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Nagarajan V, Chandiramouli R. Adsorption studies of dimethyl and methyl-ethyl ester molecules on silicene nanoring: Application of DFT study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1470178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Nagarajan
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - R. Chandiramouli
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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52
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Kalantari-Dehaghi S, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B, Mokhtari-Hosseini ZB, Nojoki F, Hamedi J, Hosseinkhani S. Effects of microbial volatile organic compounds on Ganoderma lucidum growth and ganoderic acids production in Co-v-cultures (volatile co-cultures). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:286-297. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1541809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Kalantari-Dehaghi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra-Beagom Mokhtari-Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Nojoki
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hamedi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Frisvad JC, Møller LLH, Larsen TO, Kumar R, Arnau J. Safety of the fungal workhorses of industrial biotechnology: update on the mycotoxin and secondary metabolite potential of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9481-9515. [PMID: 30293194 PMCID: PMC6208954 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an update on the current knowledge of the secondary metabolite potential of the major fungal species used in industrial biotechnology, i.e., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei. These species have a long history of safe use for enzyme production. Like most microorganisms that exist in a challenging environment in nature, these fungi can produce a large variety and number of secondary metabolites. Many of these compounds present several properties that make them attractive for different industrial and medical applications. A description of all known secondary metabolites produced by these species is presented here. Mycotoxins are a very limited group of secondary metabolites that can be produced by fungi and that pose health hazards in humans and other vertebrates when ingested in small amounts. Some mycotoxins are species-specific. Here, we present scientific basis for (1) the definition of mycotoxins including an update on their toxicity and (2) the clarity on misclassification of species and their mycotoxin potential reported in literature, e.g., A. oryzae has been wrongly reported as an aflatoxin producer, due to misclassification of Aspergillus flavus strains. It is therefore of paramount importance to accurately describe the mycotoxins that can potentially be produced by a fungal species that is to be used as a production organism and to ensure that production strains are not capable of producing mycotoxins during enzyme production. This review is intended as a reference paper for authorities, companies, and researchers dealing with secondary metabolite assessment, risk evaluation for food or feed enzyme production, or considerations on the use of these species as production hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, B. 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lars L H Møller
- Department of Product Safety, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Thomas O Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, B. 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Novozymes Inc., 1445 Drew Ave., Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - José Arnau
- Department of Fungal Strain Technology and Strain Approval Support, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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Li N, Alfiky A, Wang W, Islam M, Nourollahi K, Liu X, Kang S. Volatile Compound-Mediated Recognition and Inhibition Between Trichoderma Biocontrol Agents and Fusarium oxysporum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2614. [PMID: 30455673 PMCID: PMC6231246 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain Trichoderma strains protect plants from diverse pathogens using multiple mechanisms. We report a novel mechanism that may potentially play an important role in Trichoderma-based biocontrol. Trichoderma virens and T. viride significantly increased the amount/activity of secreted antifungal metabolites in response to volatile compounds (VCs) produced by 13 strains of Fusarium oxysporum, a soilborne fungus that infects diverse plants. This response suggests that both Trichoderma spp. recognize the presence of F. oxysporum by sensing pathogen VCs and prepare for attacking pathogens. However, T. asperellum did not respond to any, while T. harzianum responded to VCs from only a few strains. Gene expression analysis via qPCR showed up-regulation of several biocontrol-associated genes in T. virens in response to F. oxysporum VCs. Analysis of VCs from seven F. oxysporum strains tentatively identified a total of 28 compounds, including six that were produced by all of them. All four Trichoderma species produced VCs that inhibited F. oxysporum growth. Analysis of VCs produced by T. virens and T. harzianum revealed the production of compounds that had been reported to display antifungal activity. F. oxysporum also recognizes Trichoderma spp. by sensing their VCs and releases VCs that inhibit Trichoderma, suggesting that both types of VC-mediated interaction are common among fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxiao Li
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Alsayed Alfiky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md Islam
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | | | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Seogchan Kang
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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55
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Sharifi R, Ryu CM. Revisiting bacterial volatile-mediated plant growth promotion: lessons from the past and objectives for the future. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:349-358. [PMID: 29982345 PMCID: PMC6110341 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) are important mediators of beneficial plant-bacteria interactions. BVCs promote above-ground plant growth by stimulating photosynthesis and sugar accumulation and by modulating phytohormone signalling. These compounds also improve below-ground mineral uptake and modify root system architecture. SCOPE We review advances in our understanding of the mode of action and practical applications of BVCs since the discovery of BVC-mediated plant growth promotion in 2003. We also discuss unanswered questions about the identity of plant receptors, the effectiveness of combination of two or more BVCs on plant growth, and the potential side effects of these compounds for human and animal health. CONCLUSION BVCs have good potential for use as biostimulants and protectants to improve plant health. Further advances in the development of suitable technologies and preparing standards and guidelines will help in the application of BVCs in crop protection and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- For correspondence. E-mail
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56
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Misztal PK, Lymperopoulou DS, Adams RI, Scott RA, Lindow SE, Bruns T, Taylor JW, Uehling J, Bonito G, Vilgalys R, Goldstein AH. Emission Factors of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Environmental Bacteria and Fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8272-8282. [PMID: 29947506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the factors controlling the diverse chemical emissions of common environmental bacteria and fungi is crucial because they are important signal molecules for these microbes that also could influence humans. We show here not only a high diversity of mVOCs but that their abundance can differ greatly in different environmental contexts. Microbial volatiles exhibit dynamic changes across microbial growth phases, resulting in variance of composition and emission rate of species-specific and generic mVOCs. In vitro experiments documented emissions of a wide range of mVOCs (>400 different chemicals) at high time resolution from diverse microbial species grown under different controlled conditions on nutrient media, or residential structural materials ( N = 54, Ncontrol = 23). Emissions of mVOCs varied not only between microbial taxa at a given condition but also as a function of life stage and substrate type. We quantify emission factors for total and specific mVOCs normalized for respiration rates to account for the microbial activity during their stationary phase. Our VOC measurements of different microbial taxa indicate that a variety of factors beyond temperature and water activity, such as substrate type, microbial symbiosis, growth phase, and lifecycle affect the magnitude and composition of mVOC emission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessie Uehling
- Department of Biology , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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57
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Ferrari R, Lacaze I, Le Faouder P, Bertrand-Michel J, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Moularat S, Chan Ho Tong L, Boucher C, Kilani J, Petit Y, Vanparis O, Trannoy C, Brun S, Lalucque H, Malagnac F, Silar P. Cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases are used by the fungus Podospora anserina to repel nematodes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2174-2182. [PMID: 30025856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are secondary messengers used universally in the living world for communication and defense. The paradigm is that they are produced enzymatically for the eicosanoids and non-enzymatically for the isoprostanoids. They are supposed to be degraded into volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to participate in aroma production. Some such chemicals composed of eight carbons are also envisoned as alternatives to fossil fuels. In fungi, oxylipins have been mostly studied in Aspergilli and shown to be involved in signalling asexual versus sexual development, mycotoxin production and interaction with the host for pathogenic species. Through targeted gene deletions of genes encoding oxylipin-producing enzymes and chemical analysis of oxylipins and volatile organic compounds, we show that in the distantly-related ascomycete Podospora anserina, isoprostanoids are likely produced enzymatically. We show the disappearance in the mutants lacking lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases of the production of 10-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid and that of 1-octen-3-ol, a common volatile compound. Importantly, this was correlated with the inability of the mutants to repel nematodes as efficiently as the wild type. Overall, our data show that in this fungus, oxylipins are not involved in signalling development but may rather be used directly or as precursors in the production of odors against potential agressors. SIGNIFICANCE We analyzse the role in inter-kingdom communication of lipoxygenase (lox) and cyclooxygenase (cox) genes in the model fungus Podospora anserina. Through chemical analysis we define the oxylipins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)produce by wild type and mutants for cox and lox genes, We show that the COX and LOX genes are required for the production of some eight carbon VOCs. We show that COX and LOX genes are involved in the production of chemicals repelling nematodes. This role is very different from the ones previously evidenced in other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselyne Ferrari
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Isabelle Lacaze
- Direction Santé Confort, Division Agents Biologiques et Aérocontaminants, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), 84, avenue Jean Jaurès, Marne-la-Vallée Cedex F-77447, France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- MetaToul-Lipidomic Core Facility, MetaboHUB, Inserm U1048, Toulouse 31 432, France
| | | | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5247, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, Montpellier Cedex F-34093, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5247, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, Montpellier Cedex F-34093, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5247, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, Montpellier Cedex F-34093, France
| | - Stéphane Moularat
- Direction Santé Confort, Division Agents Biologiques et Aérocontaminants, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), 84, avenue Jean Jaurès, Marne-la-Vallée Cedex F-77447, France
| | - Laetitia Chan Ho Tong
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Charlie Boucher
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Jaafar Kilani
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Yohann Petit
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Océane Vanparis
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - César Trannoy
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Sylvain Brun
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Hervé Lalucque
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Fabienne Malagnac
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Philippe Silar
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France.
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58
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Tuuminen T, Rinne K. Response: Commentary: Severe Sequelae to Mold-Related Illness as Demonstrated in Two Finnish Cohorts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1220. [PMID: 29942302 PMCID: PMC6004783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tuuminen
- Medicum, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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59
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Shared weapons in fungus-fungus and fungus-plant interactions? Volatile organic compounds of plant or fungal origin exert direct antifungal activity in vitro. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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60
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Mansurova M, Ebert BE, Blank LM, Ibáñez AJ. A breath of information: the volatilome. Curr Genet 2017; 64:959-964. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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61
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Al-Maliki HS, Martinez S, Piszczatowski P, Bennett JW. Drosophila melanogaster as a Model for Studying Aspergillus fumigatus. MYCOBIOLOGY 2017; 45:233-239. [PMID: 29371791 PMCID: PMC5780355 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2017.45.4.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model organism that offers essential insights into developmental and cellular processes shared with humans, which has been adapted for large scale analysis of medically important microbes and to test the toxicity of heavy metals, industrial solvents and other poisonous substances. We here give a brief review of the use of the Drosophila model in medical mycology, discuss the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the opportunistic human pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus, and give a brief summary of what is known about the toxicity of some common fungal VOCs. Further, we discuss the use of VOC detection as an indirect indicator of fungal growth, including for early diagnosis of aspergillosis. Finally, we hypothesize that D. melanogaster has promise for investigating the role of VOCs synthesized by A. fumigatus as possible virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Saeed Al-Maliki
- Department of Plant Biology, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
- Technical institute of Samawa, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Samawa, Iraq
| | - Suceti Martinez
- Department of Plant Biology, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Patrick Piszczatowski
- Department of Plant Biology, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Joan W Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
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62
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Gessler NN, Filippovich SY, Bachurina GP, Kharchenko EA, Groza NV, Belozerskaya TA. Oxylipins and oxylipin synthesis pathways in fungi. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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63
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Gharbi I, Issaoui M, El Gharbi S, Gazzeh N, Tekeya M, Mechri B, Flamini G, Hammami M. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) emitted by fungi naturally occurring in olives during their pre‐processing storage for improving olive oil stability. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Gharbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research Laboratory LR12 ES 05 Lab‐ NAFS “Nutrition ‐ Functional Food & Vascular Health” Faculty of MedicinesUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Manel Issaoui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research Laboratory LR12 ES 05 Lab‐ NAFS “Nutrition ‐ Functional Food & Vascular Health” Faculty of MedicinesUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Sinda El Gharbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research Laboratory LR12 ES 05 Lab‐ NAFS “Nutrition ‐ Functional Food & Vascular Health” Faculty of MedicinesUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Nour‐Eddine Gazzeh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research Laboratory LR12 ES 05 Lab‐ NAFS “Nutrition ‐ Functional Food & Vascular Health” Faculty of MedicinesUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Meriem Tekeya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research Laboratory LR12 ES 05 Lab‐ NAFS “Nutrition ‐ Functional Food & Vascular Health” Faculty of MedicinesUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Beligh Mechri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research Laboratory LR12 ES 05 Lab‐ NAFS “Nutrition ‐ Functional Food & Vascular Health” Faculty of MedicinesUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di PisaPisaItaly
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research Laboratory LR12 ES 05 Lab‐ NAFS “Nutrition ‐ Functional Food & Vascular Health” Faculty of MedicinesUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
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64
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Fincheira P, Parra L, Mutis A, Parada M, Quiroz A. Volatiles emitted by Bacillus sp. BCT9 act as growth modulating agents on Lactuca sativa seedlings. Microbiol Res 2017; 203:47-56. [PMID: 28754207 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemical products are applied during horticulture to increase food production, but the environmental problems resulting from these applications have led to a search for more sustainable products. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) demonstrating plant growth promoter (PGP) activity released by bacterial species have emerged as alternatives, but their effects on Lactuca sativa growth are unknown. In this study, VOCs released by Bacillus sp. BCT9 cultures grown in different media (Methyl Red & Voges Proskauer, Murashige & Skoog and nutrient media) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7 (measured as the absorbance, λ=600nm) were tested to evaluate their activity as growth inducers of L. sativa after 10days of exposure. Lower concentrations of BCT9 increased root length, and higher concentrations induced shoot length and lateral root length. The dry weight and number of lateral roots increased similarly, independent of concentration, for VOCs produced in all culture media. BCT9 cultures grown in Methyl Red & Voges Proskauer medium as bioactive compounds with or without lanolin. These VOCs increased shoot length, root length and dry weight at low concentrations, independent of the presence of lanolin. Lateral root length increased with the application of 2-nonanone (50ppm) and 2-undecanone (0.05ppm). Based on these results, the use of bioactive volatiles as growth inducers of horticultural species represents an alternative or complementary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fincheira
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leonardo Parra
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Maribel Parada
- Centro Biotecnológico de Estudios Microbianos (CEBEM), Universidad de La Frontera. Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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65
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Zhao G, Yin G, Inamdar AA, Luo J, Zhang N, Yang I, Buckley B, Bennett JW. Volatile organic compounds emitted by filamentous fungi isolated from flooded homes after Hurricane Sandy show toxicity in a Drosophila bioassay. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:518-528. [PMID: 27748984 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Superstorm Sandy provided an opportunity to study filamentous fungi (molds) associated with winter storm damage. We collected 36 morphologically distinct fungal isolates from flooded buildings. By combining traditional morphological and cultural characters with an analysis of ITS sequences (the fungal DNA barcode), we identified 24 fungal species that belong to eight genera: Penicillium (11 species), Fusarium (four species), Aspergillus (three species), Trichoderma (two species), and one species each of Metarhizium, Mucor, Pestalotiopsis, and Umbelopsis. Then, we used a Drosophila larval assay to assess possible toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by these molds. When cultured in a shared atmosphere with growing cultures of molds isolated after Hurricane Sandy, larval toxicity ranged from 15 to 80%. VOCs from Aspergillus niger 129B were the most toxic yielding 80% mortality to Drosophila after 12 days. The VOCs from Trichoderma longibrachiatum 117, Mucor racemosus 138a, and Metarhizium anisopliae 124 were relatively non-toxigenic. A preliminary analysis of VOCs was conducted using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from two of the most toxic, two of the least toxic, and two species of intermediate toxicity. The more toxic molds produced higher concentrations of 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 2-octen-1-ol, and 2-nonanone; while the less toxic molds produced more 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol, or an overall lower amount of volatiles. Our data support the hypothesis that at certain concentrations, some VOCs emitted by indoor molds are toxigenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - G Yin
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - A A Inamdar
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - J Luo
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - I Yang
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - B Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - J W Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Hof H. Mycotoxins in milk for human nutrition: cow, sheep and human breast milk. GMS INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 4:Doc03. [PMID: 30671317 PMCID: PMC6301711 DOI: 10.3205/id000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are produced pre harvest by some molds and secreted into various food items of plant origin, such cereals, vegetables, spices, coffee and nuts. If the food items are not stored under adequate conditions, a post harvest contamination may also occur. Animals and humans take them up by food items and some of them are stored and accumulated in different tissues and organs, so that food of animal origin may be contaminated, too. Especially aflatoxin and ochratoxin are secreted into milk by consumers of contaminated food. Since milk represents the major food source of newborns and infants, they are notably exposed to these mycotoxins. This health risk for these individuals may be of particular importance, because their ability to metabolize these fungal toxic agents is not yet fully developed at this stage.
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Pizzorno J, Shippy A. Is Mold Toxicity Really a Problem for Our Patients? Part 2-Nonrespiratory Conditions. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2016; 15:8-14. [PMID: 27547160 PMCID: PMC4982651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In my last editorial, I addressed the respiratory effects of mold exposure. The surprising research shows that as many as 50% of residential and work environments have water damage1 and that mold toxicity should be considered in all patients with any chronic respiratory condition. This is especially true in adult-onset asthma, two-thirds of which appears to be caused by toxins released from water-damaged buildings. The carcinogenic effects of food-borne mold contamination are also well documented. Less clear is the role of indoor mold exposure in water-damaged buildings and its relationship to nonrespiratory conditions. As we look at the research on mold toxicity and toxins in general, we propose that the medical community (by all its names) has focused too much on the "yellow canaries" and missed the big picture that toxins have now become a primary driver of disease in the general population, not only among those most susceptible. The mold toxicity conundrum illustrates this issue quite well. As summarized in this editorial, there clearly is a portion of the population, the size of which is currently unknown, who experience neurological and/or immunological damage from mold toxicity. In addition, a substantial portion of the population experiences chronic respiratory problems from mold exposure. This does not mean we should stop paying attention to our more affected patients. Rather, we need to realize that almost everyone is being affected by toxins to some degree: molds, metals, solvents, persistent organic pollutants, etc.
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