51
|
Baigildina AA, Khaiboullina SF, Martynova EV, Anokhin VA, Lombardi VC, Rizvanov AA. Inflammatory cytokines kinetics define the severity and phase of nephropathia epidemica. Biomark Med 2014; 9:99-107. [PMID: 25313675 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome associated with the Puumala virus species of Hantavirus. The pathogenesis of NE is not well understood; therefore, investigating the inflammatory cytokine response to infection may provide useful knowledge in deciphering the pathophysiology of NE. MATERIALS & METHODS Using Luminex and ELISA, we analyzed the serum of 137 NE cases and 44 controls to investigate if serum cytokines associate with different clinical presentations. RESULTS Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β are associated with disease severity while upregulation of IL-6, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL3 are associated with clinical presentation. CONCLUSION Inflammatory cytokine kinetics associate with the severity and phase of NE. Our data support a role for inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of NE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asia A Baigildina
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Teixeira BR, Loureiro N, Strecht L, Gentile R, Oliveira RC, Guterres A, Fernandes J, Mattos LHBV, Raboni SM, Rubio G, Bonvicino CR, dos Santos CND, Lemos ERS, D'Andrea PS. Population ecology of hantavirus rodent hosts in southern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:249-57. [PMID: 24935954 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we analyze population dynamics of hantavirus rodent hosts and prevalence of infection over a 2-year period in Southern Brazil, a region with a high incidence of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. The 14 small mammal species captured were composed of 10 rodents and four marsupials, the six most abundant species being Akodon serrensis, Oxymycterus judex, Akodon montensis, Akodon paranaensis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, and Thaptomys nigrita. These species displayed a similar pattern with increasing population sizes in fall/winter caused by recruitment and both, increase in reproductive activity and higher hantavirus prevalence in spring/summer. Specific associations between A. montensis/Jaborá Virus (JABV) and O. nigripes/Juquitiba-like Virus (JUQV-like) and spillover infections between A. paranaensis/JABV, A. serrensis/JABV, and A. paranaensis/JUQV-like were observed. Spillover infection in secondary hosts seems to play an important role in maintaining JABV and JUQV-like in the hantavirus sylvatic cycle mainly during periods of low prevalence in primary hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo R Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Loureiro
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liana Strecht
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Gentile
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana H B V Mattos
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonia M Raboni
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselia Rubio
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cibele R Bonvicino
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia N Duarte dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elba R S Lemos
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo S D'Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil; Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
González-Ittig RE, Rivera PC, Levis SC, Calderón GE, Gardenal CN. The molecular phylogenetics of the genusOligoryzomys(Rodentia: Cricetidae) clarifies rodent host-hantavirus associations. Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul E. González-Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Paula C. Rivera
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Silvana C. Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH); Pergamino Argentina
| | - Gladys E. Calderón
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH); Pergamino Argentina
| | - Cristina N. Gardenal
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC); Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of hantavirus-specific antibodies in divergent small mammals. Viruses 2014; 6:2028-37. [PMID: 24806874 PMCID: PMC4036537 DOI: 10.3390/v6052028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the utility of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of hantavirus-specific antibodies from sera of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the principal reservoir of Andes virus (ANDV), using an antigen previously developed for detection of antibodies to Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in sera from Peromyscus maniculatus. The assay uses a protein A/G horseradish peroxidase conjugate and can be performed in as little as 1.5 hours. Serum samples from Oligoryzomys longicaudatus collected in central-south Chile were used and the assay identified several that were antibody positive. This assay can be used for the rapid detection of antibodies to divergent hantaviruses from geographically and phylogenetically distant rodent species.
Collapse
|
55
|
Hantavirus reservoirs: current status with an emphasis on data from Brazil. Viruses 2014; 6:1929-73. [PMID: 24784571 PMCID: PMC4036540 DOI: 10.3390/v6051929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the recognition of hantavirus as the agent responsible for haemorrhagic fever in Eurasia in the 1970s and, 20 years later, the descovery of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas, the genus Hantavirus has been continually described throughout the World in a variety of wild animals. The diversity of wild animals infected with hantaviruses has only recently come into focus as a result of expanded wildlife studies. The known reservoirs are more than 80, belonging to 51 species of rodents, 7 bats (order Chiroptera) and 20 shrews and moles (order Soricomorpha). More than 80genetically related viruses have been classified within Hantavirus genus; 25 recognized as human pathogens responsible for a large spectrum of diseases in the Old and New World. In Brazil, where the diversity of mammals and especially rodents is considered one of the largest in the world, 9 hantavirus genotypes have been identified in 12 rodent species belonging to the genus Akodon, Calomys, Holochilus, Oligoryzomys, Oxymycterus, Necromys and Rattus. Considering the increasing number of animals that have been implicated as reservoirs of different hantaviruses, the understanding of this diversity is important for evaluating the risk of distinct hantavirus species as human pathogens.
Collapse
|
56
|
Characterization of Juquitiba virus in Oligoryzomys fornesi from Brazilian Cerrado. Viruses 2014; 6:1473-82. [PMID: 24674957 PMCID: PMC4014705 DOI: 10.3390/v6041473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Juquitiba virus, an agent of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome, is one of the most widely distributed hantavirus found in South America. It has been detected in Oligoryzomys nigripes, Akodon montensis, Oxymycterus judex, Akodon paranaensis in Brazil and in O. nigripes, Oryzomys sp. and Oligoryzomys fornesi rodents in Argentine, Paraguay and Uruguay. Here, we report the genomic characterization of the complete S segment from the Juquitiba strain, isolated from the lung tissues of O. fornesi, the presumed rodent reservoir of Anajatuba virus in Brazilian Amazon, captured in the Cerrado Biome, Brazil.
Collapse
|
57
|
Montoya-Ruiz C, Diaz FJ, Rodas JD. Recent evidence of hantavirus circulation in the American tropic. Viruses 2014; 6:1274-93. [PMID: 24638203 PMCID: PMC3970150 DOI: 10.3390/v6031274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus was discovered in Korea during the 1970s while other similar viruses were later reported in Asia and Europe. There was no information about hantavirus human infection in the Americas until 1993 when an outbreak was described in the United States. This event promoted new studies to find hantaviruses in the Americas. At first, many studies were conducted in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Paraguay, while other Latin American countries began to report the presence of these agents towards the end of the 20th century. More than 30 hantaviruses have been reported in the Western Hemisphere with more frequent cases registered in the southern cone (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil). However there was an important outbreak in 2000 in Panama and some rare events have been described in Peru, Venezuela and French Guiana. Since hantaviruses have only recently emerged as a potential threat in the tropical zones of the Americas, this review compiles recent hantavirus reports in Central America, the Caribbean islands and the northern region of South America. These studies have generated the discovery of new hantaviruses and could help to anticipate the presentation of possible future outbreaks in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoya-Ruiz
- Grupo Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Cll 70 No. 52-21, SIU 233, Medellín, Antioquia 050010, Colombia.
| | - Francisco J Diaz
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Universidad de Antioquia, Cll 70 No. 52-21, SIU 532, Medellín, Antioquia 050010, Colombia.
| | - Juan D Rodas
- Grupo Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Cll 70 No. 52-21, SIU 233, Medellín, Antioquia 050010, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Srikiatkhachorn A, Spiropoulou CF. Vascular events in viral hemorrhagic fevers: a comparative study of dengue and hantaviruses. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:621-33. [PMID: 24623445 PMCID: PMC3972431 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic diseases are a group of systemic viral infections with worldwide distribution and are significant causes of global mortality and morbidity. The hallmarks of viral hemorrhagic fevers are plasma leakage, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy and hemorrhagic manifestations. The molecular mechanisms leading to plasma leakage in viral hemorrhagic fevers are not well understood. A common theme has emerged in which a complex interplay between pathogens, host immune response, and endothelial cells leads to the activation of endothelial cells and perturbation of barrier integrity. In this article, two clinically distinct viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by dengue viruses and hantaviruses are discussed to highlight their similarities and differences that may provide insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Changes in diversification patterns and signatures of selection during the evolution of murinae-associated hantaviruses. Viruses 2014; 6:1112-34. [PMID: 24618811 PMCID: PMC3970142 DOI: 10.3390/v6031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 50 years, hantaviruses have significantly affected public health worldwide, but the exact extent of the distribution of hantavirus diseases, species and lineages and the risk of their emergence into new geographic areas are still poorly known. In particular, the determinants of molecular evolution of hantaviruses circulating in different geographical areas or different host species are poorly documented. Yet, this understanding is essential for the establishment of more accurate scenarios of hantavirus emergence under different climatic and environmental constraints. In this study, we focused on Murinae-associated hantaviruses (mainly Seoul Dobrava and Hantaan virus) using sequences available in GenBank and conducted several complementary phylogenetic inferences. We sought for signatures of selection and changes in patterns and rates of diversification in order to characterize hantaviruses’ molecular evolution at different geographical scales (global and local). We then investigated whether these events were localized in particular geographic areas. Our phylogenetic analyses supported the assumption that RNA virus molecular variations were under strong evolutionary constraints and revealed changes in patterns of diversification during the evolutionary history of hantaviruses. These analyses provide new knowledge on the molecular evolution of hantaviruses at different scales of time and space.
Collapse
|
60
|
Oliveira RC, Gentile R, Guterres A, Fernandes J, Teixeira BR, Vaz V, Valdez FP, Vicente LHB, da Costa-Neto SF, Bonvicino C, D’Andrea PS, Lemos ER. Ecological study of hantavirus infection in wild rodents in an endemic area in Brazil. Acta Trop 2014; 131:1-10. [PMID: 24291677 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year ecological study of small mammals was carried out in an endemic area for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the state of Santa Catarina in Southern Brazil. A total of 994 rodents of 14 different species corresponding to the subfamilies of Sigmodontinae, Murinae, Eumysopinae, and Caviinae were captured during 2004-2006. Oligoryzomys nigripes and Akodon montensis were the most abundant species and showed a clear seasonal pattern with higher population sizes during the winter. Rodent population outbreaks, associated within bamboo mast seeding events, were detected predominantly in areas where hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases were notified in the state. Antibody reactivity to Hantavirus was detected in five sigmodontine species: O. nigripes (39/435), A. montensis (15/318), Akodon paranaensis (4/37), Thaptomys nigrita (1/86) and Sooretamys angouya (1/12). The highest hantavirus antibody prevalence occurred during the period of highest population size in A. montensis. For O. nigripes, hantavirus prevalence was higher in late spring, when reproduction was more frequent. Co-circulation of Juquitiba (JUQV) and Jabora (JABV) viruses was observed - JABV in A. paranaensis and A. montensis; JUQV in O. nigripes and T. nigrita. JABV occurrence was associated to gender and population size of the rodent while JUQV was related to gender, season, temperature, and locality.
Collapse
|
61
|
Estimating hantavirus risk in southern Argentina: a GIS-based approach combining human cases and host distribution. Viruses 2014; 6:201-22. [PMID: 24424500 PMCID: PMC3917439 DOI: 10.3390/v6010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) approach along with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques to examine the potential distribution of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) caused by Andes virus (ANDV) in southern Argentina and, more precisely, define and estimate the area with the highest infection probability for humans, through the combination with the distribution map for the competent rodent host (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus). Sites with confirmed cases of HPS in the period 1995–2009 were mostly concentrated in a narrow strip (~90 km × 900 km) along the Andes range from northern Neuquén to central Chubut province. This area is characterized by high mean annual precipitation (~1,000 mm on average), but dry summers (less than 100 mm), very low percentages of bare soil (~10% on average) and low temperatures in the coldest month (minimum average temperature −1.5 °C), as compared to the HPS-free areas, features that coincide with sub-Antarctic forests and shrublands (especially those dominated by the invasive plant Rosa rubiginosa), where rodent host abundances and ANDV prevalences are known to be the highest. Through the combination of predictive distribution maps of the reservoir host and disease cases, we found that the area with the highest probability for HPS to occur overlaps only 28% with the most suitable habitat for O. longicaudatus. With this approach, we made a step forward in the understanding of the risk factors that need to be considered in the forecasting and mapping of risk at the regional/national scale. We propose the implementation and use of thematic maps, such as the one built here, as a basic tool allowing public health authorities to focus surveillance efforts and normally scarce resources for prevention and control actions in vast areas like southern Argentina.
Collapse
|
62
|
|
63
|
Krautkrämer E, Grouls S, Urban E, Schnitzler P, Zeier M. No gender-related differences in the severity of nephropathia epidemica, Germany. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:457. [PMID: 24090247 PMCID: PMC3850742 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of cases of hantavirus disease caused by Puumala virus is increasing enormously in Germany within the last years. Men are overrepresented in hantavirus disease and differences in course and symptoms in relation to gender were reported from several countries. This study was conducted to define possible gender-specific risk factors and aspects of severity in hantavirus infections occurring in Germany. METHODS Characteristics, clinical parameters and symptoms were recorded in a retrospective analysis of 108 patients with serologically confirmed hantavirus infection treated in our department. This cohort corresponds in regard to age, time of infection and gender ratio to the characteristics of the overall cases reported in Germany. RESULTS The frequency of characteristic symptoms of hantavirus disease did not differ between males and females. The median of nadir and peak levels of clinical parameters did not exhibit relevant differences that would point to a more severe course in males or females. The clinical course and duration of hospitalization were similar for both sexes. No relevant differences in renal and pulmonary findings were observed. Males with hantavirus disease exhibited more cardiac findings than females.To compare the unequal gender distribution of the rodent-borne Puumala hantavirus disease with the gender ratio of other infectious diseases, we analyzed the gender ratio for notifiable infections according to their mode of transmission. Our data revealed a general overrepresentation of men in infections carried by arthropods and rodents. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to reports from other countries, no crucial differences in the symptoms, course or severity of hantavirus disease between infected men and female were observed in our cohort. However behavioural differences may account for the fact that men are more often affected by certain infectious diseases than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Krautkrämer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Development of a one-step SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of Araraquara and Rio Mamore hantavirus. Viruses 2013; 5:2272-81. [PMID: 24056673 PMCID: PMC3798901 DOI: 10.3390/v5092272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are members of the family Bunyaviridae and are an emerging cause of disease worldwide with high lethality in the Americas. In Brazil, the diagnosis for hantaviruses is based on immunologic techniques associated with conventional RT-PCR. A novel one-step SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR was developed for the detection and quantitation of Araraquara hantavirus (ARAV) and Rio Mamore hantavirus (RIOMV). The detection limit of assay was 10copies/µL of RNA in vitro transcribed of segment S. The specificity of assay was evaluated by melting curve analysis, which showed that the Araraquara virus amplified product generated a melt peak at 80.83 ± 0.89 °C without generating primer-dimers or non-specific products. The assay was more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR and we detected two samples undetected by conventional RT-PCR. The one-step SYBR Green real-time quantitative RT-PCR is specific, sensible and reproducible, which makes it a powerful tool in both diagnostic applications and general research of ARAV and RIOMV and possibly other Brazilian hantaviruses.
Collapse
|
65
|
Abstract
Hantaviruses are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect many species of rodents, shrews, moles and bats. Infection in these reservoir hosts is almost asymptomatic, but some rodent-borne hantaviruses also infect humans, causing either haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In this Review, we discuss the basic molecular properties and cell biology of hantaviruses and offer an overview of virus-induced pathology, in particular vascular leakage and immunopathology.
Collapse
|
66
|
Spiropoulou CF, Srikiatkhachorn A. The role of endothelial activation in dengue hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Virulence 2013; 4:525-36. [PMID: 23841977 PMCID: PMC5359750 DOI: 10.4161/viru.25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of the endothelium barrier and vascular leakage play a central role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever viruses. This can be caused either directly by the viral infection and damage of the vascular endothelium, or indirectly by a dysregulated immune response resulting in an excessive activation of the endothelium. This article briefly reviews our knowledge of the importance of the disruption of the vascular endothelial barrier in two severe disease syndromes, dengue hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Both viruses cause changes in vascular permeability without damaging the endothelium. Here we focus on our understanding of the virus interaction with the endothelium, the role of the endothelium in the induced pathogenesis, and the possible mechanisms by which each virus causes vascular leakage. Understanding the dynamics between viral infection and the dysregulation of the endothelial cell barrier will help us to define potential therapeutic targets for reducing disease severity.
Collapse
|
67
|
Gizzi M, Delaere B, Weynand B, Clement J, Maes P, Vergote V, Laenen L, Hjelle B, Verroken A, Dive A, Michaux I, Evrard P, Creytens D, Bulpa P. Another case of "European hantavirus pulmonary syndrome" with severe lung, prior to kidney, involvement, and diagnosed by viral inclusions in lung macrophages. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1341-5. [PMID: 23670277 PMCID: PMC7102061 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV) is considered a classic Old World etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). HFRS is considered to be distinct from hantavirus (cardio-)pulmonary syndrome (HPS or HCPS), described in the New World. Here, we report a severe case, which fulfilled most, if not all, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for HPS, needing non-invasive ventilation and subsequent acute hemodialysis. However, the etiological agent was PUUV, as proved by serological testing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing. Viral antigen was detected by specific anti-PUUV immunostaining, showing, for the first time, greenish intracytoplasmic inclusions in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophages. This case definitely confirms that HPS can be encountered during PUUV infections. Interestingly, special findings could render the diagnosis easier, such as greenish homogeneous cytoplasmic inclusions, surrounded by a fine clear halo in BAL macrophages. Therefore, although the diagnosis remains difficult before the onset of renal involvement, the occurrence of severe respiratory failure mimicking community-acquired pneumonia must alert the clinician for possible HPS, especially in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gizzi
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - B. Delaere
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - B. Weynand
- Pathology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - J. Clement
- National Reference Centre for Hantaviruses, University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, KU Belgium
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, KU Belgium
| | - P. Maes
- National Reference Centre for Hantaviruses, University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, KU Belgium
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, KU Belgium
| | - V. Vergote
- National Reference Centre for Hantaviruses, University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, KU Belgium
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, KU Belgium
| | - L. Laenen
- National Reference Centre for Hantaviruses, University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, KU Belgium
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, KU Belgium
| | - B. Hjelle
- Departments of Pathology, Biology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - A. Verroken
- Microbiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - A. Dive
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - I. Michaux
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - P. Evrard
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - D. Creytens
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Bulpa
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Lederer S, Lattwein E, Hanke M, Sonnenberg K, Stoecker W, Lundkvist Å, Vaheri A, Vapalahti O, Chan PKS, Feldmann H, Dick D, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Padula P, Vial PA, Panculescu-Gatej R, Ceianu C, Heyman P, Avšič-Županc T, Niedrig M. Indirect immunofluorescence assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against clinically important old and new world hantaviruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2157. [PMID: 23593524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to detect serum antibodies against clinically important Old and New World hantaviruses simultaneously, multiparametric indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) based on biochip mosaics were developed. Each of the mosaic substrates consisted of cells infected with one of the virus types Hantaan (HTNV), Puumala (PUUV), Seoul (SEOV), Saaremaa (SAAV), Dobrava (DOBV), Sin Nombre (SNV) or Andes (ANDV). For assay evaluation, serum IgG and IgM antibodies were analyzed using 184 laboratory-confirmed hantavirus-positive sera collected at six diagnostic centers from patients actively or previously infected with the following hantavirus serotypes: PUUV (Finland, n=97); SEOV (China, n=5); DOBV (Romania, n=7); SNV (Canada, n=23); ANDV (Argentina and Chile, n=52). The control panel comprised 89 sera from healthy blood donors. According to the reference tests, all 184 patient samples were seropositive for hantavirus-specific IgG (n=177; 96%) and/or IgM (n=131; 72%), while all control samples were tested negative. In the multiparametric IFA applied in this study, 183 (99%) of the patient sera were IgG and 131 (71%) IgM positive (accordance with the reference tests: IgG, 96%; IgM, 93%). Overall IFA sensitivity for combined IgG and IgM analysis amounted to 100% for all serotypes, except for SNV (96%). Of the 89 control sera, 2 (2%) showed IgG reactivity against the HTNV substrate, but not against any other hantavirus. Due to the high cross-reactivity of hantaviral nucleocapsid proteins, endpoint titrations were conducted, allowing serotype determination in >90% of PUUV- and ANDV-infected patients. Thus, multiparametric IFA enables highly sensitive and specific serological diagnosis of hantavirus infections and can be used to differentiate PUUV and ANDV infection from infections with Murinae-borne hantaviruses (e.g. DOBV and SEOV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lederer
- EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Mackenzie JS, Jeggo M. Reservoirs and vectors of emerging viruses. Curr Opin Virol 2013; 3:170-9. [PMID: 23491947 PMCID: PMC7102734 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wildlife, especially mammals and birds, are hosts to an enormous number of viruses, most of which we have absolutely no knowledge about even though we know these viruses circulate readily in their specific niches. More often than not, these viruses are silent or asymptomatic in their natural hosts. In some instances, they can infect other species, and in rare cases, this cross-species transmission might lead to human infection. There are also instances where we know the reservoir hosts of zoonotic viruses that can and do infect humans. Studies of these animal hosts, the reservoirs of the viruses, provide us with the knowledge of the types of virus circulating in wildlife species, their incidence, pathogenicity for their host, and in some instances, the potential for transmission to other hosts. This paper describes examples of some of the viruses that have been detected in wildlife, and the reservoir hosts from which they have been detected. It also briefly explores the spread of arthropod-borne viruses and their diseases through the movement and establishment of vectors in new habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Mackenzie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Souza WMD, Machado AM, Disner GR, Boff E, Machado ARDSR, Padua MD, Figueiredo LTM, Miranda GBD. Antibody levels to hantavirus in inhabitants of western Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 54:193-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652012000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is an infectious disease caused by hantaviruses of the family Bunyaviridae, and is transmitted by aerosols of excreta of infected rodents. The aim of the present study was to determine antibody levels to hantavirus in the population that lives at frontier of Brazil and Argentina. Participated of the study 405 individuals living in the municipalities of Bandeirante, Santa Helena, Princesa and Tunapolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. IgG antibodies to hantavirus were analyzed in sera by an ELISA that uses a recombinant N protein of Araraquara hantavirus as antigen. The results were also confirmed by immunofluorescent test. Eight individuals showed antibodies to hantavirus (1.97% positivity), with serum titers ranging from 100 to 800. Six seropositives were males, older than 30 years and farmers. Our results reinforce previous data on hantavirus circulation and human infections in the southern border of Brazil with Argentina.
Collapse
|
71
|
The Role of the Endothelium in HPS Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Adv Virol 2012; 2012:467059. [PMID: 22811711 PMCID: PMC3395186 DOI: 10.1155/2012/467059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
American hantaviruses cause a highly lethal acute pulmonary edema termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Hantaviruses nonlytically infect endothelial cells and cause dramatic changes in barrier functions of the endothelium without disrupting the endothelium. Instead hantaviruses cause changes in the function of infected endothelial cells that normally regulate fluid barrier functions of capillaries. The endothelium of arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels is unique and central to the function of vast pulmonary capillary beds, which regulate pulmonary fluid accumulation. The endothelium maintains vascular barrier functions through a complex series of redundant receptors and signaling pathways that serve to both permit fluid and immune cell efflux into tissues and restrict tissue edema. Infection of the endothelium provides several mechanisms for hantaviruses to alter capillary permeability but also defines potential therapeutic targets for regulating acute pulmonary edema and HPS disease. Here we discuss interactions of HPS causing hantaviruses with the endothelium, potential endothelial cell-directed permeability mechanisms, and therapeutic targeting of the endothelium as a means of reducing the severity of HPS disease.
Collapse
|
72
|
Palma RE, Boric-Bargetto D, Torres-Pérez F, Hernández CE, Yates TL. Glaciation effects on the phylogeographic structure of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in the southern Andes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32206. [PMID: 22396751 PMCID: PMC3291571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-tailed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Sigmodontinae), the major reservoir of Hantavirus in Chile and Patagonian Argentina, is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, Temperate and Patagonian Forests of Chile, as well as in adjacent areas in southern Argentina. We used molecular data to evaluate the effects of the last glacial event on the phylogeographic structure of this species. We examined if historical Pleistocene events had affected genetic variation and spatial distribution of this species along its distributional range. We sampled 223 individuals representing 47 localities along the species range, and sequenced the hypervariable domain I of the mtDNA control region. Aligned sequences were analyzed using haplotype network, bayesian population structure and demographic analyses. Analysis of population structure and the haplotype network inferred three genetic clusters along the distribution of O. longicaudatus that mostly agreed with the three major ecogeographic regions in Chile: Mediterranean, Temperate Forests and Patagonian Forests. Bayesian Skyline Plots showed constant population sizes through time in all three clusters followed by an increase after and during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; between 26,000-13,000 years ago). Neutrality tests and the "g" parameter also suggest that populations of O. longicaudatus experienced demographic expansion across the species entire range. Past climate shifts have influenced population structure and lineage variation of O. longicaudatus. This species remained in refugia areas during Pleistocene times in southern Temperate Forests (and adjacent areas in Patagonia). From these refugia, O. longicaudatus experienced demographic expansions into Patagonian Forests and central Mediterranean Chile using glacial retreats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Eduardo Palma
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, CASEB, and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by hantaviruses in the Americas presents as a broad clinical spectrum ranging from brief febrile prodrome with only thrombocytopenia to rapidly progressive fulminant pulmonary edema and shock. This vascular leak syndrome confined almost exclusively to the lung is initiated by the noncytolytic infection of capillary endothelial cells. A number of pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed, including immune cell-mediated injury, cytokine-mediated injury and enhanced VEGF responses from intercellular junctions resulting from highly specific virus–integrin interactions. This review examines evidence for each of these potential mechanisms, with relevant references to its sister syndrome, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, in Eurasia. Any mechanism or combination of mechanisms must be able to explain the massive pulmonary capillary leak at the severe extreme of the spectrum, a disease manifestation without parallel in clinical medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Koster
- Division of Applied Science, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Erich Mackow
- Department Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Dzagurova TK, Witkowski PT, Tkachenko EA, Klempa B, Morozov VG, Auste B, Zavora DL, Iunicheva IV, Mutnih ES, Kruger DH. Isolation of sochi virus from a fatal case of hantavirus disease with fulminant clinical course. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 54:e1-4. [PMID: 22042875 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sochi virus, a novel genetic variant of Dobrava-Belgrade virus, was isolated in cell culture from a fulminant lethal case of hantavirus disease presenting with shock and combined kidney and lung failure. Sochi virus is transmitted to humans from host reservoir Apodemus ponticus and must be considered a life-threatening emerging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara K Dzagurova
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Torres-Pérez F, Palma RE, Hjelle B, Holmes EC, Cook JA. Spatial but not temporal co-divergence of a virus and its mammalian host. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4109-22. [PMID: 21880089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Co-divergence between host and parasites suggests that evolutionary processes act across similar spatial and temporal scales. Although there has been considerable work on the extent and correlates of co-divergence of RNA viruses and their mammalian hosts, relatively little is known about the extent to which virus evolution is determined by the phylogeographic history of host species. To test hypotheses related to co-divergence across a variety of spatial and temporal scales, we explored phylogenetic signatures in Andes virus (ANDV) sampled from Chile and its host rodent, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus. ANDV showed strong spatial subdivision, a phylogeographic pattern also recovered in the host using both spatial and genealogical approaches, and despite incomplete lineage sorting. Lineage structure in the virus seemed to be a response to current population dynamics in the host at the spatial scale of ecoregions. However, finer scale analyses revealed contrasting patterns of genetic structure across a latitudinal gradient. As predicted by their higher substitution rates, ANDV showed greater genealogical resolution than the rodent, with topological congruence influenced by the degree of lineage sorting within the host. However, despite these major differences in evolutionary dynamics, the geographic structure of host and virus converged across large spatial scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torres-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Terajima M, Ennis FA. T cells and pathogenesis of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Viruses 2011; 3:1059-73. [PMID: 21994770 PMCID: PMC3185782 DOI: 10.3390/v3071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously hypothesized that increased capillary permeability observed in both hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) may be caused by hantavirus-specific cytotoxic T cells attacking endothelial cells presenting viral antigens on their surface based on clinical observations and in vitro experiments. In HCPS, hantavirus-specific T cell responses positively correlated with disease severity. In HFRS, in one report, contrary to HCPS, T cell responses negatively correlated with disease severity, but in another report the number of regulatory T cells, which are thought to suppress T cell responses, negatively correlated with disease severity. In rat experiments, in which hantavirus causes persistent infection, depletion of regulatory T cells helped infected rats clear virus without inducing immunopathology. These seemingly contradictory findings may suggest delicate balance in T cell responses between protection and immunopathogenesis. Both too strong and too weak T cell responses may lead to severe disease. It is important to clarify the role of T cells in these diseases for better treatment (whether to suppress T cell functions) and protection (vaccine design) which may need to take into account viral factors and the influence of HLA on T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Terajima
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Francis A. Ennis
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|