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Chen L, Deng C, Li J, Yao Q, Chang J, Wang L, Wu C. 3D printing of a lithium-calcium-silicate crystal bioscaffold with dual bioactivities for osteochondral interface reconstruction. Biomaterials 2018; 196:138-150. [PMID: 29643002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to achieve self-healing outcoming for the osteochondral defects caused by degenerative diseases. The simultaneous regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone tissues is an effective therapeutic strategy for osteochondral defects. However, it is challenging to design a single type of bioscaffold with suitable ionic components and beneficial osteo/chondral-stimulation ability for regeneration of osteochondral defects. In this study, we successfully synthesized a pure-phase lithium calcium silicate (Li2Ca4Si4O13, L2C4S4) bioceramic by a sol-gel method, and further prepared L2C4S4 scaffolds by using a 3D-printing method. The compressive strength of L2C4S4 scaffolds could be well controlled in the range of 15-40 MPa when pore size varied from 170 to 400 μm. L2C4S4 scaffolds have been demonstrated to possess controlled biodegradability and good apatite-mineralization ability. At a certain concentration range, the ionic products from L2C4S4 significantly stimulated the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes, as well as promoted the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. L2C4S4 scaffolds simultaneously promoted the regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone as compared to pure β-TCP scaffolds in rabbit osteochondral defects. These findings suggest that 3D-printed L2C4S4 scaffolds with such specific ionic combination, high mechanical strength and good degradability as well as dual bioactivities, represent a promising biomaterial for osteochondral interface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
| | - Cuijun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Digital Medicine Institute, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Hospital, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, PR China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Digital Medicine Institute, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Hospital, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, PR China.
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China.
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Digital Medicine Institute, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Hospital, No. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, PR China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China.
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Pascual-Garrido C, Rodriguez-Fontan F, Aisenbrey EA, Payne KA, Chahla J, Goodrich LR, Bryant SJ. Current and novel injectable hydrogels to treat focal chondral lesions: Properties and applicability. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:64-75. [PMID: 28975658 PMCID: PMC5839960 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Focal chondral lesions and early osteoarthritis (OA) are responsible for progressive joint pain and disability in millions of people worldwide, yet there is currently no surgical joint preservation treatment available to fully restore the long term functionality of cartilage. Limitations of current treatments for cartilage defects have prompted the field of cartilage tissue engineering, which seeks to integrate engineering and biological principles to promote the growth of new cartilage to replace damaged tissue. Toward improving cartilage repair, hydrogel design has advanced in recent years to improve their utility. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as a promising scaffold due to their wide range of properties, the ability to encapsulate cells within the material, and their ability to provide cues for cell differentiation. Some of these advances include the development of improved control over in situ gelation (e.g., light), new techniques to process hydrogels (e.g., multi-layers), and better incorporation of biological signals (e.g., immobilization, controlled release, and tethering). This review summarises the innovative approaches to engineer injectable hydrogels toward cartilage repair. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:64-75, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Aisenbrey
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Boulder, CO
| | - Karin A. Payne
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Stephanie J. Bryant
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Boulder, CO
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Li H, Hu C, Yu H, Chen C. Chitosan composite scaffolds for articular cartilage defect repair: a review. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3736-3749. [PMID: 35542907 PMCID: PMC9077838 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11593h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) defects lack the ability to self-repair due to their avascular nature and the declined mitotic ability of mature chondrocytes. To date, cartilage tissue engineering using implanted scaffolds containing cells or growth factors is the most promising defect repair method. Scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering have been comprehensively researched. As a promising scaffold biomaterial for AC defect repair, the properties of chitosan are summarized in this review. Strategies to composite chitosan with other materials, such as polymers (including collagen, gelatin, alginate, silk fibroin, poly-caprolactone, and poly-lactic acid) and bioceramics (including calcium phosphate, calcium polyphosphate, and hydroxyapatite) are presented. Methods to manufacture three-dimensional porous structures to support cell attachment and nutriment exchange have also been included. Properties of chitosan/polymer and chitosan/bioceramic composite scaffolds for articular cartilage defect repair are reviewed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University
- Shenzhen 518057
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Shandong University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University
- Shenzhen 518057
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Huijun Yu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University
- Shenzhen 518057
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Shandong University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chuanzhong Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University
- Shenzhen 518057
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
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Kim HD, Lee Y, Kim Y, Hwang Y, Hwang NS. Biomimetically Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Hybrid Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E655. [PMID: 30965950 PMCID: PMC6418829 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage has a very limited regeneration capacity. Therefore, injury or degeneration of articular cartilage results in an inferior mechanical stability, load-bearing capacity, and lubrication capability. Here, we developed a biomimetic scaffold consisting of macroporous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges as a platform material for the incorporation of cell-embedded photocrosslinkable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), PEGDA-methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (PEGDA-MeCS; PCS), or PEGDA-methacrylated hyaluronic acid (PEGDA-MeHA; PHA) within its pores to improve in vitro chondrocyte functions and subsequent in vivo ectopic cartilage tissue formation. Our findings demonstrated that chondrocytes encapsulated in PCS or PHA and loaded into macroporous PVA hybrid scaffolds maintained their physiological phenotypes during in vitro culture, as shown by the upregulation of various chondrogenic genes. Further, the cell-secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) improved the mechanical properties of the PVA-PCS and PVA-PHA hybrid scaffolds by 83.30% and 73.76%, respectively, compared to their acellular counterparts. After subcutaneous transplantation in vivo, chondrocytes on both PVA-PCS and PVA-PHA hybrid scaffolds significantly promoted ectopic cartilage tissue formation, which was confirmed by detecting cells positively stained with Safranin-O and for type II collagen. Consequently, the mechanical properties of the hybrid scaffolds were biomimetically reinforced by 80.53% and 210.74%, respectively, compared to their acellular counterparts. By enabling the recapitulation of biomimetically relevant structural and functional properties of articular cartilage and the regulation of in vivo mechanical reinforcement mediated by cell⁻matrix interactions, this biomimetic material offers an opportunity to control the desired mechanical properties of cell-laden scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan D Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yunsup Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yunhye Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea.
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea.
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea.
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea.
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- The BioMax Institute of Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Lee S, Lee K, Kim SH, Jung Y. Enhanced Cartilaginous Tissue Formation with a Cell Aggregate-Fibrin-Polymer Scaffold Complex. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E348. [PMID: 30971025 PMCID: PMC6418534 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell density is one of the factors required in the preparation of engineered cartilage from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Additionally, it is well known for having a significant role in chemical and physical stimulations when stem cells undergo chondrogenic differentiation. Here, we developed an engineered cartilage with a cell aggregate-hydrogel-polymer scaffold complex capable of inducing the effective regeneration of cartilage tissue similar to natural cartilage while retaining a high mechanical strength, flexibility, and morphology. Cell aggregates were generated by the hanging drop method with rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and poly (lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds were fabricated with 78.3 ± 5.3% porosity and a 300⁻500 μm pore size with a gel-pressing method. We prepared the cell aggregate-fibrin-poly (lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffold complex, in which the cell aggregates were evenly dispersed in the fibrin, and they were immobilized onto the surface of the polymer scaffold while filling up the pores. To examine the chondrogenic differentiation of seeded BMSCs and the formation of chondral extracellular matrix onto the complexes, they were cultured in vitro or subcutaneously implanted into nude mice for up to eight weeks. The results of the in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the accumulation of the chondral extracellular matrices was increased on the cell aggregate-fibrin-PLCL scaffold complexes (CAPs) compared to the single cell-fibrin-PLCL scaffold complexes (SCPs). Additionally, we examined whether the mature and well-developed cartilaginous tissues and lacunae structures typical of mature cartilage were evenly distributed in the CAPs. Consequently, the cell aggregates in the hybrid scaffolds of fibrin gels and elastic PLCL scaffolds can induce themselves to differentiate into chondrocytes, maintain their phenotypes, enhance glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, and improve the quality of cartilaginous tissue formed in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-Gil, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Korea.
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-Gil, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-Gil, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
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