51
|
Tang TT, Konradi AW, Feng Y, Peng X, Ma M, Li J, Yu FX, Guan KL, Post L. Small Molecule Inhibitors of TEAD Auto-palmitoylation Selectively Inhibit Proliferation and Tumor Growth of NF2-deficient Mesothelioma. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:986-998. [PMID: 33850002 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene that limit or abrogate expression of functional Merlin are common in malignant mesothelioma. Merlin activates the Hippo pathway to suppress nuclear translocation of YAP and TAZ, the major effectors of the pathway that associate with the TEAD transcription factors in the nucleus and promote expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and survival. In this article, we describe the discovery of compounds that selectively inhibit YAP/TAZ-TEAD promoted gene transcription, block TEAD auto-palmitoylation, and disrupt interaction between YAP/TAZ and TEAD. Optimization led to potent analogs with excellent oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics that selectively inhibit NF2-deficient mesothelioma cell proliferation in vitro and growth of subcutaneous tumor xenografts in vivo These highly potent and selective TEAD inhibitors provide a way to target the Hippo-YAP pathway, which thus far has been undruggable and is dysregulated frequently in malignant mesothelioma and in other YAP-driven cancers and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy T Tang
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California.
| | | | - Ying Feng
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
| | - Xiao Peng
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
| | - Mingyue Ma
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Leonard Post
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
NF2 and Canonical Hippo-YAP Pathway Define Distinct Tumor Subsets Characterized by Different Immune Deficiency and Treatment Implications in Human Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071561. [PMID: 33805359 PMCID: PMC8036327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is a long-held notion that loss-of-function mutations in negative regulators of the Hippo-YAP pathway, such as NF2, LATS1/2, have a similar potential to promote nuclear YAP activity, which is thought to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of MPM. Whether loss-of-function in these individual regulators uniformly affects the Hippo-YAP activity and contributes to a similar disease phenotype has not yet been revealed in MPM. Surprisingly and interestingly, we found in this study that loss-of-function in the upstream regulator NF2 of the Hippo pathway is linked to the aberrant activation of Hippo-YAP-independent signaling. More importantly, our work showed NF2 loss-of-function and dysregulated Hippo-YAP pathway define distinct MPM subsets that differ in molecular features, therapeutic implications, patients’ prognosis, and in particular, infiltrative immune signatures. Our findings in this study may be instrumental for the precise management of immunotherapy and/or targeted therapy for MPM patients. Abstract (1) Inactivation of the tumor suppressor NF2 is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) by deregulating the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. However, NF2 has functions beyond regulation of the Hippo pathway, raising the possibility that NF2 contributes to MPM via Hippo-independent mechanisms. (2) We performed weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) in transcriptomic and proteomic datasets obtained from The Cancer Gene Atlas (TCGA) MPM cohort to identify clusters of co-expressed genes highly correlated with NF2 and phospho (p)-YAP protein, surrogate markers of active Hippo signaling and YAP inactivation. The potential targets are experimentally validated using a cell viability assay. (3) MPM tumors with NF2 loss-of-function are not associated with changes in p-YAP level nor YAP/TAZ activity score, but are characterized by a deficient B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. Conversely, MPM tumors with YAP activation display exhausted CD8 T-cell-mediated immunity together with significantly upregulated PD-L1, which is validated in an independent MPM cohort, suggesting a potential benefit of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in this patient subset. In support of this, mutations in core Hippo signaling components including LATS2, but not NF2, are independently associated with better overall survival in response to ICI in patients. Additionally, based on cancer cell line models, we show that MPM cells with a high Hippo-YAP activity are particularly sensitive to inhibitors of BCR-ABL/SRC, stratifying a unique MPM patient subset that may benefit from BCR-ABL/SRC therapies. Furthermore, we observe that NF2 physically interacts with a considerable number of proteins that are not involved in the canonical Hippo-YAP pathway, providing a possible explanation for its Hippo-independent role in MPM. Finally, survival analyses show that YAP/TAZ scores together with p-YAP protein level, but not NF2, predict the prognosis of MPM patients. (4) NF2 loss-of-function and dysregulated Hippo-YAP pathway define distinct MPM subsets that differ in their molecular features and prognosis, which has important clinical implications for precision oncology in MPM patients.
Collapse
|
53
|
Sato T, Mukai S, Ikeda H, Mishiro-Sato E, Akao K, Kobayashi T, Hino O, Shimono W, Shibagaki Y, Hattori S, Sekido Y. Silencing of SmgGDS, a Novel mTORC1 Inducer That Binds to RHEBs, Inhibits Malignant Mesothelioma Cell Proliferation. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:921-931. [PMID: 33574130 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor that typically develops after a long latency following asbestos exposure. Although mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation enhances MM cell growth, the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus has shown limited efficacy in clinical trials of MM patients. We explored the mechanism underlying mTORC1 activation in MM cells and its effects on cell proliferation and progression. Analysis of the expression profiles of 87 MMs from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that 40 samples (46%) displayed altered expression of RPTOR (mTORC1 component) and genes immediately upstream that activate mTORC1. Among them, we focused on RHEB and RHEBL1, which encode direct activators of mTORC1. Exogenous RHEBL1 expression enhanced MM cell growth, indicating that RHEB-mTORC1 signaling acts as a pro-oncogenic cascade. We investigated molecules that directly activate RHEBs, identifying SmgGDS as a novel RHEB-binding protein. SmgGDS knockdown reduced mTORC1 activation and inhibited the proliferation of MM cells with mTORC1 activation. Interestingly, SmgGDS displayed high binding affinity with inactive GDP-bound RHEBL1, and its knockdown reduced cytosolic RHEBL1 without affecting its activation. These findings suggest that SmgGDS retains GDP-bound RHEBs in the cytosol, whereas GTP-bound RHEBs are localized on intracellular membranes to promote mTORC1 activation. We revealed a novel role for SmgGDS in the RHEB-mTORC1 pathway and its potential as a therapeutic target in MM with aberrant mTORC1 activation. IMPLICATIONS: Our data showing that SmgGDS regulates RHEB localization to activate mTORC1 indicate that SmgGDS can be used as a new therapeutic target for MM exhibiting mTORC1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Sato
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satomi Mukai
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruna Ikeda
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Emi Mishiro-Sato
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken Akao
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimono
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Shibagaki
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seisuke Hattori
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Mota M, Metge BJ, Hinshaw DC, Alsheikh HA, Chen D, Samant RS, Shevde LA. Merlin deficiency alters the redox management program in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:942-956. [PMID: 33410252 PMCID: PMC8024723 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Merlin tumor suppressor protein encoded by Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene is remarkably decreased in metastatic breast cancer tissues. In order to recapitulate clinical evidence, we generated a unique, conditional Nf2‐knockout (Nf2−/−) mouse mammary tumor model. Merlin‐deficient breast tumor cells and Nf2−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) displayed a robustly invasive phenotype. Moreover, Nf2−/− MEFs presented with notable alterations in redox management networks, implicating a role for Merlin in redox homeostasis. This programmatic alteration resonated with pathways that emerged from breast tumor cells engineered for Merlin deficiency. Further investigations revealed that NF2‐silenced cells supported reduced activity of the Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 antioxidant transcription factor, concomitant with elevated expression of NADPH oxidase enzymes. Importantly, mammary‐specific Nf2−/− in an Mouse mammary tumor virus Neu + murine breast cancer model demonstrated accelerated mammary carcinogenesis in vivo. Tumor‐derived primary organoids and cell lines were characteristically invasive with evidence of a dysregulated cellular redox management system. As such, Merlin deficiency programmatically influences redox imbalance that orchestrates malignant attributes of mammary/breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Mota
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon J Metge
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Heba A Alsheikh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Cakiroglu E, Senturk S. Genomics and Functional Genomics of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176342. [PMID: 32882916 PMCID: PMC7504302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive cancer of the mesothelial cells lining the pleural surface of the chest wall and lung. The etiology of MPM is strongly associated with prior exposure to asbestos fibers, and the median survival rate of the diagnosed patients is approximately one year. Despite the latest advancements in surgical techniques and systemic therapies, currently available treatment modalities of MPM fail to provide long-term survival. The increasing incidence of MPM highlights the need for finding effective treatments. Targeted therapies offer personalized treatments in many cancers. However, targeted therapy in MPM is not recommended by clinical guidelines mainly because of poor target definition. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms and the predictors of poor clinical outcomes of MPM is required to identify novel targets and develop precise and effective treatments. Recent advances in the genomics and functional genomics fields have provided groundbreaking insights into the genomic and molecular profiles of MPM and enabled the functional characterization of the genetic alterations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant literature and highlights the potential of state-of-the-art genomics and functional genomics research to facilitate the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutic modalities in MPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Cakiroglu
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Serif Senturk
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Indovina P, Forte IM, Pentimalli F, Giordano A. Targeting SRC Family Kinases in Mesothelioma: Time to Upgrade. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071866. [PMID: 32664483 PMCID: PMC7408838 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a deadly tumor mainly caused by exposure to asbestos. Unfortunately, no current treatment is able to change significantly the natural history of the disease, which has a poor prognosis in the majority of patients. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC and other SRC family kinase (SFK) members are frequently hyperactivated in many cancer types, including MM. Several works have indeed suggested that SFKs underlie MM cell proliferation, survival, motility, and invasion, overall affecting multiple oncogenic pathways. Consistently, SFK inhibitors effectively counteracted MM cancerous features at the preclinical level. Dasatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor targeting SFKs, was also assessed in clinical trials either as second-line treatment for patients with unresectable MM or, more recently, as a neoadjuvant agent in patients with resectable MM. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms implicating SFKs in MM progression and discuss possible strategies for a more successful clinical application of SFK inhibitors. Our aim is to stimulate discussion and further consideration of these agents in better designed preclinical and clinical studies to make the most of another class of powerful antitumoral drugs, which too often are lost in translation when applied to MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Indovina
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (F.P.)
| | - Iris Maria Forte
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (F.P.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ma J, Klemm J, Gerardo-Ramírez M, Frappart L, Castven D, Becker D, Zoch A, Parent R, Bartosch B, Minnich K, Giovannini M, Danckwardt S, Hartmann N, Morrison H, Herrlich P, Marquardt JU, Hartmann M. Cluster of differentiation 44 promotes osteosarcoma progression in mice lacking the tumor suppressor Merlin. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2564-2577. [PMID: 32525563 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Merlin is a versatile tumor suppressor protein encoded by the NF2 gene. Several lines of evidence suggest that Merlin exerts its tumor suppressor activity, at least in part, by forming an inhibitory complex with cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). Consistently, numerous NF2 mutations in cancer patients are predicted to perturb the interaction of Merlin with CD44. We hypothesized that disruption of the Merlin-CD44 complex through loss of Merlin, unleashes putative tumor- or metastasis-promoting functions of CD44. To evaluate the relevance of the Merlin-CD44 interaction in vivo, we compared tumor growth and progression in Cd44-positive and Cd44-negative Nf2-mutant mice. Heterozygous Nf2-mutant mice were prone to developing highly metastatic osteosarcomas. Importantly, while the absence of the Cd44 gene had no effect on the frequency of primary osteosarcoma development, it strongly diminished osteosarcoma metastasis formation in the Nf2-mutant mice. In vitro assays identified transendothelial migration as the most prominent cellular phenotype dependent on CD44. Adhesion to endothelial cells was blocked by interfering with integrin α4β1 (very late antigen-4, VLA-4) on osteosarcoma cells and CD44 upregulated levels of integrin VLA-4 β1 subunit. Among other putative functions of CD44, which may contribute to the metastatic behavior, the passage through the endothelial cells also appears to be critical in vivo, as CD44 significantly promoted formation of lung metastasis upon intravenous injection of osteosarcoma cells into immunocompromised mice. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that CD44 plays a metastasis-promoting role in the absence of Merlin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ma
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Janina Klemm
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monserrat Gerardo-Ramírez
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucien Frappart
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Darko Castven
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Becker
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ansgar Zoch
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Romain Parent
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS UMR5286, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS UMR5286, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kerstin Minnich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sven Danckwardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Herrlich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Hartmann
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Hamid AB, Petreaca RC. Secondary Resistant Mutations to Small Molecule Inhibitors in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040927. [PMID: 32283832 PMCID: PMC7226513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary resistant mutations in cancer cells arise in response to certain small molecule inhibitors. These mutations inevitably cause recurrence and often progression to a more aggressive form. Resistant mutations may manifest in various forms. For example, some mutations decrease or abrogate the affinity of the drug for the protein. Others restore the function of the enzyme even in the presence of the inhibitor. In some cases, resistance is acquired through activation of a parallel pathway which bypasses the function of the drug targeted pathway. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) produced a compendium of resistant mutations to small molecule inhibitors reported in the literature. Here, we build on these data and provide a comprehensive review of resistant mutations in cancers. We also discuss mechanistic parallels of resistance.
Collapse
|
59
|
Yao L, Alahmari M, Temel Y, Hovinga K. Therapy of Sporadic and NF2-Related Vestibular Schwannoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040835. [PMID: 32244314 PMCID: PMC7226024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign primary brain tumor that occurs sporadic or as part of a genetic syndrome. The most common cause is the mutation of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene that is involved in the production of the protein merlin. Merlin plays a role in cell growth and cell adhesion. In patients with NF2, the VSs arise bilaterally and coincide with other brain tumors. In sporadic VS, the tumor is typically unilateral and does not coincide in combination with other tumors. MRI is the standard imaging technique and can be used to assess the size and aspect of the tumor as well as the progression of disease. The preferred management of large VS in both VS types is surgery with or without adjuvant radiation. The management for the medium- or small-sized VS includes wait and scan, radiotherapy and/or surgery. This choice depends on the preference of the patient and institutional protocols. The outcomes of surgical and radiotherapy treatments are improving due to progress in surgical equipment/approaches, advances in radiation delivery techniques and dose optimizations protocols. The main purpose of the management of VS is preserving function as long as possible in combination with tumor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longping Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.Y.); (M.A.); (Y.T.)
| | - Mohammed Alahmari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.Y.); (M.A.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Radiology, King Fahad Hospital of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 40046, 31952 AL-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.Y.); (M.A.); (Y.T.)
| | - Koos Hovinga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.Y.); (M.A.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-43-387-50-01
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Quetel L, Meiller C, Assié JB, Blum Y, Imbeaud S, Montagne F, Tranchant R, de Wolf J, Caruso S, Copin MC, Hofman V, Gibault L, Badoual C, Pintilie E, Hofman P, Monnet I, Scherpereel A, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Zucman-Rossi J, Jaurand MC, Jean D. Genetic alterations of malignant pleural mesothelioma: association with tumor heterogeneity and overall survival. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1207-1223. [PMID: 32083805 PMCID: PMC7266286 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of precision medicine for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) requires a deep knowledge of tumor heterogeneity. Histologic and molecular classifications and histo‐molecular gradients have been proposed to describe heterogeneity, but a deeper understanding of gene mutations in the context of MPM heterogeneity is required and the associations between mutations and clinical data need to be refined. We characterized genetic alterations on one of the largest MPM series (266 tumor samples), well annotated with histologic, molecular and clinical data of patients. Targeted next‐generation sequencing was performed focusing on the major MPM mutated genes and the TERT promoter. Molecular heterogeneity was characterized using predictors allowing classification of each tumor into the previously described molecular subtypes and the determination of the proportion of epithelioid‐like and sarcomatoid‐like components (E/S.scores). The mutation frequencies are consistent with literature data, but this study emphasized that TERT promoter, not considered by previous large sequencing studies, was the third locus most affected by mutations in MPM. Mutations in TERT promoter, NF2, and LATS2 were more frequent in nonepithelioid MPM and positively associated with the S.score. BAP1, NF2, TERT promoter, TP53, and SETD2 mutations were enriched in some molecular subtypes. NF2 mutation rate was higher in asbestos unexposed patient. TERT promoter, NF2, and TP53 mutations were associated with a poorer overall survival. Our findings lead to a better characterization of MPM heterogeneity by identifying new significant associations between mutational status and histologic and molecular heterogeneity. Strikingly, we highlight the strong association between new mutations and overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Quetel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Clément Meiller
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Assié
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Yuna Blum
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - François Montagne
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Robin Tranchant
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Julien de Wolf
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Marie-Christine Copin
- Institut de Pathologie, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, CHRU de Lille, France.,Université de Lille, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale (LPCE) et Biobanque (BB-0033-00025), CHRU de Nice, France.,FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Laure Gibault
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomopathologie et Cytologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomopathologie et Cytologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Ecaterina Pintilie
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Calmette - CHRU de Lille, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale (LPCE) et Biobanque (BB-0033-00025), CHRU de Nice, France.,FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Monnet
- Service de Pneumologie et Pathologie Professionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France
| | - Arnaud Scherpereel
- Université de Lille, France.,Service de Pneumologie et d'Oncologie Thoracique, Hôpital Calmette - CHRU de Lille, France.,Réseau National Expert pour le Mésothéliome Pleural Malin (MESOCLIN), Lille, France
| | - Françoise Le Pimpec-Barthes
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Didier Jean
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Abstract
Mesothelioma has long been associated with the exposure to asbestos, which was largely used in manufacturing activities. Toxicology studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that asbestos fibers were carcinogenic, and epidemiology studies revealed that asbestos exposure was paralleled by the increase in the incidence of mesothelioma and related mortality rates. More recently, the role of chronic inflammation and the molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis by mineral fibers were elucidated following the discovery of the roles of HMGB1 and inflammasome. A change of paradigm was the discovery of a prevalence of mesotheliomas attributable to inherited mutations of cancer susceptibility genes. The discovery of BAP1 as a predisposition gene for the development of familial mesothelioma and other cancers implemented genome studies in patients with mesothelioma and routine clinical surveys in individuals at risk to identify germline mutations associated with cancers included in the BAP1 syndrome. A further progress in the approach to asbestos-related malignancy was the adoption of combined genetics and environmental analyses according to the model of gene-environment (GxE) interactions. This review aims at updating on the most recently discovered mechanisms of tumorigenesis and the pivotal role of GxE interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaming Xue
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Nicolini F, Bocchini M, Bronte G, Delmonte A, Guidoboni M, Crinò L, Mazza M. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: State-of-the-Art on Current Therapies and Promises for the Future. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1519. [PMID: 32039010 PMCID: PMC6992646 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive cancer of the pleural surface associated with asbestos exposure. The median survival of MPM patients is a mere 8-14 months, and there are few biomarkers and no cure available. It is hoped that, eventually, the incidence of MPM will drop and remain low and constant, given that most nations have banned the use of asbestos, but in the meantime, the incidence in Europe is still growing. The exact molecular mechanisms that explain the carcinogenicity of asbestos are not known. Standard therapeutic strategies for MPM include surgery, often coupled with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, in a small percentage of eligible patients and chemotherapy in tumors considered unresectable with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. In recent years, several new therapeutic avenues are being explored. These include angiogenesis inhibitors, synthetic lethal treatment, miRNA replacement, oncoviral therapies, and the fast-growing field of immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Of particular promise are the multiple options offered by immunotherapy: immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and therapies taking advantage of tumor-specific antigens, such as specific therapeutic antibodies or advanced cell-based therapies exemplified by the CAR-T cells. This review comprehensively presents both old and new therapeutic options in MPM, focusing on the results of the numerous recent and on-going clinical trials in the field, including the latest data presented at international meetings (AACR, ASCO, and ESMO) this year, and concludes that more work has to be done in the framework of tailored therapies to identify reliable targets and novel biomarkers to impact MPM management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Nicolini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Martine Bocchini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Angelo Delmonte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Massimo Guidoboni
- Immunotherapy and Cell Therapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Lee YS, Lee YS. Molecular characteristics of meningiomas. J Pathol Transl Med 2020; 54:45-63. [PMID: 31964111 PMCID: PMC6986967 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. The grading of meningioma is based on World Health Organization criteria, which rely on histopathological features alone. This grading system is unable to conclusively predict the clinical behavior of these tumors (i.e., recurrence or prognosis in benign or atypical grades). Advances in molecular techniques over the last decade that include genomic and epigenomic data associated with meningiomas have been used to identify genetic biomarkers that can predict tumor behavior. This review summarizes the molecular characteristics of meningioma using genetic and epigenetic biomarkers. Molecular alterations that can predict meningioma behavior may be integrated into the upcoming World Health Organization grading system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Suk Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Soo Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Dropwort-induced metabolic reprogramming restrains YAP/TAZ/TEAD oncogenic axis in mesothelioma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:349. [PMID: 31399037 PMCID: PMC6689183 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Over the past decade, newly designed cancer therapies have not significantly improved the survival of patients diagnosed with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). Among a limited number of genes that are frequently mutated in MPM several of them encode proteins that belong to the HIPPO tumor suppressor pathway. Methods The anticancer effects of the top flower standardized extract of Filipendula vulgaris (Dropwort) were characterized in “in vitro” and “in vivo” models of MPM. At the molecular level, two “omic” approaches were used to investigate Dropwort anticancer mechanism of action: a metabolomic profiling and a phosphoarray analysis. Results We found that Dropwort significantly reduced cell proliferation, viability, migration and in vivo tumor growth of MPM cell lines. Notably, Dropwort affected viability of tumor-initiating MPM cells and synergized with Cisplatin and Pemetrexed in vitro. Metabolomic profiling revealed that Dropwort treatment affected both glycolysis/tricarboxylic acid cycle as for the decreased consumption of glucose, pyruvate, succinate and acetate, and the lipid metabolism. We also document that Dropwort exerted its anticancer effects, at least partially, promoting YAP and TAZ protein ubiquitination. Conclusions Our findings reveal that Dropwort is a promising source of natural compound(s) for targeting the HIPPO pathway with chemo-preventive and anticancer implications for MPM management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1352-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
65
|
Kiratipaiboon C, Stueckle TA, Ghosh R, Rojanasakul LW, Chen YC, Dinu CZ, Rojanasakul Y. Acquisition of Cancer Stem Cell-like Properties in Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells after a Long-term Exposure to Carbon Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:2152-2170. [PMID: 31372228 PMCID: PMC6675031 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a key driver of tumor formation and metastasis, but how they are affected by nanomaterials is largely unknown. The present study investigated the effects of different carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) on neoplastic and CSC-like transformation of human small airway epithelial cells and determined the underlying mechanisms. Using a physiologically relevant exposure model (long-term/low-dose) with system validation using a human carcinogen, asbestos, we demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, ultrafine carbon black, and crocidolite asbestos induced particle-specific anchorage-independent colony formation, DNA-strand break, and p53 downregulation, indicating genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential of CNMs. The chronic CNM-exposed cells exhibited CSC-like properties as indicated by 3D spheroid formation, anoikis resistance, and CSC markers expression. Mechanistic studies revealed specific self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcription factors that are involved in the cellular transformation process. Pathway analysis of gene signaling networks supports the role of SOX2 and SNAI1 signaling in CNM-mediated transformation. These findings support the potential carcinogenicity of high aspect ratio CNMs and identified molecular targets and signaling pathways that may contribute to the disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayanin Kiratipaiboon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, United States
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Liying W Rojanasakul
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, United States
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, West Virginia, 26416, United States
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Felley-Bosco E. Special Issue on Mechanisms of Mesothelioma Heterogeneity: Highlights and Open Questions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113560. [PMID: 30424481 PMCID: PMC6274972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This editorial aims to synthesize the eleven papers that have contributed to this special issue, where the mechanisms of mesothelioma heterogeneity have been tackled from different angles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|