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Tagliavia M, Salamone M, Bennici C, Quatrini P, Cuttitta A. A modified culture medium for improved isolation of marine vibrios. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00835. [PMID: 31318499 PMCID: PMC6741135 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Vibrio members are of great interest for both ecological and biotechnological research, which often relies on their isolation. Whereas many efforts have been made for the detection of food‐borne pathogenic species, much less is known about the performances of standard culture media toward environmental vibrios. We show that the isolation/enumeration of marine vibrios using thiosulfate‐citrate‐bile salts‐sucrose agar (TCBS) as selective medium may be hampered by the variable adaptability of different taxa to the medium, which may result even in isolation failure and/or in substantial total count underestimation. We propose a modified TCBS as isolation medium, adjusted for marine vibrios requirements, which greatly improved their recovery in dilution plate counts, compared with the standard medium. The modified medium offers substantial advantages over TCBS, providing more accurate and likely estimations of the actual presence of vibrios. Modified TCBS allowed the recovery of otherwise undetected vibrios, some of which producing biotechnologically valuable enzymes, thus expanding the isolation power toward potentially new enzyme‐producers Vibrio taxa. Moreover, we report a newly designed Vibrio‐specific PCR primers pair, targeting a unique rpoD sequence, useful for rapid confirmation of isolates as Vibrio members and subsequent genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Tagliavia
- IAS-CNR, Campobello di Mazara, Italy.,Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Quatrini
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Wierzbicka-Woś A, Henneberger R, Batista-García RA, Martínez-Ávila L, Jackson SA, Kennedy J, Dobson ADW. Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Monospecific Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Belonging to GH Family 5 From a Rhizosphere Metagenomic Library. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1342. [PMID: 31258522 PMCID: PMC6587912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulases have a broad range of different industrial applications, ranging from food and beverages to pulp and paper and the biofuels area. Here a metagenomics based strategy was used to identify the cellulolytic enzyme CelRH5 from the rhizosphere. CelRH5 is a novel monospecific endo-β-1,4-glucanase belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GH5). Structural based modeling analysis indicated that CelRH5 is related to endo-β-1,4-glucanases derived from thermophilic microorganisms such as Thermotoga maritima, Fervidobacterium nodosum, and Ruminiclostridium thermocellum sharing 30-40% amino acid sequence identity. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined as 40.5 kDa. Biochemical analyses revealed that the enzyme displayed good activity with soluble forms of cellulose as a substrate such as ostazin brilliant red hydroxyethyl cellulose (OBR-HEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and insoluble azurine cross-linked hydroxyethylcellulose (AZCL-HEC). The enzyme shows highest enzymatic activity at pH 6.5 with high pH tolerance, remaining stable in the pH range 4.5–8.5. Highest activity was observed at 40°C, but CelRH5 is psychrotolerant being active and stable at temperatures below 30°C. The presence of the final products of cellulose hydrolysis (glucose and cellobiose) or metal ions such as Na+, K+, Li+, and Mg2+, as well as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), urea, dithiothreitol (DTT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) or glycerol, did not have a marked effect on CelRH5 activity. However, the enzyme is quite sensitive to the presence of 10 mM ions Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe3+ and reagents such as 1 M guanidine HCl, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 20% ethanol. Given that it is psychrotolerant and retains activity in the presence of final cellulose degradation products, metal ions and various reagents, which are common in many technological processes; CelRH5 may be potential suitability for a variety of different biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wierzbicka-Woś
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ruth Henneberger
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Martínez-Ávila
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Stephen A Jackson
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Alan D W Dobson
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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53
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Effect of proteases secreted from a marine isolated bacterium Bacillus vietnamensis on the corrosion behaviour of different alloys. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 126:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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54
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Hebbale D, Bhargavi R, Ramachandra T. Saccharification of macroalgal polysaccharides through prioritized cellulase producing bacteria. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01372. [PMID: 30957049 PMCID: PMC6431756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgal cell wall is predominantly comprised of cellulose (polysaccharide) with the complex chain of glycosidic linkages. Bioethanol production from macroalgae entails breaking this complex chain into simple glucose molecule, which has been the major challenge faced by the industries. Cellulases have been preferred for hydrolysis of cellulose due to the absence of inhibitors affecting the subsequent fermentation process. Cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated from wide-ranging sources from marine habitats to herbivore residues and gastrointestinal region. The investigation reveals that Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria has higher hydrolytic capacity with salt tolerance up to 14% and 3.5% salinity is optimum for growth. Higher hydrolytic activity of 2.45 was recorded on carboxymethyl cellulose medium at 48 h and hydrolytic activity of 2.46 on Ulva intestinalis hydrolysate, 3.06 on Ulva lactuca hydrolysate at 72 h of incubation. Total activity of enzyme of 2.11 U/ml and specific activity of 6.05 U/mg were recorded at 24 h. Enzyme hydrolysis of macroalgal biomass; U. intestinalis and U. lactuca produced 135.9 mg/g and 107.6 mg/g of reducing sugar respectively. The study reveals that the enzyme extracted from salt tolerant Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria is suitable for optimal saccharification of seaweed polysaccharides towards biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Hebbale
- Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - R. Bhargavi
- Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - T.V. Ramachandra
- Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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55
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Guo Z, Li W, Wang Y, Hou Q, Zhao H, Sun Z, Zhang Z. Vibrio zhugei sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from pickling sauce. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1313-1319. [PMID: 30801241 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain HBUAS61001T was isolated from the pickling sauce used to make a traditional fermented food product, datoucai, in China. The strain belonged to the genus Vibrio, but was placed in a clade separate from any known Vibrio species based on the 16S rRNA gene and MLSA results. The genome consisted of two chromosomes: chromosome I was 2 901 449 bp long with a G+C content of 45.4 mol%; and chromosome II was 1 107 930 bp long with a G+C content of 45.5 mol%. The most abundant fatty acids were C16 : 0 (28.1 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 29.4 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c, 10.1 %). The isoprenoid quinones detected were Q7 and Q8. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Strain HBUAS61001T could grow in the presence of up to 17 % NaCl. The calculated average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (GGDC) values of the strain against the closest related type strains were all lower than 95 and 70 %, respectively. Putative genes in the genome associated with survival under high salinity stress were identified. Based on whole genome sequence analysis and phenotypic characteristics, strain HBUAS61001T is a new species in the genus Vibrio, and the name Vibrio zhugei (=GDMCC 1.1416T=KCTC 62784T) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Guo
- 1Northwest Hubei Research Institute of Traditional Fermented Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weicheng Li
- 2Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Yurong Wang
- 1Northwest Hubei Research Institute of Traditional Fermented Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- 2Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- 1Northwest Hubei Research Institute of Traditional Fermented Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- 2Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, PR China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- 1Northwest Hubei Research Institute of Traditional Fermented Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
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56
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Buijs Y, Bech PK, Vazquez-Albacete D, Bentzon-Tilia M, Sonnenschein EC, Gram L, Zhang SD. Marine Proteobacteria as a source of natural products: advances in molecular tools and strategies. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1333-1350. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the recent advances in molecular tools and strategies for studies and use of natural products from marine Proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Buijs
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Pernille Kjersgaard Bech
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Dario Vazquez-Albacete
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Eva C. Sonnenschein
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Sheng-Da Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby
- Denmark
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57
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Dumorné K, Severe R. Marine enzymes and their industrial and biotechnological applications. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.18.02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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58
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Tamadoni Jahromi S, Barzkar N. Marine bacterial chitinase as sources of energy, eco-friendly agent, and industrial biocatalyst. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2147-2154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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59
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Patil MP, Kim GD. Marine microorganisms for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:487-495. [PMID: 30205339 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become one of the most in demand technologies applied in different fields of science. Metallic nanoparticles synthesis using marine microorganisms has been received global attention due to their extensive applications in biomedical science. The use of marine microbes for metallic nanoparticles synthesis is eco-friendly, time saving, and inexpensive. An eco-friendly method is essential to minimize waste and protect environment. Recently, marine microorganisms are recognized an eco-friendly and efficient way to utilize as potential biofactories for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Here, we discuss and detail the possible uses of different marine microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and microalgae for metallic nanoparticle synthesis and those nanoparticles applications as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. In addition, different parameters that cause changes on nanoparticles shape and morphology are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshkumar Prakash Patil
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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60
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Balabanova L, Slepchenko L, Son O, Tekutyeva L. Biotechnology Potential of Marine Fungi Degrading Plant and Algae Polymeric Substrates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1527. [PMID: 30050513 PMCID: PMC6052901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi possess the metabolic capacity to degrade environment organic matter, much of which is the plant and algae material enriched with the cell wall carbohydrates and polyphenol complexes that frequently can be assimilated by only marine fungi. As the most renewable energy feedstock on the Earth, the plant or algae polymeric substrates induce an expression of microbial extracellular enzymes that catalyze their cleaving up to the component sugars. However, the question of what the marine fungi contributes to the plant and algae material biotransformation processes has yet to be highlighted sufficiently. In this review, we summarized the potential of marine fungi alternatively to terrestrial fungi to produce the biotechnologically valuable extracellular enzymes in response to the plant and macroalgae polymeric substrates as sources of carbon for their bioconversion used for industries and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Balabanova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Innovative Technology Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lubov Slepchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Innovative Technology Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Oksana Son
- Innovative Technology Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Liudmila Tekutyeva
- Innovative Technology Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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61
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Future direction in marine bacterial agarases for industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6847-6863. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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62
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Joseph D, Chakraborty K. Production and Biotechnological Application of Extracellular Alkalophilic Lipase from Marine Macroalga-Associated Shewanella algae to Produce Enriched C 20-22 n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:55-71. [PMID: 29082477 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular alkalophilic lipase was partially purified from heterotrophic Shewanella algae (KX 272637) associated with marine macroalgae Padina gymnospora. The enzyme possessed a molecular mass of 20 kD, and was purified 60-fold with a specific activity of 36.33 U/mg. The enzyme exhibited Vmax and Km of 1000 mM/mg/min and 157 mM, respectively, with an optimum activity at 55 °C and pH 10.0. The catalytic activity of the enzyme was improved by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, and the enzyme showed a good tolerance towards organic solvents, such as methanol, isopropanol, and ethanol. The purified lipase hydrolyzed the refined liver oil from leafscale gulper shark Centrophorus squamosus, yielding a total C20-22 n-3 PUFA concentration of 34.99% with EPA + DHA accounting the major share (34% TFA), after 3 h of hydrolysis. This study recognized the industrial applicability of the thermostable and alkalophilic lipase from marine macroalga-associated bacterium Shewanella algae to produce enriched C20-22 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexy Joseph
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka State, 574199, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India.
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63
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Neethu S, Midhun SJ, Radhakrishnan E, Jyothis M. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles by marine endophytic fungus Penicillium polonicum and its antibacterial efficacy against biofilm forming, multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:263-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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64
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Neethu S, Midhun SJ, Sunil MA, Soumya S, Radhakrishnan EK, Jyothis M. Efficient visible light induced synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Penicillium polonicum ARA 10 isolated from Chetomorpha antennina and its antibacterial efficacy against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 180:175-185. [PMID: 29453129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biological systems such as fungi has evolved to become an important area of nanobiotechnology. Herein, we report for the first time the light-induced extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using algicolous endophytic fungus Penicillium polonicum ARA 10, isolated from the marine green alga Chetomorpha antennina. Parametric optimization, including the concentration of AgNO3, fungal biomass, ratio of cell filtrate and AgNO3, pH, reaction time and presence of light, was done for rapid AgNPs production. The obtained silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM-EDAX). The AgNPs showed a characteristic UV-visible peak at 430 nm with an average size of 10-15 nm. The NH stretches in FTIR indicate the presence of protein molecules. The Raman vibrational bands suggest that the molecules responsible for the reduction and stability of AgNPs were extracellular proteins produced by P.polonicum. Antibacterial evaluation of AgNPs against the major foodborne bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium MTCC 1251, was assessed by well diffusion, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay. Killing kinetic studies revealed complete killing of the bacterial cells within 4 h and the bactericidal nature of synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the bactericidal studies with Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at different time intervals explored the presence of AgNPs in the cell wall of S.Typhimurium at about 30 min and the complete bacterial lysis was found at 24 h. The current research opens an insight into the green synthesis of AgNPs and the mechanism of bacterial lysis by direct damage to the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahadevan Neethu
- School of BioSciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - M A Sunil
- School of BioSciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Soman Soumya
- School of BioSciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of BioSciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Mathew Jyothis
- School of BioSciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
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65
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Doi SA, Pinto AB, Canali MC, Polezel DR, Chinellato RAM, Oliveira AJFCD. Density and diversity of filamentous fungi in the water and sediment of Araçá bay in São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Araçá Bay, located in the city of São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil, is a protected area of substantial complexity. It represents the last remaining mangrove swamp preserve between the cities of Bertioga and Ubatuba on the northern coast of São Paulo State. This mangrove swamp has specific physical and chemical properties, and it shelters a wide variety of life, including fungi. These microorganisms are present in a variety of species with different morphophysiological features, and they have the ability to produce enzymes of biotechnological importance. The goal of this study was to quantify, isolate, and identify filamentous fungi in water and sediment samples from the Araçá Bay mangrove swamp in São Sebastião. Two samplings were performed in the summer and two were performed in the winter. The samples were collected from intertidal zones, and dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, and pH were measured in situ. The spread plate technique was used to inoculate the samples collected on plates with a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. A total of 208 colonies (68 from water samples and 140 from sediment samples) were isolated, and they were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Filamentous fungus density was higher in the sediment than in the water, and the samplings performed in the winter revealed a higher density than those performed in the summer. Though some of the environmental parameters were not ideal for fungal development, a high quantity of growth was nevertheless observed. When the isolated colonies were analyzed, the greatest diversity and species richness were found in the summer samples. The genera identified in all of the samples were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. The pathogenic species found from these genera were Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, Penicillium citrinum, and P. chrysogenum. These species are also able to produce enzymes that offer a variety of applications. The fungal community described herein represents the diversity found in this mangrove swamp during the period studied. Many of the fungus species found are pathogenic and may be useful due to their ability to produce specific enzymes applicable in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries.
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66
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Rodriguez-Siordia I, Rojo-Arreola L, Navarrete Del Toro MDLA, García-Carreño F. American lobster Cathepsin D, an aspartic peptidase resistant to proteolysis and active in organic solvents, non-ionic detergents and salts. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1501-1509. [PMID: 28987802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suitable peptidases for biotechnological applications are those active at low temperature, in organic solvents, detergents or proteolytic additives. American lobster cathepsin D1 (CD1) is an enzyme highly efficient at 5-50°C and at pH 2.5-5.5. We assessed the effect of common industrial additives on CD1 activity. CD1 was isolated from lobster gastric fluid by chromatography. The proteolytic activity was measured using a fluorogenic specific substrate and the conformation by intrinsic fluorescence. Non-ionic detergents Tween-20 and Triton X-100 stabilize the peptidase activity. Ethanol, methanol and isopropanol [5-15% (v/v)] increased the enzyme activity up to 80%. The enzyme is active until 2.5M urea and is resistant to proteolysis by papain and renin. In this work, a crustacean peptidase that remains active when exposed to different chemical and proteolytic additives is reported, evincing that crustaceans are a good model for discovery of novel stable peptidases for future pharmaceutical, cosmetic and alimentary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rodriguez-Siordia
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Liliana Rojo-Arreola
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - María de Los Angeles Navarrete Del Toro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Carreño
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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Korkmaz MN, Ozdemir SC, Uzel A. Xylanase production from marine derived Trichoderma pleuroticola 08ÇK001 strain isolated from Mediterranean coastal sediments. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:839-851. [PMID: 28758291 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases constitutes one the most important enzymes with diverse applications in different industries such as bioethanol production, animal feedstock production, production of xylo-oligosaccharides, baking industry, paper and pulp industry, xylitol production, fruit juice, and beer finishing, degumming, and agriculture. Currently, industrial xylanases are mainly produced by Aspergillus and Trichoderma members. Since the marine environments are less studied compared to terrestrial environments and harbors great microbial diversity we aimed to investigate the xylanase production of 88 marine-derived filamentous fungal strains. These strains are semi-quantitatively screened for their extracellular xylanase production and Trichoderma pleuroticola 08ÇK001 xylanase activity was further characterized. Optimum pH and temperature was determined as 5.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The enzyme preparation retained 53% of its activity at pH 5.0 after 1 h and have found resistant against several ions and compounds such as K+ , Ba2+ , Na+ , β-mercaptoethanol, Triton X-100 and toluene. This study demonstrates that marine-derived fungal strains are prolific sources for xylanase production and presents the first report about the production and characterization of xylanase from a marine derived T. pleuroticola strain. The characteristics of T. pleuroticola 08ÇK001 xylanase activity indicate possible employment in some industrial processes such as animal feed, juice and wine industries or paper pulping applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih N Korkmaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Ataç Uzel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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Marine microbes as a valuable resource for brand new industrial biocatalysts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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69
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Stabili L, Rizzo L, Pizzolante G, Alifano P, Fraschetti S. Spatial distribution of the culturable bacterial community associated with the invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea in the Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 125:90-98. [PMID: 28189875 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the complex seaweed-bacteria associations in nature may provide information on the fitness of an invasive host. This may require the use of different approaches. In this study, we employed, for the first time, the Biolog system-Ecoplates™ to analyze the functional diversity of the culturable fraction of the bacterial assemblages associated with the surface of Caulerpa cylindracea, the invasive seaweed of the Mediterranean Sea. Seaweed samples were collected at five sites across the basin. A high similarity in the bacterial activity, expressed as Average Well Color Development (AWCD), among the study sites was observed. Culturable heterotrophic bacteria at 22 °C showed mean values ranging from 1.4 × 105 CFU g-1 at Porto Cesareo (Ionian Sea, Italy) to 5.8 × 106 CFU g-1 at Othonoi, Diapontine Island (Ionian Sea, Greece). The analysis of the DNA sequences on isolated bacteria demonstrated that the genera Shewanella, Marinobacter, Vibrio, Granulosicoccus and the family Rhodobacteraceae are consistently present on C. cylindracea, irrespective of its geographical origin. The present study provided new insights into the complex association between bacteria and this algal species, suggesting a specific composition and function of the associated culturable bacteria across the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, Lecce, Italy; Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, U.O.S. di Taranto, CNR, Via Roma 3, Taranto, Italy.
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, Lecce, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Italy; CoNISMa - Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Pizzolante
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, Lecce, Italy; CoNISMa - Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 9, Rome, Italy
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70
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen VD. Characterization and Applications of Marine Microbial Enzymes in Biotechnology and Probiotics for Animal Health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 80:37-74. [PMID: 28215328 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms have been recognized as potential sources of novel enzymes because they are relatively more stable than the corresponding enzymes derived from plants and animals. Enzymes from marine microorganisms also differ from homologous enzymes in terrestrial microorganisms based on salinity, pressure, temperature, and lighting conditions. Marine microbial enzymes can be used in diverse industrial applications. This chapter will focus on the biotechnological applications of marine enzymes and also their use as a tool of marine probiotics to improve host digestion (food digestion, food absorption, and mucus utilization) and cleave molecular signals involved in quorum sensing in pathogens to control disease in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Technology, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
| | - V D Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
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71
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Sathish T, Uppuluri KB, Veera Bramha Chari P, Kezia D. Sequential Optimization Methods for Augmentation of Marine Enzymes Production in Solid-State Fermentation: l-Glutaminase Production a Case Study. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 78:95-114. [PMID: 27452167 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased l-glutaminase market worldwide due to its relevant industrial applications. Salt tolerance l-glutaminases play a vital role in the increase of flavor of different types of foods like soya sauce and tofu. This chapter is presenting the economically viable l-glutaminases production in solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus flavus MTCC 9972 as a case study. The enzyme production was improved following a three step optimization process. Initially mixture design (MD) (augmented simplex lattice design) was employed to optimize the solid substrate mixture. Such solid substrate mixture consisted of 59:41 of wheat bran and Bengal gram husk has given higher amounts of l-glutaminase. Glucose and l-glutamine were screened as a finest additional carbon and nitrogen sources for l-glutaminase production with help of Plackett-Burman Design (PBD). l-Glutamine also acting as a nitrogen source as well as inducer for secretion of l-glutaminase from A. flavus MTCC 9972. In the final step of optimization various environmental and nutritive parameters such as pH, temperature, moisture content, inoculum concentration, glucose, and l-glutamine levels were optimized through the use of hybrid feed forward neural networks (FFNNs) and genetic algorithm (GA). Through sequential optimization methods MD-PBD-FFNN-GA, the l-glutaminase production in SSF could be improved by 2.7-fold (453-1690U/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sathish
- Bioengineering and Environmental Centre, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
| | - K B Uppuluri
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - D Kezia
- Center for Biotechnology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
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Rao TE, Imchen M, Kumavath R. Marine Enzymes: Production and Applications for Human Health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 80:149-163. [PMID: 28215323 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Marine microbial enzymes have wide applications in bioindustries. Selection of microorganisms for enzyme production at the industrial level requires good yield and high production rate. A number of enzymes such as amylase, caseinase, lipase, gelatinase, and DNases have been discovered from microbes isolated from extreme marine environments. Such enzymes are thermostable, tolerant to a varied range of pH and other harsh conditions required in industrial applications. Novelty in their structure and characteristics has shown promising scope to the researchers in academia and industry. In this chapter, we present a bird's eye view on recent research works in the field of enzyme production from marine origin as well as their potential biological applications relevant to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eswara Rao
- Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, Kerala, India
| | - M Imchen
- Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, Kerala, India
| | - R Kumavath
- Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, Kerala, India.
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73
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Parte S, Sirisha VL, D'Souza JS. Biotechnological Applications of Marine Enzymes From Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, and Sponges. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 80:75-106. [PMID: 28215329 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diversity is the hallmark of all life forms that inhabit the soil, air, water, and land. All these habitats pose their unique inherent challenges so as to breed the "fittest" creatures. Similarly, the biodiversity from the marine ecosystem has evolved unique properties due to challenging environment. These challenges include permafrost regions to hydrothermal vents, oceanic trenches to abyssal plains, fluctuating saline conditions, pH, temperature, light, atmospheric pressure, and the availability of nutrients. Oceans occupy 75% of the earth's surface and harbor most ancient and diverse forms of organisms (algae, bacteria, fungi, sponges, etc.), serving as an excellent source of natural bioactive molecules, novel therapeutic compounds, and enzymes. In this chapter, we introduce enzyme technology, its current state of the art, unique enzyme properties, and the biocatalytic potential of marine algal, bacterial, fungal, and sponge enzymes that have indeed boosted the Marine Biotechnology Industry. Researchers began exploring marine enzymes, and today they are preferred over the chemical catalysts for biotechnological applications and functions, encompassing various sectors, namely, domestic, industrial, commercial, and healthcare. Next, we summarize the plausible pros and cons: the challenges encountered in the process of discovery of the potent compounds and bioactive metabolites such as biocatalysts/enzymes of biomedical, therapeutic, biotechnological, and industrial significance. The field of Marine Enzyme Technology has recently assumed importance, and if it receives further boost, it could successfully substitute other chemical sources of enzymes useful for industrial and commercial purposes and may prove as a beneficial and ecofriendly option. With appropriate directions and encouragement, marine enzyme technology can sustain the rising demand for enzyme production while maintaining the ecological balance, provided any undesired exploitation of the marine ecosystem is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parte
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - V L Sirisha
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - J S D'Souza
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, India.
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Biochemical Characteristics and Substrate Degradation Pattern of a Novel Exo-Type β-Agarase from the Polysaccharide-Degrading Marine Bacterium Flammeovirga sp. Strain MY04. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4944-54. [PMID: 27260364 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00393-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Exo-type agarases release disaccharide units (3,6-anhydro-l-galactopyranose-α-1,3-d-galactose) from the agarose chain and, in combination with endo-type agarases, play important roles in the processive degradation of agarose. Several exo-agarases have been identified. However, their substrate-degrading patterns and corresponding mechanisms are still unclear because of a lack of proper technologies for sugar chain analysis. Herein, we report the novel properties of AgaO, a disaccharide-producing agarase identified from the genus Flammeovirga AgaO is a 705-amino-acid protein that is unique to strain MY04. It shares sequence identities of less than 40% with reported GH50 β-agarases. Recombinant AgaO (rAgaO) yields disaccharides as the sole final product when degrading agarose and associated oligosaccharides. Its smallest substrate is a neoagarotetraose, and its disaccharide/agarose conversion ratio is 0.5. Using fluorescence labeling and two-stage mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrate that the disaccharide products are neoagarobiose products instead of agarobiose products, as verified by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analysis. Therefore, we provide a useful oligosaccharide sequencing method to determine the patterns of enzyme cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Moreover, AgaO produces neoagarobiose products by gradually cleaving the units from the nonreducing end of fluorescently labeled sugar chains, and so our method represents a novel biochemical visualization of the exolytic pattern of an agarase. Various truncated AgaO proteins lost their disaccharide-producing capabilities, indicating a strict structure-function relationship for the whole enzyme. This study provides insights into the novel catalytic mechanism and enzymatic properties of an exo-type β-agarase for the benefit of potential future applications. IMPORTANCE Exo-type agarases can degrade agarose to yield disaccharides almost exclusively, and therefore, they are important tools for disaccharide preparation. However, their enzymatic mechanisms and agarose degradation patterns are still unclear due to the lack of proper technologies for sugar chain analysis. In this study, AgaO was identified as an exo-type agarase of agarose-degrading Flammeovirga bacteria, representing a novel branch of glycoside hydrolase family 50. Using fluorescence labeling, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrum analysis technologies, we provide a useful oligosaccharide sequencing method to determine the patterns of enzyme cleavage of glycosidic bonds. We also demonstrate that AgaO produces neoagarobiose by gradually cleaving disaccharides from the nonreducing end of fluorescently labeled sugars. This study will benefit future enzyme applications and oligosaccharide studies.
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75
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Patnala HS, Kabilan U, Gopalakrishnan L, Rao RMD, Kumar DS. Marine Fungal and Bacterial Isolates for Lipase Production: A Comparative Study. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 78:71-94. [PMID: 27452166 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipases, belonging to the class of enzymes called hydrolases, can catalyze triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol. They are produced by microbes of plant and animal origin, and also by marine organisms. As marine microorganisms thrive in extreme conditions, lipases isolated from their origin possess characteristics of extremozymes, retain its activity in extreme conditions and can catalyze few chemical reactions which are impossible otherwise relative to the lipase produced from terrestrial microorganisms. Lipases are useful in many industries like detergent, food, leather, pharmaceutical, diary, etc. Few commercial enzymes have been developed and the use of them in certain industries like dairy, soaps are proved to be beneficial. There are few research papers reporting the production of lipase from marine bacteria and fungi. Lipase production involves two types of fermentation processes-solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF). Although SmF process is used conventionally, SSF process produces lipase in higher amounts. The production is also influenced by the composition of the medium, physiochemical parameters like temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Patnala
- Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - U Kabilan
- School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulattur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - R M D Rao
- Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - D S Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Martin M, Vandermies M, Joyeux C, Martin R, Barbeyron T, Michel G, Vandenbol M. Discovering novel enzymes by functional screening of plurigenomic libraries from alga-associated Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria. Microbiol Res 2016; 186-187:52-61. [PMID: 27242143 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alga-associated microorganisms, in the context of their numerous interactions with the host and the complexity of the marine environment, are known to produce diverse hydrolytic enzymes with original biochemistry. We recently isolated several macroalgal-polysaccharide-degrading bacteria from the surface of the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. These active isolates belong to two classes: the Flavobacteriia and the Gammaproteobacteria. In the present study, we constructed two "plurigenomic" (with multiple bacterial genomes) libraries with the 5 most interesting isolates (regarding their phylogeny and their enzymatic activities) of each class (Fv and Gm libraries). Both libraries were screened for diverse hydrolytic activities. Five activities, out of the 48 previously identified in the natural polysaccharolytic isolates, were recovered by functional screening: a xylanase (GmXyl7), a beta-glucosidase (GmBg1), an esterase (GmEst7) and two iota-carrageenases (Fvi2.5 and Gmi1.3). We discuss here the potential role of the used host-cell, the average DNA insert-sizes and the used restriction enzymes on the divergent screening yields obtained for both libraries and get deeper inside the "great screen anomaly". Interestingly, the discovered esterase probably stands for a novel family of homoserine o-acetyltransferase-like-esterases, while the two iota-carrageenases represent new members of the poorly known GH82 family (containing only 19 proteins since its description in 2000). These original results demonstrate the efficiency of our uncommon "plurigenomic" library approach and the underexplored potential of alga-associated cultivable microbiota for the identification of novel and algal-specific enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Martin
- Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Marie Vandermies
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Coline Joyeux
- Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Renée Martin
- Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Micheline Vandenbol
- Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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dos Santos JA, Vieira JMF, Videira A, Meirelles LA, Rodrigues A, Taniwaki MH, Sette LD. Marine-derived fungus Aspergillus cf. tubingensis LAMAI 31: a new genetic resource for xylanase production. AMB Express 2016; 6:25. [PMID: 27009074 PMCID: PMC4805677 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived fungi have been reported as relevant producers of enzymes, which can have different properties in comparison with their terrestrial counterparts. The aim of the present study was to select from a collection of 493 marine-derived fungi the best producer of xylanase in order to evaluate the enzymatic production under different conditions. A total of 112 isolates produced xylanase in solid medium containing xylan as the carbon source, with 31 of them able to produce at least 10 U/mL of the enzyme. The best production (49.41 U/mL) was achieved by the strain LAMAI 31, identified as Aspergillus cf. tubingensis. After confirming the lack of pathogenicity (absence of ochratoxin A and fumonisin B2 production) this fungus was submitted to the experimental design in order to evaluate the effect of different variables on the enzymatic production, with the aim of optimizing culture conditions. Three experimental designs (two Plackett–Burman and one factorial fractional) were applied. The best condition for the enzymatic production was defined, resulting in an increase of 12.7 times in comparison with the initial production during the screening experiments. In the validation assay, the peak of xylanase production (561.59 U/mL) was obtained after 96 h of incubation, being the best specific activity achieved after 72 h of incubation. Xylanase from A. cf. tubingensis LAMAI 31 had optimum pH and temperature at 5.0 and 55 °C, respectively, and was shown to be stable at a range of 40–50 °C, and in pH from 3.6 to 7.0. Results from the present work indicate that A. cf. tubingensis LAMAI 31 can be considered as a new genetic resource for xylanase production.
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Characterization of a cold-adapted and salt-tolerant exo-chitinase (ChiC) from Pseudoalteromonas sp. DL-6. Extremophiles 2016; 20:167-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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79
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Kumar S, Grewal J, Sadaf A, Hemamalini R, K. Khare S. Halophiles as a source of polyextremophilic α-amylase for industrial applications. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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80
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Alma'abadi AD, Gojobori T, Mineta K. Marine Metagenome as A Resource for Novel Enzymes. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2015; 13:290-5. [PMID: 26563467 PMCID: PMC4678775 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
More than 99% of identified prokaryotes, including many from the marine environment, cannot be cultured in the laboratory. This lack of capability restricts our knowledge of microbial genetics and community ecology. Metagenomics, the culture-independent cloning of environmental DNAs that are isolated directly from an environmental sample, has already provided a wealth of information about the uncultured microbial world. It has also facilitated the discovery of novel biocatalysts by allowing researchers to probe directly into a huge diversity of enzymes within natural microbial communities. Recent advances in these studies have led to a great interest in recruiting microbial enzymes for the development of environmentally-friendly industry. Although the metagenomics approach has many limitations, it is expected to provide not only scientific insights but also economic benefits, especially in industry. This review highlights the importance of metagenomics in mining microbial lipases, as an example, by using high-throughput techniques. In addition, we discuss challenges in the metagenomics as an important part of bioinformatics analysis in big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani D Alma'abadi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Katsuhiko Mineta
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Diversity of hydrolases from hydrothermal vent sediments of the Levante Bay, Vulcano Island (Aeolian archipelago) identified by activity-based metagenomics and biochemical characterization of new esterases and an arabinopyranosidase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10031-46. [PMID: 26266751 PMCID: PMC4643112 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A metagenomic fosmid expression library established from environmental DNA (eDNA) from the shallow hot vent sediment sample collected from the Levante Bay, Vulcano Island (Aeolian archipelago) was established in Escherichia coli. Using activity-based screening assays, we have assessed 9600 fosmid clones corresponding to approximately 350 Mbp of the cloned eDNA, for the lipases/esterases/lactamases, haloalkane and haloacid dehalogenases, and glycoside hydrolases. Thirty-four positive fosmid clones were selected from the total of 120 positive hits and sequenced to yield ca. 1360 kbp of high-quality assemblies. Fosmid inserts were attributed to the members of ten bacterial phyla, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobateria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Spirochaetes, Thermotogae, Armatimonadetes, and Planctomycetes. Of ca. 200 proteins with high biotechnological potential identified therein, we have characterized in detail three distinct α/β-hydrolases (LIPESV12_9, LIPESV12_24, LIPESV12_26) and one new α-arabinopyranosidase (GLV12_5). All LIPESV12 enzymes revealed distinct substrate specificities tested against 43 structurally diverse esters and 4 p-nitrophenol carboxyl esters. Of 16 different glycosides tested, the GLV12_5 hydrolysed only p-nitrophenol-α-(l)-arabinopyranose with a high specific activity of about 2.7 kU/mg protein. Most of the α/β-hydrolases were thermophilic and revealed a high tolerance to, and high activities in the presence of, numerous heavy metal ions. Among them, the LIPESV12_24 was the best temperature-adapted, retaining its activity after 40 min of incubation at 90 °C. Furthermore, enzymes were active in organic solvents (e.g., >30 % methanol). Both LIPESV12_24 and LIPESV12_26 had the GXSXG pentapeptides and the catalytic triads Ser-Asp-His typical to the representatives of carboxylesterases of EC 3.1.1.1.
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Salamone M, Nicosia A, Bennici C, Quatrini P, Catania V, Mazzola S, Ghersi G, Cuttitta A. Comprehensive Analysis of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain Extracellular Serine Protease VpSP37. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126349. [PMID: 26162075 PMCID: PMC4498684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases play an important role in the field of tissue dissociation combined with regenerative medicine. During the years new sources of proteolytic enzymes have been studied including proteases from different marine organisms both eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Herein we have purified a secreted component of an isolate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, with electrophoretic mobilities corresponding to 36 kDa, belonging to the serine proteases family. Sequencing of the N-terminus enabled the in silico identification of the whole primary structure consisting of 345 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 37.4 KDa. The purified enzyme, named VpSP37, contains a Serine protease domain between residues 35 and 276 and a canonical Trypsin/Chimotrypsin 3D structure. Functional assays were performed to evaluate protease activity of purified enzyme. Additionally the performance of VpSP37 was evaluated in tissue dissociations experiments and the use of such enzyme as a component of enzyme blend for tissue dissociation procedures is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Salamone
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
| | - Carmelo Bennici
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
| | - Paola Quatrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 16, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Valentina Catania
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 16, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Calata porta di Massa, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 16, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Calata porta di Massa, 80133, Napoli, Italy
- ABIEL S.r.l., Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
| | - Angela Cuttitta
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 16, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Calata porta di Massa, 80133, Napoli, Italy
- ABIEL S.r.l., Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola 91021, Trapani, Sicily, Italy
- * E-mail:
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83
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Okaiyeto K, Nwodo UU, Mabinya LV, Okoli AS, Okoh AI. Characterization of a Bioflocculant (MBF-UFH) Produced by Bacillus sp. AEMREG7. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12986-3003. [PMID: 26062133 PMCID: PMC4490482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioflocculant named MBF-UFH produced by a Bacillus species isolated from sediment samples of Algoa Bay of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was characterized. The bacterial identification was through 16S rDNA sequencing; nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank as Bacillus sp. AEMREG7 with Accession Number KP659187. The production of the bioflocculant was observed to be closely associated with cell growth. The bioflocculant had the highest flocculating activity of 83.2% after 72 h of cultivation, and approximately 1.6 g of purified MBF-UFH was recovered from 1 L of fermentation broth. Its chemical analyses indicated that it is a glycoprotein composed of polysaccharide (76%) and protein (14%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that it consisted of hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl and methoxyl as the functional moieties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the amorphous structure of MBF-UFH and flocculated kaolin clay particles. The maximum flocculating activity of 92.6% against kaolin clay suspension was achieved at 0.3 mg/mL over pH ranges of 3-11 with the peak flocculating rate at pH 8 in the presence of MgCl2. The bioflocculant retained high flocculating activity of 90% after heating at 100 °C for 1 h. MBF-UFH appears to have immense potential as an alternative to conventional chemical flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Okaiyeto
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
| | - Leonard V Mabinya
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
| | - Arinze S Okoli
- GenØK-Centre for Biosafety, Forskningsparken i Breivika, Postboks 6418, 9294 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
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84
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Bonugli-Santos RC, dos Santos Vasconcelos MR, Passarini MRZ, Vieira GAL, Lopes VCP, Mainardi PH, dos Santos JA, de Azevedo Duarte L, Otero IVR, da Silva Yoshida AM, Feitosa VA, Pessoa A, Sette LD. Marine-derived fungi: diversity of enzymes and biotechnological applications. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:269. [PMID: 25914680 PMCID: PMC4392690 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocean is considered to be a great reservoir of biodiversity. Microbial communities in marine environments are ecologically relevant as intermediaries of energy, and play an important role in nutrient regeneration cycles as decomposers of dead and decaying organic matter. In this sense, marine-derived fungi can be considered as a source of enzymes of industrial and/or environmental interest. Fungal strains isolated from different substrates, such as invertebrates, decaying wood, seawater, sediments, and mangrove detritus, have been reported to be producers of hydrolytic and/or oxidative enzymes, with alginate lyase, amylase, cellulase, chitinase, glucosidase, inulinase, keratinase, ligninase, lipase, nuclease, phytase, protease, and xylanase being among the enzymes produced by fungi of marine origin. These enzymes present temperature and pH optima ranging from 35 to 70(∘)C, and 3.0 to 11.0, respectively. High-level production in bioreactors is mainly performed using submerged-state fermentation. Certain marine-derived fungal strains present enzymes with alkaline and cold-activity characteristics, and salinity is considered an important condition in screening and production processes. The adaptability of marine-derived fungi to oceanic conditions can be considered an attractive point in the field of fungal marine biotechnology. In this review, we focus on the advances in discovering enzymes from marine-derived fungi and their biotechnological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella C. Bonugli-Santos
- Instituto Latino Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-AmericanaParaná, Brazil
| | - Maria R. dos Santos Vasconcelos
- Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de CampinasPaulínia, Brazil
| | - Michel R. Z. Passarini
- Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de CampinasPaulínia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A. L. Vieira
- Laboratório de Micologia Ambiental e Industrial, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Viviane C. P. Lopes
- Laboratório de Micologia Ambiental e Industrial, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Mainardi
- Laboratório de Micologia Ambiental e Industrial, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Juliana A. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia Ambiental e Industrial, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Lidia de Azevedo Duarte
- Laboratório de Micologia Ambiental e Industrial, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Igor V. R. Otero
- Laboratório de Micologia Ambiental e Industrial, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Aline M. da Silva Yoshida
- Laboratório de Micologia Ambiental e Industrial, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRio Claro, Brazil
| | - Valker A. Feitosa
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara D. Sette
- Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de CampinasPaulínia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Micologia Ambiental e Industrial, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoRio Claro, Brazil
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85
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Martins MP, Ouazzani J, Arcile G, Jeller AH, de Lima JPF, Seleghim MHR, Oliveira ALL, Debonsi HM, Venâncio T, Yokoya NS, Fujii MT, Porto ALM. Biohydroxylation of (-)-ambrox®, (-)-sclareol, and (+)-sclareolide by whole cells of Brazilian marine-derived fungi. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:211-218. [PMID: 25634054 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A screening was performed using nine marine-derived fungi as biocatalysts and the natural products (-)-ambrox® (1), (-)-sclareol (2), and (+)-sclareolide (3) in order to select the microorganisms able to catalyze the biooxidation of these compounds. It was observed that only the Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 934, Botryosphaeria sp., Eutypella sp., and Xylaria sp. presented active oxidoreductases and catalyzed the regioselective hydroxylation in the natural products. The hydroxylated metabolites obtained were 1β-hydroxy-ambrox (1a) (14%, A. sydowii CBMAI 934); 3β-hydroxy-ambrox (1b) (17%, Botryosphaeria sp.; 11%, Eutypella sp.); 3β-hydroxy-sclareol (2a) (31%, Xylaria sp.; 69%, Botryosphaeria sp.; 55%, Eutypella sp.); 18-hydroxy-sclareol (2b) (10%, Xylaria sp.); and 3β-hydroxy-sclareolide (3a) (34%, Botryosphaeria sp.; 7%, Eutypella sp.). This is the first report of biohydroxylation of (-)-ambrox® (1), (-)-sclareol (2), and (+)-sclareolide (3) by whole mycelia of marine-derived fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Martins
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, n° 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
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86
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Lin F, Zhang C, Chen X, Song E, Sun S, Chen M, Pan T, Deng X. Chrysophanol affords neuroprotection against microglial activation and free radical-mediated oxidative damage in BV2 murine microglia. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3447-3455. [PMID: 26064235 PMCID: PMC4443069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chrysophanol, isolated from a marine fungus, was examined for its protective effects against inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in BV2 microglia. Chrysophanol was studied to assess its capabilities of protecting against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 cells. It was found that chrysophanol reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) production by diminishing reducing the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Assessment of the inhibitory activities of chrysophanol on the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also performed. Furthermore, Chrysophanol treatment significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell damage and inhibited DNA oxidation in BV2 cells. Moreover, antioxidative mechanisms by of chrysophanol were evaluated investigated by measuring the expression levels of antioxidative enzymes such superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Therefore, results suggested that chrysophanol has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in microglia and further might be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, 200072, China
| | - E Song
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, 215000, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
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87
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Antimicrobial and Biocatalytic Potential of Haloalkaliphilic Actinobacteria. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14595-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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88
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Dudek M, Adams J, Swain M, Hegarty M, Huws S, Gallagher J. Metaphylogenomic and potential functionality of the limpet Patella pellucida's gastrointestinal tract microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18819-39. [PMID: 25334059 PMCID: PMC4227249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the microbial diversity associated with the digestive tract of the seaweed grazing marine limpet Patella pellucida. Using a modified indirect DNA extraction protocol and performing metagenomic profiling based on specific prokaryotic marker genes, the abundance of bacterial groups was identified from the analyzed metagenome. The members of three significantly abundant phyla of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were characterized through the literature and their predicted functions towards the host, as well as potential applications in the industrial environment assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dudek
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Jessica Adams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Martin Swain
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Matthew Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Sharon Huws
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Joe Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
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89
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Klippel B, Sahm K, Basner A, Wiebusch S, John P, Lorenz U, Peters A, Abe F, Takahashi K, Kaiser O, Goesmann A, Jaenicke S, Grote R, Horikoshi K, Antranikian G. Carbohydrate-active enzymes identified by metagenomic analysis of deep-sea sediment bacteria. Extremophiles 2014; 18:853-63. [PMID: 25108363 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Subseafloor sediment samples derived from a sediment core of 60 m length were used to enrich psychrophilic aerobic bacteria on cellulose, xylan, chitin, and starch. A variety of species belonging to Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria and to Flavobacteria were isolated from sediment depths between 12 and 42 mbsf. Metagenomic DNA purified from the pooled enrichments was sequenced and analyzed for phylogenetic composition and presence of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes. More than 200 open reading frames coding for glycoside hydrolases were identified, and more than 60 of them relevant for enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose. Four genes encoding β-glucosidases with less than 52% identities to characterized enzymes were chosen for recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. In addition one endomannanase, two endoxylanases, and three β-xylosidases were produced recombinantly. All genes could be actively expressed. Functional analysis revealed discrepancies and additional variability for the recombinant enzymes as compared to the sequence-based predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klippel
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology, Kasernenstr. 12, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
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90
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Barbosa JB, Gentil NO, Ladeira SA, Martins MLL. Addendum to Issue 1 - ENZITEC 2012 Cheese whey and passion fruit rind flour as substrates for protease production byBacillussp. SMIA-2 strain isolated from Brazilian soil. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2014.934363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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91
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Suthindhiran K, Jayasri MA, Dipali D, Prasar A. Screening and characterization of protease producing actinomycetes from marine saltern. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:1098-109. [PMID: 24136565 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the course of systematic screening program for bioactive actinomycetes, an alkaline protease producing halophilic strain Actinopolyspora sp. VITSDK2 was isolated from marine saltern, Southern India. The strain was identified as Actinopolyspora based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic characters. The protease was partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and subsequently by DEAE cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme was further purified using HPLC and the molecular weight was found to be 22 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. The purified protease exhibited pH stability in a wide range of 4-12 with optimum at 10.0. The enzyme was found to be stable between 25 and 80 °C and displayed a maximum activity at 60 °C. The enzyme activity was increased marginally in presence of Mn(2+) , Mg(2+) , and Ca(2+) and decreased in presence of Cu(2+) . PMSF and DFP completely inhibited the activity suggesting it belongs to serine protease. Further, the proteolytic activity was abolished in presence of N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone suggesting this might be chymotrypsin-like serine protease. The protease was 96% active when kept for 10 days at room temperature. The results indicate that the enzyme belong to chymotrypsin-like serine protease exhibiting both pH and thermostability, which can be used for various applications in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Suthindhiran
- Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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92
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Zhang J, Cao X, Xin Y, Xue S, Zhang W. Purification and characterization of a dehalogenase from Pseudomonas stutzeri DEH130 isolated from the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1791-9. [PMID: 23543208 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
2-haloacid dehalogenases are enzymes that are capable of degrading 2-haloacid compounds. These enzymes are produced by bacteria, but so far they have only been purified and characterized from terrestrial bacteria. The present study describes the purification and characterization of 2-haloacid dehalogenase from the marine bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri DEH130. P. Stutzeri DEH130 contained two kinds of 2-haloacid dehalogenase (designated as Dehalogenase I and Dehalogenase II) as detected in the crude cell extract after ammonium sulfate fractionation. Both enzymes appeared to exhibit stereo-specificity with respect to substrate. Dehalogenase I was a 109.9-kDa enzyme that preferentially utilized D-2-chloropropropionate and had optimum activity at pH 7.5. Dehalogenase II, which preferentially utilized L-2-chloropropionate, was further purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Purified Dehalogenase II appeared to be a dimeric enzyme with a subunit of 26.0-kDa. It had maximum activity at pH 10.0 and a temperature of 40 °C. Its activity was not inhibited by DTT and EDTA, but strongly inhibited by Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Co²⁺. The K(m) and V(max) for L-2-chloropropionate were 0.3 mM and 23.8 μmol/min/mg, respectively. Its substrate specificity was limited to short chain mono-substituted 2-halocarboxylic acids, with no activity detected toward fluoropropionate and monoiodoacetate. This is the first report on the purification and characterization of 2-haloacid dehalogenase from a marine bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Zhang
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institution of chemical physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
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93
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Dinica RM, Furdui B, Ghinea IO, Bahrim G, Bonte S, Demeunynck M. Novel one-pot green synthesis of indolizines biocatalysed by Candida antarctica Lipases. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:431-9. [PMID: 23389089 PMCID: PMC3640390 DOI: 10.3390/md11020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms are of considerable interest as a promising source of enzymes with unsuspected potentials as catalysts for chemical synthesis. We describe here an efficient method for one-pot indolizine synthesis that has been developed using lipase A and lipase B from Candida antarctica as biocatalysts. As showed by HPLC/MS analysis, the yield in indolizines was higher in the presence of the biocatalyst than in absence of enzyme. Lipase A, from Candida antarctica, showed high catalytic activity and selectivity for the cycloaddition reactions. When the reactions were performed under ultrasound irradiation, the Candida antarctica lipase catalyzed reactions yielded pure indolozines, in good yields and in very short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Science and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mail:
| | - Bianca Furdui
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Science and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (B.F.); (M.D.); Tel.: +40-336-130-251 (B.F.); Fax: +40-336-130-285 (B.F.); Tel.: +33-476-635-314 (M.D.); Fax: +33-476-635-298 (M.D.)
| | - Ioana Otilia Ghinea
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mails: (I.O.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Gabriela Bahrim
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mails: (I.O.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Simon Bonte
- Département Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 & FR 2607, CNRS/Université de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France; E-Mail:
| | - Martine Demeunynck
- Département Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 & FR 2607, CNRS/Université de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (B.F.); (M.D.); Tel.: +40-336-130-251 (B.F.); Fax: +40-336-130-285 (B.F.); Tel.: +33-476-635-314 (M.D.); Fax: +33-476-635-298 (M.D.)
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94
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Systematic and biotechnological aspects of halophilic and halotolerant actinomycetes. Extremophiles 2012; 17:1-13. [PMID: 23129307 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
More than 70 species of halotolerant and halophilic actinomycetes belonging to at least 24 genera have been validly described. Halophilic actinomycetes are a less explored source of actinomycetes for discovery of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. Degradation of aliphatic and aromatic organic compounds, detoxification of pollutants, production of new enzymes and other metabolites such as antibiotics, compatible solutes and polymers are other potential industrial applications of halophilic and halotolerant actinomycetes. Especially new bioactive secondary metabolites that are derived from only a small fraction of the investigated halophilic actinomycetes, mainly from marine habitats, have revealed the huge capacity of this physiological group in production of new bioactive chemical entities. Combined high metabolic capacities of actinomycetes and unique features related to extremophilic nature of the halophilic actinomycetes have conferred on them an influential role for future biotechnological applications.
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95
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Freitas AC, Rodrigues D, Rocha-Santos TA, Gomes AM, Duarte AC. Marine biotechnology advances towards applications in new functional foods. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1506-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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96
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Intriago P. Marine Microorganisms: perspectives for getting involved in cellulosic ethanol. AMB Express 2012; 2:46. [PMID: 22931793 PMCID: PMC3490849 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of ethanol has been considered as an alternative to replace part of the petroleum derivate. Brazil and the US are the leading producers, but more environmentally friendly alternatives are needed. Lignocellulose has an enormous potential but technology has to be still improve in order to economically produce ethanol. The present paper reviews the potential and problems of this technology and proposes the study of a group of microorganisms with the largest genetic pool, marine microorganism.
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97
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Zhao K, Guo LZ, Lu WD. Extracellular Production of Novel Halotolerant, Thermostable, and Alkali-Stable Carboxymethyl Cellulase by Marine Bacterium Marinimicrobium sp. LS-A18. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:550-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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98
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Hodges TW, Slattery M, Olson JB. Unique actinomycetes from marine caves and coral reef sediments provide novel PKS and NRPS biosynthetic gene clusters. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:270-280. [PMID: 22002467 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the ever-expanding search for novel bioactive molecules and enzymes, marine actinomycetes have proven to be a productive source. While open reef sediment and sponge-associated actinomycetes have been extensively examined, their marine cave counterparts remain unevaluated. Anchialine cave systems in the Bahamas offered an ideal setting to evaluate the occurrence and variation within sediment-associated actinomycete communities. While in close geographical proximity to open reef environments, these systems provide a specialized environmental niche devoid of light and direct exposure to nutrient input. In the present study, selective isolation techniques and molecular methods were used to test the hypothesis that variable distribution of actinomycetes and secondary metabolite gene clusters occur between open reef and marine cave systems. The results indicated that differences exist within the culturable sediment-associated actinomycete communities between marine caves and open reef systems, with members of the genus Streptomyces dominating cultures from open reef sediments and a more diverse suite of actinomycetes isolated from marine cave sediment samples. Within the cave isolates, members of the proposed genus Solwaraspora were the most represented. Based on PKS- and NRPS-gene-targeted PCR amplification and sequencing, geographic variation in the occurrence of these biosynthetic pathways was also observed. These findings indicate that marine cave systems are a lucrative source in the search for novel secondary metabolite producers with biotechnological applications and that environmental and geographic factors likely affect the occurrence of these biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W Hodges
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, 1325 SEC Building, Campus Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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99
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Zhang C, Kim SK. Application of marine microbial enzymes in the food and pharmaceutical industries. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 65:423-35. [PMID: 22361204 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over billions of years, the ocean is regarded as the origin of life on Earth, and the ocean includes the largest habitats hosting the most life forms. Competition among microorganisms for space and nutrients in the marine environment is a powerful selective force, which has led to the evolution. The evolution prompts the marine microorganisms to generate multifarious enzyme systems to adapt to the complicated marine environments. Therefore, marine microbial enzymes can offer novel biocatalysts with extraordinary properties. This review deals with the research and development work done on the occurrence and bioprocessing of marine microbial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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100
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Imhoff JF, Labes A, Wiese J. Bio-mining the microbial treasures of the ocean: New natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:468-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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