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Lisignoli G, Manferdini C, Lambertini E, Zini N, Angelozzi M, Gabusi E, Gambari L, Penolazzi L, Lolli A, Facchini A, Piva R. Chondrogenic potential of Slug-depleted human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2795-805. [PMID: 24712489 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of short interfering RNA (siRNA) in combination with stem cells and biocompatible scaffolds is a promising strategy in regenerative medicine. Our experimental strategy was to explore the possibility of forcing or guiding the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by knocking down a negative regulator of chondrogenesis, Slug transcription factor (TF), thus altering cell behavior. We found that TGFβ-driven chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs cultured onto a hyaluronan-based scaffold, HYAFF(®)-11, was strengthened after cell exposure to siRNA against Slug. Slug silencing was effective in promoting the expression of chondrogenic markers, including Col2A1, aggrecan, Sox9, LEF1, and TRPS1. In addition, we confirmed that HYAFF-11 is a good scaffold candidate for hMSC use in tissue engineering applications, and showed that it is effective in sustaining TGFβ3 treatment associated with a specific gene silencing. Interestingly, preliminary results from the experimental model described here suggested that, even in the absence of differentiation supplements, Slug silencing showed a pro-chondrogenic effect, highlighting both its potential use as an alternative to TGFβ treatment, and the critical role of the Slug TF in determining the fate of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lisignoli
- 1 SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna, Italy
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Roberts J, Elder RM, Neumann AJ, Jayaraman A, Bryant SJ. Interaction of hyaluronan binding peptides with glycosaminoglycans in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1132-41. [PMID: 24597474 PMCID: PMC3993952 DOI: 10.1021/bm401524h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the incorporation of hyaluronan (HA) binding peptides into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels as a mechanism to bind and retain hyaluronan for applications in tissue engineering. The specificity of the peptide sequence (native RYPISRPRKRC vs non-native RPSRPRIRYKC), the role of basic amino acids, and specificity to hyaluronan over other GAGs in contributing to the peptide-hyaluronan interaction were probed through experiments and simulations. Hydrogels containing the native or non-native peptide retained hyaluronan in a dose-dependent manner. Ionic interactions were the dominating mechanism. In diH2O the peptides interacted strongly with HA and chondroitin sulfate, but in phosphate buffered saline the peptides interacted more strongly with HA. For cartilage tissue engineering, chondrocyte-laden PEG hydrogels containing increasing amounts of HA binding peptide and exogenous HA had increased retention and decreased loss of cell-secreted proteoglycans in and from the hydrogel at 28 days. This new matrix-interactive hydrogel platform holds promise for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine
J. Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, BioFrontiers Institute, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Robert M. Elder
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, BioFrontiers Institute, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Alexander J. Neumann
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, BioFrontiers Institute, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, BioFrontiers Institute, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Stephanie J. Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, BioFrontiers Institute, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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May JR, Gentilini C, Clarke DE, Odarchenko YI, Anokhin DV, Ivanov DA, Feldman K, Smith P, Stevens MM. Tailoring of mechanical properties of derivatized natural polyamino acids through esterification and tensile deformation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44865g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Tissue engineered cartilage constructs have potential clinical applications in human healthcare. Their effective utilization is, however, hampered by the lack of an optimal cryopreservation procedure that ensures their availability as and when required at the patient’s bedside. Cryopreservation-induced stress represents a major barrier towards the cryopreservation of such tissue constructs, and they remain a scientific challenge despite the significant progress in the long-term storage and banking of isolated chondrocytes and thin cartilage tissue slices. These stresses are caused by intra- and extracellular ice crystallization, cryoprotectant (CPA) toxicity, suboptimal rates of cooling and warming, osmotic imbalance, and altered intracellular pH that might cause cellular death and/or a disruption of extracellular matrix (ECM). This paper reviews the cryopreservation-induced stresses on tissue engineered cartilages and discusses how they influence the integrity of the tissue during its long-term preservation. We have also reported how various antioxidants, vitamins, and plant extracts have been used to inhibit and overcome the stress during cryopreservation and provide promising results.
Based on the reviewed information, the paper has also proposed some novel ways which might help in increasing the postthawing cell viability of cryopreserved cartilage.
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Li Q, Huang C, Xu Z, Liu G, Liu Y, Xiao Z, Nie C, Zheng B, Yang D. The fetal porcine aorta and mesenteric acellular matrix as small-caliber tissue engineering vessels and microvasculature scaffold. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2013; 37:822-32. [PMID: 23817746 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-013-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is characterized by not only well-preserved scaffolds of organs and vascularized tissues, but also by extremely low immunogenicity during allo- or xeno-implantation. This study aimed to establish a model of a composite microvasculature network scaffold with a small-caliber-dominant vascular pedicle by decellularizing fetal porcine aorta and the conterminous mesentery. METHODS The aorta and the conterminous mesenteric vascular system originating from the inferior mesenteric artery were harvested from fetal pigs at late gestation. All of the cellular components were removed by sequential treatment with Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. After the degree of decellularization was assessed, the fetal porcine aorta and mesenteric acellular matrix (FPAMAM) were transplanted into dogs. RESULTS Gross and histologic examination demonstrated the removal of cellular constituents with preservation of ECM architecture, including macrochannels and microchannels. The residual DNA content in the FPAMAM was less than 2 %. The aorta and microchannels were perfused well, and the fetal porcine aorta had good patency for more than 3 months. CONCLUSIONS The integrity of the FPAMAM provided a scaffold for the reconstruction of a rich vascular network with numerous segmentally radiating branches. Decellularized fetal porcine vascular tissue might be a potential alternative for xenogeneic transplantation based on its optimized properties and low immunogenicity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Li
- Division of Plastic Surgery, The 2nd Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Liu H, Shi G, Pan S, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Benzylation of Carboxylic Acids with Toluene via Benzylic C–H Activation. Org Lett 2013; 15:4098-101. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401687f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Siping Road 1239, P. R. China
| | - Guangfa Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Siping Road 1239, P. R. China
| | - Shulei Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Siping Road 1239, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Siping Road 1239, P. R. China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China, and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Siping Road 1239, P. R. China
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Silvestri A, Boffito M, Sartori S, Ciardelli G. Biomimetic Materials and Scaffolds for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:984-1019. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Silvestri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Susanna Sartori
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
- CNR-IPCF UOS Pisa; Via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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Khan F, Ahmad SR. Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives for Versatile Tissue Engineering Application. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:395-421. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dreifke MB, Ebraheim NA, Jayasuriya AC. Investigation of potential injectable polymeric biomaterials for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2436-47. [PMID: 23401336 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the potential injectable polymeric biomaterial scaffolds currently being investigated for application in bone tissue regeneration. Two types of injectable biomaterial scaffolds are focused in this review, including injectable microspheres and injectable gels. The injectable microspheres section covers several polymeric materials, including poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)-PLGA, poly(propylene fumarate), and chitosan. The injectable gel section covers alginate gels, hyaluronan hydrogels, poly(ethylene-glycol)-PEG hydrogels, and PEG-PLGA copolymer hydrogels. This review focuses on the effect of cellular behavior in vitro and in vivo in terms of material properties of polymers, such as biodegradation, biocompatibility, porosity, microsphere size, and cross-linking nature. Injectable polymeric biomaterials offer a major advantage for orthopedic applications by allowing the ability to use noninvasive or minimally invasive treatment methods. Therefore, combining injectable polymeric biomaterial scaffolds with cells have a significant potential to treat orthopedic bone defects, including spine fusion, and craniofacial and periodontal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Dreifke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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Fiumana E, Pasquinelli G, Foroni L, Carboni M, Bonafé F, Orrico C, Nardo B, Tsivian M, Neri F, Arpesella G, Guarnieri C, Caldarera CM, Muscari C. Localization of mesenchymal stem cells grafted with a hyaluronan-based scaffold in the infarcted heart. J Surg Res 2013; 179:e21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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63
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Majji G, Guin S, Gogoi A, Rout SK, Patel BK. Easy access to benzylic esters directly from alkyl benzenes under metal-free conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3031-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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The osteogenic study of tissue engineering bone with BMP2 and BMP7 gene-modified rat adipose-derived stem cell. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:410879. [PMID: 22778550 PMCID: PMC3388521 DOI: 10.1155/2012/410879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility and advantages of constructing a novel tissue engineering bone, using β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), modified with BMP2 and BMP7 by lentivirus. In the present study, ADSCs transfected with Lv-BMP2 and Lv-BMP7, alone or together, were seeded on β-TCP scaffold and cultured in vitro. Based on the results of DNA assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining and osteogenic marker genes expression analysis, the BMP2 and BMP7 genes cotransfection group exhibited a higher degree of osteogenic differentiation in vitro. To investigate the in vivo osteogenesis of the tissue engineering bone, the ADSCs/β-TCP constructs were implanted in rat femurs defects for 6 weeks and studied histomorphology and radiography. The results showed that BMP2 and BMP7 genes cotransfection group dramatically enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation than BMP2 group and BMP7 group in vivo. These results demonstrated that it was advantageous to construct tissue engineering bone using ADSCs cotransfected with BMP2 and BMP7 on β-TCP, providing a potential way for treating bone defects.
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Faga A, Nicoletti G, Brenta F, Scevola S, Abatangelo G, Brun P. Hyaluronic acid three-dimensional scaffold for surgical revision of retracting scars: a human experimental study. Int Wound J 2012; 10:329-35. [PMID: 22630331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An observational study was carried out at the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit of the University of Pavia - Salvatore Maugeri Research and Care Institute, Pavia, Italy, to assess the clinical and histological long-term outcomes of autologous skin grafting of fresh surgical wounds following previous repair with a hyaluronic acid three-dimensional scaffold (Hyalomatrix®). Eleven fresh wounds from surgical release of retracted scars were enrolled in this study. A stable skin-like tissue cover was observed in all of the treated wounds in an average 1 month's time; at the end of this study, after an average of 12 months' time, all of the reconstructed areas were pliable and stable, although an average retraction rate of 51·62% was showed. Histological observation and immunohistochemical analysis displayed integration of the graft within the surrounding tissues. A regenerated dermis with an extracellular matrix rich in type I collagen and elastic fibres and with reduced type III collagen rate was observed. The epidermis and dermoepidermal junction featured a normal appearance with well-structured dermal papillae, too. Although the histological features would suggest regeneration of a skin-like tissue, with a good dermis and no signs of scarring, the clinical problem of secondary contracture is still unsolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Faga
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Research and Care Institute, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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66
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Gentilini C, Dong Y, May JR, Goldoni S, Clarke DE, Lee BH, Pashuck ET, Stevens MM. Functionalized poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184745 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) is a biocompatible, enzymatically-degradable, natural polymer with a higher resistance to hydrolysis than polyesters commonly used for tissue engineering scaffolds such as poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). Notably, γ-PGA's free carboxyl side groups allow for simple chemical functionalization, making it a versatile candidate for producing scaffolds. Here, a series of water-resistant fibrous scaffolds were engineered from ethyl (Et), propyl (Pr) and benzyl (Bn) esterifications of γ-PGA. All scaffolds were non-cytotoxic and γ-PGA-Bn showed an increase in cell adhesion of hMSCs compared to γ-PGA-Et and γ-PGA-Pr. Moreover, cells on γ-PGA-Bn showed three-fold higher viability at day 14 and significantly higher adhesion when compared with PLLA scaffolds, despite having a similar hydrophobicity. Cell attachment decreased by 40% when the polymer was only partially modified with benzyl groups (γ-PGA-Bn-77%), but was restored when integrin-binding RGD peptide was conjugated to the remaining free carboxylic groups, indicating the peptide was accessible and able to bind integrins. The mechanism behind the cell-material interactions on γ-PGA-Bn scaffolds was further investigated through protein adsorption and fibronectin conformation experiments. These results, in addition to the cell-adhesion studies, suggest an inherent effect of the benzyl modification in the mechanism of cell attachment to γ-PGA-Bn scaffolds. Finally, γ-PGA-Bn scaffolds cultured in osteogenic media were also efficient in supporting hMSCs differentiation towards an osteogenic lineage as determined by alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 gene expression. Taken together these data suggest that esterified γ-PGA polymer scaffolds are new and versatile candidates for tissue engineering applications and that, intriguingly, aromatic functionality plays a key role in the cell-scaffold interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gentilini
- Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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67
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Feng J, Liang S, Chen SY, Zhang J, Fu SS, Yu XQ. A Metal-Free Oxidative Esterification of the Benzyl CH Bond. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Egli RJ, Wernike E, Grad S, Luginbühl R. Physiological cartilage tissue engineering effect of oxygen and biomechanics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 289:37-87. [PMID: 21749898 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386039-2.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro engineering of cartilaginous tissues has been studied for many years, and tissue-engineered constructs are sought to be used clinically for treating articular cartilage defects. Even though there is a plethora of studies and data available, no breakthroughs have been achieved yet that allow for implanting in vivo cultured articular cartilaginous tissues in patients. A review of contributions to cartilage tissue engineering over the past decades emphasizes that most of the studies were performed under environmental conditions neglecting the physiological situation. This is specifically pronounced in the use of bioreactor systems which neither allow for application of near physiomechanical stimulations nor for controlling a hypoxic environment as it is experienced in synovial joints. It is suspected that the negligence of these important parameters has slowed down progress and prevented major breakthroughs in the field. This review focuses on the main aspects of cartilage tissue engineering with emphasis on the relation and understanding of employing physiological conditions.
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Gallina C, Dolgetta S, Alloatti G, Levi R, Gallo MP. Development of morphology and function of neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes cultured on a hyaluronan-based polymer scaffold. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:800-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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BDNF blended chitosan scaffolds for human umbilical cord MSC transplants in traumatic brain injury therapy. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3119-26. [PMID: 22264526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the cytotoxicity of a BDNF blended chitosan scaffold with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs), and the in vitro effect of BDNF blended chitosan scaffolds on neural stem cell differentiation with the aim of contributing alternative methods in tissue engineering for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The chitosan scaffold based on immobilization of BDNF by genipin (GP) as a crosslinking agent referred to hereafter as a CGB scaffold was prepared by freezing-drying technique. hUC-MSCs were co-cultured with the CGB scaffold. Fluorescent nuclear staining (Hoechst 33342) was employed to determine the attachment of the hUC-MSCs to CGB scaffolds on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 10th day of co-culture. The viability of hUC-MSCs adhered to the CGB scaffold was determined by digesting with 0.25% trypsin and evaluating with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Prior to this, the diameter and porosity of CGB scaffolds were measured. The amount of BDNF released from CGB over a 30 day period was determined by ELISA. Finally, we investigated whether the released BDNF can induce NSC to differentiate into neurons. There were no significant differences in diameter and porosity of individual CGB scaffolds (P > 0.05). There were on average more cells on the CGB scaffold on the first day than on any other day sampled (P < 0.05). The CGB scaffolds released BDNF in a uniform profile, whereas the CB scaffolds only released BDNF during the first 3 days. BDNF released from CGB scaffold promoted neuronal differentiation of NSCs and led to significant differences in differentiation rate and average neuron perimeter compared with the control group. The results of this study demonstrate that CGB scaffolds are biocompatible with hUC-MSCs and that granular CGB scaffolds covered with hUC-MSCs are expected to generate new advances for future treatment of traumatic brain injury.
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Gardin C, Vindigni V, Bressan E, Ferroni L, Nalesso E, Puppa AD, D’Avella D, Lops D, Pinton P, Zavan B. Hyaluronan and fibrin biomaterial as scaffolds for neuronal differentiation of adult stem cells derived from adipose tissue and skin. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6749-64. [PMID: 22072917 PMCID: PMC3211008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12106749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have described a simple protocol to obtain an enriched culture of adult stem cells organized in neurospheres from two post-natal tissues: skin and adipose tissue. Due to their possible application in neuronal tissue regeneration, here we tested two kinds of scaffold well known in tissue engineering application: hyaluronan based membranes and fibrin-glue meshes. Neurospheres from skin and adipose tissue were seeded onto two scaffold types: hyaluronan based membrane and fibrin-glue meshes. Neurospheres were then induced to acquire a glial and neuronal-like phenotype. Gene expression, morphological feature and chromosomal imbalance (kariotype) were analyzed and compared. Adipose and skin derived neurospheres are able to grow well and to differentiate into glial/neuron cells without any chromosomal imbalance in both scaffolds. Adult cells are able to express typical cell surface markers such as S100; GFAP; nestin; βIII tubulin; CNPase. In summary, we have demonstrated that neurospheres isolated from skin and adipose tissues are able to differentiate in glial/neuron-like cells, without any chromosomal imbalance in two scaffold types, useful for tissue engineering application: hyaluronan based membrane and fibrin-glue meshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gardin
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mails: (C.G.); (L.F.); (E.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Eriberto Bressan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Padova; Via Venezia 90, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mails: (C.G.); (L.F.); (E.N.)
| | - Elisa Nalesso
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mails: (C.G.); (L.F.); (E.N.)
| | - Alessandro Della Puppa
- Unit of Neurosurgery; University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mails: (A.D.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Domenico D’Avella
- Unit of Neurosurgery; University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mails: (A.D.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Diego Lops
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 21120 Milan, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI) and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara; Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy; E-Mails: (C.G.); (L.F.); (E.N.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel: +39-049-8276096; Fax: +39-049-8276079
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Jiang J, Fan CY, Zeng BF. Experimental construction of BMP2 and VEGF gene modified tissue engineering bone in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1744-55. [PMID: 21673920 PMCID: PMC3111631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and advantages of constructing a novel tissue engineering bone, using β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), modified with human bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene (hBMP2) and human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 gene (hVEGF165), through lentiviral transfection. Both genes were successfully co-expressed in the co-transfection group for up to eight weeks confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After seeding MSCs onto the scaffolds, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that MSCs grew and proliferated well in co-transfection group at 7 and 14 days. There was no significant difference among all the groups in hoechst DNA assay for cell proliferation for 14 days after cell seeding (P > 0.05), but the highest alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was observed in the co-transfection group at 14 days after cell seeding (p < 0.01). These results demonstrated that it was advantageous to construct tissue engineering bone using β-TCP combined with MSCs lentivirally co-transfected with BMP2 and VEGF165, providing an innovative way for treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mail:
| | - Cun-Yi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; E-Mail:
| | - Bing-Fang Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; E-Mail:
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Pandis L, Zavan B, Bassetto F, Ferroni L, Iacobellis L, Abatangelo G, Lepidi S, Cortivo R, Vindigni V. Hyaluronic acid biodegradable material for reconstruction of vascular wall: a preliminary study in rats. Microsurgery 2011; 31:138-45. [PMID: 21268111 DOI: 10.1002/micr.20856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this preliminary study was to develop a reabsorbable vascular patch that did not require in vitro cell or biochemical preconditioning for vascular wall repair. Patches were composed only of hyaluronic acid (HA). Twenty male Wistar rats weighing 250-350 g were used. The abdominal aorta was exposed and isolated. A rectangular breach (1 mm × 5 mm) was made on vessel wall and arterial defect was repaired with HA made patch. Performance was assessed at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after surgery by histology and immunohistochemistry. Extracellular matrix components were evaluated by molecular biological methods. After 16 weeks, the biomaterial was almost completely degraded and replaced by a neoartery wall composed of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, collagen, and elastin fibers organized in layers. In conclusion, HA patches provide a provisional three-dimensional support to interact with cells for the control of their function, guiding the spatially and temporally multicellular processes of artery regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pandis
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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In vivo biocompatibility study of electrospun chitosan microfiber for tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4140-8. [PMID: 21152326 PMCID: PMC2996788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we examined the biocompatibility of electrospun chitosan microfibers as a scaffold. The chitosan microfibers showed a three-dimensional pore structure by SEM. The chitosan microfibers supported attachment and viability of rat muscle-derived stem cells (rMDSCs). Subcutaneous implantation of the chitosan microfibers demonstrated that implantation of rMDSCs containing chitosan microfibers induced lower host tissue responses with decreased macrophage accumulation than did the chitosan microfibers alone, probably due to the immunosuppression of the transplanted rMDSCs. Our results collectively show that chitosan microfibers could serve as a biocompatible in vivo scaffold for rMDSCs in rats.
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