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Verbrugge SE, Al M, Assaraf YG, Kammerer S, Chandrupatla DMSH, Honeywell R, Musters RPJ, Giovannetti E, O'Toole T, Scheffer GL, Krige D, de Gruijl TD, Niessen HWM, Lems WF, Kramer PA, Scheper RJ, Cloos J, Ossenkoppele GJ, Peters GJ, Jansen G. Multifactorial resistance to aminopeptidase inhibitor prodrug CHR2863 in myeloid leukemia cells: down-regulation of carboxylesterase 1, drug sequestration in lipid droplets and pro-survival activation ERK/Akt/mTOR. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5240-57. [PMID: 26496029 PMCID: PMC4868683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminopeptidase inhibitors are receiving attention as combination chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia. However, the factors determining therapeutic efficacy remain elusive. Here we identified the molecular basis of acquired resistance to CHR2863, an orally available hydrophobic aminopeptidase inhibitor prodrug with an esterase-sensitive motif, in myeloid leukemia cells. CHR2863 enters cells by diffusion and is retained therein upon esterase activity-mediated conversion to its hydrophilic active metabolite drug CHR6768, thereby exerting amino acid depletion. Carboxylesterases (CES) serve as candidate prodrug activating enzymes given CES1 expression in acute myeloid leukemia specimens. We established two novel myeloid leukemia sublines U937/CHR2863(200) and U937/CHR2863(5uM), with low (14-fold) and high level (270-fold) CHR2863 resistance. The latter drug resistant cells displayed: (i) complete loss of CES1-mediated drug activation associated with down-regulation of CES1 mRNA and protein, (ii) marked retention/sequestration of the prodrug, (iii) a substantial increase in intracellular lipid droplets, and (iv) a dominant activation of the pro-survival Akt/mTOR pathway. Remarkably, the latter feature coincided with a gain of sensitivity to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. These finding delineate the molecular basis of CHR2863 resistance and offer a novel modality to overcome this drug resistance in myeloid leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ellen Verbrugge
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Clinical Chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon Al
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowsky Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarah Kammerer
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Present address: Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Durga M S H Chandrupatla
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Honeywell
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene P J Musters
- Department of Physiology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom O'Toole
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George L Scheffer
- Departments of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Krige
- Chroma Therapeutics Ltd, Abingdon, United Kingdom.,Present address: Immunocore Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Departments of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem F Lems
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rik J Scheper
- Departments of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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ERAP1 and ERAP2 Gene Variations Influence the Risk of Psoriatic Arthritis in Romanian Population. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 64:123-129. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Mapping adipose and muscle tissue expression quantitative trait loci in African Americans to identify genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Hum Genet 2016; 135:869-80. [PMID: 27193597 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Relative to European Americans, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in African Americans (AAs). Genetic variation may modulate transcript abundance in insulin-responsive tissues and contribute to risk; yet, published studies identifying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in African ancestry populations are restricted to blood cells. This study aims to develop a map of genetically regulated transcripts expressed in tissues important for glucose homeostasis in AAs, critical for identifying the genetic etiology of T2D and related traits. Quantitative measures of adipose and muscle gene expression, and genotypic data were integrated in 260 non-diabetic AAs to identify expression regulatory variants. Their roles in genetic susceptibility to T2D, and related metabolic phenotypes, were evaluated by mining GWAS datasets. eQTL analysis identified 1971 and 2078 cis-eGenes in adipose and muscle, respectively. Cis-eQTLs for 885 transcripts including top cis-eGenes CHURC1, USMG5, and ERAP2 were identified in both tissues. 62.1 % of top cis-eSNPs were within ±50 kb of transcription start sites and cis-eGenes were enriched for mitochondrial transcripts. Mining GWAS databases revealed association of cis-eSNPs for more than 50 genes with T2D (e.g. PIK3C2A, RBMS1, UFSP1), gluco-metabolic phenotypes (e.g. INPP5E, SNX17, ERAP2, FN3KRP), and obesity (e.g. POMC, CPEB4). Integration of GWAS meta-analysis data from AA cohorts revealed the most significant association for cis-eSNPs of ATP5SL and MCCC1 genes, with T2D and BMI, respectively. This study developed the first comprehensive map of adipose and muscle tissue eQTLs in AAs (publically accessible at https://mdsetaa.phs.wakehealth.edu ) and identified genetically regulated transcripts for delineating genetic causes of T2D, and related metabolic phenotypes.
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54
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Lucena G, Reyes-Botella C, García-Martínez O, Ramos-Torrecillas J, De Luna Bertos E, Ruiz C. Effect of NSAIDs on the aminopeptidase activity of cultured human osteoblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 426:146-54. [PMID: 26930569 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases (APs) are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In tumor tissues the expression of APs, cyclooxygenase-2 and its metabolites are increased. The objective was to determine the effect of certain NSAIDs on the AP activity of osteoblasts. Primary cultures of osteoblast were treated with different concentrations of indomethacin, meloxicam, naproxen, nimesulide, and piroxicam. The AP activity was fluorimetrically determined using aminoacyl-β-naphthylamides (aa-βNAs) as substrates: Ala-βNA, Arg-βNA, Gly-βNA, Leu-βNA, Lys-βNA, Met-βNA, and Phe-βNA. The five NSAIDs showed an inhibitory effect of AP activity against the study substrates depending on the dose tested. Meloxicam and piroxicam had the highest inhibitory effect on enzymatic activity, with an IC50 of around 70 μM. Our results suggest that the physiological alteration of osteoblasts in the presence of NSAIDs may be a consequence of AP inhibition, suggesting a potential clinical role for these drugs against cancer in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lucena
- Biobanco, Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía, Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - C Reyes-Botella
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada. Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Spain
| | - O García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada. Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Spain
| | - J Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada. Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Spain
| | - E De Luna Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada. Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Spain
| | - C Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada. Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla, Granada, University of Granada, Spain.
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55
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Fruci D, Romania P, D'Alicandro V, Locatelli F. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 function and its pathogenic role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity in cancer and major histocompatibility complex class I-associated autoimmune diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 84:177-86. [PMID: 25066018 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present antigenic peptides on the cell surface to alert natural killer (NK) cells and CD8(+) T cells for the presence of abnormal intracellular events, such as virus infection or malignant transformation. The generation of antigenic peptides is a multistep process that ends with the trimming of N-terminal extensions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of ERAP1 in reprogramming the immunogenicity of tumor cells in order to elicit innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses, and in conferring susceptibility to autoimmune diseases in predisposed individuals. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge about the role of ERAP1 in MHC class I antigen processing and how its manipulation may constitute a promising tool for cancer immunotherapy and treatment of MHC class I-associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165, Rome, Italy
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Fan K, Li D, Zhang Y, Han C, Liang J, Hou C, Xiao H, Ikenaka K, Ma J. The induction of neuronal death by up-regulated microglial cathepsin H in LPS-induced neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:54. [PMID: 25889123 PMCID: PMC4379721 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a hallmark that leads to selective neuronal loss and/or dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Microglia-derived lysosomal cathepsins are increasingly recognized as important inflammatory mediators to trigger signaling pathways that aggravate neuroinflammation. However, cathepsin H (Cat H), a cysteine protease, has been far less studied in neuroinflammation, compared to cathepsins B, D, L, and S. The expression patterns and functional roles of Cat H in the brain in neuroinflammation remain unknown. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with either 0.9% saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used to analyze expression and localization of Cat H in the brain. Nitrite assay was used to examine microglial activation in vitro; ELISA was used to determine the release of Cat H and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ). Cat H activity was analyzed by cellular Cat H assay kit. Flow cytometry and in situ cell death detection were used to investigate neuronal death. Data were evaluated for statistical significance with one-way ANOVA and t test. RESULTS Cat H mRNA was only present in perivascular microglia and non-parenchymal sites under normal conditions. After LPS injection, Cat H mRNA expression in activated microglia in different brain regions was increased. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, Cat H mRNA expression was maximal in SNr; 72 h later, it peaked in cerebral cortex and hippocampus then decreased and maintained at a low level. The expression of Cat H protein exhibited the similar alterations after LPS injection. In vitro, inflammatory stimulation (LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ) increased the release and activity of Cat H in microglia. Conversely, addition of Cat H to microglia promoted the production and release of NO, IL-1β, and IFN-γ which could be prevented by neutralizing antibody. Further, addition of Cat H to Neuro2a cells induced neuronal death. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate that the up-regulated microglial Cat H expression, release, and activity in the brain lead to neuronal death in neuroinflammation. The functional link of Cat H with microglial activation might contribute to the initiation and maintenance of microglia-driven chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road, Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, , Liaoning, China.
| | - Daobo Li
- Clinical Medicine of Seven-year Education, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, , Liaoning, China.
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road, Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, , Liaoning, China.
| | - Chao Han
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, , Liaoning, China.
| | - Junjie Liang
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, , Liaoning, China.
| | - Changyi Hou
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, , Liaoning, China.
| | - Hongliang Xiao
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, , Liaoning, China.
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, , Aichi, Japan.
| | - Jianmei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road, Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, , Liaoning, China.
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Papakyriakou A, Zervoudi E, Tsoukalidou S, Mauvais FX, Sfyroera G, Mastellos DC, van Endert P, Theodorakis EA, Vourloumis D, Stratikos E. 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives as inhibitors of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulating properties. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1524-43. [PMID: 25635706 DOI: 10.1021/jm501867s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases (ERAP1, ERAP2, and IRAP) play important roles in both the adaptive and innate human immune responses. Their enzymatic activity can contribute to the pathogenesis of several major human diseases ranging from viral and parasitic infections to autoimmunity and cancer. We have previously demonstrated that diaminobenzoic acid derivatives show promise as selective inhibitors for this group of aminopeptidases. In this study, we have thoroughly explored a series of 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives as inhibitors of this class of enzymes, achieving submicromolar inhibitors for ERAP2 (IC50 = 237 nM) and IRAP (IC50 = 105 nM). Cell-based analysis indicated that the lead compounds can be effective in downregulating macrophage activation induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ as well as cross-presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Our results indicate that this class of inhibitors may be useful for the targeted downregulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Papakyriakou
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
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Carneiro BA, Altman JK, Kaplan JB, Ossenkoppele G, Swords R, Platanias LC, Giles FJ. Targeted therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:399-413. [PMID: 25623136 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the genetic underpinnings of acute myeloid leukemia are rapidly being translated into novel treatment strategies. Genomic profiling has highlighted the importance of the epigenetic machinery for leukemogenesis by identifying recurrent somatic mutations involving chromatin-modifier proteins. These genetic alterations function as dynamic regulators of gene expression and involve DNA-methyltransferase 3A, methyltransferase DOT1L, enhancer of zeste homologue 2, isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 and bromodomain-containing proteins. New therapeutic targets are also emerging from further delineation of cell signaling networks in acute myeloid leukemia blasts mediated by PIM kinases, polo-like kinase 1, cell surface protein CD98 and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling receptors, among others. Early results of targeted therapies directed at these molecular mechanisms are discussed in this review and their potential to improve the outcomes of patients by allowing the use of more effective and less toxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito A Carneiro
- Northwestern Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N Michigan Ave. Suite 1006, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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59
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Cifaldi L, Romania P, Falco M, Lorenzi S, Meazza R, Petrini S, Andreani M, Pende D, Locatelli F, Fruci D. ERAP1 regulates natural killer cell function by controlling the engagement of inhibitory receptors. Cancer Res 2015; 75:824-34. [PMID: 25592150 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase ERAP1 regulates innate and adaptive immune responses by trimming peptides for presentation by MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules. Herein, we demonstrate that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ERAP1 on human tumor cell lines perturbs their ability to engage several classes of inhibitory receptors by their specific ligands, including killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) by classical MHC-I-peptide (pMHC-I) complexes and the lectin-like receptor CD94-NKG2A by nonclassical pMHC-I complexes, in each case leading to natural killer (NK) cell killing. The protective effect of pMHC-I complexes could be restored in ERAP1-deficient settings by the addition of known high-affinity peptides, suggesting that ERAP1 was needed to positively modify the affinity of natural ligands. Notably, ERAP1 inhibition enhanced the ability of NK cells to kill freshly established human lymphoblastoid cell lines from autologous or allogeneic sources, thereby promoting NK cytotoxic activity against target cells that would not be expected because of KIR-KIR ligand matching. Overall, our results identify ERAP1 as a modifier to leverage immune functions that may improve the efficacy of NK cell-based approaches for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Cifaldi
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Romania
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Lorenzi
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Petrini
- Research Laboratories, Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Andreani
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, IME Foundation, Polyclinic of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Locatelli
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy. University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
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Goto Y, Ogawa K, Nakamura TJ, Hattori A, Tsujimoto M. Substrate-dependent nitric oxide synthesis by secreted endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 in macrophages. J Biochem 2015; 157:439-49. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Keildson S, Fadista J, Ladenvall C, Hedman ÅK, Elgzyri T, Small KS, Grundberg E, Nica AC, Glass D, Richards JB, Barrett A, Nisbet J, Zheng HF, Rönn T, Ström K, Eriksson KF, Prokopenko I, Spector TD, Dermitzakis ET, Deloukas P, McCarthy MI, Rung J, Groop L, Franks PW, Lindgren CM, Hansson O. Expression of phosphofructokinase in skeletal muscle is influenced by genetic variation and associated with insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2014; 63:1154-65. [PMID: 24306210 PMCID: PMC3931395 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using an integrative approach in which genetic variation, gene expression, and clinical phenotypes are assessed in relevant tissues may help functionally characterize the contribution of genetics to disease susceptibility. We sought to identify genetic variation influencing skeletal muscle gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci [eQTLs]) as well as expression associated with measures of insulin sensitivity. We investigated associations of 3,799,401 genetic variants in expression of >7,000 genes from three cohorts (n = 104). We identified 287 genes with cis-acting eQTLs (false discovery rate [FDR] <5%; P < 1.96 × 10(-5)) and 49 expression-insulin sensitivity phenotype associations (i.e., fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, and BMI) (FDR <5%; P = 1.34 × 10(-4)). One of these associations, fasting insulin/phosphofructokinase (PFKM), overlaps with an eQTL. Furthermore, the expression of PFKM, a rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, was nominally associated with glucose uptake in skeletal muscle (P = 0.026; n = 42) and overexpressed (Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.03) in skeletal muscle of patients with T2D (n = 102) compared with normoglycemic controls (n = 87). The PFKM eQTL (rs4547172; P = 7.69 × 10(-6)) was nominally associated with glucose uptake, glucose oxidation rate, intramuscular triglyceride content, and metabolic flexibility (P = 0.016-0.048; n = 178). We explored eQTL results using published data from genome-wide association studies (DIAGRAM and MAGIC), and a proxy for the PFKM eQTL (rs11168327; r(2) = 0.75) was nominally associated with T2D (DIAGRAM P = 2.7 × 10(-3)). Taken together, our analysis highlights PFKM as a potential regulator of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keildson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Joao Fadista
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åsa K. Hedman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Targ Elgzyri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Alexandra C. Nica
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Glass
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amy Barrett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - James Nisbet
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tina Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Ström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Karl-Fredrik Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Johan Rung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Ola Hansson,
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Hitzerd SM, Verbrugge SE, Ossenkoppele G, Jansen G, Peters GJ. Positioning of aminopeptidase inhibitors in next generation cancer therapy. Amino Acids 2014; 46:793-808. [PMID: 24385243 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases represent a class of (zinc) metalloenzymes that catalyze the cleavage of amino acids nearby the N-terminus of polypeptides, resulting in hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Aminopeptidases operate downstream of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and are implicated in the final step of intracellular protein degradation either by trimming proteasome-generated peptides for antigen presentation or full hydrolysis into free amino acids for recycling in renewed protein synthesis. This review focuses on the function and subcellular location of five key aminopeptidases (aminopeptidase N, leucine aminopeptidase, puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, leukotriene A4 hydrolase and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1/2) and their association with different diseases, in particular cancer and their current position as target for therapeutic intervention by aminopeptidase inhibitors. Historically, bestatin was the first prototypical aminopeptidase inhibitor that entered the clinic 35 years ago and is still used for the treatment of lung cancer. More recently, new generation aminopeptidase inhibitors became available, including the aminopeptidase inhibitor prodrug tosedostat, which is currently tested in phase II clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia. Beyond bestatin and tosedostat, medicinal chemistry has emerged with additional series of potential aminopeptidases inhibitors which are still in an early phase of (pre)clinical investigations. The expanded knowledge of the unique mechanism of action of aminopeptidases has revived interest in aminopeptidase inhibitors for drug combination regimens in anti-cancer treatment. In this context, this review will discuss relevant features and mechanisms of action of aminopeptidases and will also elaborate on factors contributing to aminopeptidase inhibitor efficacy and/or loss of efficacy due to drug resistance-related phenomena. Together, a growing body of data point to aminopeptidase inhibitors as attractive tools for combination chemotherapy, hence their implementation may be a step forward in a new era of personalized treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina M Hitzerd
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Rm 1.42, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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63
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Ananthakrishnan AN, Oxford EC, Nguyen DD, Sauk J, Yajnik V, Xavier RJ. Genetic risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:522-30. [PMID: 23848254 PMCID: PMC3755009 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at higher risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Disruption of gut microbiome and interaction with the intestinal immune system are essential mechanisms for pathogenesis of both CDI and IBD. Whether genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to IBD are also associated with risk of CDI is unknown. AIMS To use a well-characterised and genotyped cohort of patients with UC to (i) identify clinical risk factors for CDI; (ii) examine if any of the IBD genetic risk loci were associated with CDI; and (iii) to compare the performance of predictive models using clinical and genetic risk factors in determining risk of CDI. METHODS We used a prospective registry of patients from a tertiary referral hospital. Medical record review was performed to identify all ulcerative colitis (UC) patients within the registry with a history of CDI. All patients were genotyped on the Immunochip. We examined the association between the 163 risk loci for IBD and risk of CDI using a dominant genetic model. Model performance was examined using receiver operating characteristics curves. RESULTS The study included 319 patients of whom 29 developed CDI (9%). Female gender and pancolitis were associated with increased risk, while use of anti-TNF was protective against CDI. Six genetic polymorphisms including those at TNFRSF14 [Odds ratio (OR) 6.0, P-value 0.01] were associated with increased risk while 2 loci were inversely associated. On multivariate analysis, none of the clinical parameters retained significance after adjusting for genetics. Presence of at least one high-risk locus was associated with an increase in risk for CDI (20% vs. 1%) (P = 6 × 10⁻⁹). Compared to 11% for a clinical model, the genetic loci explained 28% of the variance in CDI risk and had a greater AUROC. CONCLUSION Host genetics may influence susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection in patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Deanna D Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jenny Sauk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vijay Yajnik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, MGH, Boston, MA,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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Keidel S, Chen L, Pointon J, Wordsworth P. ERAP1 and ankylosing spondylitis. Curr Opin Immunol 2013; 25:97-102. [PMID: 23452840 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The strong genetic association of ERAP1 (endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1) with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which is restricted to HLA-B27 positive cases, has profound pathogenetic implications. ERAP1 is involved in trimming peptides to optimal length for binding to HLA class 1 molecules, thereby not only affecting the stability and processing of HLA-B27 but also influencing the peptide repertoire presented to the immune system. This could have secondary effects on specific adaptive or autoimmune responses in AS. However, it appears increasingly likely that the pathogenic effect of ERAP1 may be mediated through effects on innate immunity, such as altering the interaction between HLA-B27 and immune receptors such as the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) found on a range of innate immune cells or via the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. ERAP1 variants associated with reduced endopeptidase activity appear to be protective against AS, raising the possibility that ERAP1 inhibition could represent a future treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keidel
- University of Oxford Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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65
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Aldhamen YA, Seregin SS, Rastall DPW, Aylsworth CF, Pepelyayeva Y, Busuito CJ, Godbehere-Roosa S, Kim S, Amalfitano A. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 functions regulate key aspects of the innate immune response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69539. [PMID: 23894499 PMCID: PMC3722114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP1) is a multifunctional, ubiquitously expressed enzyme whose peptide-trimming role during antigen processing for presentation by MHC I molecules is well established, however, a role for ERAP1 in modulating global innate immune responses has not been described to date. Here we demonstrate that, relative to wild type mice, mice lacking ERAP1 exhibit exaggerated innate immune responses early during pathogen recognition, as characterized by increased activation of splenic and hepatic NK and NKT cells and enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL12 and MCP1. Our data also revealed that ERAP1 is playing a critical role in NK cell development and function. We observed higher frequencies of terminally matured NK cells, as well as higher frequencies of licensed NK cells (expressing the Ly49C and Ly49I receptors) in ERAP1-KO mice, results that positively correlated with an enhanced NK activation and IFNγ production by ERAP1-KO mice challenged with pro-inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, during pathogen recognition, ERAP1 regulates IL12 production by CD11c(+) DCs specifically, with increases in IL12 production positively correlated with an increased phagocytic activity of splenic DCs and macrophages. Collectively, our results demonstrate a previously unrecognized, more central role for the ERAP1 protein in modulating several aspects of both the development of the innate immune system, and its responses during the initial stages of pathogen recognition. Such a role may explain why ERAP1 has been implicated by GWAS in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases that may be precipitated by aberrant responses to pathogen encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A. Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sergey S. Seregin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David P. W. Rastall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Charles F. Aylsworth
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yuliya Pepelyayeva
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Busuito
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sarah Godbehere-Roosa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cherciu M, Popa LO, Bojinca M, Dutescu MI, Bojinca V, Bara C, Popa OM. Functional variants ofERAP1gene are associated with HLA-B27 positive spondyloarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 82:192-6. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cherciu
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine; University “Carol Davila”; Bucharest; Romania
| | - L. O. Popa
- Molecular Biology Department; Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History; Bucharest; Romania
| | - M. Bojinca
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine; University “Carol Davila”, “I.C. Cantacuzino” Hospital; Bucharest; Romania
| | - M. I. Dutescu
- “Prof. Dr. C. T. Nicolau” National Institute of Blood Transfusion; Bucharest; Romania
| | - V. Bojinca
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine; University “Carol Davila”, “St. Maria” Hospital; Bucharest; Romania
| | - C. Bara
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine; University “Carol Davila”; Bucharest; Romania
| | - O. M. Popa
- Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine; University “Carol Davila”; Bucharest; Romania
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