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Vanhercke T, Dyer JM, Mullen RT, Kilaru A, Rahman MM, Petrie JR, Green AG, Yurchenko O, Singh SP. Metabolic engineering for enhanced oil in biomass. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:103-129. [PMID: 30822461 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is hungry for energy. Plant oils in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) are one of the most reduced storage forms of carbon found in nature and hence represent an excellent source of energy. The myriad of applications for plant oils range across foods, feeds, biofuels, and chemical feedstocks as a unique substitute for petroleum derivatives. Traditionally, plant oils are sourced either from oilseeds or tissues surrounding the seed (mesocarp). Most vegetative tissues, such as leaves and stems, however, accumulate relatively low levels of TAG. Since non-seed tissues constitute the majority of the plant biomass, metabolic engineering to improve their low-intrinsic TAG-biosynthetic capacity has recently attracted significant attention as a novel, sustainable and potentially high-yielding oil production platform. While initial attempts predominantly targeted single genes, recent combinatorial metabolic engineering strategies have focused on the simultaneous optimization of oil synthesis, packaging and degradation pathways (i.e., 'push, pull, package and protect'). This holistic approach has resulted in dramatic, seed-like TAG levels in vegetative tissues. With the first proof of concept hurdle addressed, new challenges and opportunities emerge, including engineering fatty acid profile, translation into agronomic crops, extraction, and downstream processing to deliver accessible and sustainable bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanhercke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - John M Dyer
- USDA-ARS, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - James R Petrie
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Folear, Goulburn, NSW, Australia
| | - Allan G Green
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Olga Yurchenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Surinder P Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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52
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Huang S, Jiang L, Zhuang X. Possible Roles of Membrane Trafficking Components for Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Higher Plants and Green Algae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:207. [PMID: 30858860 PMCID: PMC6397863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are ubiquitous dynamic organelles that contain neutral lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. They can store and supply lipids for energy metabolism and membrane synthesis. In addition, protein transport and lipid exchange often occur between LDs and various organelles to control lipid homeostasis in response to multiple stress responses and cellular signaling. In recent years, multiple membrane trafficking proteins have been identified through LD proteomics and genetic analyses. These membrane trafficking machineries are emerging as critical regulators to function in different LD-organelle interactions, e.g., for LD dynamics, biogenesis and turnover. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in regard to LD-related membrane trafficking proteins and discuss future investigations in higher plants and green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Huang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Zhuang,
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53
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Zhang K, Nie L, Cheng Q, Yin Y, Chen K, Qi F, Zou D, Liu H, Zhao W, Wang B, Li M. Effective editing for lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2/5 in allotetraploid rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) using CRISPR-Cas9 system. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:225. [PMID: 31548867 PMCID: PMC6753616 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica napus is one of the most important oilseed crops, and can supply considerable amounts of edible oil as well as provide raw materials for the production of biodiesel in the biotechnology industry. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT), a key enzyme in the Kennedy pathway, catalyses fatty acid chains into 3-phosphoglycerate and promotes further production of oil in the form of triacylglycerol. However, because B. napus is an allotetraploid with two subgenomes, the precise genes which involved in oil production remain unclear due to the intractability of efficiently knocking out all copies with high genetic redundancy. Therefore, a robust gene editing technology is necessary for gene function analysis. RESULTS An efficient gene editing technology was developed for the allotetraploid plant B. napus using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Previous studies showed poor results in either on-target or off-target activity in B. napus. In the present study, four single-gRNAs and two multi-gRNAs were deliberately designed from the conserved coding regions of BnLPAT2 which has seven homologous genes, and BnLPAT5, which has four homologous genes. The mutation frequency was found to range from 17 to 68%, while no mutation was observed in the putative off-target sites. The seeds of the Bnlpat2/Bnlpat5 mutant were wizened and showed enlarged oil bodies, disrupted distribution of protein bodies and increased accumulation of starch in mature seeds. The oil content decreased, with an average decrease of 32% for Bnlpat2 lines and 29% for Bnlpat5 lines in single-gRNA knockout lines, and a decline of 24% for Bnlpat2 mutant lines (i.e., g123) and 39% for Bnlpat2/Bnlpat5 double mutant lines (i.e., g134) in multi-gRNA knockout lines. CONCLUSIONS Seven BnLPAT2 homologous genes and four BnLPAT5 homologous genes were cleaved completely using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, which indicated that it is effective for editing all homologous genes in allotetraploid rapeseed, despite the relatively low sequence identities of both gene families. The size of the oil bodies increased significantly while the oil content decreased, confirming that BnLPAT2 and BnLPAT5 play a role in oil biosynthesis. The present study lays a foundation for further oil production improvement in oilseed crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Liluo Nie
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiqi Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuyu Qi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dashan Zou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250000 China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
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54
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Salo VT, Ikonen E. Moving out but keeping in touch: contacts between endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 57:64-70. [PMID: 30476754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The formation of neutral lipid filled and phospholipid monolayer engulfed lipid droplets (LDs) from the bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an active area of investigation. This process harnesses the biophysical properties of the lipids involved and necessitates cooperation of protein machineries in both organelle membranes. Increasing evidence suggests that once formed, LDs keep close contact to the mother organelle and that this may be achieved via several, morphologically distinct and potentially functionally specialized connections. These may help LDs to dynamically respond to changes in lipid metabolic status sensed by the ER. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in understanding how LDs interact with the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veijo T Salo
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Anatomy and HiLIFE, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Anatomy and HiLIFE, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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55
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Zhang C, Liu P. The New Face of the Lipid Droplet: Lipid Droplet Proteins. Proteomics 2018; 19:e1700223. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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56
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Barkla BJ, Garibay-Hernández A, Melzer M, Rupasinghe TWT, Roessner U. Single cell-type analysis of cellular lipid remodelling in response to salinity in the epidermal bladder cells of the model halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2390-2403. [PMID: 29813189 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress causes dramatic changes in the organization and dynamic properties of membranes, however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms involved. Modified trichomes, known as epidermal bladder cells (EBC), on the leaves and stems of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum can be successfully exploited as a single-cell-type system to investigate salt-induced changes to cellular lipid composition. In this study, alterations in key molecular species from different lipid classes highlighted an increase in phospholipid species, particularly those from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid (PA), where the latter is central to the synthesis of membrane lipids. Triacylglycerol (TG) species decreased during salinity, while there was little change in plastidic galactolipids. EBC transcriptomic and proteomic data mining revealed changes in genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism and the upregulation of transcripts for PIPKIB, PI5PII, PIPKIII, and phospholipase D delta suggested the induction of signalling processes mediated by phosphoinositides and PA. TEM and flow cytometry showed the dynamic nature of lipid droplets in these cells under salt stress. Altogether, this work indicates that the metabolism of TG might play an important role in EBC response to salinity as either an energy reserve for sodium accumulation and/or driving membrane biosynthesis for EBC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Seeland, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thusitha W T Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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57
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Kretzschmar FK, Mengel LA, Müller AO, Schmitt K, Blersch KF, Valerius O, Braus GH, Ischebeck T. PUX10 Is a Lipid Droplet-Localized Scaffold Protein That Interacts with CELL DIVISION CYCLE48 and Is Involved in the Degradation of Lipid Droplet Proteins. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2137-2160. [PMID: 30087207 PMCID: PMC6181012 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of known proteins associated with plant lipid droplets (LDs) is small compared with other organelles. Many aspects of LD biosynthesis and degradation are unknown, and identifying and characterizing candidate LD proteins could help elucidate these processes. Here, we analyzed the proteome of LD-enriched fractions isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes. Proteins that were highly enriched in comparison with the total or cytosolic fraction were further tested for LD localization via transient expression in pollen tubes. One of these proteins, PLANT UBX DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN10 (PUX10), is a member of the plant UBX domain-containing (PUX) protein family. This protein localizes to LDs via a unique hydrophobic polypeptide sequence and can recruit the AAA-type ATPase CELL DIVISION CYCLE48 (CDC48) protein via its UBX domain. PUX10 is conserved in Arabidopsis thaliana and expressed in embryos, pollen tubes, and seedlings. In pux10 knockout mutants in Arabidopsis, LD size is significantly increased. Proteomic analysis of pux10 mutants revealed a delayed degradation of known LD proteins, some of which possessed ubiquitination sites. We propose that PUX10 is involved in a protein degradation pathway at LDs, mediating an interaction between polyubiquitinated proteins targeted for degradation and downstream effectors such as CDC48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska K Kretzschmar
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura A Mengel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna O Müller
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina F Blersch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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58
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Hayashi Y, Takagi C, Nishimura M. Existence of Lipid Bodies Surrounded by Membranes in Early Greening Cotyledonary Cells. CYTOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.83.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Hayashi
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
| | - Chinatsu Takagi
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for basic Biology
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59
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Nicolas WJ, Bayer E, Brocard L. Electron Tomography to Study the Three-dimensional Structure of Plasmodesmata in Plant Tissues-from High Pressure Freezing Preparation to Ultrathin Section Collection. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2681. [PMID: 34179233 PMCID: PMC8203878 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) are nanometric (~20 nm wide) membrane lined pores encased in the cell walls of the adjacent plant cells. They allow the cells to exchange all types of molecules ranging from nutrients like sugar, hormones, to RNAs and various proteins. Unfortunately, they are also hijacked by phyto-viruses, enabling them to spread from cell-to-cell and then systematically throughout the whole plant. Their central position in plant biology makes it crucial to understand their physiology and especially link their function to their structure. Over the past 50 years, electron microscopists have observed them and attempted to ultrastructurally characterize them. They laid the foundation of what is known about these pores (Tilney et al., 1991; Ding et al., 1992; Oparka and Roberts, 2001; Nicolas et al., 2017a). Despite the explosion of three-dimensional electron microscopy (3D-EM), PD ultrastructure remained recalcitrant to such technique. The first technical difficulty is to process them in such a way where they are as close to their native state as possible. Secondly, plant samples reveal themselves as being difficult to process due to the poor staining/fixating reagents penetration rates, their increased size, their high water content and the presence of an acidic vacuole. On top of this, their very unique position in the cell wall and their nanometric size make them difficult to conveniently stain in order to see the inner-workings of these pores. Here we describe in detail the protocol used in Nicolas et al. (2017b) to image PD in fine detail and produce high-resolution tomograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Nicolas
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Bordeaux Imaging Centre, Plant Imaging Platform, UMS 3420, INRA-CNRS-INSERM University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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60
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Shimada TL, Hayashi M, Hara-Nishimura I. Membrane Dynamics and Multiple Functions of Oil Bodies in Seeds and Leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:199-207. [PMID: 29203559 PMCID: PMC5761825 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oil bodies have multiple functions: oleosin-mediated freezing tolerance of seeds, direct interaction with glyoxysomes for lipid degradation in seedlings, and antifungal compound production in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi L Shimada
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama 526-0829, Japan
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61
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Park KY, Kim WT, Kim EY. The proper localization of RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 20 in lipid droplets depends on their biogenesis induced by STRESS-RELATED PROTEINS in vegetative tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1885-1889. [PMID: 29247649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis LD surface proteins, SRPs are found only in higher plants and are important for LD biogenesis and abiotic stress signaling. However, the cellular mechanism of SRPs is still unclear. To investigate molecular functions of SRPs, we used tobacco transient expression system. Transient expression of SRPs was sufficient and synergistic for LD biogenesis, and SRPs participated in the formation step of LD in tobacco leaves. RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 20 (RD20), a known LD-localizing peroxygenase, localized to LD in the presence of an SRP, and its peroxygenase activity correlated with proper localization of RD20 to LD. Our data suggest that Arabidopsis SRPs play roles as positive factors for LD biogenesis to provide a proper localization of LD-localizing proteins in vegetative tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Youl Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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62
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Pyc M, Cai Y, Gidda SK, Yurchenko O, Park S, Kretzschmar FK, Ischebeck T, Valerius O, Braus GH, Chapman KD, Dyer JM, Mullen RT. Arabidopsis lipid droplet-associated protein (LDAP) - interacting protein (LDIP) influences lipid droplet size and neutral lipid homeostasis in both leaves and seeds. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:1182-1201. [PMID: 29083105 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) are found in all types of plant cells; they are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and function as a repository for neutral lipids, as well as serving in lipid remodelling and signalling. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation, steady-state maintenance and turnover of plant LDs, particularly in non-seed tissues, are relatively unknown. Previously, we showed that the LD-associated proteins (LDAPs) are a family of plant-specific, LD surface-associated coat proteins that are required for proper biogenesis of LDs and neutral lipid homeostasis in vegetative tissues. Here, we screened a yeast two-hybrid library using the Arabidopsis LDAP3 isoform as 'bait' in an effort to identify other novel LD protein constituents. One of the candidate LDAP3-interacting proteins was Arabidopsis At5g16550, which is a plant-specific protein of unknown function that we termed LDIP (LDAP-interacting protein). Using a combination of biochemical and cellular approaches, we show that LDIP targets specifically to the LD surface, contains a discrete amphipathic α-helical targeting sequence, and participates in both homotypic and heterotypic associations with itself and LDAP3, respectively. Analysis of LDIP T-DNA knockdown and knockout mutants showed a decrease in LD abundance and an increase in variability of LD size in leaves, with concomitant increases in total neutral lipid content. Similar phenotypes were observed in plant seeds, which showed enlarged LDs and increases in total amounts of seed oil. Collectively, these data identify LDIP as a new player in LD biology that modulates both LD size and cellular neutral lipid homeostasis in both leaves and seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pyc
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yingqi Cai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Satinder K Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Olga Yurchenko
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Sunjung Park
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Franziska K Kretzschmar
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37007, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37007, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kent D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - John M Dyer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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63
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Lizardo DY, Parisi LR, Li N, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Noncanonical Roles of Lipids in Different Cellular Fates. Biochemistry 2017; 57:22-29. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darleny Y. Lizardo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Laura R. Parisi
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Nasi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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