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de Freitas Pereira M, Veneault-Fourrey C, Vion P, Guinet F, Morin E, Barry KW, Lipzen A, Singan V, Pfister S, Na H, Kennedy M, Egli S, Grigoriev I, Martin F, Kohler A, Peter M. Secretome Analysis from the Ectomycorrhizal Ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:141. [PMID: 29487573 PMCID: PMC5816826 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cenococcum geophilum is an ectomycorrhizal fungus with global distribution in numerous habitats and associates with a large range of host species including gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. Moreover, C. geophilum is the unique ectomycorrhizal species within the clade Dothideomycetes, the largest class of Ascomycetes containing predominantly saprotrophic and many devastating phytopathogenic fungi. Recent studies highlight that mycorrhizal fungi, as pathogenic ones, use effectors in form of Small Secreted Proteins (SSPs) as molecular keys to promote symbiosis. In order to better understand the biotic interaction of C. geophilum with its host plants, the goal of this work was to characterize mycorrhiza-induced small-secreted proteins (MiSSPs) that potentially play a role in the ectomycorrhiza formation and functioning of this ecologically very important species. We combined different approaches such as gene expression profiling, genome localization and conservation of MiSSP genes in different C. geophilum strains and closely related species as well as protein subcellular localization studies of potential targets of MiSSPs in interacting plants using in tobacco leaf cells. Gene expression analyses of C. geophilum interacting with Pinus sylvestris (pine) and Populus tremula × Populus alba (poplar) showed that similar sets of genes coding for secreted proteins were up-regulated and only few were specific to each host. Whereas pine induced more carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), the interaction with poplar induced the expression of specific SSPs. We identified a set of 22 MiSSPs, which are located in both, gene-rich, repeat-poor or gene-sparse, repeat-rich regions of the C. geophilum genome, a genome showing a bipartite architecture as seen for some pathogens but not yet for an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Genome re-sequencing data of 15 C. geophilum strains and two close relatives Glonium stellatum and Lepidopterella palustris were used to study sequence conservation of MiSSP-encoding genes. The 22 MiSSPs showed a high presence-absence polymorphism among the studied C. geophilum strains suggesting an evolution through gene gain/gene loss. Finally, we showed that six CgMiSSPs target four distinct sub-cellular compartments such as endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, cytosol and tonoplast. Overall, this work presents a comprehensive analysis of secreted proteins and MiSSPs in different genetic level of C. geophilum opening a valuable resource to future functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra de Freitas Pereira
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres, Microorganismes, Laboratoire D'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystémes Forestiers, Centre Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres, Microorganismes, Laboratoire D'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystémes Forestiers, Centre Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Patrice Vion
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres, Microorganismes, Laboratoire D'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystémes Forestiers, Centre Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
| | - Fréderic Guinet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres, Microorganismes, Laboratoire D'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystémes Forestiers, Centre Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuelle Morin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres, Microorganismes, Laboratoire D'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystémes Forestiers, Centre Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
| | - Kerrie W. Barry
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Anna Lipzen
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Vasanth Singan
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie Pfister
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hyunsoo Na
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Megan Kennedy
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Simon Egli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Igor Grigoriev
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Francis Martin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres, Microorganismes, Laboratoire D'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystémes Forestiers, Centre Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres, Microorganismes, Laboratoire D'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystémes Forestiers, Centre Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
| | - Martina Peter
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Buendia L, Girardin A, Wang T, Cottret L, Lefebvre B. LysM Receptor-Like Kinase and LysM Receptor-Like Protein Families: An Update on Phylogeny and Functional Characterization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1531. [PMID: 30405668 PMCID: PMC6207691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of plant specific families of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs), containing 3 extracellular LysMs have been shown to directly bind and/or to be involved in perception of lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), and peptidoglycan (PGN), three types of GlcNAc-containing molecules produced by microorganisms. These receptors are involved in microorganism perception by plants and can activate different plant responses leading either to symbiosis establishment or to defense responses against pathogens. LysM-RLK/Ps belong to multigenic families. Here, we provide a phylogeny of these families in eight plant species, including dicotyledons and monocotyledons, and we discuss known or putative biological roles of the members in each of the identified phylogenetic groups. We also report and discuss known biochemical properties of the LysM-RLK/Ps.
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