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Microbiota and Malodor-Etiology and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082886. [PMID: 32326126 PMCID: PMC7215946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that microbiota plays a critical role in physiological processes in humans. However, it might also contribute to body malodor by producing numerous odorous molecules such as ammonia, volatile sulfur compounds or trimethylamine. Although malodor is commonly overlooked by physicians, it constitutes a major problem for many otherwise healthy people. Thus, this review aims to investigate most common causes of malodor and describe potential therapeutic options. We searched PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify the clinical and pre-clinical studies on bad body smell, malodor, halitosis and microbiota. Unpleasant smell might originate from the mouth, skin, urine or reproductive fluids and is usually caused by odorants that are produced by resident bacterial flora. The accumulation of odorous compounds might result from diet, specific composition of microbiota, as well as compromised function of the liver, intestines and kidneys. Evidence-based guidelines for management of body malodor are lacking and no universal treatment exists. However, the alleviation of the symptoms may be achieved by controlling the diet and physical elimination of bacteria and/or accumulated odorants.
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Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Ho HH, Hsieh SH, Kuo YW, Sung HC, Huang CC. Lactobacillus salivarius Subspecies salicinius SA-03 is a New Probiotic Capable of Enhancing Exercise Performance and Decreasing Fatigue. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040545. [PMID: 32283729 PMCID: PMC7232535 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are increasingly being used as a nutritional supplement by athletes to improve exercise performance and reduce post-exercise fatigue. Lactobacillus salivarius is a natural flora in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Lactobacillus salivarius subspecies salicinius (SA-03) is an isolate from the 2008 Olympic women’s 48 kg weightlifting gold medalist’s gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated its beneficial effects on physical fitness. Male ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and orally administered with SA-03 for 4 weeks at 0, 2.05 × 109, 4.10 × 109, or 1.03 × 1010 CFU/kg/day. Results showed that 4 weeks of SA-03 supplementation significantly improved muscle strength and endurance performance, increased hepatic and muscular glycogen storage, and decreased lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels after exercise. These observations suggest that SA-03 could be used as a nutritional supplement to enhance exercise performance and reduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd., Tainan City 74442, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (S.-H.H.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Shih-Hung Hsieh
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd., Tainan City 74442, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (S.-H.H.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Glac Biotech Co. Ltd., Tainan City 74442, Taiwan; (H.-H.H.); (S.-H.H.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Township, Taoyuan City, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.S.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5977) (H.-C.S.); +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.-C.S.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5977) (H.-C.S.); +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.)
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Koleva L, Bovt E, Ataullakhanov F, Sinauridze E. Erythrocytes as Carriers: From Drug Delivery to Biosensors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E276. [PMID: 32197542 PMCID: PMC7151026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery using natural biological carriers, especially erythrocytes, is a rapidly developing field. Such erythrocytes can act as carriers that prolong the drug's action due to its gradual release from the carrier; as bioreactors with encapsulated enzymes performing the necessary reactions, while remaining inaccessible to the immune system and plasma proteases; or as a tool for targeted drug delivery to target organs, primarily to cells of the reticuloendothelial system, liver and spleen. To date, erythrocytes have been studied as carriers for a wide range of drugs, such as enzymes, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antiviral drugs, etc., and for diagnostic purposes (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging). The review focuses only on drugs loaded inside erythrocytes, defines the main lines of research for erythrocytes with bioactive substances, as well as the advantages and limitations of their application. Particular attention is paid to in vivo studies, opening-up the potential for the clinical use of drugs encapsulated into erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Koleva
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Bovt
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Fazoil Ataullakhanov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, build. 2, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena Sinauridze
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
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LeBegue CE, Love BL, Wyatt MD. Microbes as Drugs: The Potential of Pharmabiotics. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:102-106. [PMID: 31863487 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé E LeBegue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Bryan L Love
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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55
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Okovityi SV, Shustov EB. [Ornitine-dependent mechanisms of muscle fatigue correction and recovery from physical activity]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2020; 97:74-83. [PMID: 32687304 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20209704174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The article analyzes the literature data characterizing modern concepts of the mechanisms of muscle fatigue and metabolic features of recovery processes after exhausting loads. The significance of transient hyperammonium in the formation of the developed complex of fatigue manifestations in the central and peripheral links of motor units, its pathogenetic links with oxygen debt, lactacidosis, violation of ATP resynthesis, deficiency of energy-supplying substrates in working skeletal muscles, damage to muscle fibre structures, and dysfunction of various parts of the CNS is shown. The necessity of correction of hyperammoniemia associated with physical activity has been confirmed to reduce the speed of formation and expression of fatigue feeling, to reduce the risks of development of fatigue and overtraining states in sportsmen and to ensure effective course of recovery processes after exhausting physical activity. It was revealed that ornithine-containing preparations can be used for correction of post-load hyperammonium and acceleration of recovery processes. The data characterizing the high efficiency of L-ornitine-L-aspartate in sports medicine practice are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Okovityi
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E B Shustov
- Institute of Toxicology FMBA of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Zhang H, Jin Y, Wang M, Loor JJ, Wang H. N-Carbamylglutamate and l-arginine supplementation improve hepatic antioxidant status in intrauterine growth-retarded suckling lambs. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11173-11181. [PMID: 35495302 PMCID: PMC9050450 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09316h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of dietary supplementation of l-arginine (Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on the hepatic antioxidant status in intrauterine-growth-retarded (IUGR) suckling lambs remains unclear. The current work aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms whereby dietary Arg or NCG alter hepatic antioxidant status in suckling lambs suffering from IUGR. Forty-eight newborn Hu lambs of normal birth weight (CON) and IUGR were allocated randomly into four groups of 12 animals each: CON (4.25 ± 0.14 kg), IUGR (3.01 ± 0.12 kg), IUGR + 1% Arg (2.99 ± 0.13 kg), or IUGR + 0.1% NCG (3.03 ± 0.11 kg). All lambs were raised for a period of 21 days from 7 to 28 days after birth. Compared with the IUGR suckling animals, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were greater (P < 0.05), and protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were reduced (P < 0.05) in the livers of both IUGR + 1% Arg and 0.1% NCG suckling animals. Relative to IUGR suckling lambs, supplementing with Arg or NCG markedly reduced (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, apoptosis, and necrosis in liver. Relative to IUGR suckling lambs, protein and mRNA expression of GSH-Px1, SOD2, catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), and epithelial NO synthase (eNOS) increased in IUGR animals receiving Arg or NCG (P < 0.05). Both Arg and NCG can protect neonates from IUGR-induced hepatic oxidative damage through promoting the expression of antioxidative enzymes (including SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px), phase II metabolizing enzymes, and activation of the NO pathway. The influence of dietary supplementation of l-arginine (Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on the hepatic antioxidant status in intrauterine-growth-retarded (IUGR) suckling lambs remains unclear.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Jin
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- P. R. China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- P. R. China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences
- University of Illinois
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- P. R. China
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Gerasimidis K, Bryden K, Chen X, Papachristou E, Verney A, Roig M, Hansen R, Nichols B, Papadopoulou R, Parrett A. The impact of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the human gut microbiome and its fibre fermentation capacity. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:3213-3230. [PMID: 31853641 PMCID: PMC7501109 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the effect of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the gut microbiome and fibre fermentation capacity. Methods Faecal samples from 13 healthy volunteers were fermented in batch cultures with food additives (maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, polysorbate-80, carrageenan-kappa, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate, sodium sulphite, titanium dioxide), sweeteners (aspartame-based sweetener, sucralose, stevia) and domestic hygiene products (toothpaste and dishwashing detergent). Short-chain fatty acid production was measured with gas chromatography. Microbiome composition was characterised with 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Acetic acid increased in the presence of maltodextrin and the aspartame-based sweetener and decreased with dishwashing detergent or sodium sulphite. Propionic acid increased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 and butyrate decreased dramatically with cinnamaldehyde and dishwashing detergent. Branched-chain fatty acids decreased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate and dishwashing detergent. Microbiome Shannon α-diversity increased with stevia and decreased with dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde. Sucralose, cinnamaldehyde, titanium dioxide, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent shifted microbiome community structure; the effects were most profound with dishwashing detergent (R2 = 43.9%, p = 0.008) followed by cinnamaldehyde (R2 = 12.8%, p = 0.016). Addition of dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde increased the abundance of operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) belonging to Escherichia/Shigella and Klebsiella and decreased members of Firmicutes, including OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Addition of sucralose and carrageenan-kappa also increased the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and sucralose, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 did likewise to Bilophila. Polysorbate-80 decreased the abundance of OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Similar effects were observed with the concentration of major bacterial groups using qPCR. In addition, maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener and sodium benzoate promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium whereas sodium sulphite, carrageenan-kappa, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent had an inhibitory effect. Conclusions This study improves understanding of how additives might affect the gut microbiota composition and its fibre metabolic activity with many possible implications for human health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-02161-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK.
| | - Katie Bryden
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Xiufen Chen
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Eleftheria Papachristou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Anais Verney
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Marine Roig
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Richard Hansen
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Ben Nichols
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Rodanthi Papadopoulou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Alison Parrett
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
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Allegri G, Deplazes S, Rimann N, Causton B, Scherer T, Leff JW, Diez-Fernandez C, Klimovskaia A, Fingerhut R, Krijt J, Kožich V, Nuoffer JM, Grisch-Chan HM, Thöny B, Häberle J. Comprehensive characterization of ureagenesis in the spf ash mouse, a model of human ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, reveals age-dependency of ammonia detoxification. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:1064-1076. [PMID: 30714172 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The most common ureagenesis defect is X-linked ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency which is a main target for novel therapeutic interventions. The spf ash mouse model carries a variant (c.386G>A, p.Arg129His) that is also found in patients. Male spf ash mice have a mild biochemical phenotype with low OTC activity (5%-10% of wild-type), resulting in elevated urinary orotic acid but no hyperammonemia. We recently established a dried blood spot method for in vivo quantification of ureagenesis by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using stable isotopes. Here, we applied this assay to wild-type and spf ash mice to assess ureagenesis at different ages. Unexpectedly, we found an age-dependency with a higher capacity for ammonia detoxification in young mice after weaning. A parallel pattern was observed for carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 and OTC enzyme expression and activities, which may act as pacemaker of this ammonia detoxification pathway. Moreover, high ureagenesis in younger mice was accompanied by elevated periportal expression of hepatic glutamine synthetase, another main enzyme required for ammonia detoxification. These observations led us to perform a more extensive analysis of the spf ash mouse in comparison to the wild-type, including characterization of the corresponding metabolites, enzyme activities in the liver and plasma and the gut microbiota. In conclusion, the comprehensive enzymatic and metabolic analysis of ureagenesis performed in the presented depth was only possible in animals. Our findings suggest such analyses being essential when using the mouse as a model and revealed age-dependent activity of ammonia detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Allegri
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sereina Deplazes
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Rimann
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tanja Scherer
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carmen Diez-Fernandez
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Klimovskaia
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Krijt
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hiu M Grisch-Chan
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Häberle
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Al-Sulaiti H, Diboun I, Agha MV, Mohamed FFS, Atkin S, Dömling AS, Elrayess MA, Mazloum NA. Metabolic signature of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Transl Med 2019; 17:348. [PMID: 31640727 PMCID: PMC6805293 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, some obese individuals maintain their insulin sensitivity and exhibit a lower risk of associated comorbidities. The underlying metabolic pathways differentiating obese insulin sensitive (OIS) and obese insulin resistant (OIR) individuals remain unclear. Methods In this study, 107 subjects underwent untargeted metabolomics of serum samples using the Metabolon platform. Thirty-two subjects were lean controls whilst 75 subjects were obese including 20 OIS, 41 OIR, and 14 T2DM individuals. Results Our results showed that phospholipid metabolites including choline, glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphorylcholine were significantly altered from OIS when compared with OIR and T2DM individuals. Furthermore, our data confirmed changes in metabolic markers of liver disease, vascular disease and T2DM, such as 3-hydroxymyristate, dimethylarginine and 1,5-anhydroglucitol, respectively. Conclusion This pilot data has identified phospholipid metabolites as potential novel biomarkers of obesity-associated insulin sensitivity and confirmed the association of known metabolites with increased risk of obesity-associated insulin resistance, with possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Further studies are warranted to confirm these associations in prospective cohorts and to investigate their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Al-Sulaiti
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilhame Diboun
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Stephen Atkin
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland, Bahrain
| | - Alex S Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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The Resveratrol Rice DJ526 Callus Significantly Increases the Lifespan of Drosophila (Resveratrol Rice DJ526 Callus for Longevity). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050983. [PMID: 31036789 PMCID: PMC6567216 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol has gained widespread scientific attention due to its ability to significantly extend the lifespan of yeast. However, research on the efficacy of resveratrol on lifespan extension has yielded mixed results in animal studies, making resveratrol a contentious subject. In our previous work, we reported that transgenic resveratrol rice DJ526 showed unusual health benefits beyond expectations. In this work, we established a callus culture of resveratrol rice DJ526, which contains 180 times more resveratrol than the grain, and found that resveratrol rice callus significantly extended the median lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster by up to 50% compared to the control. The resveratrol rice callus also ameliorated age-dependent symptoms, including locomotive deterioration, body weight gain, eye degeneration, and neurodegeneration of D. melanogaster with age progression. Considering that resveratrol is the most preferred antiaging compound due to its superior safety and proven mechanism against many serious adult diseases, the outstanding efficacy of resveratrol on the longevity of wild-type animals could cast a light on the development of antiaging therapeutic agents.
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Mohammed H, Varoni EM, Cochis A, Cordaro M, Gallenzi P, Patini R, Staderini E, Lajolo C, Rimondini L, Rocchetti V. Oral Dysbiosis in Pancreatic Cancer and Liver Cirrhosis: A Review of the Literature. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6040115. [PMID: 30544974 PMCID: PMC6316311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is naturally colonized by a huge number of different commensal microbial species, in a relatively stable equilibrium. When this microbial community undergoes dysbiosis at any part of the body, it interacts with the innate immune system and results in a poor health status, locally or systemically. Research studies show that bacteria are capable of significantly influencing specific cells of the immune system, resulting in many diseases, including a neoplastic response. Amongst the multiple different types of diseases, pancreatic cancer and liver cirrhosis were significantly considered in this paper, as they are major fatal diseases. Recently, these two diseases were shown to be associated with increased or decreased numbers of certain oral bacterial species. These findings open the way for a broader perception and more specific investigative studies, to better understand the possible future treatment and prevention. This review aims to describe the correlation between oral dysbiosis and both pancreatic cancer and liver cirrhotic diseases, as well as demonstrating the possible diagnostic and treatment modalities, relying on the oral microbiota, itself, as prospective, simple, applicable non-invasive approaches to patients, by focusing on the state of the art. PubMed was electronically searched, using the following key words: "oral microbiota" and "pancreatic cancer" (PC), "liver cirrhosis", "systemic involvement", and "inflammatory mediators". Oral dysbiosis is a common problem related to poor oral or systemic health conditions. Oral pathogens can disseminate to distant body organs via the local, oral blood circulation, or pass through the gastrointestinal tract and enter into the systemic circulation. Once oral pathogens reach an organ, they modify the immune response and stimulate the release of the inflammatory mediators, this results in a disease. Recent studies have reported a correlation between oral dysbiosis and the increased risk of pancreatic and liver diseases and provided evidence of the presence of oral pathogens in diseased organs. The profound impact that microbial communities have on human health, provides a wide domain towards precisely investigating and clearly understanding the mechanism of many diseases, including cancer. Oral microbiota is an essential contributor to health status and imbalance in this community was correlated to oral and systemic diseases. The presence of elevated numbers of certain oral bacteria, particularly P. gingivalis, as well as elevated levels of blood serum antibodies, against this bacterial species, was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer and liver cirrhosis incidence. Attempts are increasingly directed towards investigating the composition of oral microbiome as a simple diagnostic approach in multiple diseases, including pancreatic and liver pathosis. Moreover, treatment efforts are concerned in the recruitment of microbiota, for remedial purposes of the aforementioned and other different diseases. Further investigation is required to confirm and clarify the role of oral microbiota in enhancing pancreatic and liver diseases. Improving the treatment modalities requires an exertion of more effort, especially, concerning the microbiome engineering and oral microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Mohammed
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Fondazione Novara Sviluppo, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Massimo Cordaro
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Gallenzi
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romeo Patini
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Staderini
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Rocchetti
- Fondazione Novara Sviluppo, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Intravenous and Oral Hyperammonemia Management. CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40138-018-0174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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