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Fabi JP, do Prado SBR. Fast and Furious: Ethylene-Triggered Changes in the Metabolism of Papaya Fruit During Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:535. [PMID: 31105730 PMCID: PMC6497978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Papaya is a climacteric fleshy fruit characterized by fast ripening after harvest. During the relatively short postharvest period, papaya fruit undergoes several changes in metabolism that result in pulp softening and sweetening, as well as the development of a characteristic aroma. Since papaya is one of the most cultivated and appreciated tropical fruit crops worldwide, extensive research has been conducted to not only understand the formation of the quality and nutritional attributes of ripe fruit but also to develop methods for controlling the ripening process. However, most strategies to postpone papaya ripening, and therefore to increase shelf life, have failed to maintain fruit quality. Ethylene blockage precludes carotenoid biosynthesis, while cold storage can induce chilling injury and negatively affect the volatile profile of papaya. As a climacteric fruit, the fast ripening of papaya is triggered by ethylene biosynthesis. The generation of the climacteric ethylene positive feedback loop is elicited by the expression of a specific transcription factor that leads to an up-regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC-oxidase (ACO) expression, triggering the system II ethylene biosynthesis. The ethylene burst occurs about 3 to 4 days after harvest and induces pectinase expression. The disassembling of the papaya cell wall appears to help in fruit sweetness, while glucose and fructose are also produced by acidic invertases. The increase in ethylene production also results in carotenoid accumulation due to the induction of cyclases and hydroxylases, leading to yellow and red/orange-colored pulp phenotypes. Moreover, the production of volatile terpene linalool, an important biological marker for papaya's sensorial quality, is also induced by ethylene. All these mentioned processes are related to papaya's sensorial and nutritional quality. We describe the understanding of ethylene-triggered events that influence papaya quality and nutritional traits, as these characteristics are a consequence of an accelerated metabolism during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Bernardino Ramos do Prado
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
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Farmanesh A, Mohtasebi SS, Omid M. Optimization of rendering process of poultry by-products with batch cooker model monitored by electronic nose. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 235:194-201. [PMID: 30682672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The best available controlled technology for transforming the disposal of animal by-products and mortalities is rendering. Two aspects of rendering process are mentioned in this research; product quality and emissions. A model of batch cooker with temperature, pressure and agitator speed controllers was designed and developed in order to optimize the process and to investigate the effect of changes in rendering conditions on quality of poultry by-product meal and also on pollutant emissions. An electronic nose system was designed and built based on metal oxide semiconductor sensors to monitor the gases emitted from batch cooker model. Also, GC-MS was used to identify the emitted components. In order to optimize the rendering process, response surface methodology was performed on temperature, cooking time and agitator speed variables. Results showed that the temperature of 140 °C (internal pressure equivalent to about 3.2 bar), the cooking time of 45 min and the agitator speed of 20 rpm optimized the process of batch cooking to maximize the percentage of protein and minimize the percentage of fat, moisture content, energy consumption and emission of pollutants. By GC-MS analysis, about 100 compounds include hydrocarbons, volatile fatty acids, sulfur-containing compounds, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and furans were observed in the emission of a batch cooker model. The major groups were organic acids and amides. Principle component analysis showed the most suitable sensors for detecting unpleasant odors from rendering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farmanesh
- Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeid Mohtasebi
- Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Omid
- Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
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Cerium Oxide-Tungsten Oxide Core-Shell Nanowire-Based Microsensors Sensitive to Acetone. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040116. [PMID: 30477177 PMCID: PMC6316039 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensitive cerium oxide-tungsten oxide core-shell nanowires are synthesized and integrated directly into micromachined platforms via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition. Tests to various volatile organic compounds (acetone, ethanol, and toluene) involved in early disease diagnosis demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to acetone for the core-shell structures in contrast to the non-modified materials (i.e., only tungsten oxide or cerium oxide). This is attributed to the high density of oxygen vacancy defects at the shell, as well as the formation of heterojunctions at the core-shell interface, which provide the modified nanowires with ‘extra’ chemical and electronic sensitization as compared to the non-modified materials.
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54
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Bieganowski A, Józefaciuk G, Bandura L, Guz Ł, Łagód G, Franus W. Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Soil Pollution Using E-Nose. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18082463. [PMID: 30061490 PMCID: PMC6111446 DOI: 10.3390/s18082463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of detecting low levels of soil pollution by petroleum fuel using an electronic nose (e-nose) was studied. An attempt to distinguish between pollution caused by petrol and diesel oil, and its relation to the time elapsed since the pollution event was simultaneously performed. Ten arable soils, belonging to various soil groups from the World Reference Base (WRB), were investigated. The measurements were performed on soils that were moistened to field capacity, polluted separately with both hydrocarbons, and then allowed to dry slowly over a period of 180 days. The volatile fingerprints differed throughout the course of the experiment, and, by its end, they were similar to those of the unpolluted soils. Principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis showed that the e-nose results could be used to detect soil contamination and distinguish between pollutants and contamination levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bieganowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Józefaciuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Lidia Bandura
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Guz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Łagód
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Franus
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
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Mella VSA, Possell M, Troxell-Smith SM, McArthur C. Visit, consume and quit: Patch quality affects the three stages of foraging. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1615-1626. [PMID: 29995984 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Foraging is a three-stage process during which animals visit patches, consume food and quit. Foraging theory exploring relative patch quality has mostly focused on patch use and quitting decisions, ignoring the first crucial step for any forager: finding food. Yet, the decision to visit a patch is just as important as the decision to quit, as quitting theories can only be used if animals visit patches in the first place. Therefore, to better understand the foraging process and predict its outcomes, it is necessary to explore its three stages together. We used the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) as a model to investigate foraging decisions in response to food varying in quality. In particular, we tested whether patch nutritional quality affected the following: (1) patch visits; (2) behaviours at the patch during a foraging visit; and (3) patch quitting decisions (quantified using giving up density-GUD). Free-ranging possums were presented with diets varying in nitrogen content and concomitantly volatile organic compound (VOC) composition at feeding stations in the wild. We found that possums were able to distinguish between different quality foods from afar, despite the location of the diets changed daily. Possums used VOC (i.e. odour cues) emitted by the diets to find and select patches from a distance. High-quality diets with higher protein and lower fibre were visited more often and for longer. Possums spent more time foraging on diets high in nutritional content, resulting in lower GUDs. Our study provides important quantitative evidence that foraging efficiency plays out during all the three stages of the foraging process (i.e. visit, consume and quit), and demonstrates the significance of considering all these stages together in future studies and foraging models. Sensory cues such as food odours play a critical role in helping foragers, including mammalian herbivores, find high-quality food. This allows foragers to make quick, accurate and important decisions about food patches well before patch quitting decisions come into play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina S A Mella
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm Possell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra M Troxell-Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Clare McArthur
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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56
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Brezolin AN, Martinazzo J, Muenchen DK, de Cezaro AM, Rigo AA, Steffens C, Steffens J, Blassioli-Moraes MC, Borges M. Tools for detecting insect semiochemicals: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4091-4108. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Badach J, Kolasińska P, Paciorek M, Wojnowski W, Dymerski T, Gębicki J, Dymnicka M, Namieśnik J. A case study of odour nuisance evaluation in the context of integrated urban planning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:417-424. [PMID: 29505997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Odour nuisance poses a serious problem in many urban areas, yet its evaluation and mitigation is often omitted in the urban planning process. By identifying its range and spatio-temporal variations, it could be taken into consideration by planners in urban development strategies and land use decisions. The aim of the study was to present the application of odour evaluation techniques in the improvement of the quality of life in the built environment. The problem of odours is discussed in regard to human health, social aspects and current practices in the management of spatial development. The application possibilities of field olfactometry are demonstrated based on a case study of a municipal landfill which is a major source of odour nuisance for the adjacent areas. The results of odour nuisance measurements were field olfactometry combined with topographical and meteorological data. Using dispersion modelling (non-steady-state Lagrangian Gaussian puff model CALPUFF with dedicated meteorological pre-processor CALMET) it was possible to calculate odour concentrations and to place the measured odour concentrations in a specific spatial context. The obtained results were juxtaposed with local development strategies and discussed in the context of environmental-based planning. We suggest that odour evaluation and dispersion modelling are valid tools in managing the dynamics of urban growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Badach
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban Design and Regional Planning, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paulina Kolasińska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Wojnowski
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dymnicka
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban Design and Regional Planning, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
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58
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Blanco-Rodríguez A, Camara VF, Campo F, Becherán L, Durán A, Vieira VD, de Melo H, Garcia-Ramirez AR. Development of an electronic nose to characterize odours emitted from different stages in a wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 134:92-100. [PMID: 29407655 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants have widely been described as a significant source of odour nuisance, which has led to an increase of neighbourhood complaints. Therefore, to mitigate the negative impact of odours, the detection and analysis of these emissions are required. This paper presents a measurement system based on an electronic nose for quantitative and qualitative odour analysis of samples collected from six different stages on a wastewater plant. Hence, two features vectors were performed in order to represent quantitative trends of the gaseous mixture sampled on the facility. In addition, odour fingerprints and a PCA were computed to discriminate odours from its sources and to detect relationships among the samples. This approach also comprises a dynamic dilution olfactometer. A PLS regression model was performed to predict the odour concentration by the electronic nose in term of odour units per cubic meter. The results show that the developed electronic nose is a promising and feasible instrument to characterize odours from wastewater plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Blanco-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Air Quality Control (LCQAr), Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (ENS), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernando Campo
- Centro Em Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e Do Mar (CTTMar), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Liliam Becherán
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (IMRE), University of Havana, 10400, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Alejandro Durán
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (IMRE), University of Havana, 10400, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Vitor Debatin Vieira
- Laboratório de Eletroforese Capilar (LabEC), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Henrique de Melo
- Laboratory of Air Quality Control (LCQAr), Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (ENS), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Alejandro Rafael Garcia-Ramirez
- Centro Em Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e Do Mar (CTTMar), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
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60
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Zhang X, Cheng J, Wu L, Mei Y, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Guo Z. An overview of an artificial nose system. Talanta 2018; 184:93-102. [PMID: 29674088 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review describes recent advances in the development of an artificial nose system based on olfactory receptors and various sensing platforms. The kind of artificial nose, the production of olfactory receptors, the sensor platform for signal conversion and the application of the artificial nose system based on olfactory receptors and various sensing platforms are presented. The associated transduction modes are also discussed. The paper presents a review of the latest achievements and a critical evaluation of the state of the art in the field of artificial nose systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yong Mei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR-CNRS 5280, University of Lyon, 5, La Doua Street, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
| | - Zhenzhong Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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61
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Kamrava SK, Jalessi M, Ebrahimnejad S, Ghalehbaghi S, Amini E, Asghari A, Rafiei F, Farhadi M. Evaluation of Culturally-Familiar Odorants for a Persian Smell Identification Test. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2018; 30:19-25. [PMID: 29387660 PMCID: PMC5787651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Processing odor information by the olfactory system depends greatly on the odor concentration. In order to use an odorant in a smell identification test (SIT), the minimum identification concentration (MIC) needs to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in 60 healthy native individuals aged 20 to 60 years, selected from patients' companions in a tertiary hospital. In the first step, 25 odorants were presented to evaluate familiarity among the subjects. Then, the MICs for the eligible odorants were measured using the ascending method of limits. RESULTS Out of 25 odorants, only one (cacao) was distinguished by less than 70% of the subjects, and was therefore removed from the list. The MICs of the remaining 24 odorants ranged from 6.87±2.74% for menthol to 27.62±18.98% for cantaloupe. There was significant correlation between age and the MIC only for coffee (P=0.02, r=-0.300). There was a significant difference in MIC between men and women only for hazelnut (P=0.03). CONCLUSION We present the MICs of 24 culturally-familiar odorants in a sample of the Persian population in a SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Ebrahimnejad
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahand Ghalehbaghi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Amini
- Skull Base Research Center, ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhad Rafiei
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Raoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Prišenk J, Turk J, Rozman Č, Pažek K, Janžekovič M. Feasibility analysis of different bedding materials for horses. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1403919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Prišenk
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Turk
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Črtomir Rozman
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Karmen Pažek
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Janžekovič
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoče, Slovenia
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Different Ways to Apply a Measurement Instrument of E-Nose Type to Evaluate Ambient Air Quality with Respect to Odour Nuisance in a Vicinity of Municipal Processing Plants. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112671. [PMID: 29156597 PMCID: PMC5712908 DOI: 10.3390/s17112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review paper presents different ways to apply a measurement instrument of e-nose type to evaluate ambient air with respect to detection of the odorants characterized by unpleasant odour in a vicinity of municipal processing plants. An emphasis was put on the following applications of the electronic nose instruments: monitoring networks, remote controlled robots and drones as well as portable devices. Moreover, this paper presents commercially available sensors utilized in the electronic noses and characterized by the limit of quantification below 1 ppm v/v, which is close to the odour threshold of some odorants. Additionally, information about bioelectronic noses being a possible alternative to electronic noses and their principle of operation and application potential in the field of air evaluation with respect to detection of the odorants characterized by unpleasant odour was provided.
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64
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Volatile Organic Compounds: Upcoming Role in Diagnosis of Invasive Mould Infections. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-017-0284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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65
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Byliński H, Kolasińska P, Dymerski T, Gębicki J, Namieśnik J. Determination of odour concentration by TD-GC×GC-TOF-MS and field olfactometry techniques. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017; 148:1651-1659. [PMID: 28824205 PMCID: PMC5541126 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Field olfactometry is one of the sensory techniques used to determine odour concentration, in atmospheric air, directly in emission sources. A two-dimensional gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometer (GC×GC-TOF-MS) allows performing the chemical characterization of various groups of chemical compounds, even in complex mixtures. Application of these techniques enabled determination of odour concentration level in atmospheric air in a vicinity of the oil refinery and the neighbouring wastewater treatment plant. The atmospheric air samples were analysed during a time period extending from February to June 2016. Based on the GC×GC-TOF-MS analysis and odour threshold values, the theoretical odour concentrations were calculated and compared with the odour concentrations determined by field olfactometry technique. The investigations revealed that higher values of odour concentration were obtained with the field olfactometry technique where odour analysis was based on holistic measurement. It was observed that the measurement site or meteorological conditions had significant influence on odour concentration level. The paper also discusses the fundamental analytical instruments utilized in the analysis of odorous compounds and their mixtures. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Byliński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Kolasińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Eusebio L, Derudi M, Capelli L, Nano G, Sironi S. Assessment of the Indoor Odour Impact in a Naturally Ventilated Room. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040778. [PMID: 28379190 PMCID: PMC5422051 DOI: 10.3390/s17040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Indoor air quality influences people’s lives, potentially affecting their health and comfort. Nowadays, ventilation is the only technique commonly used for regulating indoor air quality. CO2 is the reference species considered in order to calculate the air exchange rates of indoor environments. Indeed, regarding air quality, the presence of pleasant or unpleasant odours can strongly influence the environmental comfort. In this paper, a case study of indoor air quality monitoring is reported. The indoor field tests were conducted measuring both CO2 concentration, using a photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer, and odour trends, using an electronic nose, in order to analyze and compare the information acquired. The indoor air monitoring campaign was run for a period of 20 working days into a university room. The work was focused on the determination of both CO2 and odour emission factors (OEF) emitted by the human activity and on the evaluation of the odour impact in a naturally ventilated room. The results highlighted that an air monitoring and recycling system based only on CO2 concentration and temperature measurements might be insufficient to ensure a good indoor air quality, whereas its performances could be improved by integrating the existing systems with an electronic nose for odour detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Eusebio
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Derudi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Laura Capelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Nano
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Selena Sironi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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67
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Mirasoli M, Gotti R, Di Fusco M, Basaglia G, Fiori J, Roda A. Efficacy of a titanium dioxide nanoparticles - based indoor anti-odor product as assessed by electronic nose and gaschromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:236-241. [PMID: 28336003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollutants and odorants may have psychological and physical impact on exposed individuals and the unpleasant room air is considered as one of the factors associated with sick building syndrome comprising general symptoms such as headache and lethargy. Approaches for improving the quality of indoor air are thus important as support for human health and well-being. Photo-oxidation catalyzed by titanium dioxide (TiO2), is one of the methods used for elimination of volatile organic compounds, which are the cause of odor nuisance in indoor and outdoor air. In the present investigation, the efficacy of an experimental anti-odor air freshener based on TiO2 nanoparticles was estimated by testing its ability in removing from a small air chamber (200mL) the odor of triethylamine solutions (50μL at concentrations between 0.700 to 700mM), used as a model volatile molecule for simulating fish-like unpleasant indoor environment. The evaluation was performed by electronic nose which provided a holistic and objective data on the efficacy of the product, demonstrating that the effects of triethylamine even at the highest tested concentrations can be completely removed by application of 3.0g of the product at 25% TiO2 nanoparticles concentration. The obtained results were confirmed by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis addressed to the quantitative determination of residual triethylamine in the environment after treatment by the anti-odor product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology (CIRI-MAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology (CIRI-MAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Fusco
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology (CIRI-MAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Basaglia
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology (CIRI-MAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology (CIRI-MAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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68
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Luciano A, Torretta V, Mancini G, Eleuteri A, Raboni M, Viotti P. The modelling of odour dispersion as a support tool for the improvements of high odours impact plants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:588-597. [PMID: 27384238 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1205146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two scenarios in terms of odour impact assessment were studied during the phase of upgrading of an existing waste treatment plant: CALPUFF was used for the simulation of odour dispersion. Olfactometric measures, carried out over different periods and different positions in the plant, were used for model calibration. Results from simulations were reported in terms of statistics of odour concentrations and isopleths maps of the 98th percentile of the hourly peak concentrations, as requested from the European legislation and standards. The excess perception thresholds and emissions were utilized to address the plant upgrade options. The hourly evaluation of odours was performed to determine the most impacting period of the day. An inverse application of the numerical simulation starting from defining the odour threshold at the receptor was made to allow the definition of the required abatement efficiency at the odours source location. Results from the proposed approach confirmed the likelihood to adopt odour dispersion modelling, not only in the authorization phase, but also as a tool for driving technical and managing actions in plant upgrade so to reduce impacts and improve the public acceptance. The upgrade actions in order to achieve the expected efficiency are reported as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Luciano
- a ENEA Italian National Agency for new Technologies , Energy and Sustainable Economic Development , Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Torretta
- b Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences , Insubria University , Varese , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- c Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | | | - Massimo Raboni
- e School of Industrial Engineering , University LIUC-Cattaneo , Castellanza , Italy
| | - Paolo Viotti
- f Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA) , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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69
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Lewkowska P, Cieślik B, Dymerski T, Konieczka P, Namieśnik J. Characteristics of odors emitted from municipal wastewater treatment plant and methods for their identification and deodorization techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:573-586. [PMID: 27591529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Odors emitted from municipal wastewater treatment plants belong to a group of pollutants, which is the main cause of people complaining about atmospheric air quality. The limitation of emissions of unpleasant odors generated by wastewater treatment plants by using appropriate deodorization methods is omitted on numerous occasions. This can have a negative influence on public trust and the quality of atmospheric air. The article presents basic information on the characteristics of odors from wastewater treatment lines and wastewater processing and management lines in a model biological wastewater treatment plant conducting the biogas recovery process and also information is provided on deodorization methods, such as odor masking, biofiltration, thermal disposal and diffusion through activated sludge dedicated to neutralization of odors in biological treatment plants. The main focus is on the field olfactometry technique, which is one of the tools used in environmental protection. Its application facilitates performance of tests concerning the assessment of olfactory properties of odorants in polluted air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Lewkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Cieślik
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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70
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Wasilewski T, Gębicki J, Kamysz W. Bioelectronic nose: Current status and perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:480-494. [PMID: 27592240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of human and animal organs of smell is the ability to identify hundreds of thousands of odours. It is accompanied by particular smell sensations, which are a basic source of information about odour mixture. The main structural elements of biological smell systems are the olfactory receptors. Small differences in a structure of odorous molecules (odorants) can lead to significant change of odour, which is due to the fact that each of the olfactory receptors is coded with different gene and usually corresponds to different type of odour. Discovery and characterisation of the gene family coding the olfactory receptors contributed to the elaboration and development of the electronic smell systems, the so-called bioelectronic noses. The olfactory receptors are employed as a biological element in this type of instruments. An electronic system includes a converter part, which allows measurement and processing of generated signals. A suitable data analysis system is also required to visualise the results. Application potentialities of the bioelectronic noses are focused on the fields of economy and science where highly selective and sensitive analysis of odorous substances is required. The paper presents a review of the latest achievements and critical evaluation of the state of art in the field of bioelectronic noses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wasilewski
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Al. Hallera 107, Gdansk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Al. Hallera 107, Gdansk 80-416, Poland
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71
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Lotfivand N, Abdolzadeh V, Hamidon MN. Artificial olfactory system with fault-tolerant sensor array. ISA TRANSACTIONS 2016; 63:425-435. [PMID: 27038885 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous applications of artificial olfaction resulting from research in many branches of sciences have caused considerable interest in the enhancement of these systems. In this paper, we offer an architecture which is suitable for critical applications, such as medical diagnosis, where reliability and precision are deemed important. The proposed architecture is able to tolerate failures in the sensors of the array. In this study, the discriminating ability of the proposed architecture in detecting complex odors, as well as the performance of the proposed architecture in encountering sensor failure, were investigated and compared with the generic architecture. The results demonstrated that by applying the proposed architecture in the artificial olfactory system, the performance of system in the healthy mode was identical to the classic structure. However, in the faulty situation, the proposed architecture implied high identification ability of odor samples, while the generic architecture showed very poor performance in the same situation. Based on the results, it was possible to achieve high odor identification through the developed artificial olfactory system using the proposed architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Lotfivand
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Vida Abdolzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohd Nizar Hamidon
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia,43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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72
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Gebicki J. Application of electrochemical sensors and sensor matrixes for measurement of odorous chemical compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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73
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Brattoli M, Mazzone A, Giua R, Assennato G, de Gennaro G. Automated Collection of Real-Time Alerts of Citizens as a Useful Tool to Continuously Monitor Malodorous Emissions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030263. [PMID: 26927148 PMCID: PMC4808926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of odor emissions and dispersion is a very arduous topic to face; the real-time monitoring of odor emissions, the identification of chemical components and, with proper certainty, the source of annoyance represent a challenge for stakeholders such as local authorities. The complaints of people, often not systematic and variously distributed, in general do not allow us to quantify the perceived annoyance. Experimental research has been performed to detect and evaluate olfactory annoyance, based on field testing of an innovative monitoring methodology grounded in automatic recording of citizen alerts. It has been applied in Taranto, in the south of Italy where a relevant industrial area is located, by using Odortel® for automated collection of citizen alerts. To evaluate its reliability, the collection system has been integrated with automated samplers, able to sample odorous air in real time, according to the citizen alerts of annoyance and, moreover, with meteorological data (especially the wind direction) and trends in odor marker compounds, recorded by air quality monitoring stations. The results have allowed us, for the first time, to manage annoyance complaints, test their reliability, and obtain information about the distribution and entity of the odor phenomena, such that we were able to identify, with supporting evidence, the source as an oil refinery plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Brattoli
- Apulia Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection, Corso Trieste 27, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Mazzone
- Apulia Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection, Corso Trieste 27, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Giua
- Apulia Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection, Corso Trieste 27, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Assennato
- Apulia Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection, Corso Trieste 27, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi de Gennaro
- Apulia Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection, Corso Trieste 27, 70126 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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74
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Gebicki J, Dymerski T. Application of Chemical Sensors and Sensor Matrixes to Air Quality Evaluation. THE QUALITY OF AIR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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75
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Gebicki J, Byliński H, Namieśnik J. Measurement techniques for assessing the olfactory impact of municipal sewage treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:32. [PMID: 26670041 PMCID: PMC4679812 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study presents information about the measurement techniques used for the assessment of air quality in terms of the olfactory intensity resulting from the operation of municipal sewage treatment plants. Advantages and disadvantages of the measurement techniques used are presented. Sources of malodourous substance emission from sewage treatment plants were described, and the malodourous substances emitted were characterised. Trends in development of analysis and monitoring of the malodourous substances in the air were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Gebicki
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Hubert Byliński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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76
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Zhao Y, Lu W, Wang H. Volatile trace compounds released from municipal solid waste at the transfer stage: Evaluation of environmental impacts and odour pollution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:695-701. [PMID: 26292056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Odour pollution caused by municipal solid waste is a public concern. This study quantitatively evaluated the concentration, environmental impacts, and olfaction of volatile trace compounds released from a waste transfer station. Seventy-six compounds were detected, and ethanol presented the highest releasing rate and ratio of 14.76 kg/d and 12.30 g/t of waste, respectively. Life cycle assessment showed that trichlorofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane accounted for more than 99% of impact potentials to global warming and approximately 70% to human toxicity (non-carcinogenic). The major contributor for both photochemical ozone formation and ecotoxicity was ethanol. A detection threshold method was also used to evaluate odour pollution. Five compounds including methane thiol, hydrogen sulphide, ethanol, dimethyl disulphide, and dimethyl sulphide, with dilution multiples above one, were considered the critical compounds. Methane thiol showed the highest contribution to odour pollution of more than 90%, as indicated by its low threshold. Comparison of the contributions of the compounds to different environmental aspects indicated that typical pollutants varied based on specific evaluation targets and therefore should be comprehensively considered. This study provides important information and scientific methodology to elucidate the impacts of odourant compounds to the environment and odour pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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77
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Regueiro J, Negreira N, Simal-Gándara J. Challenges in relating concentrations of aromas and tastes with flavor features of foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2112-2127. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1048775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Regueiro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Food Science and Technology Faculty, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Noelia Negreira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Food Science and Technology Faculty, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
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78
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Mitsuno H, Sakurai T, Namiki S, Mitsuhashi H, Kanzaki R. Novel cell-based odorant sensor elements based on insect odorant receptors. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 65:287-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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79
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Hayes JE, Stevenson RJ, Stuetz RM. The impact of malodour on communities: a review of assessment techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 500-501:395-407. [PMID: 25247251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Malodours remain the biggest source of complaints regarding environmental issues. This factor is likely to increase, as the urban development steadily encroaches into areas that have malodourous emitting industries (such as wastewater and waste management operations and intensive livestock practices), and has the potential to be both time and fiscally expensive. Despite the enormous amount of research involved in odour detection and abatement, as well as the creation of several distinct methodologies, there has yet been no definitive procedure to evaluate odour impact on communities, as well as community response. This paper is a review of the current methods that explore this problem, as well as a précis of this research field's goals and challenges. The first aim of this review is to illustrate the dichotomy between regulatory-established procedures, such as panellist testing, and methods that are centred around producing a more comprehensive explanation of factors that influence an odour's impact on a community or individual. In that regard, we have addressed several predominant paradigms of inquiry for this field: analytical methods, panellist testing, qualitative research, and survey methods, with associated variants. Secondly, the challenges of measuring and monitoring community impact are discussed. While the quantification of odorants is crucial to appreciating impact, individual-based modifiers of perception have an enormous scope for which to shape the effect of those odours. Perceptual differences are also likely the most dominant variables that influence the elicited behaviour of individuals who have experienced malodour exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hayes
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - R J Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - R M Stuetz
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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80
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Electronic noses for environmental monitoring applications. SENSORS 2014; 14:19979-20007. [PMID: 25347583 PMCID: PMC4279467 DOI: 10.3390/s141119979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronic nose applications in environmental monitoring are nowadays of great interest, because of the instruments' proven capability of recognizing and discriminating between a variety of different gases and odors using just a small number of sensors. Such applications in the environmental field include analysis of parameters relating to environmental quality, process control, and verification of efficiency of odor control systems. This article reviews the findings of recent scientific studies in this field, with particular focus on the abovementioned applications. In general, these studies prove that electronic noses are mostly suitable for the different applications reported, especially if the instruments are specifically developed and fine-tuned. As a general rule, literature studies also discuss the critical aspects connected with the different possible uses, as well as research regarding the development of effective solutions. However, currently the main limit to the diffusion of electronic noses as environmental monitoring tools is their complexity and the lack of specific regulation for their standardization, as their use entails a large number of degrees of freedom, regarding for instance the training and the data processing procedures.
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81
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Vergara A, Benkstein KD, Montgomery C, Semancik S. Demonstration of fast and accurate discrimination and quantification of chemically similar species utilizing a single cross-selective chemiresistor. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6753-7. [PMID: 24931319 PMCID: PMC4215855 DOI: 10.1021/ac501490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Performance characteristics of gas-phase microsensors will determine the ultimate utility of these devices for a wide range of chemical monitoring applications. Commonly employed chemiresistor elements are quite sensitive to selected analytes, and relatively new methods have increased the selectivity to specific compounds, even in the presence of interfering species. Here, we have focused on determining whether purposefully driven temperature modulation can produce faster sensor-response characteristics, which could enable measurements for a broader range of applications involving dynamic compositional analysis. We investigated the response speed of a single chemiresitive In2O3 microhotplate sensor to four analytes (methanol, ethanol, acetone, 2-butanone) by systematically varying the oscillating frequency (semicycle periods of 20-120 ms) of a bilevel temperature cycle applied to the sensing element. It was determined that the fastest response (≈ 9 s), as indicated by a 98% signal-change metric, occurred for a period of 30 ms and that responses under such modulation were dramatically faster than for isothermal operation of the same device (>300 s). Rapid modulation between 150 and 450 °C exerts kinetic control over transient processes, including adsorption, desorption, diffusion, and reaction phenomena, which are important for charge transfer occurring in transduction processes and the observed response times. We also demonstrate that the fastest operation is accompanied by excellent discrimination within a challenging 16-category recognition problem (consisting of the four analytes at four separate concentrations). This critical finding demonstrates that both speed and high discriminatory capabilities can be realized through temperature modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vergara
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8362, United States
- Laboratory of Cellular and Synaptic Neurophysiology, National Institute
of Child Health and Human Development, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kurt D. Benkstein
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8362, United States
| | - Christopher
B. Montgomery
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8362, United States
| | - Steve Semancik
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8362, United States
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82
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Liu B, Kong H, Luo A. A cataluminescence-based vapor-sensitive sensor array for discriminating flammable liquid vapors. Talanta 2014; 121:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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83
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Gas chromatography analysis with olfactometric detection (GC-O) as a useful methodology for chemical characterization of odorous compounds. SENSORS 2013; 13:16759-800. [PMID: 24316571 PMCID: PMC3892869 DOI: 10.3390/s131216759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) technique couples traditional gas chromatographic analysis with sensory detection in order to study complex mixtures of odorous substances and to identify odor active compounds. The GC-O technique is already widely used for the evaluation of food aromas and its application in environmental fields is increasing, thus moving the odor emission assessment from the solely olfactometric evaluations to the characterization of the volatile components responsible for odor nuisance. The aim of this paper is to describe the state of the art of gas chromatography-olfactometry methodology, considering the different approaches regarding the operational conditions and the different methods for evaluating the olfactometric detection of odor compounds. The potentials of GC-O are described highlighting the improvements in this methodology relative to other conventional approaches used for odor detection, such as sensoristic, sensorial and the traditional gas chromatographic methods. The paper also provides an examination of the different fields of application of the GC-O, principally related to fragrances and food aromas, odor nuisance produced by anthropic activities and odorous compounds emitted by materials and medical applications.
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84
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Chiu SW, Tang KT. Towards a chemiresistive sensor-integrated electronic nose: a review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:14214-47. [PMID: 24152879 PMCID: PMC3859118 DOI: 10.3390/s131014214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electronic noses have potential applications in daily life, but are restricted by their bulky size and high price. This review focuses on the use of chemiresistive gas sensors, metal-oxide semiconductor gas sensors and conductive polymer gas sensors in an electronic nose for system integration to reduce size and cost. The review covers the system design considerations and the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated technology for a chemiresistive gas sensor electronic nose, including the integrated sensor array, its readout interface, and pattern recognition hardware. In addition, the state-of-the-art technology integrated in the electronic nose is also presented, such as the sensing front-end chip, electronic nose signal processing chip, and the electronic nose system-on-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wen Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University/No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Kea-Tiong Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University/No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; E-Mail:
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85
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Toniolo R, Pizzariello A, Dossi N, Lorenzon S, Abollino O, Bontempelli G. Room temperature ionic liquids as useful overlayers for estimating food quality from their odor analysis by quartz crystal microbalance measurements. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7241-7. [PMID: 23808811 DOI: 10.1021/ac401151m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An array of quartz crystals coated with different room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is proposed for the analysis of flavors by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. Seven RTILs were adopted as sensing layers, all containing imidazolium or phosphonium cations, differing from one another in the length and branching of alkyl groups and neutralized by different anions. The array was at first applied to the analysis of 31 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, acids, amines, hydrocarbons and terpenes, chosen as representative components of a wide variety of food flavors. Multivariate data analysis by the principal component analysis (PCA) approach of the set of the corresponding responses led to separated clusters for these different chemical categories. To further prove the good performance of the RTIL-coated quartz crystal array as an "electronic nose", it was applied to the analysis of headspaces from cinnamon samples belonging to different botanical varieties ( Cinnamon zeylanicum and Cinnamon cassia ). PCA applied to responses recorded on different stocks of samples of both varieties showed that they could be fully discriminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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86
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Noninvasive analysis of volatile biomarkers in human emanations for health and early disease diagnosis. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1443-59. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early disease diagnosis is crucial for human healthcare and successful therapy. Since any changes in homeostatic balance can alter human emanations, the components of breath exhalations and skin emissions may be diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases and metabolic disorders. Since hundreds of endogenous and exogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from the human body, analysis of these VOCs may be a noninvasive, painless, and easy diagnostic tool. Sampling and preconcentration by sorbent tubes/traps and solid-phase microextraction, in combination with GC or GC–MS, are usually used to analyze VOCs. In addition, GC–MS-olfactometry is useful for simultaneous analysis of odorants and odor quality. Direct MS techniques are also useful for the online real-time detection of VOCs. This review focuses on recent developments in sampling and analysis of volatile biomarkers in human odors and/or emanations, and discusses future use of VOC analysis.
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87
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88
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Lehtinen J, Tolvanen O, Nivukoski U, Veijanen A, Hänninen K. Occupational hygiene in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and bioaerosols at two solid waste management plants in Finland. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:964-973. [PMID: 23270688 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Factors affecting occupational hygiene were measured at the solid waste transferring plant at Hyvinkää and at the optic separation plant in Hämeenlinna. Measurements consisted of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and bioaerosols including microbes, dust and endotoxins. The most abundant compounds in both of the plants were aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, esters of carboxylic acids, ketones and terpenes. In terms of odour generation, the most important emissions were acetic acid, 2,3-butanedione, ethyl acetate, alpha-pinene and limonene due to their low threshold odour concentrations. At the optic waste separation plant, limonene occurred at the highest concentration of all single compounds of identified VOCs. The concentration of any single volatile organic compound did not exceed the occupational exposure limit (OEL) concentration. However, 2,3-butanedione as a health risk compound is discussed based on recent scientific findings linking it to lung disease. Microbe and dust concentrations were low at the waste transferring plant. Only endotoxin concentrations may cause health problems; the average concentration inside the plant was 425 EU/m(3) which clearly exceeded the threshold value of 90 EU/m(3). In the wheel loader cabin the endotoxin concentrations were below 1 EU/m(3). High microbial and endotoxin concentrations were measured in the processing hall at the optic waste separation plant. The average concentration of endotoxins was found to be 10,980 EU/m(3), a concentration which may cause health risks. Concentrations of viable fungi were quite high in few measurements in the control room. The most problematic factor was endotoxins whose average measured concentrations was 4853 EU/m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Lehtinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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89
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Gruber J, Nascimento HM, Yamauchi EY, Li RWC, Esteves CHA, Rehder GP, Gaylarde CC, Shirakawa MA. A conductive polymer based electronic nose for early detection of Penicillium digitatum in post-harvest oranges. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2766-9. [PMID: 23623094 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the construction of an electronic nose, comprising four chemiresistive sensors formed by the deposition of thin conductive polymer films onto interdigitated electrodes, attached to a personal computer via a data acquisition board. This e-nose was used to detect biodeterioration of oranges colonized by Penicillium digitatum. Significant responses were obtained after only 24 h of incubation i.e. at an early stage of biodeterioration, enabling remedial measures to be taken in storage facilities and efficiently distinguishing between good and poor quality fruits. The instrument has a very low analysis time of 40 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Gruber
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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90
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Wilson AD. Diverse applications of electronic-nose technologies in agriculture and forestry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:2295-348. [PMID: 23396191 PMCID: PMC3649433 DOI: 10.3390/s130202295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electronic-nose (e-nose) instruments, derived from numerous types of aroma-sensor technologies, have been developed for a diversity of applications in the broad fields of agriculture and forestry. Recent advances in e-nose technologies within the plant sciences, including improvements in gas-sensor designs, innovations in data analysis and pattern-recognition algorithms, and progress in material science and systems integration methods, have led to significant benefits to both industries. Electronic noses have been used in a variety of commercial agricultural-related industries, including the agricultural sectors of agronomy, biochemical processing, botany, cell culture, plant cultivar selections, environmental monitoring, horticulture, pesticide detection, plant physiology and pathology. Applications in forestry include uses in chemotaxonomy, log tracking, wood and paper processing, forest management, forest health protection, and waste management. These aroma-detection applications have improved plant-based product attributes, quality, uniformity, and consistency in ways that have increased the efficiency and effectiveness of production and manufacturing processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review and summary of a broad range of electronic-nose technologies and applications, developed specifically for the agriculture and forestry industries over the past thirty years, which have offered solutions that have greatly improved worldwide agricultural and agroforestry production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphus D Wilson
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
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91
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Odor sampling: techniques and strategies for the estimation of odor emission rates from different source types. SENSORS 2013; 13:938-55. [PMID: 23322098 PMCID: PMC3574713 DOI: 10.3390/s130100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sampling is one of the main issues pertaining to odor characterization and measurement. The aim of sampling is to obtain representative information on the typical characteristics of an odor source by means of the collection of a suitable volume fraction of the effluent. The most important information about an emission source for odor impact assessment is the so-called Odor Emission Rate (OER), which represents the quantity of odor emitted per unit of time, and is expressed in odor units per second (ou·s−1). This paper reviews the different odor sampling strategies adopted depending on source type. The review includes an overview of odor sampling regulations and a detailed discussion of the equipment to be used as well as the mathematical considerations to be applied to obtain the OER in relation to the sampled source typology.
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92
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Analytical and Chemometric-Based Methods to Monitor and Evaluate Wine Protected Designation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59562-1.00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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93
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Smyth H, Cozzolino D. Instrumental methods (spectroscopy, electronic nose, and tongue) as tools to predict taste and aroma in beverages: advantages and limitations. Chem Rev 2012; 113:1429-40. [PMID: 23256680 DOI: 10.1021/cr300076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, P.O. Box 156, Archerfield BC, Queensland, 4108, Australia
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94
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Abstract
Exhaustive odour impact assessment should involve the evaluation of the impact of odours directly on citizens. For this purpose it might be useful to have an instrument capable of continuously monitoring ambient air quality, detecting the presence of odours and also recognizing their provenance. This paper discusses the laboratory and field tests conducted in order to evaluate the performance of a new electronic nose, specifically developed for monitoring environmental odours. The laboratory tests proved the instrument was able to discriminate between the different pure substances being tested, and to estimate the odour concentrations giving correlation indexes (R2) of 0.99 and errors below 15%. Finally, the experimental monitoring tests conducted in the field, allowed us to verify the effectiveness of this electronic nose for the continuous detection of odours in ambient air, proving its stability to variable atmospheric conditions and its capability to detect odour peaks.
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95
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Herrmann A. Dynamic Mixtures: Challenges and Opportunities for the Amplification and Sensing of Scents. Chemistry 2012; 18:8568-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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96
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Bicker KL, Sun J, Harrell M, Zhang Y, Pena MM, Thompson PR, Lavigne JJ. Synthetic lectin arrays for the detection and discrimination of cancer associated glycans and cell lines. Chem Sci 2012; 3:1147-1156. [PMID: 29051806 DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00790h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of various disease states, including cancer, and effective detection and discrimination between healthy and diseased cells is an important challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Here, we describe the use of boronic acid functionalized synthetic lectins (SLs) in an array format for the differentiation of structurally similar cancer associated glycans and cancer cell lines; discrimination is based on subtle variations in glycosylation patterns. We further demonstrate the utility of our SLs in recognizing glycoproteins with up to 50-fold selectivity, even in 95% human serum. Given their robust and selective nature, these SLs were able to effectively distinguish (a) five structurally similar glycans with 94% accuracy; (b) seven normal, cancerous and metastatic colon cancer cell lines, including three isogenic cell lines, with 92% accuracy; and (c) these same seven cell lines using a guided statistical analysis to improve our analysis to 97% accuracy. In total, these data suggest that an SL-based array will be useful for the diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Bicker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, USA 29208. ; ; Tel: +(803)-777-5264.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida, USA 33458. ; ; Tel: +(561)-228-2860
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, USA 29208. ; ; Tel: +(803)-777-5264
| | - Morgan Harrell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, USA 29208. ; ; Tel: +(803)-777-5264
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC USA 29208
| | - Maria M Pena
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC USA 29208
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida, USA 33458. ; ; Tel: +(561)-228-2860
| | - John J Lavigne
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, USA 29208. ; ; Tel: +(803)-777-5264
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