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Caffeic Acid phenethyl ester and ethanol extract of propolis induce the complementary cytotoxic effect on triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Molecules 2015; 20:9242-62. [PMID: 26007182 PMCID: PMC6272161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20059242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy of breast cancer could be improved by bioactive natural substances, which may potentially sensitize the carcinoma cells’ susceptibility to drugs. Numerous phytochemicals, including propolis, have been reported to interfere with the viability of carcinoma cells. We evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and its derivative caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) towards two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T, by implementation of the MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. The morphological changes of breast carcinoma cells were observed following exposure to EEP and CAPE. The IC50 of EEP was 48.35 µg∙mL−1 for MDA-MB-23 cells and 33.68 µg∙mL−1 for Hs578T cells, whereas the CAPE IC50 was 14.08 µM and 8.01 µM for the MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cell line, respectively. Here, we report that propolis and CAPE inhibited the growth of the MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T lines in a dose-dependent and exposure time-dependent manner. EEP showed less cytotoxic activity against both types of TNBC cells. EEP and, particularly, CAPE may markedly affect the viability of breast cancer cells, suggesting the potential role of bioactive compounds in chemoprevention/chemotherapy by potentiating the action of standard anti-cancer drugs.
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Boisard S, Le Ray AM, Landreau A, Kempf M, Cassisa V, Flurin C, Richomme P. Antifungal and antibacterial metabolites from a French poplar type propolis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:319240. [PMID: 25873978 PMCID: PMC4385655 DOI: 10.1155/2015/319240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During this study, the in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities of different extracts (aqueous and organic) obtained from a French propolis batch were evaluated. Antifungal activity was evaluated by broth microdilution on three pathogenic strains: Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Antibacterial activity was assayed using agar dilution method on 36 Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains including Staphylococcus aureus. Organic extracts showed a significant antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. glabrata (MIC80 between 16 and 31 µg/mL) but only a weak activity towards A. fumigatus (MIC80 = 250 µg/mL). DCM based extracts exhibited a selective Gram-positive antibacterial activity, especially against S. aureus (SA) and several of its methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) strains (MIC100 30-97 µg/mL). A new and active derivative of catechin was also identified whereas a synergistic antimicrobial effect was noticed during this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Boisard
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d'Angers, 16 boulevard Daviers, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Anne-Marie Le Ray
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d'Angers, 16 boulevard Daviers, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Anne Landreau
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d'Angers, 16 boulevard Daviers, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Marie Kempf
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex 09, France
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Viviane Cassisa
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex 09, France
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Flurin
- Ballot-Flurin Apiculteurs-Abeilles Santé, 75 place Lagardère, 65700 Maubourguet, France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- EA 921 SONAS/SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d'Angers, 16 boulevard Daviers, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
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Propolis: A Complex Natural Product with a Plethora of Biological Activities That Can Be Explored for Drug Development. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:206439. [PMID: 26106433 PMCID: PMC4461776 DOI: 10.1155/2015/206439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The health industry has always used natural products as a rich, promising, and alternative source of drugs that are used in the health system. Propolis, a natural resinous product known for centuries, is a complex product obtained by honey bees from substances collected from parts of different plants, buds, and exudates in different geographic areas. Propolis has been attracting scientific attention since it has many biological and pharmacological properties, which are related to its chemical composition. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to characterize and understand the diverse bioactivities of propolis and its isolated compounds, as well as to evaluate and validate its potential. Yet, there is a lack of information concerning clinical effectiveness. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential of propolis for the development of new drugs by presenting published data concerning the chemical composition and the biological properties of this natural compound from different geographic origins.
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Henshaw FR, Bolton T, Nube V, Hood A, Veldhoen D, Pfrunder L, McKew GL, Macleod C, McLennan SV, Twigg SM. Topical application of the bee hive protectant propolis is well tolerated and improves human diabetic foot ulcer healing in a prospective feasibility study. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:850-7. [PMID: 25239451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Propolis is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory bee derived protectant resin. We have previously reported that topically applied propolis reduces inflammation and improves cutaneous ulcer healing in diabetic rodents. The aim of this study was to determine if propolis shows efficacy in a pilot study of human diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) healing and if it is well tolerated. MATERIALS Serial consenting subjects (n=24) with DFU ≥4 weeks' duration had topical propolis applied at each clinic review for 6 weeks. Post-debridement wound fluid was analyzed for viable bacterial count and pro-inflammatory MMP-9 activity. Ulcer healing data were compared with a matched control cohort of n=84 with comparable DFU treated recently at the same center. RESULTS Ulcer area was reduced by a mean 41% in the propolis group compared with 16% in the control group at week 1 (P<0.001), and by 63 vs. 44% at week 3, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, 10 vs. 2% (P<0.001), then 19 vs. 12% (P<0.05) of propolis treated vs. control ulcers had fully healed by weeks 3 and 7, respectively. Post-debridement wound fluid active MMP-9 was significantly reduced, by 18.1 vs. 2.8% week 3 from baseline in propolis treated ulcers vs. controls (P<0.001), as were bacterial counts (P<0.001). No adverse effects from propolis were reported. CONCLUSIONS Topical propolis is a well-tolerated therapy for wound healing and this pilot in human DFU indicates for the first time that it may enhance wound closure in this setting when applied weekly. A multi-site randomized controlled of topical propolis now appears to be warranted in diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances R Henshaw
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Diabetes Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thyra Bolton
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vanessa Nube
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anita Hood
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Danielle Veldhoen
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise Pfrunder
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Genevieve L McKew
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colin Macleod
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan V McLennan
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Diabetes Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Diabetes Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Cedikova M, Miklikova M, Stachova L, Grundmanova M, Tuma Z, Vetvicka V, Zech N, Kralickova M, Kuncova J. Effects of the czech propolis on sperm mitochondrial function. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:248768. [PMID: 25104965 PMCID: PMC4102010 DOI: 10.1155/2014/248768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product that honeybees collect from various plants. It is known for its beneficial pharmacological effects. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of propolis on human sperm motility, mitochondrial respiratory activity, and membrane potential. Semen samples from 10 normozoospermic donors were processed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Propolis effects on the sperm motility and mitochondrial activity parameters were tested in the fresh ejaculate and purified spermatozoa. Propolis preserved progressive motility of spermatozoa in the native semen samples. Oxygen consumption determined in purified permeabilized spermatozoa by high-resolution respirometry in the presence of adenosine diphosphate and substrates of complex I and complex II (state OXPHOSI+II) was significantly increased in the propolis-treated samples. Propolis also increased uncoupled respiration in the presence of rotenone (state ETSII) and complex IV activity, but it did not influence state LEAK induced by oligomycin. Mitochondrial membrane potential was not affected by propolis. This study demonstrates that propolis maintains sperm motility in the native ejaculates and increases activities of mitochondrial respiratory complexes II and IV without affecting mitochondrial membrane potential. The data suggest that propolis improves the total mitochondrial respiratory efficiency in the human spermatozoa in vitro thereby having potential to improve sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Cedikova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Miklikova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Stachova
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Grundmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Tuma
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- 1st Internal Department, Faculty of Medicine and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Nicolas Zech
- IVF Centers Prof. Zech - Pilsen, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Kralickova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kuncova
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Wojtyczka RD, Dziedzic A, Kępa M, Kubina R, Kabała-Dzik A, Mularz T, Idzik D. Berberine enhances the antibacterial activity of selected antibiotics against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains in vitro. Molecules 2014; 19:6583-96. [PMID: 24858093 PMCID: PMC6272005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic interactions between commonly used antibiotics and natural bioactive compounds may exhibit therapeutic benefits in a clinical setting. Berberine, an isoquinoline-type alkaloid isolated from many kinds of medicinal plants, has proven efficacy against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. The aim of the presented work was to assess the antibacterial activity of berberine chloride in light of the effect exerted by common antibiotics on fourteen reference strains of Staphylococccus spp., and to evaluate the magnitude of interactions of berberine with these antistaphylococcal antibiotics. In our study minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of berberine chloride against CoNS ranged from 16 to 512 µg/mL. The most noticeable effects were observed for S. haemolyticus ATCC 29970, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, S. capitis subsp. capitis ATCC 35661, S. galinarium ATCC 700401, S. hominis subsp. hominis ATCC 27844, S. intermedius ATCC 29663 and S. lugdunensis ATCC 49576. The most significant synergistic effect was noticed for berberine in combination with linezolid, cefoxitin and erythromycin. The synergy between berberine and antibiotics demonstrates the potential application of compound combinations as an efficient, novel therapeutic tool for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Wojtyczka
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kępa
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department and Institute of Pathology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department and Institute of Pathology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Mularz
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Danuta Idzik
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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De Luca MP, Franca JR, Macedo FAFF, Grenho L, Cortes ME, Faraco AAG, Moreira AN, Santos VR. Propolis varnish: antimicrobial properties against cariogenic bacteria, cytotoxicity, and sustained-release profile. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:348647. [PMID: 24949436 PMCID: PMC4052844 DOI: 10.1155/2014/348647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Varnishes are preparations that differ in the polymeric matrix and therapeutical agents. In dentistry they are used to prevent caries. In this study we developed a propolis varnish, considering propolis properties against cariogenic bacteria. To a chitosan polymeric base (CHV) was added ethanolic propolis extract in different concentrations: PV1 (5%), PV2 (10%), and PV3 (15%). Antimicrobial activity was carried out against Streptococcus mutans (SM), Streptococcus sanguinis (SG), Streptococcus salivarius (SS), and Lactobacillus casei (LC) through agar diffusion method. The three propolis concentrations incorporated were effective in inhibiting the growth of all microorganisms, but without significant difference between the zones of inhibition observed. Cytotoxicity assay was done by MTT method. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. None of the varnishes were cytotoxic, keeping 80% of viable cells, while CHV allowed cellular proliferation (120%). Sustained-release test was carried out by applying 40 μ L of each varnish in the buccal surface of bovine teeth and kept in an ethanol/water solution removed in regular times. According to the "independent model approach," the release profiles were distinct from each varnish and the most prolonged was PV3 (8 weeks). Varnish formulations had satisfactory antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria and have a low cytotoxicity (<50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P. De Luca
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juçara R. Franca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Filipe Augusto F. F. Macedo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Liliana Grenho
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (INEB), Porto University and Faculty of Engineering, DEMM, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Esperanza Cortes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André Augusto G. Faraco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Allyson N. Moreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vagner R. Santos
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Synergistic Effect between Cryptotanshinone and Antibiotics against Clinic Methicillin and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:450572. [PMID: 24782909 PMCID: PMC3982256 DOI: 10.1155/2014/450572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CT), a major tanshinone of medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against clinic isolated methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) in this experiment. The CT was determined against clinic isolated MRSA 1–16 with MIC and MBC values ranging from 4 to 32 and 8 to 128 μg/mL; for MSSA 1-2 from 16 to 32 μg/mL and 64 to 128 μg/mL; for VRSA 1-2 from 2 to 4 μg/mL and 4 to 16 μg/mL, respectively. The range of MIC50 and MIC90 of CT was 0.5–8 μg/mL and 4–64 μg/mL, respectively. The combination effects of CT with antibiotics were synergistic (FIC index <0.5) against most of tested clinic isolated MRSA, MSSA, and VRSA except additive, MRSA 4 and 16 in oxacillin, MRSA 6, 12, and 15 in ampicillin, and MRSA 6, 11, and 15 in vancomycin (FIC index < 0.75–1.0). Furthermore, a time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was completely attenuated after 2–6 h of treatment with the 1/2 MIC of CT, regardless of whether it was administered alone or with ampicillin, oxacillin, or vancomycin. The results suggest that CT could be employed as a natural antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant pathogens infection.
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Kurek-Górecka A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Górecki M, Stojko J, Sosada M, Świerczek-Zięba G. Structure and antioxidant activity of polyphenols derived from propolis. Molecules 2013; 19:78-101. [PMID: 24362627 PMCID: PMC6271064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a potential source of natural antioxidants such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. Its wide biological effects have been known and used since antiquity. In the modern world natural substances are sought which would be able to counteract the effects of antioxidative stress, which underlies many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. This paper aims to present the antioxidative activity of phenolic acids and flavonoids present in Polish propolis and the relationship between their chemical structure and antioxidative activity influencing its medicinal properties. Data concerning the biological activity of propolis are summarized here, including its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, estrogenic effects, as well as AIDS- counteracting and reparative-regenerative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kurek-Górecka
- Silesian Medical College in Katowice, Mickiewicza 29, Katowice 40-085, Poland; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-605-599-123; Fax: +48-322-072-705
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Michał Górecki
- Department of Drug Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3A, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Marian Sosada
- Department of Drug Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (M.S.)
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