51
|
Porembskaya O, Toropova Y, Tomson V, Lobastov K, Laberko L, Kravchuk V, Saiganov S, Brill A. Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis: A Diagnosis That Strives for Its Independence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145086. [PMID: 32708482 PMCID: PMC7404175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a widespread theory, thrombotic masses are not formed in the pulmonary artery (PA) but result from migration of blood clots from the venous system. This concept has prevailed in clinical practice for more than a century. However, a new technologic era has brought forth more diagnostic possibilities, and it has been shown that thrombotic masses in the PA could, in many cases, be found without any obvious source of emboli. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, sickle cell anemia, emergency and elective surgery, viral pneumonia, and other conditions could be complicated by PA thrombosis development without concomitant deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Different pathologies have different causes for local PA thrombotic process. As evidenced by experimental results and clinical observations, endothelial and platelet activation are the crucial mechanisms of this process. Endothelial dysfunction can impair antithrombotic function of the arterial wall through downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or via stimulation of adhesion receptor expression. Hypoxia, proinflammatory cytokines, or genetic mutations may underlie the procoagulant phenotype of the PA endothelium. Both endotheliocytes and platelets could be activated by protease mediated receptor (PAR)- and receptors for advanced glycation end (RAGE)-dependent mechanisms. Hypoxia, in particular induced by high altitudes, could play a role in thrombotic complications as a trigger of platelet activity. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms of PA thrombosis in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Porembskaya
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia; (V.K.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +7-92-1310-6629 (O.P.); Tel.: +44-12-1415-8679 (A.B.)
| | - Yana Toropova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia;
| | | | - Kirill Lobastov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; (K.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Leonid Laberko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; (K.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Viacheslav Kravchuk
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia; (V.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Saiganov
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia; (V.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +7-92-1310-6629 (O.P.); Tel.: +44-12-1415-8679 (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Song Z, Hudik E, Le Bars R, Roux B, Dang PMC, El Benna J, Nüsse O, Dupré-Crochet S. Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases control sustained NADPH oxidase activation in adherent neutrophils. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114088. [PMID: 32531347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytes, especially neutrophils, can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), through the activation of the NADPH oxidase (NOX2). Although this enzyme is crucial for host-pathogen defense, ROS production by neutrophils can be harmful in several pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases or chronic pulmonary diseases. The ROS production by NOX2 involves the assembly of the cytosolic subunits (p67phox, p47phox, and p40phox) and Rac with the membrane subunits (gp91phox and p22phox). Many studies are devoted to the activation of NOX2. However, the mechanisms that cause NADPH oxidase deactivation and thus terminate ROS production are not well known. Here we investigated the ability of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) to sustain NADPH oxidase activation. The NADPH oxidase activation was triggered by seeding neutrophil-like PLB-985 cells, or human neutrophils on immobilized fibrinogen. Adhesion of the neutrophils, mediated by β2 integrins, induced activation of the NADPH oxidase and translocation of the cytosolic subunits at the plasma membrane. Inhibition of class I PI3Ks, and especially PI3Kβ, terminated ROS production. This deactivation of NOX2 is due to the release of the cytosolic subunits, p67phox and p47phox from the plasma membrane. Overexpression of an active form of Rac 1 did not prevent the drop of ROS production upon inhibition of class I PI3Ks. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p47phox at S328, a potential target of kinases activated by the PI3K pathway, was unchanged. Our results indicate that the experimental downregulation of class I PI3K products triggers the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase deactivation. Release of p47phox from the plasma membrane may involve its PX domains that bind PI3K products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Song
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Elodie Hudik
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Romain Le Bars
- Light microscopy core facility, Imagerie-Gif, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Blandine Roux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Inserm, UMR 1149, CNRS, ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Jamel El Benna
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Inserm, UMR 1149, CNRS, ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Oliver Nüsse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhang H, Goswami J, Varley P, van der Windt DJ, Ren J, Loughran P, Yazdani H, Neal MD, Simmons RL, Zhang J, Tsung A, Huang H. Hepatic Surgical Stress Promotes Systemic Immunothrombosis That Results in Distant Organ Injury. Front Immunol 2020; 11:987. [PMID: 32528475 PMCID: PMC7256968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity can initiate platelet activation during the development of thrombosis through a process, termed immunothrombosis. Neutrophils form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that have been shown to interact directly with platelets and play pro-coagulant roles in a variety of infectious and sterile inflammatory settings. Hepatic surgical stress initiated by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has wide systemic consequences on distant organs. However, the mechanisms of this remote injury phenomenon are not well-understood. Here, we sought to determine the role of NETs in causing systemic immunothrombosis and distant organ injury following a local inflammatory insult with liver I/R. Postoperative thromboelastographic revealed that the speed of clot formation (alpha-angle) was significantly increased whereas time to clot formation (R-time) were decreased by in patients undergoing liver resection, indicating a hypercoagulable state after surgery. In mice subjected to liver I/R, circulating platelet activation and platelet-neutrophil aggregates were significantly increased. Injured distant organs such as the lung and kidney displayed NETs and platelet-rich micro-thrombi in the microvasculature following liver I/R. The immune-thrombi and organ damage were dramatically decreased when NETs were inhibited by DNase treatment. Depletion of Tlr4 on platelets limited NET-induced activation of platelets but had no effect on NET formation. Furthermore, platelet-specific TLR4 KO mice had significantly reduced distant organ injury with decreased circulating platelet activation, platelet-neutrophil aggregates following liver I/R in comparison to their control counterparts. These data establish that after an acute local inflammatory process, NET-activated platelets can lead to a systemic pro-coagulant state with resultant remote organ injury by immunothrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Julie Goswami
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patrick Varley
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dirk J van der Windt
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hamza Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew D Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richard L Simmons
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|