is via the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods rather than high-dose antioxidant supplements. Meanwhile, many other important questions regarding nutrition and altitude training remain to be answered. At the elite level of sport where the differences between winning and losing are incredibly small, the strategic use of nutritional interventions to enhance the adaptations to altitude training provides an important consideration in the search for optimal performance.
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Thirupathi A, Pinho RA, Chang YZ. Physical exercise: An inducer of positive oxidative stress in skeletal muscle aging. Life Sci 2020; 252:117630. [PMID: 32294473 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the core of most pathological situations, and its attribution toward disease conversion is not yet well established. The adaptive capacity of a cell can overcome ROS-induced pathology. However, when a cell fails to extend its maximum adaptive capacity against oxidative stress, it could lead a cell to misbehave or defunct from its normal functions. Any type of physical activity can increase the cells' maximum adaptive capacity, but aging can limit this. However, whether aging is the initiating point of reducing cells' adaptive capacity against oxidative stress or oxidative stress can induce the aging process is a mystery, and it could be the key to solving several uncured diseases. Paradoxically, minimum ROS is needed for cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, finding factors that can limit or nullify the production of ROS for cellular homeostasis is a million-dollar question. Regular physical exercise is considered to be one of the factors that can limit the production of ROS and increase the ROS-induced benefits in the cells through inducing minimum oxidative stress and increasing maximum adapting capacity against oxidative stress-induced damages. The type and intensity of exercise that can produce such positive effects in the cells remain unclear. Therefore, this review discusses how physical exercise can help to produce minimal positive oxidative stress in preventing skeletal muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Thirupathi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050024, China.
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050024, China
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63
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Adav SS, Sze SK. Hypoxia-Induced Degenerative Protein Modifications Associated with Aging and Age-Associated Disorders. Aging Dis 2020; 11:341-364. [PMID: 32257546 PMCID: PMC7069466 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable time-dependent decline of various physiological functions that finally leads to death. Progressive protein damage and aggregation have been proposed as the root cause of imbalance in regulatory processes and risk factors for aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxygen is a modulator of aging. The oxygen-deprived conditions (hypoxia) leads to oxidative stress, cellular damage and protein modifications. Despite unambiguous evidence of the critical role of spontaneous non-enzymatic Degenerative Protein Modifications (DPMs) such as oxidation, glycation, carbonylation, carbamylation, and deamidation, that impart deleterious structural and functional protein alterations during aging and age-associated disorders, the mechanism that mediates these modifications is poorly understood. This review summarizes up-to-date information and recent developments that correlate DPMs, aging, hypoxia, and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Despite numerous advances in the study of the molecular hallmark of aging, hypoxia, and degenerative protein modifications during aging and age-associated pathologies, a major challenge remains there to dissect the relative contribution of different DPMs in aging (either natural or hypoxia-induced) and age-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Adav
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Martin A, Millet G, Osredkar D, Mramor M, Faes C, Gouraud E, Debevec T, Pialoux V. Effect of pre-term birth on oxidative stress responses to normoxic and hypoxic exercise. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101497. [PMID: 32199333 PMCID: PMC7082609 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-term birth is a major health concern that occurs in approximately 10% of births worldwide. Despite high incidence rate, long-term consequences of pre-term birth remain unclear. Recent evidence suggests that elevated oxidative stress observed in pre-term born infants could persist into adulthood. Given that oxidative stress is known to play an important role in response to physical activity and hypoxia, we investigated whether oxidative stress responses to acute exercise in normoxia and hypoxia may be differently modulated in pre-term vs. full-term born adults. Twenty-two pre-term born and fifteen age-matched full-term born controls performed maximal incremental cycling tests in both normoxia (FiO2: 0.21) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 0.13; simulated altitude of 3800 m) in blinded and randomized manner. Plasma levels of oxidative stress (advanced oxidation protein products [AOPP] and malondialdehyde), antioxidant (ferric reducing antioxidant power, glutathione peroxidase, catalase [CAT] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) and nitrosative stress markers (nitrotyrosine, nitrite and total nitrite and nitrate [NOx]) were measured before and immediately after each test. AOPP (+24%, P<0.001), CAT (+38%, P<0.001) and SOD (+12%, P=0.018) and NOx (+17%, P=0.024) significantly increased in response to exercise independently of condition and birth status. No difference in response to acute exercise in normoxia was noted between pre-term and full-term born adults in any of measured markers. Hypoxic exposure during exercise resulted in significant increase in AOPP (+45%, P=0.008), CAT (+55%, P=0.019) and a trend for an increase in nitrite/nitrate content (+35%, P=0.107) only in full-term and not pre-term born individuals. These results suggest that prematurely born adult individuals exhibit higher resistance to oxidative stress response to exercise in hypoxia. Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity are increased in full-term and pre-term adults following normoxic exercise. Plasma AOPP, catalase and NOx levels are not increased in pre-term adults following an acute exercise in hypoxia. Oxidative stress is differently regulated in pre-term adults during acute physical exercise under hypoxic condition. Pre-term birth may have long term consequences concerning oxidative stress regulation especially during these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Martin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monet Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine, Campus Santé Innovation, 10 rue de la Marandière10 rue de la Marandière, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Master BioSciences, Department of Biology, École Normale Supérieure of Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 LYON CEDEX 07, Lyon, France.
| | - Grégoire Millet
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Damjan Osredkar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Minca Mramor
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Camille Faes
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
| | - Etienne Gouraud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Pediatric Emergency, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France.
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65
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Susta D, Glazachev OS, Zapara MA, Dudnik EN, Samartseva VG. Redox Homeostasis in Humans Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia-Normoxia and to Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 21:45-51. [PMID: 32096667 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Exposure to hypoxia is known to increase oxidative stress and to impair antioxidant defenses in humans. The aim of the study was to measure oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in healthy humans after being acutely exposed to both intermittent hypoxia-normoxia (IHN) and intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH). Methods: Twenty-one healthy, young male participants were exposed to both IHN and IHH (fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2] 0.11 for up to 7 minutes followed by 3-5 minutes of exposure to normoxia (room air) or hyperoxia, FIO2 0.3-0.35) in a crossover design study. In each participant, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity were measured before and after each exposure in both experimental conditions. Results: After IHN, compared with baseline, neither oxidative stress (289.1 ± 63.2 vs. 262.2 ± 85.2 UCarr) nor antioxidant capacity (2376.1 ± 452.9 vs. 2525.0 ± 400.7 UCor) was significantly different. After IHH, neither oxidative stress (285.1 ± 94.2 vs. 277.5 ± 86.7 UCarr) nor antioxidant capacity (2653.6 ± 492.7 vs. 2568.4 ± 427.4 UCor) was significantly different compared with baseline. When the two studied exposure modalities were compared, there was no significant difference between groups with respect to both oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Conclusions: These data suggest that exposing healthy individuals to short-term IHN and IHH does not increase oxidative stress and it does not impair antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Susta
- Physiology Department, IM Sechenov Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Pinheiro JL, Maia BP, Lima ABD, Domingues RJDS, Oliveira FRT, Freitas JJDS, Kietzer KS. NANDROLONE DECANOATE IS PROOXIDANT IN THE MYOCARDIUM OF EXERCISED OR SEDENTARY RATS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202601185347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Nandrolone decanoate is a synthetic testosterone analogue considered one of the most widely used anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among adolescents and athletes. Chronic ingestion of AAS increases the incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in athletes, but the mechanism that causes these changes remains unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to verify the possible effects of the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on the morphology and oxidative metabolism of the heart in exercised and sedentary rats. Methods: This is a comparative prospective level II study. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed in groups that performed voluntary (TG) and sedentary (SG) running exercises, and used AAS: the Anabolic Training Group (ATG), and the Anabolic Sedentary Group (ASG). During the three months of the running protocol, the animals received an intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg b.p. of AAS. After the training period, the rats were euthanized and the hearts were removed for evaluation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity, and for morphometric analysis. Results: The anabolic groups, ASG (0.3072 ± 0.0531) and ATG (0.2732 ± 0.0413), presented higher lipid peroxidation when compared to the non-anabolic groups SG (0.1705 ± 0.0224) and TG (0.1785 ± 0.0340). Conclusion: There was no change in total antioxidant capacity or in the thickness of the interventricular septum and left ventricular wall. Thus, the use of anabolic androgenic steroids did not cause morphological changes in the myocardium. However it did alter the oxidative metabolism. It was also verified that aerobic exercise had no protective effect against lipid peroxidation in the myocardium caused by the use of AAS. Level of evidence II; Prospective comparative study.
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Serebrovska TV, Grib ON, Portnichenko VI, Serebrovska ZO, Egorov E, Shatylo VB. Intermittent Hypoxia/Hyperoxia Versus Intermittent Hypoxia/Normoxia: Comparative Study in Prediabetes. High Alt Med Biol 2019; 20:383-391. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oksana N. Grib
- D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Egor Egorov
- CellAir Construction GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany
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Jain S, Paul S, Meena RN, Gangwar A, Panjwani U, Ahmad Y, Bhargava K. Saliva panel of protein candidates: A comprehensive study for assessing high altitude acclimatization. Nitric Oxide 2019; 95:1-11. [PMID: 31778801 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Altitude acclimatization describes the processes whereby lowland humans respond to decreased partial pressure of oxygen. It refers to the changes seen as beneficial and involves a series of physiological adjustments that compensate for reduced ambient PO2, as opposed to changes that are pathological. Although numerous reports document the physiological effects of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia of varying durations but an interesting aspect overlooked by many researchers is that of acclimatization related studies. As proteome, a dynamic entity responds immediately to external stimuli, protein markers and their trends can be studied to assess acclimatization status of an individual. Compared to blood, the use of saliva is advantageous because sample collection and processing are easy, minimally invasive, low cost and better tolerated by individuals. In this study, we employed iTRAQ based LC-MS/MS technique for comparing saliva samples from humans exposed to hypobaric hypoxia from 7 to 120 days with normoxic controls followed by analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and validation by immunoassays. Nearly 67 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the exposed groups as compared to normoxia indicating modulated canonical pathways as lipid metabolism; acute phase response signalling and proteins as carbonic anhydrase 6, alpha-enolase, albumin, and prolactin inducible protein. Collectively, this study provides the proof of concept for the non-invasive assessment of high altitude acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Subhojit Paul
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Ram Niwas Meena
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anamika Gangwar
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Yasmin Ahmad
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Kalpana Bhargava
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India.
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Deiana M, Malerba G, Dalle Carbonare L, Cheri S, Patuzzo C, Tsenov G, Moron Dalla Tor L, Mori A, Saviola G, Zipeto D, Schena F, Mottes M, Valenti MT. Physical Activity Prevents Cartilage Degradation: A Metabolomics Study Pinpoints the Involvement of Vitamin B6. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111374. [PMID: 31683926 PMCID: PMC6912200 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is predominantly characterized by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage, the connective tissue produced by chondrocytes, due to an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes. In addition, physical activity (PA) is recognized as an important tool for counteracting OA. To evaluate PA effects on the chondrocyte lineage, we analyzed the expression of SOX9, COL2A1, and COMP in circulating progenitor cells following a half marathon (HM) performance. Therefore, we studied in-depth the involvement of metabolites affecting chondrocyte lineage, and we compared the metabolomic profile associated with PA by analyzing runners’ sera before and after HM performance. Interestingly, this study highlighted that metabolites involved in vitamin B6 salvage, such as pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate, were highly modulated. To evaluate the effects of vitamin B6 in cartilage cells, we treated differentiated mesenchymal stem cells and the SW1353 chondrosarcoma cell line with vitamin B6 in the presence of IL1β, the inflammatory cytokine involved in OA. Our study describes, for the first time, the modulation of the vitamin B6 salvage pathway following PA and suggests a protective role of PA in OA through modulation of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Deiana
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Section D, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Section D, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Samuele Cheri
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Section D, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Cristina Patuzzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Grygoriy Tsenov
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Lucas Moron Dalla Tor
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Mori
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Gianantonio Saviola
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Uniti of the Institute of Castel Goffredo, I-46042 Mantua, Italy.
| | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Section D, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
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Ando S, Komiyama T, Sudo M, Higaki Y, Ishida K, Costello JT, Katayama K. The interactive effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance: A narrative review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:384-398. [PMID: 31605635 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute moderate intensity exercise has been shown to improve cognitive performance. In contrast, hypoxia is believed to impair cognitive performance. The detrimental effects of hypoxia on cognitive performance are primarily dependent on the severity and duration of exposure. In this review, we describe how acute exercise under hypoxia alters cognitive performance, and propose that the combined effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance are mainly determined by interaction among exercise intensity and duration, the severity of hypoxia, and duration of exposure to hypoxia. We discuss the physiological mechanism(s) of the interaction and suggest that alterations in neurotransmitter function, cerebral blood flow, and possibly cerebral metabolism are the primary candidates that determine cognitive performance when acute exercise is combined with hypoxia. Furthermore, acclimatization appears to counteract impaired cognitive performance during prolonged exposure to hypoxia although the precise physiological mechanism(s) responsible for this amelioration remain to be elucidated. This review has implications for sporting, occupational, and recreational activities at terrestrial high altitude where cognitive performance is essential. Further studies are required to understand physiological mechanisms that determine cognitive performance when acute exercise is performed in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Komiyama
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sudo
- Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Ishida
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Joseph T Costello
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Keisho Katayama
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Camacho-Cardenosa M, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Burtscher M, Brazo-Sayavera J, Tomas-Carus P, Olcina G, Timón R. Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training Combined With Cyclic Hypoxia on Bone Mineral Density in Elderly People. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1122. [PMID: 31543827 PMCID: PMC6728928 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are an issue of great concern in public health so that the increase/maintenance of whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) is clinically relevant and could reduce the financial burden. Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been recently proposed as a potential alternative to bone stimulation, which combined with therapies, could provide a new treatment for osteoporosis prevention. In this sense, moderate cyclic hypoxia protocols may help to restrain osteoclastic activity and/or stimulate osteoblastic activity, enhance the effects of whole-body vibration alone. So, the present study investigated the effects of cyclic hypoxic exposure combined with WBV training on BMD of the elderly. Healthy elderly persons (n = 30) were randomly assigned to a (1) Hypoxia-Whole Body Vibration group (HWBV; n = 10), (2) Normoxic-Whole Body Vibration group (NWBV; n = 10) or (3) Control group (CON; n = 10). During 18 weeks, HWBV performed WBV treatment under normobaric hypoxic conditions (16.1% FiO2). A vibration session included 4 bouts of 30 s (12.6 Hz–4 mm) with 1 min rest between bouts. NWBV performed the same vibration treatment as HWBV but under normoxic conditions. Whole-body and proximal femur BMD (g⋅cm−2) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Two-way ANOVA indicated a borderline significant (p = 0.07) time x group interaction for total BMD; post hoc analysis revealed a slight but significant (p = 0.021) increase of BMD after treatment in the HWBV group. In conclusion, 18-week WBV training with hypoxic stimuli has shown positive effects for the participants of the current study. As changes did not differ significantly between groups, future large-scale studies will be necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay.,Polo de Desarrollo Universitario EFISAL, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Tomas-Carus
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Timón
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Bevelacqua JJ, Welsh J, Mortazavi SMJ. Commentary: Introduction to the Frontiers Research Topic: Optimization of Exercise Countermeasures for Human Space Flight-Lessons From Terrestrial Physiology and Operational Considerations. Front Physiol 2019; 10:915. [PMID: 31379613 PMCID: PMC6659347 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Medical Physics Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Koivisto AE, Olsen T, Paur I, Paulsen G, Bastani NE, Garthe I, Raastad T, Matthews J, Blomhoff R, Bøhn SK. Effects of antioxidant-rich foods on altitude-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in elite endurance athletes: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217895. [PMID: 31194785 PMCID: PMC6563980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various altitude training regimes, systematically used to improve oxygen carrying capacity and sports performance, have been associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. We investigated whether increased intake of common antioxidant-rich foods attenuates these processes. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, 31 elite endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years), ingested antioxidant-rich foods (n = 16), (> doubling their usual intake), or eucaloric control foods (n = 15) during a 3-week altitude training camp (2320 m). Fasting blood and urine samples were collected 7 days pre-altitude, after 5 and 18 days at altitude, and 7 days post-altitude. Change over time was compared between the groups using mixed models for antioxidant capacity [uric acid-free (ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)], oxidative stress (8-epi-PGF2α) and inflammatory biomarkers (IFNγ, IL1α, IL1RA, IL1β, IL2, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL10, IL12p70, IL13, IL17, TNFα, MCP-1 and micro-CRP). The cytokine response to a stress-test (VO2max ramp test or 100 m swimming) was assessed at pre- and post-altitude. Results FRAP increased more in the antioxidant compared to the control group (p = 0.034). IL13 decreased in the antioxidant group, while increasing in the controls (p = 0.006). A similar trend was seen for IL6 (p = 0.062). A larger decrease in micro-CRP was detected in the antioxidant group compared to controls (β: -0.62, p = 0.02). We found no group differences for the remaining cytokines. 8-epi-PGF2α increased significantly in the whole population (p = 0.033), regardless group allocation. The stress response was significantly larger post-altitude compared with pre-altitude for IL1β, IL6, IL7, IL13, IL12p70 and TNFα, but we found no group differences. Conclusions Increased intake of antioxidant-rich foods elevated the antioxidant capacity and attenuated some of the altitude-induced systemic inflammatory biomarkers in elite athletes. The antioxidant intervention had no impact on the altitude-induced oxidative stress or changes in acute cytokine responses to exercise stress-tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Elisa Koivisto
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Paur
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gøran Paulsen
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ina Garthe
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Debevec T, Pialoux V, Millet GP, Martin A, Mramor M, Osredkar D. Exercise Overrides Blunted Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Prematurely Born Men. Front Physiol 2019; 10:437. [PMID: 31040796 PMCID: PMC6476987 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pre-term birth provokes life-long anatomical and functional respiratory system sequelae. Although blunted hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is consistently observed in pre-term infants, it remains unclear if it persists with aging and, moreover, if it influences hypoxic exercise capacity. In addition, it remains unresolved whether the previously observed prematurity-related alterations in redox balance could contribute to HVR modulation. Methods Twenty-one prematurely born adult males (gestational age = 29 ± 4 weeks], and 14 age matched controls born at full term (gestational age = 39 ± 2 weeks) underwent three tests in a randomized manner: (1) hypoxia chemo-sensitivity test to determine the resting and exercise poikilocapnic HVR and a graded exercise test to volitional exhaustion in (2) normoxia (FiO2 = 0.21), and (3) normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.13) to compare the hypoxia-related effects on maximal aerobic power (MAP). Selected prooxidant and antioxidant markers were analyzed from venous samples obtained before and after the HVR tests. Results Resting HVR was lower in the pre-term (0.21 ± 0.21 L ⋅ min-1 ⋅ kg-1) compared to full-term born individuals (0.47 ± 0.23 L ⋅ min-1 ⋅ kg-1; p < 0.05). No differences were noted in the exercise HVR or in any of the measured oxidative stress markers before or after the HVR test. Hypoxia-related reduction of MAP was comparable between the groups. Conclusion These findings indicate that blunted resting HVR in prematurely born men persists into adulthood. Also, active adults born prematurely seem to tolerate hypoxic exercise well and should, hence, not be discouraged to engage in physical activities in hypoxic environments. Nevertheless, the blunted resting HVR and greater desaturation observed in the pre-term born individuals warrant caution especially during prolonged hypoxic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnès Martin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Master BioSciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Minca Mramor
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Osredkar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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75
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Abstract
The availability of electrons to biological systems underpins the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) that powers living cells. It is little wonder, therefore, that the sufficiency of electron supply is critical to cellular health. Considering mitochondrial redox activity alone, a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) leads to impaired production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the major energy currency of the cell, whereas excess oxygen (hyperoxia) is associated with elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the interaction of oxygen with electrons that have leaked from the ETC. Furthermore, the redox proteome, which describes the reversible and irreversible redox modifications of proteins, controls many aspects of biological structure and function. Indeed, many major diseases, including cancer and diabetes, are now termed "redox diseases", spurring much interest in the measurement and monitoring of redox states and redox-active species within biological systems. In this Account, we describe recent efforts to develop magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging probes for studying redox biology. These two classes of molecular imaging tools have proved to be invaluable in supplementing the structural information that is traditionally provided by MRI and fluorescence microscopy, respectively, with highly sensitive chemical information. Importantly, the study of biological redox processes requires sensors that operate at biologically relevant reduction potentials, which can be achieved by the use of bioinspired redox-sensitive groups. Since oxidation-reduction reactions are so crucial to modulating cellular function and yet also have the potential to damage cellular structures, biological systems have developed highly sophisticated ways to regulate and sense redox changes. There is therefore a plethora of diverse chemical structures in cells with biologically relevant reduction potentials, from transition metals to organic molecules to proteins. These chemical groups can be harnessed in the development of exogenous molecular imaging agents that are well-tuned to biological redox events. To date, small-molecule redox-sensitive tools for oxidative stress and hypoxia have been inspired from four classes of cellular regulators. The redox-sensitive groups found in redox cofactors, such as flavins and nicotinamides, can be used as reversible switches in both fluorescent and MR probes. Enzyme substrates that undergo redox processing within the cell can be modified to provide fluorescence or MR readout while maintaining their selectivity. Redox-active first-row transition metals are central to biological homeostasis, and their marked electronic and magnetic changes upon oxidation/reduction have been used to develop MR sensors. Finally, redox-sensitive amino acids, particularly cysteine, can be utilized in both fluorescent and MR sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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76
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Cheng DL, Zhu N, Li CL, Lv WF, Fang WW, Liu Y, Li CT. Significance of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and endotoxin levels in Budd-Chiari syndrome in patients and a rat model. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5227-5235. [PMID: 30542478 PMCID: PMC6257749 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare clinical syndrome caused by the obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. In theory, hepatic congestion and hypoxia induce pathological damage and changes in the liver. However, at present, laboratory evidence supporting this theory is lacking. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression and significance of the hypoxia-associated indicators malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and endotoxin (ET) in the liver and serum of subjects with BCS. An animal model of BCS was established by partial ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in rats. The levels of MDA, SOD and ET in the serum of BCS patients, as well as in the liver and serum of rats with BCS, were detected and analyzed. In human patients with BCS, the serum levels of MDA, ET and SOD were significantly different from those in healthy control subjects. In the animal model, similar trends were observed regarding the MDA, ET and SOD levels in liver homogenate and serum (P<0.05), the degree of which was more pronounced in the liver homogenate than in the serum. At 6 weeks after the surgery, these indicators reached peak/valley levels in the experimental group and were at least partially restored by week 12. A negative correlation between MDA and SOD, a positive correlation between MDA and ET, and a negative correlation between SOD and ET was identified. In conclusion, the levels of hypoxia-associated indicators significantly changed with BCS progression, suggesting that hypoxia is a major factor in the pathogenesis of BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Lei Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Wuhe County, Bengbu, Anhui 233300, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Li Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Fu Lv
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Fang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Ting Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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77
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Shaw S, Ghosh D, Kumar U, Panjwani U, Kumar B. Impact of high altitude on key determinants of female reproductive health: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:2045-2055. [PMID: 30218203 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Imperishable research work was done on females visiting high-altitude (HA) areas for recreational activities or job purposes as well as on female HA natives. Hypoxia at HA is an unavoidable condition that affects the determinants of female reproductive functions like, the age of menarche and menopause, whole reproductive span, hormone synthesis, and fertility. This review will emphasize whether HA hypoxia is a threat to women: residents or visitors by analyzing these proximate determinants. Delayed menarcheal and advanced menopausal age was found to shorten the reproductive span in some HA populations, whereas in some cases, menstrual cycle was also reported to be irregular. In addition, the completed fertility rate (CFR) was increased when people migrated to lower altitude. Altered stress hormones and reproductive hormones were observed in sea-level females exposed to HA. Oxidative stress (OS) at HA was also reviewed to explain the probable reasons for the observed changes in these determinants because disturbed redox homeostasis may be a connecting link, affecting the reproductive functions. In conclusion, HA hypoxia plays a crucial role on various determinants of female reproductive health and this review will be helpful for more precise study along with the probable underlying mechanisms responsible for the changes in female reproductive functions at HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Shaw
- High Altitude Physiology Department, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Dishari Ghosh
- High Altitude Physiology Department, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
| | - Utkarsha Kumar
- High Altitude Physiology Department, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- High Altitude Physiology Department, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- High Altitude Physiology Department, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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78
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Delrieu L, Pérol O, Fervers B, Friedenreich C, Vallance J, Febvey-Combes O, Pérol D, Canada B, Roitmann E, Dufresne A, Bachelot T, Heudel PE, Trédan O, Touillaud M, Pialoux V. A Personalized Physical Activity Program With Activity Trackers and a Mobile Phone App for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: Protocol for a Single-Arm Feasibility Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e10487. [PMID: 30166274 PMCID: PMC6137283 DOI: 10.2196/10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 5% of breast cancer cases are metastatic at diagnosis, and 20%-30% of localized breast cancer cases become secondarily metastatic. Patients frequently report many detrimental symptoms related to metastasis and treatments. The physical, biological, psychological, and clinical benefits of physical activity during treatment in patients with localized breast cancer have been demonstrated; however, limited literature exists regarding physical activity and physical activity behavior change in patients with metastatic breast cancer. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of a 6-month physical activity intervention with activity trackers in patients with metastatic breast cancer (the Advanced stage Breast cancer and Lifestyle Exercise, ABLE Trial). Secondary objectives are to examine the effects of physical activity on physical, psychological, anthropometrics, clinical, and biological parameters. METHODS We plan to conduct a single-center, single-arm trial with 60 patients who are newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. Patients will receive an unsupervised and personalized 6-month physical activity program that includes an activity tracker Nokia Go and is based on the physical activity recommendation. Patients will be encouraged to accumulate at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Baseline and 6-month assessments will include anthropometric measures, functional tests (eg, 6-minute walk test and upper and lower limb strength), blood draws, patient-reported surveys (eg, quality of life and fatigue), and clinical markers of tumor progression (eg, Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors criteria). RESULTS Data collection occurred between October 2016 and January 2018, and the results are expected in August 2018. CONCLUSIONS The ABLE Trial will be the first study to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an unsupervised and personalized physical activity intervention performed under real-life conditions with activity trackers in patients with metastatic breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03148886; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03148886 (Accessed by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/71yabi0la). REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER RR1-10.2196/10487.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Delrieu
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivia Pérol
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Friedenreich
- Alberta Health Services, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff Vallance
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
| | - Olivia Febvey-Combes
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - David Pérol
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Brice Canada
- Laboratory on Vulnerabilities and Innovations in Sport, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eva Roitmann
- Digital Health, Data and Studies Department, Nokia Technologies, Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Armelle Dufresne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | | | - Olivier Trédan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Marina Touillaud
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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79
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Biolo G, Di Girolamo FG, McDonnell A, Fiotti N, Mearelli F, Situlin R, Gonelli A, Dapas B, Giordano M, Lainscak M, Grassi G, Zauli G, Secchiero P, Mekjavic I. Effects of Hypoxia and Bed Rest on Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk: Compensatory Changes in Circulating TRAIL and Glutathione Redox Capacity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1000. [PMID: 30104982 PMCID: PMC6077233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic diseases, hypoxia and physical inactivity are associated with atherosclerosis progression. In contrast, a lower mortality from coronary artery disease and stroke is observed in healthy humans residing at high altitude in hypoxic environments. Eleven young, male volunteers completed the following 10-day campaigns in a randomized order: hypoxic ambulatory, hypoxic bed rest and normoxic bed rest. Before intervention, subjects were evaluated in normoxic ambulatory condition. Normobaric hypoxia was achieved in a hypoxic facility simulating 4000 m of altitude. Following hypoxia, either in bed rest or ambulatory condition, markers of cardiometabolic risk shifted toward a more atherogenic pattern consisting of: (a) lower levels of total HDL cholesterol and HDL2 sub-fraction and decreased hepatic lipase; (b) activation of systemic inflammation, as determined by C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A; (c) increased plasma homocysteine; (d) decreased delta-5 desaturase index in cell membrane fatty acids, a marker of insulin sensitivity. Bed rest and hypoxia additively decreased total HDL and delta-5 desaturase index. In parallel to the pro-atherogenic effects, hypoxia activated selected anti-atherogenic pathways, consisting of increased circulating TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a protective factor against atherosclerosis, membrane omega-3 index and erythrocyte glutathione availability. Hypoxia mediated changes in TRAIL concentrations and redox glutathione capacity (i.e., GSH/GSSG ratio) were greater in ambulatory conditions (+34 ± 6% and +87 ± 31%, respectively) than in bed rest (+17 ± 7% and +2 ± 27% respectively). Hypoxia-induced cardiometabolic risk is blunted by moderate level of physical activity as compared to bed rest. TRAIL and glutathione redox capacity may contribute to the positive interaction between physical activity and hypoxia. Highlights: – Hypoxia and bed rest activate metabolic and inflammatory markers of atherogenesis. – Hypoxia and physical activity activate selected anti-atherogenic pathways. – Hypoxia and physical activity positive interaction involves TRAIL and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Biolo
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo G Di Girolamo
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Adam McDonnell
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Mearelli
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Situlin
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Ospedale Clinicizzato di Marcianise, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche, Neurologiche, Metaboliche e dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Marcianise, Italy
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Murska Sobota and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Chirurgia e Medicina Sperimentale, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Igor Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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80
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Chhabra V, Anand AS, Baidya AK, Malik SM, Kohli E, Reddy MPK. Hypobaric hypoxia induced renal damage is mediated by altering redox pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195701. [PMID: 30005088 PMCID: PMC6044529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypobaric hypoxia is reported to cause renal damage; nevertheless the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely understood. Therefore, the present study aims to explore renal pathophysiology by using proteomics approach under hypobaric hypoxia. Six to eight week old male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to altitude of 7628 metres (pO2-282mmhg) at 28°C and 55% humidity in decompression chamber for different time intervals; 1, 3, and7 days. Various physiological, proteomic and bioinformatic studies were carried out to examine the effect of chronic hypobaric hypoxia on kidney. Our data demonstrated mild to moderate degenerative tubular changes, altered renal function, injury biomarkers and systolic blood pressure with increase in duration of hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Renal proteomic analysis showed 38 differential expressed spots, out of which 25 spots were down regulated and 13 were up regulated in 7 dayhypobarichypoxic exposure group of rats as compared to normoxia control. Identified proteins were involved in specific molecular changes pertinent to endogenous redox pathways, cellular integrity and energy metabolism. The study provides an empirical evidence of renal homeostasis under hypobaric hypoxia by investigating both physiological and proteomics changes. The identification of explicit key proteins provides a valuable clue about redox signalling mediated renal damage under hypobaric hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chhabra
- Cardio-Respiratory Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Avnika Singh Anand
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Baidya
- Cardio-Respiratory Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Shajer Manzoor Malik
- Cardio-Respiratory Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Kohli
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Maramreddy Prasanna Kumar Reddy
- Cardio-Respiratory Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Timarpur, Delhi, India
- * E-mail: ,
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81
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Sachetto R, Alonso S, Dos Santos RW. Killing Many Birds With Two Stones: Hypoxia and Fibrosis Can Generate Ectopic Beats in a Human Ventricular Model. Front Physiol 2018; 9:764. [PMID: 29988469 PMCID: PMC6024351 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During cardiac diseases many types of anatomical and functional remodeling of cardiac tissue can occur. In this work, we focus on two conditions: hypoxia and fibrosis, which are part of complex pathological modifications that take place in many cardiac diseases (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, and recurrent myocardial infarction) and respiratory diseases (obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and cystic fibrosis). Using computational models of cardiac electrophysiology, we evaluate if the interplay between hypoxia and fibrosis is sufficient to trigger cardiac arrhythmia. We study the mechanisms behind the generation of ectopic beats, an arrhythmic trigger also known as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), in regions with high hypoxia and fibrosis. First, we modify an electrophysiological model of myocytes of the human left ventricle to include the effects of hypoxia. Second, diffuse fibrosis is modeled by randomly replacing cardiac myocytes by non-excitable and non-conducting cells. The Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate the probability of a region to generate ectopic beats with respect to different levels of hypoxia and fibrosis. In addition, we evaluate the minimum size of three-dimensional slabs needed to sustain reentries for different stimulation protocols. The observed mechanism behind the initiation of ectopic beats is unidirectional block, giving rise to sustained micro-reentries inside the region with diffuse fibrosis and hypoxia. In summary, our results suggest that hypoxia and fibrosis are sufficient for the creation of a focal region in the heart that generates PVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sachetto
- Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Computational Modeling, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Graduate Program in Computational Modeling, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Weber Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Computational Modeling, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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82
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Ahmad A, Alam K, Bittoun E, Siddiquei MM, Mohammad G, Mousa A, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G. Association of 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein with vascular endothelial growth factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e460-e467. [PMID: 29098793 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), a member of heat-shock protein family located in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has a critical role in secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We investigated expression levels of ORP150 and correlated these levels with VEGF and total vitreous antioxidant capacity (TAC) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We also examined expression of ORP150 in retinas of diabetic rats and in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC). METHODS Vitreous samples from 40 PDR and 20 non-diabetic patients, epiretinal membranes from 14 patients with PDR, retinas of rats and HRMEC were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS We showed a significant increase in expression of VEGF and ORP150 in vitreous samples from PDR patients compared with controls (p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Total vitreous antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were significantly lower in patients with PDR than those in controls (p < 0.0001). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ORP150 levels in PDR with active neovascularization were significantly higher than that in inactive PDR (p = 0.016; p = 0.011, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between levels of ORP150 and levels of VEGF (r = 0.42; p = 0.001). In epiretinal membranes, ORP150 was expressed in vascular endothelial cells and stromal cells. We also demonstrated colocalization of the nuclear cell proliferation marker Ki67 and ORP150 in endothelial cells of pathologic new blood vessels. 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150) levels were significantly increased in rat retinas after induction of diabetes. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced upregulation of ORP150 in HRMEC. CONCLUSION These results suggest a role for ORP150 in PDR angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Alam
- Department of Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Emilie Bittoun
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry; University of Leuven, KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry; University of Leuven, KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; University of Leuven, KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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83
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Koivisto AE, Paulsen G, Paur I, Garthe I, Tønnessen E, Raastad T, Bastani NE, Hallén J, Blomhoff R, Bøhn SK. Antioxidant-rich foods and response to altitude training: A randomized controlled trial in elite endurance athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1982-1995. [PMID: 29749641 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
High doses of isolated antioxidant supplements such as vitamin C and E have demonstrated the potential to blunt cellular adaptations to training. It is, however, unknown whether intake of high doses of antioxidants from foods has similar effects. Hence, the aim of the study was to investigate whether intake of antioxidant-rich foods affects adaptations to altitude training in elite athletes. In a randomized controlled trial, 31 national team endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years) ingested antioxidant-rich foods (n = 16) or eucaloric control foods (n = 15) daily during a 3-week altitude training camp (2320 m). Changes from baseline to post-altitude in hemoglobin mass (Hbmass ; optimized CO rebreathing), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ; n = 16) or 100 m swimming performance (n = 10), and blood parameters were compared between the groups. The antioxidant group significantly increased total intake of antioxidant-rich foods (~118%) compared to the control group during the intervention. The total study population improved VO2max by 2.5% (1.7 mL/kg/min, P = .006) and Hbmass by 4.7% (48 g, P < .001), but not 100 m swimming performance. No difference was found between the groups regarding changes in Hbmass , VO2max or swimming performance. However, hemoglobin concentration increased more in the antioxidant group (effect size = 0.7; P = .045) with a concomitantly larger decrease in plasma and blood volumes compared to control group. Changes in ferritin and erythropoietin from pre- to post-altitude did not differ between the groups. Doubling the intake of antioxidant-rich foods was well tolerated and did not negatively influence the adaptive response to altitude training in elite endurance athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Paulsen
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Paur
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Garthe
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Tønnessen
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - N E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Hallén
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S K Bøhn
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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84
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Dziaman T, Gackowski D, Guz J, Linowiecka K, Bodnar M, Starczak M, Zarakowska E, Modrzejewska M, Szpila A, Szpotan J, Gawronski M, Labejszo A, Liebert A, Banaszkiewicz Z, Klopocka M, Foksinski M, Marszalek A, Olinski R. Characteristic profiles of DNA epigenetic modifications in colon cancer and its predisposing conditions-benign adenomas and inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:72. [PMID: 29875879 PMCID: PMC5977551 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Active demethylation of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-mdC) in DNA occurs by oxidation to 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (5-hmdC) and further oxidation to 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-fdC) and 5-carboxy-2'-deoxycytidine (5-cadC), and is carried out by enzymes of the ten-eleven translocation family (TETs 1, 2, 3). Decreased level of epigenetic DNA modifications in cancer tissue may be a consequence of reduced activity/expression of TET proteins. To determine the role of epigenetic DNA modifications in colon cancer development, we analyzed their levels in normal colon and various colonic pathologies. Moreover, we determined the expressions of TETs at mRNA and protein level.The study included material from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), benign polyps (AD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). The levels of epigenetic DNA modifications and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in examined tissues were determined by means of isotope-dilution automated online two-dimensional ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (2D-UPLC-MS/MS). The expressions of TET mRNA were measured with RT-qPCR, and the expressions of TET proteins were determined immunohistochemically. Results IBD was characterized by the highest level of 8-oxodG among all analyzed tissues, as well as by a decrease in 5-hmdC and 5-mdC levels (at a midrange between normal colon and CRC). AD had the lowest levels of 5-hmdC and 5-mdC of all examined tissues and showed an increase in 8-oxodG and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (5-hmdU) levels. CRC was characterized by lower levels of 5-hmdC and 5-mdC, the lowest level of 5-fdC among all analyzed tissues, and relatively high content of 5-cadC. The expression of TET1 mRNA in CRC and AD was significantly weaker than in IBD and normal colon. Furthermore, CRC and AD showed significantly lower levels of TET2 and AID mRNA than normal colonic tissue. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a complex relationship between aberrant pattern of DNA epigenetic modification and cancer development does not depend solely on the transcriptional status of TET proteins, but also on the characteristics of premalignant/malignant cells. This study showed for the first time that the examined colonic pathologies had their unique epigenetic marks, distinguishing them from each other, as well as from normal colonic tissue. A decrease in 5-fdC level may be a characteristic feature of largely undifferentiated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dziaman
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.,7Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karlowicza 24, 85-095 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daniel Gackowski
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Jolanta Guz
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Kinga Linowiecka
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- 2Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.,6Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngeal Oncology, K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Starczak
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewelina Zarakowska
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Martyna Modrzejewska
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Szpila
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Justyna Szpotan
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Gawronski
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Labejszo
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Ariel Liebert
- 4Department of Vascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Banaszkiewicz
- 3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Klopocka
- 4Department of Vascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Marek Foksinski
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- 2Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.,5Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Olinski
- 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.,7Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karlowicza 24, 85-095 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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85
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Lee BJ, Thake CD. Heat and Hypoxic Acclimation Increase Monocyte Heat Shock Protein 72 but Do Not Attenuate Inflammation following Hypoxic Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:811. [PMID: 29085305 PMCID: PMC5650636 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acclimation to heat or hypoxic stress activates the heat shock response and accumulation of cytoprotective heat shock proteins (HSPs). By inhibiting the NF-κB pathway HSP72 can preserve epithelial function and reduce systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the time course of mHSP72 accumulation during acclimation, and to assess intestinal barrier damage and systemic inflammation following hypoxic exercise. Three groups completed 10 × 60-min acclimation sessions (50% normoxic VO2peak) in control (n = 7; 18°C, 35% RH), hypoxic (n = 7; FiO2 = 0.14, 18°C, 35% RH), or hot (n = 7; 40°C, 25% RH) conditions. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) were determined at rest and following a cycling normoxic stress test (NST; ~2 weeks before acclimation), pre-acclimation hypoxic stress test (HST1; FiO2 = 0.14, both at 50% normoxic VO2peak; ~1 week before acclimation) and post-acclimation HST (48 h; HST2). Monocyte HSP72 (mHSP72) was determined before and after exercise on day 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10 of acclimation. Accumulation of basal mHSP72 was evident from day 5 (p < 0.05) of heat acclimation and increased further on day 6 (p < 0.01), and day 10 (p < 0.01). In contrast, basal mHSP72 was elevated on the final day of hypoxic acclimation (p < 0.05). Following the NST, plasma TNF-α (–0.11 ± 0.27 ng.mL−1), IL-6 (+0.62 ± 0.67 ng.mL−1) IL-10 (+1.09 ± 9.06 ng.mL−1) and I-FABP (+37.6 ± 112.8 pg.mL−1) exhibited minimal change. After HST1, IL-6 (+3.87 ± 2.56 ng.mL−1), IL-10 (+26.15 ± 26.06 ng.mL−1) and I-FABP (+183.7 ± 182.1 pg.mL−1) were elevated (p < 0.01), whereas TNF-α was unaltered (+0.08 ± 1.27; p > 0.05). A similar trend was observed after HST2, with IL-6 (+3.09 ± 1.30 ng.mL−1), IL-10 (+23.22 ± 21.67 ng.mL−1) and I-FABP (+145.9 ±123.2 pg.mL−1) increased from rest. Heat acclimation induces mHSP72 accumulation earlier and at a greater magnitude compared to matched work hypoxic acclimation, however neither acclimation regime attenuated the systemic cytokine response or intestinal damage following acute exercise in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Lee
- Occupational Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Charles D Thake
- Occupational Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom
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86
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Barrington JH, Chrismas BCR, Gibson OR, Tuttle J, Pegrum J, Govilkar S, Kabir C, Giannakakis N, Rayan F, Okasheh Z, Sanaullah A, Ng Man Sun S, Pearce O, Taylor L. Hypoxic Air Inhalation and Ischemia Interventions Both Elicit Preconditioning Which Attenuate Subsequent Cellular Stress In vivo Following Blood Flow Occlusion and Reperfusion. Front Physiol 2017; 8:560. [PMID: 28824456 PMCID: PMC5539087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is valid technique which elicits reductions in femoral blood flow occlusion mediated reperfusion stress (oxidative stress, Hsp gene transcripts) within the systemic blood circulation and/or skeletal muscle. It is unknown whether systemic hypoxia, evoked by hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) has efficacy in priming the heat shock protein (Hsp) system thus reducing reperfusion stress following blood flow occlusion, in the same manner as IPC. The comparison between IPC and HPC being relevant as a preconditioning strategy prior to orthopedic surgery. In an independent group design, 18 healthy men were exposed to 40 min of (1) passive whole-body HPC (FiO2 = 0.143; no ischemia. N = 6), (2) IPC (FiO2 = 0.209; four bouts of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion. n = 6), or (3) rest (FiO2 = 0.209; no ischemia. n = 6). The interventions were administered 1 h prior to 30 min of tourniquet derived femoral blood flow occlusion and were followed by 2 h subsequent reperfusion. Systemic blood samples were taken pre- and post-intervention. Systemic blood and gastrocnemius skeletal muscle samples were obtained pre-, 15 min post- (15PoT) and 120 min (120PoT) post-tourniquet deflation. To determine the cellular stress response gastrocnemius and leukocyte Hsp72 mRNA and Hsp32 mRNA gene transcripts were determined by RT-qPCR. The plasma oxidative stress response (protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio) was measured utilizing commercially available kits. In comparison to control, at 15PoT a significant difference in gastrocnemius Hsp72 mRNA was seen in HPC (−1.93-fold; p = 0.007) and IPC (−1.97-fold; p = 0.006). No significant differences were observed in gastrocnemius Hsp32 and Hsp72 mRNA, leukocyte Hsp72 and Hsp32 mRNA, or oxidative stress markers (p > 0.05) between HPC and IPC. HPC provided near identical amelioration of blood flow occlusion mediated gastrocnemius stress response (Hsp72 mRNA), compared to an established IPC protocol. This was seen independent of changes in systemic oxidative stress, which likely explains the absence of change in Hsp32 mRNA transcripts within leukocytes and the gastrocnemius. Both the established IPC and novel HPC interventions facilitate a priming of the skeletal muscle, but not leukocyte, Hsp system prior to femoral blood flow occlusion. This response demonstrates a localized tissue specific adaptation which may ameliorate reperfusion stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Barrington
- Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of BedfordshireLuton, United Kingdom
| | - Bryna C R Chrismas
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar
| | - Oliver R Gibson
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University LondonUxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Tuttle
- Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of BedfordshireLuton, United Kingdom
| | - J Pegrum
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - S Govilkar
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Chindu Kabir
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - N Giannakakis
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - F Rayan
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Z Okasheh
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - A Sanaullah
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - S Ng Man Sun
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Pearce
- Milton Keynes University HospitalMilton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Taylor
- ASPETAR, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDoha, Qatar.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences. Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, United Kingdom
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