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Petrella RA, Fesmire CC, Kaufman JD, Topasna N, Sano MB. Algorithmically Controlled Electroporation: A Technique for Closed Loop Temperature Regulated Pulsed Electric Field Cancer Ablation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:2176-2186. [PMID: 32673194 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2956537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a closed-loop temperature based feedback algorithm on ablative outcomes for pulsed electric field treatments. METHODS A 3D tumor model of glioblastoma was used to assess the impact of 2 μs duration bipolar waveforms on viability following exposure to open and closed-loop protocols. Closed-loop treatments evaluated transient temperature increases of 5, 10, 15, or 22 °C above baseline. RESULTS The temperature controlled ablation diameters were conditionally different than the open-loop treatments and closed-loop treatments generally produced smaller ablations. Closed-loop control enabled the investigation of treatments with steady state 42 °C hyperthermic conditions which were not feasible without active feedback. Baseline closed-loop treatments at 20 °C resulted in ablations measuring 9.9 ± 0.3 mm in diameter while 37 °C treatments were 20% larger (p < 0.0001) measuring 11.8 ± 0.3 mm indicating that this protocol induces a thermally mediated biological response. CONCLUSION A closed-loop control algorithm which modulated the delay between successive pulse waveforms to achieve stable target temperatures was demonstrated. Algorithmic control enabled the evaluation of specific treatment parameters at physiological temperatures not possible with open-loop systems due to excessive Joule heating. SIGNIFICANCE Irreversible electroporation is generally considered to be a non-thermal ablation modality and temperature monitoring is not part of the standard clinical practice. The results of this study indicate ablative outcomes due to exposure to pulses on the order of one microsecond may be thermally mediated and dependent on local tissue temperatures. The results of this study set the foundation for experiments in vivo utilizing temperature control algorithms.
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Wang Y, Chang CC, Wang L, Yuan F. Enhancing Cell Viability and Efficiency of Plasmid DNA Electrotransfer Through Reducing Plasma Membrane Permeabilization. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:251-257. [PMID: 33344914 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulsed electric field has been widely used to facilitate molecular cargo transfer into cells. However, the cell viability is often decreased when trying to increase the electrotransfer efficiency. We hypothesize that the decrease is due to electropermeabilization of cell membrane that disrupts homeostasis of intracellular microenvironment. Thus, a reduction in the membrane permeabilization may increase the cell viability. Materials and Methods Different compounds were supplemented into the pulsing buffer prior to electrotransfer for reduction of cell membrane damage. Extent of the damage was quantified by leakiness of the membrane to a fluorescent dye, calcein, preloaded into cells. At 24 hours post electrotransfer, cell viability and electrotransfer efficiency were quantified with flow cytometry. Results The cell viability could be substantially increased by supplementation of either type B gelatin or bovine serum albumin (BSA), without compromising the electrotransfer efficiency. The supplementation also decreased the amount of calcein leaking out of the cells, suggesting that the improvement in cell viability was due to the reduction in electrotransfer-induced membrane damage. Conclusion Data from the study demonstrate that type B gelatin and BSA can be used as inexpensive supplements for improving cell viability in electrotransfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chun-Chi Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liangli Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Temperature Dependence of High Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Evaluated in a 3D Tumor Model. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:2233-2246. [PMID: 32409902 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation is a bioelectric phenomenon used to deliver target molecules into cells in vitro and irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging cancer therapy used to treat inoperable tumors in situ. These phenomena are generally considered to be non-thermal in nature. In this study, a 3D tumor model was used to investigate the correlation between temperature and the effectiveness of standard clinical IRE and high frequency (H-FIRE) protocols. It was found for human glioblastoma cells that in the range of 2 to 37 °C the H-FIRE lethal electric field threshold value, which describes the minimum electric field to cause cell death, is highly dependent on temperature. Increasing the initial temperature from 2 to 37 °C resulted in a significant decrease in lethal electric field threshold from 1168 to 507 V/cm and a 139% increase in ablation size for H-FIRE burst treatments. Standard clinical protocol IRE treatments resulted in a decrease in lethal threshold from 485 to 453 V/cm and a 7% increase in ablation size over the same temperature range. Similar results were found for pancreatic cancer cells which indicate that tissue temperature may be a significant factor affecting H-FIRE ablation size and treatment planning in vivo while lower temperatures may be useful in maintaining cell viability for transfection applications.
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Beebe SJ, Celestine MJ, Bullock JL, Sandhaus S, Arca JF, Cropek DM, Ludvig TA, Foster SR, Clark JS, Beckford FA, Tano CM, Tonsel-White EA, Gurung RK, Stankavich CE, Tse-Dinh YC, Jarrett WL, Holder AA. Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, topoisomerase inhibition, and apoptosis induction studies of a novel cobalt(III) complex with a thiosemicarbazone ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 203:110907. [PMID: 31715377 PMCID: PMC7053658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 9-anthraldehyde-N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone (MeATSC) 1 and [Co(phen)2(O2CO)]Cl·6H2O 2 (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized. [Co(phen)2(O2CO)]Cl·6H2O 2 was used to produce anhydrous [Co(phen)2(H2O)2](NO3)33. Subsequently, anhydrous [Co(phen)2(H2O)2](NO3)33 was reacted with MeATSC 1 to produce [Co(phen)2(MeATSC)](NO3)3·1.5H2O·C2H5OH 4. The ligand, MeATSC 1 and all complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT IR, UV-visible, and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, and 59Co) spectroscopy, along with HRMS, and conductivity measurements, where appropriate. Interactions of MeATSC 1 and complex 4 with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) were investigated by carrying out UV-visible spectrophotometric studies. UV-visible spectrophotometric studies revealed weak interactions between ctDNA and the analytes, MeATSC 1 and complex 4 (Kb = 8.1 × 105 and 1.6 × 104 M-1, respectively). Topoisomerase inhibition assays and cleavage studies proved that complex 4 was an efficient catalytic inhibitor of human topoisomerases I and IIα. Based upon the results obtained from the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay on 4T1-luc metastatic mammary breast cancer cells (IC50 = 34.4 ± 5.2 μM when compared to IC50 = 13.75 ± 1.08 μM for the control, cisplatin), further investigations into the molecular events initiated by exposure to complex 4 were investigated. Studies have shown that complex 4 activated both the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways in addition to causing dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Furthermore, activation of cysteine-aspartic proteases3 (caspase 3) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner coupled with the ΔΨm, studies implicated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as the major regulator of cell death mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Beebe
- The Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Michael J Celestine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Jimmie L Bullock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Shayna Sandhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jessa Faye Arca
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Donald M Cropek
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
| | - Tekettay A Ludvig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Sydney R Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Jasmine S Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Floyd A Beckford
- The University of Virginia's College at Wise, 1 College Avenue, Wise, VA 24293, USA
| | - Criszcele M Tano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Tonsel-White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Raj K Gurung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Courtney E Stankavich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - William L Jarrett
- School of Polymers and High-Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Alvin A Holder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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Abstract
Nano-Pulse Stimulation (NPS) therapy applies nanosecond pulsed electric fields to cells and tissues. It is a nonthermal modality that uses ultrashort pulses of electrical energy in the nanosecond domain. The cellular response to this therapy can be quite varied depending on the number of pulses applied and the total energy delivered. Reviewed in this study are some clinical trial data describing the effects of NPS therapy on normal skin as well as three different skin lesions as part of the first commercial application of this technology. NPS therapy has been found to clear seborrheic keratosis lesions with an 82% efficacy and sebaceous gland hyperplasia with a 99.5% efficacy. Pilot studies on warts indicated that 60% of the NPS-treated warts were completely cleared within 60 days. NPS therapy can be used to treat cellular lesions in the epidermis and dermis without affecting noncellular components such as collagen and fibrin.
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Wolff CM, Steuer A, Stoffels I, von Woedtke T, Weltmann KD, Bekeschus S, Kolb JF. Combination of cold plasma and pulsed electric fields – A rationale for cancer patients in palliative care. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2020.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nanosecond duration pulsed electric field together with formic acid triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis in pathogenic yeasts. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lamberti P, Compitiello M, Romeo S, Lamberti P, Compitiello M, Romeo S, Lamberti P, Romeo S, Compitiello M. ns Pulsed Electric Field-Induced Action Potentials in the Circuital Model of an Axon. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 17:110-116. [PMID: 29870334 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2018.2822840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields with duration in the sub- and ns time scale (nsPEFs) increase the permeability of cell membranes, enabling the transport of normally impermeant molecules into or out of the cell (electroporation). Such effect is associated to intracellular alterations and indicates nsPEFs as a new stimulus to modulate cell functions. In particular, studies dealing with the application of nsPEFs to excitable cells suggest their use for the stimulation/inhibition of cell excitation. In this paper, the circuital model per surface unit of the plasma membrane of an axon was developed to implement the Hodgkin and Huxley equations, describing the action potential activation process. For the first time, a power electronics circuital simulator was adopted. The model was first validated with conventional microsecond stimuli, and then it was employed to identify the conditions for cell excitation by nsPEFs. The results demonstrated the possibility of electrostimulation by nsPEFs at depolarization levels far below those required for inducing electroporation, and with ionic current dynamics similar to that induced by conventional stimuli, confirming recent experimental findings. Moreover, by using a power electronics tool, easier integration of the cell modeling with the design and optimization of pulse generation systems can be gained.
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Wang Y, Yin S, Zhou Y, Zhou W, Chen T, Wu Q, Zhou L, Zheng S. Dual-function of Baicalin in nsPEFs-treated Hepatocytes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma cells for Different Death Pathway and Mitochondrial Response. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1271-1282. [PMID: 31588193 PMCID: PMC6775272 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) is emerged as a potential curative modality to ablate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The application of local ablation is usually limited by insufficiency of liver function. While baicalin, a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been proven to possess both anti-tumor and protective effects. Our study aimed to estimate different responses of hepatic cancer cells and hepatocytes to the combination of nsPEFs and baicalin. Cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined by CCK-8, FCM, JC-1 and fluorescent probe, respectively. After treatment by nsPEFs, most hepatocytes died by apoptosis, nevertheless, nearly all cancer cells were killed through necrosis. Low concentration of baicalin synergically enhanced nsPEFs-induced suppression and necrosis of HCC cells, nevertheless, the application of baicalin protected normal hepatocytes from the injury caused by nsPEFs, owing to elevating mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reducing ROS generation. Our work provided an advantageous therapy for HCC through the enhanced combination treatment of nsPEFs and baicalin, with which could improve the tumor-ablation effect and alleviate the injury of hepatic tissues simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Wuhua Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.,Department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Qinchuan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
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Irreversible Electroporation in Liver Cancers and Whole Organ Engineering. J Clin Med 2018; 8:jcm8010022. [PMID: 30585195 PMCID: PMC6352021 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancers contribute significantly to cancer-related mortality worldwide and liver transplants remain the cornerstone of curative treatment for select, early-stage patients. Unfortunately, because of a mismatch between demand and supply of donor organs, liver cancer patients must often wait extended periods of time prior to transplant. A variety of local therapies including surgical resection, transarterial chemoembolization, and thermal ablative methods exist in order to bridge to transplant. In recent years, a number of studies have examined the role of irreversible electroporation (IRE) as a non-thermal local ablative method for liver tumors, particularly for those adjacent to critical structures such as the vasculature, gall bladder, or bile duct. In addition to proving its utility as a local treatment modality, IRE has also demonstrated promise as a technique for donor organ decellularization in the context of whole-organ engineering. Through complete non-thermal removal of living cells, IRE allows for the creation of an acellular extra cellular matrix (ECM) scaffold that could theoretically be recellularized and implanted into a living host. Here, we comprehensively review studies investigating IRE, its role in liver cancer treatment, and its utility in whole organ engineering.
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Ohnishi N, Fujiwara Y, Kamezaki T, Katsuki S. Variations of Intracellular Ca 2+ Mobilization Initiated by Nanosecond and Microsecond Electrical Pulses in HeLa Cells. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:2259-2268. [PMID: 30561339 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2886602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
GOAL Herein, the variations in transient Ca2+ mobilizations in HeLa cells exposed to a single, non-thermal pulsed electric field (PEF) are described. METHODS Three PEF waveforms categorized by pulse duration and intensity were used to deduce the kinetics involved in Ca2+ mobilization. A fast microscopic fluorescent imaging system and a fluorescent molecular probe were used to observe transient intracellular Ca2+ mobilization after pulse exposure. The sources and pathways in the transient Ca2+ mobilizations were investigated using an inhibitor of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) along with a Ca2+-free buffer. RESULTS When exposed to the 10-μs-long PEF, the Ca2+ concentration increased mainly at the cathodic region near the membrane. However, Ca2+ concentration increased at both anodic and cathodic regions when Na+ concentration in the buffer was reduced. Ca2+ concentration increased only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the 10-μs PEF takes a large amount of extracellular Na+ into the cell through the electropermeabilized plasma membrane, especially at the anodic side, resulting in the suppression of the Ca2+ influx. On the contrary, the 20-ns-long PEF increased Ca2+ concentration in the surrounding region of the nucleus only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The PEF exposure with inhibition of the IP3R indicates that increased Ca2+ ions are released from the ER via the activated IP3R. SIGNIFICANCE These mechanisms could induce specific cell responses, such as Ca2+ oscillations, Ca2+ waves, and Ca2+ puffs.
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Ahmed S, Okuma K, Matsumura K. Comparative analysis of the cellular entry of polystyrene and gold nanoparticles using the freeze concentration method. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1791-1799. [PMID: 29781016 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in nanoparticle delivery, established physical approaches, such as electroporation and sonication, result in cell damage, limiting their practical applications. In this study, we proposed a unique freeze concentration-based technique and evaluated the efficacy of the method using two types of nanoparticles: citrate-capped gold nanoparticles and carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles. We further compared the internalisation behaviour of particles of various sizes with and without freezing. Confocal microscopic images showed that the uptake efficacy of 50 nm nanomaterials was greater than that of 100 nm particles. Polystyrene nanoparticles of 50 nm size had more favourable adsorption and internalisation behaviours compared to those of gold nanoparticles after freeze concentration. We also examined the possible endocytic pathways involved in the uptake of gold and polystyrene nanoparticles, and found that the route differed between non-frozen and frozen conditions. Overall, we determined the influence of the freeze concentration strategy on both nanomaterial internalisation and the endocytic uptake pathway. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the internalisation of nanoparticles using a freezing approach and thereby contribute to further developments in nanotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahmed
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
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Cell stimulation versus cell death induced by sequential treatments with pulsed electric fields and cold atmospheric pressure plasma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204916. [PMID: 30312292 PMCID: PMC6193580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) and cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) are currently both investigated for medical applications. The exposure of cells to PEFs can induce the formation of pores in cell membranes and consequently facilitate the uptake of molecules. In contrast, CAP mainly acts through reactive species that are generated in the liquid environment. The objective of this study was to determine, if PEFs combined with plasma-treated cell culture medium can mutually reinforce effects on viability of mammalian cells. Experiments were conducted with rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells and their tumorigenic counterpart WB-ras for a direct comparison of non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic cells from the same origin. Viability after treatments strongly depended on cell type and applied field strength. Notably, tumorigenic WB-ras cells responded more sensitive to the respective treatments than non-tumorigenic WB-F344 cells. More cells were killed when plasma-treated medium was applied first in combination with treatments with 100-μs PEFs. For the reversed treatment order, i.e. application of PEFs first, the combination with 100-ns PEFs resulted in a stimulating effect for non-tumorigenic but not for tumorigenic cells. The results suggest that other mechanisms, besides simple pore formation, contributed to the mutually reinforcing effects of the two methods.
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Guo J, Dong F, Ding L, Wang K, Zhang J, Fang J. A novel drug-free strategy of nano-pulse stimulation sequence (NPSS) in oral cancer therapy: In vitro and in vivo study. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 123:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Timmons JJ, Preto J, Tuszynski JA, Wong ET. Tubulin's response to external electric fields by molecular dynamics simulations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202141. [PMID: 30231050 PMCID: PMC6145594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin heterodimers are the building blocks of microtubules and disruption of their dynamics is exploited in the treatment of cancer. Electric fields at certain frequencies and magnitudes are believed to do the same. Here, the tubulin dimer’s response to external electric fields was determined by atomistic simulation. External fields from 50 to 750 kV/cm, applied for 10 ns, caused significant conformational rearrangements that were dependent upon the field’s directionality. Charged and flexible regions, including the α:H1-B2 loop, β:M-loop, and C-termini, were susceptible. Closer inspection of the α:H1-B2 loop in lower strength fields revealed that these effects were consistent and proportional to field strength, and the findings indicate that external electric fields modulate the stability of microtubules through conformational changes to key loops involved in lateral contacts. We also find evidence that tubulin’s curvature and elongation are affected, and external electric fields may bias tubulin towards depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Timmons
- Brain Tumor Center & Neuro-Oncology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jordane Preto
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino, Italy
| | - Eric T. Wong
- Brain Tumor Center & Neuro-Oncology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Teissié J. Induced shock waves in PEF (pulsed electric field) treatment: Comment on "Shock wave-induced permeabilization of mammalian cells" by Luz M. López-Marín et al. Phys Life Rev 2018; 26-27:39-42. [PMID: 29779796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Teissié
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Sugrue A, Maor E, Ivorra A, Vaidya V, Witt C, Kapa S, Asirvatham S. Irreversible electroporation for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 16:349-360. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2018.1459185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Sugrue
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elad Maor
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Antoni Ivorra
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vaibhav Vaidya
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chance Witt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Suraj Kapa
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samuel Asirvatham
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Beebe SJ, Lassiter BP, Guo S. Nanopulse Stimulation (NPS) Induces Tumor Ablation and Immunity in Orthotopic 4T1 Mouse Breast Cancer: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040097. [PMID: 29601471 PMCID: PMC5923352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopulse Stimulation (NPS) eliminates mouse and rat tumor types in several different animal models. NPS induces protective, vaccine-like effects after ablation of orthotopic rat N1-S1 hepatocellular carcinoma. Here we review some general concepts of NPS in the context of studies with mouse metastatic 4T1 mammary cancer showing that the postablation, vaccine-like effect is initiated by dynamic, multilayered immune mechanisms. NPS eliminates primary 4T1 tumors by inducing immunogenic, caspase-independent programmed cell death (PCD). With lower electric fields, like those peripheral to the primary treatment zone, NPS can activate dendritic cells (DCs). The activation of DCs by dead/dying cells leads to increases in memory effector and central memory T-lymphocytes in the blood and spleen. NPS also eliminates immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment and blood. Finally, NPS treatment of 4T1 breast cancer exhibits an abscopal effect and largely prevents spontaneous metastases to distant organs. NPS with fast rise–fall times and pulse durations near the plasma membrane charging time constant, which exhibits transient, high-frequency components (1/time = Hz), induce responses from mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus. Such effects may be responsible for release of danger-associated molecular patterns, including ATP, calreticulin, and high mobility group box 1 (HMBG1) from 4T1-Luc cells to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). This likely leads to immunity and the vaccine-like response. In this way, NPS acts as a unique onco-immunotherapy providing distinct therapeutic advantages showing possible clinical utility for breast cancers as well as for other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, 4211 Monarch Ways, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
| | - Brittany P Lassiter
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, 4211 Monarch Ways, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
| | - Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, 4211 Monarch Ways, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
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69
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Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang R, Miao X, Chen X. Activation of Anti-tumor Immune Response by Ablation of HCC with Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:85-88. [PMID: 29577034 PMCID: PMC5863003 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Locoregional therapy is playing an increasingly important role in the non-surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The novel technique of non-thermal electric ablation by nanosecond pulsed electric field has been recognized as a potential locoregional methodology for indicated HCC. This manuscript explores the most recent studies to indicate its unique anti-tumor immune response. The possible immune mechanism, termed as nano-pulse stimulation, was also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Department, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Centre, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xudong Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence to: Xinhua Chen, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China. Tel: +86-571-87236570, Fax: +86-571-87236466, E-mail:
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70
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Vijayarangan V, Delalande A, Dozias S, Pouvesle JM, Pichon C, Robert E. Cold Atmospheric Plasma Parameters Investigation for Efficient Drug Delivery in HeLa Cells. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2017.2759322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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71
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Carr L, Bardet SM, Arnaud-Cormos D, Leveque P, O'Connor RP. Visualisation of an nsPEF induced calcium wave using the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP in U87 human glioblastoma cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 119:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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72
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Zhang B, Kuang D, Tang X, Mi Y, Luo Q, Song G. Effect of Low-Field High-Frequency nsPEFs on the Biological Behaviors of Human A375 Melanoma Cells. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:2093-2100. [PMID: 29989943 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2784546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of low-field high-frequency nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) on multiple biological behaviors of human A375 melanoma cells and to optimize suitable parameters for further study and clinical use. METHODS An nsPEF generator was developed to generate appropriate pulses. Cell apoptosis and the cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. The CCK-8 assay was performed to explore the effect of nsPEFs on the viability of A375 melanoma cells. Cell migration was assessed using a Transwell Boyden Chamber. The proliferation of A375 melanoma cells was determined by the cloning efficacy test. Furthermore, the nude mouse tumorigenicity assay was used to detect the effectiveness of nsPEFs in vivo. RESULTS The nsPEFs with our tested parameters failed to induce apoptosis of A375 melanoma cells, though nsPEFs with high pulse duration (500 ns) induced necrosis. However, the viability and migration of A375 melanoma cells were significantly inhibited by nsPEFs. nsPEFs also suppressed the proliferation of A375 melanoma cells by restricting cells in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, animal experiments demonstrated that nsPEFs inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. CONCLUSION Low-field high-frequency nsPEFs failed to induce apoptosis but effectively inhibited the growth of melanoma via affecting other biological behaviors of melanoma cells, such as cell viability, proliferation, and migration. SIGNIFICANCE This study investigated the influence of low-field high-frequency nsPEFs on melanoma through evaluating their effects on multiple biological behaviors and is helpful in the treatment of melanoma and other tumors.
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73
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Guo S, Jing Y, Burcus NI, Lassiter BP, Tanaz R, Heller R, Beebe SJ. Nano-pulse stimulation induces potent immune responses, eradicating local breast cancer while reducing distant metastases. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:629-640. [PMID: 28944452 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) as a developing technology has been studied for minimally invasive, nonthermal local cancer elimination for more than a decade. Here we show that a single NPS treatment results in complete regression of the poorly immunogenic, metastatic 4T1-Luc mouse mammary carcinoma. Impressively, spontaneous distant organ metastases were largely prevented, even in those animals with incomplete tumor regression. All tumor-free mice were protected from secondary tumor cell challenge, demonstrating a vaccine-like effect. NPS treatment induced antitumor immunity, long-term memory T cells, destruction of tumor microenvironment and reversal of the massive increase of immune suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment and blood. NPS-treated 4T1 cells exhibited release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including calreticulin, HMGB1 and ATP, and activated dendritic cells. Those findings suggest that NPS is a potent immunogenic cell death inducer that elicits antitumor immunity to prevent distant metastases in addition to local tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23508
| | - Yu Jing
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23508
| | - Niculina I Burcus
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23508
| | - Brittany P Lassiter
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23508
| | - Royena Tanaz
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23508
| | - Richard Heller
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23508
| | - Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23508
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74
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Sano MB, Volotskova O, Xing L. Treatment of Cancer In Vitro Using Radiation and High-Frequency Bursts of Submicrosecond Electrical Pulses. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:928-935. [PMID: 28783621 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2734887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) is an emerging cancer therapy, which uses bursts of short duration, alternating polarity, high-voltage electrical pulses to focally ablate tumors. Here, we present a preliminary investigation of the combinatorial effects of H-FIRE and ionizing radiation. In vitro cell cultures were exposed to bursts of 500 ns pulses and single radiation doses of 2 or 20 Gy then analyzed for 14 days. H-FIRE and radiation therapy (RT) appear to induce different delayed cell death mechanisms and in all treatment groups combinatorial therapy resulted in lower overall viabilities. These results indicate that in vivo investigation of the antitumor efficacy of combined H-FIRE and RT is warranted.
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75
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Ahmed S, Nakaji-Hirabayashi T, Watanabe T, Hohsaka T, Matsumura K. Freezing-Assisted Gene Delivery Combined with Polyampholyte Nanocarriers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1677-1689. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahmed
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakaji-Hirabayashi
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hohsaka
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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76
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Novel Interventional Management of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst with Nanosecond Pulses on Experimental Mouse Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4491. [PMID: 28674451 PMCID: PMC5495767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is investigated as an alternative plan for benign hepatic hydatid cyst. Altogether 72 C57B6 mice were included. Normal group (n = 12) had no parasite injection and the other 60 mice were used to induce hydatid cyst in liver by injecting protoscolices in portal vein. The liver hydatid cysts were exposed to nsPEF with different doses and then follow up. The standard surgery was performed as positive control. The hydatid cyst growth was monitored by ultrasound; the morphology was checked by gross anatomy and pathology was tested by H&E stain. In nsPEF-treated groups no hepatic failure nor bleeding were observed. As a comparison, in the surgery group, high post-treatment complications occurred (50%). Significant parasite growth inhibition was seen in high nsPEF dose group as compared with control group (P < 0.05). Pathological analysis confirmed destruction of hydatid cyst with sharp demarcation defined by the electrodes. Laboratory analysis showed nsPEF stimulated a time-dependent infection and recoverable liver function. The traumatic reactions defined by white blood count was significant lower than surgery groups (P < 0.05).Preliminary studies demonstrate nsPEF ablation can be applied on hepatic hydatid by inhibiting parasite growth, destructing the cyst and stimulating infections.
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77
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Morotomi-Yano K, Yano KI. Calcium-dependent activation of transglutaminase 2 by nanosecond pulsed electric fields. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:934-943. [PMID: 28680807 PMCID: PMC5494297 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of cultured human cells to nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) elicits various cellular events, including Ca2+ influx and cell death. Recently, nsPEFs have been regarded as a novel physical treatment useful for biology and medicine, but the underlying mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of nsPEFs on transglutaminases (TGs), enzymes that catalyze covalent protein modifications such as protein-protein crosslinking. Cellular TG activity was monitored by conjugation of cellular proteins with biotin-cadaverine, a cell-permeable pseudosubstrate for TGs. We applied nsPEFs to HeLa S3 cells and found that overall catalytic activity of cellular TGs was greatly increased in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin significantly augmented nsPEF-induced TG activation, further supporting the importance of Ca2+. Among human TG family members, TG2 is known to be the most ubiquitously expressed, and its catalytic activity requires elevated intracellular Ca2+. Given the requirement of Ca2+ for TG activation by nsPEFs, we performed depletion of TG2 by RNA interference (RNAi). We observed that TG2 RNAi suppressed the nsPEF-induced TG activation and partially alleviated the cytotoxic effects of nsPEFs. These findings demonstrate that TG2 activation is a Ca2+-dependent event in nsPEF-exposed cells and exerts negative effects on cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Morotomi-Yano
- Department of Bioelectrics Institute of Pulsed Power Science Kumamoto University Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yano
- Department of Bioelectrics Institute of Pulsed Power Science Kumamoto University Japan
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78
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Yin S, Miao X, Zhang X, Chen X, Wen H. Environmental temperature affects physiology and survival of nanosecond pulsed electric field-treated cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1179-1190. [PMID: 28467607 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a novel non-thermal tumor ablation technique. However, how nsPEF affect cell physiology at different environmental temperature is still kept unknown. But this issue is of critical clinical practice relevance. This work aim to investigate how nsPEF treated cancer cells react to different environmental temperatures (0, 4, 25, and 37°C). Their cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. Lower temperature resulted in higher apoptosis rate, decreased mitochondria membrane potential, and increased ROS levels. Sucrose and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pre-incubation inhibit ROS generation and increase cell survival, protecting nsPEF-treated cells from low temperature-caused cell death. This work provides an experimental basis for hypothermia and fluid transfusion during nsPEF ablation with anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Miao
- The Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- The Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Xinjiang Hydatid Disease Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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79
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Yusupov M, Van der Paal J, Neyts E, Bogaerts A. Synergistic effect of electric field and lipid oxidation on the permeability of cell membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:839-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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80
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He L, Xiao D, Feng J, Yao C, Tang L. Induction of apoptosis of liver cancer cells by nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs). Med Oncol 2017; 34:24. [PMID: 28058631 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) is a novel method to induce the death of cancer cells. NsPEFs could directly function on the cell membrane and activate the apoptosis pathways, then induce apoptosis in various cell lines. However, the nsPEFs-inducing-apoptosis action sites and the exact pathways are not clear now. In this study, nsPEFs were applied to the human liver cancer cells HepG2 with different parameters. By apoptosis assay, morphological observation, detecting the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m), intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the expressions of key apoptosis factors, we demonstrated that nsPEFs could induce the morphology of cell apoptosis, the change in ΔΨ m, [Ca2+]i and the upregulation of some key apoptosis factors, which revealed the responses of liver cancer cells and indicated that cells may undergo apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway after nsPEFs were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyou Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenguo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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81
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Rems L. Applicative Use of Electroporation Models. ADVANCES IN BIOMEMBRANES AND LIPID SELF-ASSEMBLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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82
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Lu W, Wu K, Hu X, Xie X, Ning J, Wang C, Zhou H, Yang G. Theoretical analysis of transmembrane potential of cells exposed to nanosecond pulsed electric field. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:231-239. [PMID: 27586355 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1230244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracellular electroporation occurs when the cells are exposed to nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF). It is believed the electroporation (formation and extension of pores on the membrane induced by external electric field) is affected significantly by the transmembrane potential. This paper analyzed transmembrane potential induced by nsPEF in the term of pulse frequency spectrum, aiming to provide a theoretical explanation to intracellular bio-effects. METHODS Based on the double-shelled spherical cell model, the frequency dependence of transmembrane potential was obtained by solving Laplace's equation, while the time course of transmembrane potential was obtained by a method combined with discrete Fourier transform and Laplace transform. First-order Debye equation was used to describe the dielectric relaxation of the cell medium. RESULTS Frequency-domain analysis showed that when the electric field frequency was higher than 105 Hz, the transmembrane potential on the organelle membrane (ΔΦo) was increasing to exceed the transmembrane potential on the cellular membrane (ΔΦc). In the time-domain analysis, transmembrane potentials induced by four nsPEF (short trapezoid, long trapezoid, bipolar and sine shapes) with the same field strength were compared with each other. It showed that ΔΦo is obviously larger than ΔΦc if the curve of the normalized frequency spectrum of the pulse is more similar with the curve of normalized ΔΦo in frequency domain. Pulses with major frequency components higher than 108 Hz lead to both small ΔΦo and ΔΦc. This may explain why high power pulsed microwave lead to unobvious bio-effects of cells than nsPEF with trapezoid form. CONCLUSION Through the pulse frequency spectrum it is clearer to understand the relationship between nsPEF and the transmembrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Ke Wu
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- b Laboratory of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangdong Xie
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Jing Ning
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Changzhen Wang
- b Laboratory of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Guoshan Yang
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
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83
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Awasthi K, Nakabayashi T, Ohta N. Effects of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields on the Intracellular Function of HeLa Cells As Revealed by NADH Autofluorescence Microscopy. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:396-406. [PMID: 30023482 PMCID: PMC6044644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence lifetime of the endogenous fluorophore of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in HeLa cells is affected by the application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs). In this study, we found that after nsPEF application, the fluorescence lifetime became longer and then decreased in a stepwise manner upon further application, irrespective of the pulse width in the range of 10-50 ns. This application time dependence of the NADH fluorescence lifetime is very similar to the time-lapse dependence of the NADH fluorescence lifetime following the addition of an apoptosis inducer, staurosporine. These results, as well as the membrane swelling and blebbing after the application of nsPEFs, indicate that apoptosis is also induced by the application of nsPEFs in HeLa cells. In contrast to the lifetime, the fluorescence intensity remarkably depended on the pulse width of the applied nsPEF. When the pulse width was as large as 50 ns, the intensity monotonically increased and was distributed over the entire cell as the application duration became longer. As the pulse width of the applied electric field became smaller, the magnitude of the field-induced increase in NADH fluorescence intensity decreased; the intensity was reduced by the electric field when the pulse width was as small as 10 ns. These results suggest that the mechanism of electric-field-induced apoptosis depends on the pulse width of the applied nsPEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Awasthi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Takakazu Nakabayashi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohta
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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84
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Ahmed S, Fujita S, Matsumura K. Enhanced protein internalization and efficient endosomal escape using polyampholyte-modified liposomes and freeze concentration. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15888-15901. [PMID: 27439774 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03940e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we show a new strategy for efficient freeze concentration-mediated cytoplasmic delivery of proteins, obtained via the endosomal escape property of polyampholyte-modified liposomes. The freeze concentration method successfully induces the efficient internalization of proteins simply by freezing cells with protein and nanocarrier complexes. However, the mechanism of protein internalization remains unclear. Here, we designed a novel protein delivery carrier by modifying liposomes through incorporating hydrophobic polyampholytes therein. These complexes were characterized for particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry and microscopic analysis showed that the adsorption and internalization of protein-loaded polyampholyte-modified liposomes after freezing were enhanced compared with that observed in unfrozen complexes. Inhibition studies demonstrated that the internalization mechanism differs between unmodified and polyampholyte-modified liposomes. Furthermore, polyampholyte-modified liposomes exhibited high efficacy in facilitating endosomal escape to enhance protein delivery to the cytoplasm with low toxicity. These results strongly suggest that the freeze concentration-based strategy could be widely utilised for efficient cargo delivery into the cytoplasm in vitro not only in cancer treatment but also for gene therapy as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahmed
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
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85
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Modification of Pulsed Electric Field Conditions Results in Distinct Activation Profiles of Platelet-Rich Plasma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160933. [PMID: 27556645 PMCID: PMC4996457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) used in therapeutic wound healing applications is poorly characterized and standardized. Using pulsed electric fields (PEF) to activate platelets may reduce variability and eliminate complications associated with the use of bovine thrombin. We previously reported that exposing PRP to sub-microsecond duration, high electric field (SMHEF) pulses generates a greater number of platelet-derived microparticles, increased expression of prothrombotic platelet surfaces, and differential release of growth factors compared to thrombin. Moreover, the platelet releasate produced by SMHEF pulses induced greater cell proliferation than plasma. Aims To determine whether sub-microsecond duration, low electric field (SMLEF) bipolar pulses results in differential activation of PRP compared to SMHEF, with respect to profiles of activation markers, growth factor release, and cell proliferation capacity. Methods PRP activation by SMLEF bipolar pulses was compared to SMHEF pulses and bovine thrombin. PRP was prepared using the Harvest SmartPreP2 System from acid citrate dextrose anticoagulated healthy donor blood. PEF activation by either SMHEF or SMLEF pulses was performed using a standard electroporation cuvette preloaded with CaCl2 and a prototype instrument designed to take into account the electrical properties of PRP. Flow cytometry was used to assess platelet surface P-selectin expression, and annexin V binding. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial growth factor (EGF) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), and were measured by ELISA. The ability of supernatants to stimulate proliferation of human epithelial cells in culture was also evaluated. Controls included vehicle-treated, unactivated PRP and PRP with 10 mM CaCl2 activated with 1 U/mL bovine thrombin. Results PRP activated with SMLEF bipolar pulses or thrombin had similar light scatter profiles, consistent with the presence of platelet-derived microparticles, platelets, and platelet aggregates whereas SMHEF pulses primarily resulted in platelet-derived microparticles. Microparticles and platelets in PRP activated with SMLEF bipolar pulses had significantly lower annexin V-positivity than those following SMHEF activation. In contrast, the % P-selectin positivity and surface P-selectin expression (MFI) for platelets and microparticles in SMLEF bipolar pulse activated PRP was significantly higher than that in SMHEF-activated PRP, but not significantly different from that produced by thrombin activation. Higher levels of EGF were observed following either SMLEF bipolar pulses or SMHEF pulses of PRP than after bovine thrombin activation while VEGF, PDGF, and PF4 levels were similar with all three activating conditions. Cell proliferation was significantly increased by releasates of both SMLEF bipolar pulse and SMHEF pulse activated PRP compared to plasma alone. Conclusions PEF activation of PRP at bipolar low vs. monopolar high field strength results in differential platelet-derived microparticle production and activation of platelet surface procoagulant markers while inducing similar release of growth factors and similar capacity to induce cell proliferation. Stimulation of PRP with SMLEF bipolar pulses is gentler than SMHEF pulses, resulting in less platelet microparticle generation but with overall activation levels similar to that obtained with thrombin. These results suggest that PEF provides the means to alter, in a controlled fashion, PRP properties thereby enabling evaluation of their effects on wound healing and clinical outcomes.
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86
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Yin S, Chen X, Xie H, Zhou L, Guo D, Xu Y, Wu L, Zheng S. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) enhance cytotoxicity of cisplatin to hepatocellular cells by microdomain disruption on plasma membrane. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:233-40. [PMID: 27375200 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) can ablate solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but its effect on cell membrane is not fully understood. We hypothesized nsPEF disrupt the microdomains on outer-cellular membrane with direct mechanical force and as a result the plasma membrane permeability increases to facilitate the small molecule intake. Three HCC cells were pulsed one pulse per minute, an interval longer than nanopore resealing time. The cationized ferritin was used to mark up the electronegative microdomains, propidium iodide (PI) for membrane permeabilization, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for the negative cell surface charge and cisplatin for inner-cellular cytotoxicity. We demonstrated that the ferritin marked-microdomain and negative cell surface charge were disrupted by nsPEF caused-mechanical force. The cell uptake of propidium and cytotoxicity of DNA-targeted cisplatin increased with a dose effect. Cisplatin gains its maximum inner-cellular cytotoxicity when combining with nsPEF stimulation. We conclude that nsPEF disrupt the microdomains on the outer cellular membrane directly and increase the membrane permeabilization for PI and cisplatin. The microdomain disruption and membrane infiltration changes are caused by the mechanical force from the changes of negative cell surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Danjing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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87
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Bodénès P, Lopes F, Pareau D, Français O, Le Pioufle B. Microdevice for studying the in situ permeabilization and characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in lipid accumulation phase. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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88
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Evaluation of the Genetic Response of U937 and Jurkat Cells to 10-Nanosecond Electrical Pulses (nsEP). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154555. [PMID: 27135944 PMCID: PMC4852903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond electrical pulse (nsEP) exposure activates signaling pathways, produces oxidative stress, stimulates hormone secretion, causes cell swelling and induces apoptotic and necrotic death. The underlying biophysical connection(s) between these diverse cellular reactions and nsEP has yet to be elucidated. Using global genetic analysis, we evaluated how two commonly studied cell types, U937 and Jurkat, respond to nsEP exposure. We hypothesized that by studying the genetic response of the cells following exposure, we would gain direct insight into the stresses experienced by the cell and in turn better understand the biophysical interaction taking place during the exposure. Using Ingenuity Systems software, we found genes associated with cell growth, movement and development to be significantly up-regulated in both cell types 4 h post exposure to nsEP. In agreement with our hypothesis, we also found that both cell lines exhibit significant biological changes consistent with mechanical stress induction. These results advance nsEP research by providing strong evidence that the interaction of nsEPs with cells involves mechanical stress.
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89
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Effects of high voltage nanosecond electric pulses on eukaryotic cells (in vitro): A systematic review. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 110:1-12. [PMID: 26946156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
For this systematic review, 203 published reports on effects of electroporation using nanosecond high-voltage electric pulses (nsEP) on eukaryotic cells (human, animal, plant) in vitro were analyzed. A field synopsis summarizes current published data in the field with respect to publication year, cell types, exposure configuration, and pulse duration. Published data were analyzed for effects observed in eight main target areas (plasma membrane, intracellular, apoptosis, calcium level and distribution, survival, nucleus, mitochondria, stress) and an additional 107 detailed outcomes. We statistically analyzed effects of nsEP with respect to three pulse duration groups: A: 1-10ns, B: 11-100ns and C: 101-999ns. The analysis confirmed that the plasma membrane is more affected with longer pulses than with short pulses, seen best in uptake of dye molecules after applying single pulses. Additionally, we have reviewed measurements of nsEP and evaluations of the electric fields to which cells were exposed in these reports, and we provide recommendations for assessing nanosecond pulsed electric field effects in electroporation studies.
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90
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Kulbacka J. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) impact and enhanced Photofrin II® delivery in photodynamic reaction in cancer and normal cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:621-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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91
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Rossmeisl JH, Garcia PA, Pancotto TE, Robertson JL, Henao-Guerrero N, Neal RE, Ellis TL, Davalos RV. Safety and feasibility of the NanoKnife system for irreversible electroporation ablative treatment of canine spontaneous intracranial gliomas. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:1008-25. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.jns141768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel nonthermal ablation technique that has been used for the treatment of solid cancers. However, it has not been evaluated for use in brain tumors. Here, the authors report on the safety and feasibility of using the NanoKnife IRE system for the treatment of spontaneous intracranial gliomas in dogs.
METHODS
Client-owned dogs with a telencephalic glioma shown on MRI were eligible. Dog-specific treatment plans were generated by using MRI-based tissue segmentation, volumetric meshing, and finite element modeling. After biopsy confirmation of glioma, IRE treatment was delivered stereotactically with the NanoKnife system using pulse parameters and electrode configurations derived from therapeutic plans. The primary end point was an evaluation of safety over the 14 days immediately after treatment. Follow-up was continued for 12 months or until death with serial physical, neurological, laboratory, and MRI examinations.
RESULTS
Seven dogs with glioma were treated. The mean age of the dogs was 9.3 ± 1.6 years, and the mean pretreatment tumor volume was 1.9 ± 1.4 cm3. The median preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale score was 70 (range 30–75). Severe posttreatment toxicity was observed in 2 of the 7 dogs; one developed fatal (Grade 5) aspiration pneumonia, and the other developed treatment-associated cerebral edema, which resulted in transient neurological deterioration. Results of posttreatment diagnostic imaging, tumor biopsies, and neurological examinations indicated that tumor ablation was achieved without significant direct neurotoxicity in 6 of the 7 dogs. The median 14-day post-IRE Karnofsky Performance Scale score of the 6 dogs that survived to discharge was 80 (range 60–90), and this score was improved over the pretreatment value in every case. Objective tumor responses were seen in 4 (80%) of 5 dogs with quantifiable target lesions. The median survival was 119 days (range 1 to > 940 days).
CONCLUSION
With the incorporation of additional therapeutic planning procedures, the NanoKnife system is a novel technology capable of controlled IRE ablation of telencephalic gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Rossmeisl
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and
- 2Veterinary and Comparative Neurooncology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- 3Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; and
| | - Paulo A. Garcia
- 2Veterinary and Comparative Neurooncology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- 3Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; and
| | | | - John L. Robertson
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and
- 2Veterinary and Comparative Neurooncology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- 3Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; and
| | | | - Robert E. Neal
- 3Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; and
| | - Thomas L. Ellis
- 4Department of Neurosurgery and Deep Brain Stimulation Program, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- 3Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; and
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92
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Lamberti P, Romeo S, Sannino A, Zeni L, Zeni O. The Role of Pulse Repetition Rate in nsPEF-Induced Electroporation: A Biological and Numerical Investigation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:2234-43. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2419813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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93
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Tumour cell membrane poration and ablation by pulsed low-intensity electric field with carbon nanotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6890-901. [PMID: 25822874 PMCID: PMC4424994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16046890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is a physical method to increase permeabilization of cell membrane by electrical pulses. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can potentially act like "lighting rods" or exhibit direct physical force on cell membrane under alternating electromagnetic fields thus reducing the required field strength. A cell poration/ablation system was built for exploring these effects of CNTs in which two-electrode sets were constructed and two perpendicular electric fields could be generated sequentially. By applying this system to breast cancer cells in the presence of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), the effective pulse amplitude was reduced to 50 V/cm (main field)/15 V/cm (alignment field) at the optimized pulse frequency (5 Hz) of 500 pulses. Under these conditions instant cell membrane permeabilization was increased to 38.62%, 2.77-fold higher than that without CNTs. Moreover, we also observed irreversible electroporation occurred under these conditions, such that only 39.23% of the cells were viable 24 h post treatment, in contrast to 87.01% cell viability without presence of CNTs. These results indicate that CNT-enhanced electroporation has the potential for tumour cell ablation by significantly lower electric fields than that in conventional electroporation therapy thus avoiding potential risks associated with the use of high intensity electric pulses.
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94
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Beebe J S. Mechanisms of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (NsPEF)-Induced Cell Death in Cells and Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15406/jnmr.2015.02.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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95
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Beebe SJ. Hepatocellular carcinoma ablation and possible immunity in the age of nanosecond pulsed electric fields. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2015; 2:49-55. [PMID: 27508194 PMCID: PMC4918284 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s83941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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96
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Estlack LE, Roth CC, Thompson GL, Lambert WA, Ibey BL. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields modulate the expression of Fas/CD95 death receptor pathway regulators in U937 and Jurkat Cells. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1755-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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97
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Beebe SJ. Considering effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields on proteins. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 103:52-9. [PMID: 25218277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Most, if not all, effects of intense, pulsed electric fields are analyzed in terms of electrical charging of plasma membranes and/or subcellular membranes. However, not all cell responses from nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are fully explained by poration of cell membranes. Observations that nsPEFs induce a Ca2-dependent dissipation of the mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm), which is enhanced when high frequency components are present in fast rise-fall waveforms, are not compatible with a poration event. Ca(2+) is shown to have little or no effect on propidium iodide uptake as a measure of plasma membrane poration and consequently intracellular membranes. Since most if not all Ca(2+)-regulated events are mediated by proteins, actions of nsPEFs on a protein(s) that regulate and/or affect the mitochondria membrane potential are possible. To show that nsPEFs can directly affect proteins, nsPEFs non-thermally inactivated the catalytic (phosphotransferase) activity of the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which is the prototype of the protein kinase superfamily that share a common catalytic mechanism and whose functions are highly dependent on their structure. These studies present indirect and direct evidences that nsPEFs can affect proteins and their functions, at least in part, by affecting their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, United States.
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98
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Sano MB, Arena CB, DeWitt MR, Saur D, Davalos RV. In-vitro bipolar nano- and microsecond electro-pulse bursts for irreversible electroporation therapies. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 100:69-79. [PMID: 25131187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Under the influence of external electric fields, cells experience a rapid potential buildup across the cell membrane. Above a critical threshold of electric field strength, permanent cell damage can occur, resulting in cell death. Typical investigations of electroporation effects focus on two distinct regimes. The first uses sub-microsecond duration, high field strength pulses while the second uses longer (50 μs+) duration, but lower field strength pulses. Here we investigate the effects of pulses between these two extremes. The charging behavior of the cell membrane and nuclear envelope is evaluated numerically in response to bipolar pulses between 250 ns and 50 μs. Typical irreversible electroporation protocols expose cells to 90 monopolar pulses, each 100 μs in duration with a 1 second inter-pulse delay. Here, we replace each monopolar waveform with a burst of alternating polarity pulses, while keeping the total energized time (100 μs), burst number (80), and inter-burst delay (1s) the same. We show that these bursts result in instantaneous and delayed cell death mechanisms and that there exists an inverse relationship between pulse-width and toxicity despite the delivery of equal quantities of energy. At 1500 V/cm only treatments with bursts containing 50 μs pulses (2×) resulted in viability below 10%. At 4000 V/cm, bursts with 1 μs (100×), 2 μs (50×), 5 μs (20×), 10 μs (10×), and 50 μs (2×) duration pulses reduced viability below 10% while bursts with 500 ns (200×) and 250 ns (400×) pulses resulted in viabilities of 31% and 92%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dieter Saur
- Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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99
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Guo F, Yao C, Li C, Mi Y, Peng Q, Tang J. In Vivo Evidences of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields for Melanoma Malignancy Treatment on Tumor-Bearing BALB/c Nude Mice. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2014; 13:337-44. [DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to get in vivo evidences of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) for skin tumor treatment, tumor models in 10 female BALB/c nude mice were established by inoculating them with human melanoma cells A375. These mice were randomly divided into treated group (exposed to nsPEF with intensity of 20 kV/cm and duration of 300 ns) and control group equally. Five days post-nsPEF treatment, tumor growth in the treated group was effectively inhibited ( P < 0.01 compared with that in control group), typical apoptotic characteristics (DNA damage and fragmentation) were observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and significant increases in Bax and decreases in Bcl-2, micro-vessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed by immunohistochemistry ( P < 0.01). These experimental results indicate that in vivo tumor growth can be effectively inhibited by nsPEF, which activate two targets, apoptosis initiation and angiogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Chenguo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Chengxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yan Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical Science University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junying Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical Science University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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100
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Chen R, Sain NM, Harlow KT, Chen YJ, Shires PK, Heller R, Beebe SJ. A protective effect after clearance of orthotopic rat hepatocellular carcinoma by nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2705-13. [PMID: 25081978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for treating liver cancer using radiation, chemotherapy combinations and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting specific mutations have provided longer survival times, yet multiple treatments are often needed and recurrences with new malignant phenotypes are not uncommon. New and innovative treatments are undoubtedly needed to successfully treat liver cancer. Over the last decade, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) have shown promise in pre-clinical studies; however, these have been limited to treatment of skin cancers or xenographs in mice. In the present report, an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model is established in rats using N1-S1 HCC cells. Data demonstrate a response rate of 80-90% when 1000 pulses are delivered with 100ns durations, electric field strengths of 50kV/cm and repetition rates of 1Hz. N1-S1 tumours treated with nsPEFs expressed significant number of cells with active caspase-3 and caspase-9, but not caspase-8, indicating an intrinsic apoptosis mechanism(s) as well as caspase-independent mechanisms. Most remarkably, rats with successfully ablated tumours failed to re-grow tumours when challenged with a second injection of N1-S1 cells when implanted in the same or different liver lobe that harboured the original tumour. Given this protective effect, infiltration of immune cells and the presence of granzyme B expressing cells within days of treatment suggest the possibility of an anti-tumour adaptive immune response. In conclusion, NsPEFs not only eliminate N1-S1 HCC tumours, but also may induce an immuno-protective effect that defends animals against recurrences of the same cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; Ethicon, 4545 Creek Road, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Nova M Sain
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - K Tyler Harlow
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Yeong-Jer Chen
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | | | - Richard Heller
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, IRP2, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
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