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Huang Q, Zhang J, Peng J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wu J, Ye L, Fang C. Effect of baicalin on proliferation and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5645-5654. [PMID: 31632536 PMCID: PMC6789237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancer types. Pancreatic cancer is highly malignant and characterized by rapid and uncontrolled growth. This study was designed to investigate the effect of baicalin on proliferation and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS CCK-8 assay and Clone formation assay were performed to detect the effect of baicalin on proliferation in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell invasion and migration were all assessed with Wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. Flow Cytometry Analysis and DAPI staining were performed to detect the effect of baicalin on apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, proliferation-associated protein and apoptosis-related protein were detected to evaluate the cell proliferation and apoptosis levels. P-JNK protein, t-JNK protein, Foxo1 protein and BIM protein were examined by western blot to verify whether baicalin could regulate the proliferation and apoptosis via the JNK/Foxo1/BIM signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. RESULTS The cell proliferation level was significantly decreased while the cell apoptosis level was significantly increased in pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells treated with baicalin. As the same, baicalin downregulated the ability of invasion and migration in pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells. CONCLUSION Baicalin might inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis via JNK/Foxo1/BIM signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinshun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinbang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juju Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congcheng Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, En-ze Medical Group Taizhou Hospital Luqiao, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang, China
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Gut microbial transformation, a potential improving factor in the therapeutic activities of four groups of natural compounds isolated from herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 2019; 138:104293. [PMID: 31398447 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) have attracted widespread attention because of their significant contributions to the prevention and treatment of many human diseases. Recently, gut microbiota has become an important frontier to understand the therapeutic mechanisms of medicines. Gut microbiota-mediated transformation is a microbial metabolic form after oral administrations of HMs compounds. A great number of studies showed that gut microbiota could transform some HMs compounds by the variation of chemical structures into several active metabolites, which exerted better bioavailabilities and therapeutic activities than their parent compounds. Among these HMs compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols and terpenoids were the representative ones. However, there is no systemic review focusing on the potential improved therapeutic activities of these natural compounds caused by gut microbial transformation. Here, this review summarizes the therapeutic activities that are more potent in microbial transformed metabolites than in their parent compounds (alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols and terpenoids) from HMs. We hope this review will be conducive to deepening the understanding of the relationship between gut microbial transformation and therapeutic activities of HMs compounds.
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Ma X, Chi C, Fan L, Dong B, Shao X, Xie S, Li M, Xue W. The Microbiome of Prostate Fluid Is Associated With Prostate Cancer. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1664. [PMID: 31379800 PMCID: PMC6659105 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the microbiome of the prostatic fluid in high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) patients. Patients and Methods The microbiome profiles of prostatic fluid samples from 32 prostate cancer (PCa) patients and 27 non-PCa people were assessed. Microbiome analysis was assessed by massive 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results Compared with the NCA group, the microbial diversity was lower in the CA group. There were no specific microbial species in the CA group or NCA group. However, many species, such as those in the genera Alkaliphilus, Enterobacter, Lactococcus, Cronobacter, Carnobacterium, and Streptococcus, showed a significant difference between the CA group and NCA group. Conclusion The prostate contains reduced bacteria, suggesting a possible pathophysiological correlation between the composition of the microbiome and PCa. Meanwhile, this study uncovered that the microbiome may be beneficial in maintaining the stability of the microenvironment of the prostate and provides interesting perspectives for the identification of novel biomarkers in high-PSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfei Chi
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liancheng Fan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shao
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang M, Qiu S, Qin J. Baicalein induced apoptosis and autophagy of undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells by the ERK/PI3K/Akt pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3341-3352. [PMID: 31312348 PMCID: PMC6614652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine system malignancy, and undifferentiated thyroid cancer is one of the most invasive tumors. Studies have found that baicalein, a major flavonoid separated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has an inhibitory effect on a variety of malignant tumor cells. However, the effect of baicalein on undifferentiated thyroid cancer has not yet been investigated. In the present study, follicular undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells (FRO) were treated with different concentrations of baicalein (10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM) for 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, or 48 h; then, the cell viability and clonogenicity were measured. Cell cycles and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometer after FRO cells were treated with baicalein for 36 h or 48 h. After FRO cells were treated with baicalein for 48 h, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8), autophagy-related proteins (Beclin-1, p62, Atg5 and Atg12) and the phosphorylation levels of ERK and Akt in FRO cells were measured by Western blot. The results showed that baicalein reduced the cell viability and cell colony numbers of FRO cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Baicalein also induced cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycles of FRO cells. Baicalein decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax but increased the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8. Furthermore, baicalein induced autophagy in FRO cells. It significantly increased the expression of Beclin-1, Atg5, p62 and Atg12. Baicalein significantly decreased the ratios of p-ERK/ERK and p-Akt/Akt, indicating that it suppressed the ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. In conclusion, baicalein could suppress the growth of undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. The inhibition of the ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways may be involved in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shenglong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
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Baicalin improves intestinal microecology and abnormal metabolism induced by high-fat diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172457. [PMID: 31202804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota and are beneficial to the health of the body. Insufficient SCFAs productions are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We used a long-term high-fat diet to simulate the pathogenesis of T2D and studied the effects of baicalin on gut microbiota and metabolites in mice as well as its mechanism, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of T2D. Baicalin groups were given 200 mg/kg/day, and control groups were given an equal volume of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution for 15 weeks. 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequences was performed to evaluate the gut microbiota composition, and gas chromatography was used to detect SCFAs in stool samples in the different experimental groups. The abundance of gut microbiota in the high-fat model group was altered, and was associated with a decreased production of SCFAs. The microbiota abundance of the baicalin group was closer to that of the control group, increasing the population of SCFA-producing bacteria spp and improving metabolic syndrome, including abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism caused by a high-fat diet. Baicalin may improve abnormalities in glycolipid metabolism by affecting the production of SCFAs.
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Pharmacokinetic study on bruceoside A revealed the potential role of quassinoid glycosides for the anticancer properties of Fructus Bruceae. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 170:264-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang Y, Bian L, Chakraborty T, Ghosh T, Chanda P, Roy S. Construing the Biochemical and Molecular Mechanism Underlying the In Vivo and In Vitro Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Ruthenium-Baicalein Complex in Colon Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1052-1071. [PMID: 31182925 PMCID: PMC6535785 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.31143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of a novel approach in colon cancer therapy, we explored the ability of ruthenium baicalein complex to eradicate colon cancer by efficiently targeting various apoptotic pathways on human colon cancer cell line and on a DMH and DSS induced murine model of colorectal cancer. In this study, we provide direct proof of the chemotherapeutic potential of the ruthenium baicalein complex by activating p-53 dependent intrinsic apoptosis and modulating the AKT/mTOR and WNT/β- catenin pathways. The ruthenium baicalein complex was synthesized and its characterizations were accomplished through various spectroscopic techniques followed by assessment of antioxidant potential by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods. In vitro study established that the complex increased p53 and caspase-3 expressions while down regulating VEGF and mTOR expression, induced apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation in the HT-29 cells. Acute and sub-acute toxicity study was also considered and results from in vivo study revealed that complex was effective in suppressing ACF multiplicity and hyperplastic lesions and also raised the CAT, SOD, and glutathione levels. Furthermore, the complex decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptotic events in tumor cells correlated with the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl2, WNT and β- catenin expressions. Our findings from the in vitro and in vivo study provide robust confirmation that ruthenium baicalein complex possesses a potential chemotherapeutic activity against colon cancer and is competent in reducing ACF multiplicity, hyperplastic lesions in the colon tissues of rats by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin university, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Tania Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus- Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata -700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Torsha Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus- Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata -700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallakhi Chanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus- Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata -700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus- Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata -700053, West Bengal, India
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Muderrisoglu C, Yesil-Celiktas O. High-Yield Biocatalysis of Baicalein 7-O-β-d-Glucuronide to Baicalein Using Soluble Helix pomatia-Derived β-Glucuronidase in a Chemically Defined Acidic Medium. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang L, Zhang D, Wang N, Li S, Tan HY, Feng Y. Polyphenols of Chinese skullcap roots: from chemical profiles to anticancer effects. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25518-25532. [PMID: 35530094 PMCID: PMC9070317 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to identify the principle bioactive constituents of Chinese herbs and to unravel the molecular mechanisms behind their anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchong Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing City
- P. R. China
- School of Chinese Medicine
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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Wang ZL, Wang S, Kuang Y, Hu ZM, Qiao X, Ye M. A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of Scutellaria baicalensis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:465-484. [PMID: 31070530 PMCID: PMC6292351 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1492620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) is a popular medicinal plant. Its roots are used as the famous traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Qin, which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and British Pharmacopoeia. OBJECTIVE This review comprehensively summarizes research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of S. baicalensis. METHODS English and Chinese literature from 1973 to March 2018 was collected from databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, Elsevier, Baidu Scholar (Chinese), and CNKI (Chinese). Scutellaria baicalensis, chemical constituents, phytochemistry, biological activities, and biosynthesis were used as the key words. RESULTS A total of 126 small molecules (1-126) and 6 polysaccharides have been isolated from S. baicalensis. The small molecules can be classified into four structural types, namely, free flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and other small molecules. Extracts of S. baicalensis and its major chemical constituents have been reported to possess anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Key steps in the biosynthetic pathways of Scutellaria flavonoids have also been summarized. CONCLUSIONS This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in the chemical constituents, bioactivities, biosynthesis, and clinical applications of S. baicalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Min Ye State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100191, China
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Baicalin, the major component of traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis induces colon cancer cell apoptosis through inhibition of oncomiRNAs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14477. [PMID: 30262902 PMCID: PMC6160418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequently occurring cancers worldwide. Baicalin is isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis and is its dominant flavonoid. Anticancer activity of baicalin has been evaluated in different types of cancers, especially in CRC. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of baicalin to the treatment of CRC are still unknown. Here, we confirmed that baicalin can effectively induce and enhance apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner and suppress tumour growth in xenografted nude mice. We further performed a miRNA microarray analysis of baicalin-treated and untreated HT-29 cells. The results showed that a large number of oncomiRs, including miR-10a, miR-23a, miR-30c, miR-31, miR-151a and miR-205, were significantly suppressed in baicalin-treated HT-29 cells. Furthermore, our in vitro and in vivo studies showed that baicalin suppressed oncomiRs by reducing the expression of c-Myc. Taken together, our study shows a novel mechanism for anti-cancer action of baicalin, that it induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells and suppresses tumour growth by reducing the expression of c-Myc and oncomiRs.
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Wang J, Zou Y, Wu X, Chen M, Zhang S, Lu X, Wang Q. DACH1 inhibits glioma invasion and tumor growth via the Wnt/catenin pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5853-5863. [PMID: 30271168 PMCID: PMC6149903 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Glioma is the most common and malignant nervous system tumor and is associated with high-grade malignancy and high recurrence. The mammalian Dachshund1 (DACH1) is a recognized anti-tumor site and has low expression in several malignant tumors, including glioma. We designed and conducted this study to further determine the mechanism of DACH1 in glioma. Patients and methods The data collected from specimens of patients with glioma from GSE16011 and REMBRANDT databases were analyzed. The effect of DACH1 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of U87 and U251 cell lines was analyzed in vitro. The symbol targets of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were also evaluated through Western blot. Results DACH1 deficiency was found in glioma tissues, and the DACH1 level was negatively correlated with the tumor malignancy. DACH1 overexpression inhibited the tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. High expression of DACH1 also dampened the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway partly led to the limited proliferation in glioma cells. Conclusion Downregulation of DACH1 was related to the malignancy and poor prognosis of patients with glioma, and DACH1 overexpression inhibited the tumor proliferation via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings might assist in the discovery of novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for DACH1, thereby reducing the malignancy and recurrence of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Zou
- Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xuechao Wu
- Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mu Chen
- Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qing Wang
- Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
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Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases in the Metabolism of Baicalein in Different Species. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 42:981-992. [PMID: 28536775 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baicalein is the major bioactive flavonoid in some herb medicines and dietary plants; however, the detailed metabolism pathway of its major metabolite oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucuronide in human was not clear. It was important to illustrate the major metabolic enzymes that participate in its elimination for the clinic use of baicalein. OBJECTIVES We first revealed a two-step metabolism profile for baicalein and illustrated the combination of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in drug metabolism, further evaluated its bioactivity variation during drug metabolism. METHODS The metabolism profiles were systematically characterized in different human biology preparations; after then, the anti-inflammatory activities of metabolites were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell. RESULTS The first-step metabolite of baicalein was isolated and identified as oroxylin A; soluble-bound COMT (S-COMT) was the major enzyme responsible for its biotransformation. Specially, position 108 mutation of S-COMT significantly decreases the elimination. Meantime, oroxylin A was rapidly metabolized by UGTs, UGT1A1, -1A3, -1A6, -1A7, -1A8, -1A9, and -1A10 which were involved in the glucuronidation. Considerable species differences were observed with 1060-fold K m (3.05 ± 1.86-3234 ± 475 μM) and 330-fold CLint (5.93-1973 μL/min/mg) variations for baicalein metabolism. Finally, the middle metabolite oroxylin A exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory activity with the IC50 value of 28 μM. CONCLUSION The detailed kinetic parameters indicated that COMT provide convenience for the next glucuronidation; monkey would be a preferred animal model for the preclinical investigation of baicalein. Importantly, oroxylin A should be reconsidered in evaluating baicalein efficacy against inflammatory diseases.
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Wang X, Li X, Chen W, Wang R, Bian W, Choi MMF. Phosphorus doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as fluorescence probe for the detection of baicalein. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 198:1-6. [PMID: 29501001 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus doped graphitic carbon nitride (P-g-C3N4) nanosheets were synthesized by calcination. P-g-C3N4 nanosheets were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fluorescence of the P-g-C3N4 nanosheets was gradually quenched with the increase in the concentration of baicalein at room temperature. The proposed probe was used for the determination of baicalein in the concentration 2.0-30μM with a detection limit of 53nM. The quenching mechanism was discussed. The P-g-C3N4 nanosheets have been successfully applied for effective and selective detection of baicalein in human urine samples and blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Xuebing Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Wenfang Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Rulin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Wei Bian
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Martin M F Choi
- Bristol Chinese Christian Church, Tyndale Baptist Church, 137-139 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2QG, United Kingdom
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018. [PMID: 29474889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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66
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Baicalin administration attenuates hyperglycemia-induced malformation of cardiovascular system. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:234. [PMID: 29445081 PMCID: PMC5833405 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Baicalin on the hyperglycemia-induced cardiovascular malformation during embryo development were investigated. Using early chick embryos, an optimal concentration of Baicalin (6 μM) was identified which could prevent hyperglycemia-induced cardiovascular malformation of embryos. Hyperglycemia-enhanced cell apoptosis was reduced in embryos and HUVECs in the presence of Baicalin. Hyperglycemia-induced excessive ROS production was inhibited when Baicalin was administered. Analyses of SOD, GSH-Px, MQAE and GABAA suggested Baicalin plays an antioxidant role in chick embryos possibly through suppression of outwardly rectifying Cl(−) in the high-glucose microenvironment. In addition, hyperglycemia-enhanced autophagy fell in the presence of Baicalin, through affecting the ubiquitin of p62 and accelerating autophagy flux. Both Baicalin and Vitamin C could decrease apoptosis, but CQ did not, suggesting autophagy to be a protective function on the cell survival. In mice, Baicalin reduced the elevated blood glucose level caused by streptozotocin (STZ). Taken together, these data suggest that hyperglycemia-induced embryonic cardiovascular malformation can be attenuated by Baicalin administration through suppressing the excessive production of ROS and autophagy. Baicalin could be a potential candidate drug for women suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus.
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67
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Wang Z, Ma L, Su M, Zhou Y, Mao K, Li C, Peng G, Zhou C, Shen B, Dou J. Baicalin induces cellular senescence in human colon cancer cells via upregulation of DEPP and the activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:217. [PMID: 29440765 PMCID: PMC5833439 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin is a natural flavonoid glycoside which has potent anti-tumor and antioxidant activity in cancer cells. In the present study, we found that baicalin treatment significantly induced senescence in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, baicalin upregulated the expression of decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP) in HCT116 colon cancer cells, which accompanied with the activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and p16INK4A/Rb signaling pathways. Meanwhile, these phenomena also appeared under the anti-oxidation effect exerted by baicalin. In addition, ectopic expression of DEPP in HCT116 cells significantly induced the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in tumor cells regulated by Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Knockdown of DEPP by RNA interference efficiently counteracted the baicalin-mediated growth inhibition, senescence and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Importantly, in a xenograft mouse model of human colon cancer, we further confirmed that baicalin treatment dramatically inhibited tumor growth, which was due to the induction of tumor cellular senescence via the upregulation of DEPP and the activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in vivo. In addition to baicalin treatment, we found that the hypoxia-response protein DEPP functions as a positive regulator involving the regulations of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and inhibition of human colon cancer by other anti-oxidative drugs, such as curcumin and sulforaphane, resulting in tumor cellular senescence. These results collectively suggest that baicalin upregulates the expression of DEPP and activates its downstream Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and p16INK4A/Rb pathways by acting as an antioxidant, leading to senescence in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mengqi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chengqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Changlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jie Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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68
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:33-49. [PMID: 29474889 PMCID: PMC6000254 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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69
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Lu C, Wang H, Chen S, Yang R, Li H, Zhang G. Baicalein inhibits cell growth and increases cisplatin sensitivity of A549 and H460 cells via miR-424-3p and targeting PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2478-2487. [PMID: 29392841 PMCID: PMC5867147 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in individuals with malignant disease. Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, and chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin are the most widely used treatment for this disease. Baicalein is a purified flavonoid compound that has been reported to inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis and increase sensitization to chemotherapeutic drugs via different pathways. Therefore, we assessed the effects of baicalein on the proliferation, apoptosis and cisplatin sensitivity in the NSCLC A549 and H460 cell lines and determined the pathways through which baicalein exerts its effects. Baicalein was slightly toxic to normal human bronchial NHBE cells but inhibited growth, induced apoptosis and increased cisplatin sensitivity in A549 and H460 cells. Baicalein down‐regulated miR‐424‐3p, up‐regulated PTEN expression and down‐regulated expression of PI3K and p‐Akt in A549 and H460 cells. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that PTEN is a target gene of miR‐424‐3p, and overexpression of miR‐424‐3p or silencing of PTEN partially attenuated the effects of baicalein on A549 and H460 cells. Taken together, we concluded that baicalein inhibits cell growth and increases cisplatin sensitivity to A549 and H460 cells via down‐regulation of miR‐424‐3p and targeting the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huaqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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70
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Liu P, Feng J, Sun M, Yuan W, Xiao R, Xiong J, Huang X, Xiong M, Chen W, Yu X, Sun Q, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Shao L. Synergistic effects of baicalein with gemcitabine or docetaxel on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1878-1886. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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71
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Gao C, Zhou Y, Li H, Cong X, Jiang Z, Wang X, Cao R, Tian W. Antitumor effects of baicalin on ovarian cancer cells through induction of cell apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8729-8734. [PMID: 29039573 PMCID: PMC5779949 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin, an active flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been demonstrated to induce various beneficial biochemical effects such as anti‑inflammatory, anti‑viral, and antitumor effects. However, the antitumor mechanism of baicalin is not well understood. In the present study, baicalin was demonstrated to inhibit the viability and migration of a widely used ovarian cancer cell line, A2780, in a dose‑dependent manner. MTT assays revealed that cell viability significantly decreased in ovarian cancer cells treated with baicalin compared with untreated cells, without effect on normal ovarian cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that baicalin suppressed cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. The underlying mechanisms involved were indicated to be downregulation of the anti‑apoptotic protein B‑cell lymphoma 2 apoptosis regulator and activation of caspase‑3 and ‑9. In addition, wound healing and transwell assays revealed that cell migratory potential and expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9 were significantly inhibited when cells were exposed to baicalin, compared with untreated cells. The present study therefore suggested that baicalin has the potential to be used in novel anti‑cancer therapeutic formulations for treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yinglu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Huatao Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xia Cong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Zhongling Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Wenru Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
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72
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Baicalein inhibits progression of osteosarcoma cells through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86098-86116. [PMID: 29156780 PMCID: PMC5689670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a very common type of malignant bone tumor in children and young adults and aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been discovered in osteosarcoma. The traditional Chinese medicine baicalein was proved to have anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic properties in osteosarcoma, but the mechanism remained poorly understood. In the present study, we assessed the effects of baicalein on osteosarcoma and detected the potential molecular mechanism. We found that baicalein significantly suppressed the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In additional, baicalein could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and reduce cell motility. Moreover, the level of β-catenin and its target genes, including c-myc, cyclinD1, and survivin significantly decreased in baicalein-treated osteosarcoma cells, whereas exogenous expression of β-catenin could reverse the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of baicalein. Subsequently, we established a 143B xenograft tumor model and found that baicalein treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth accompanied with inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, these findings suggest that baicalein may be a potentially effective Chinese herbal medicine for therapeutics of osteosarcoma and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may serve as an efficient molecular marker or predictive target for osteosarcoma.
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73
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An efficient, scalable approach to hydrolyze flavonoid glucuronides via activation of glycoside bond. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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74
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Palko-Labuz A, Sroda-Pomianek K, Uryga A, Kostrzewa-Suslow E, Michalak K. Anticancer activity of baicalein and luteolin studied in colorectal adenocarcinoma LoVo cells and in drug-resistant LoVo/Dx cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:232-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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75
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Wang YF, Xu YL, Tang ZH, Li T, Zhang LL, Chen X, Lu JH, Leung CH, Ma DL, Qiang WA, Wang YT, Lu JJ. Baicalein Induces Beclin 1- and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Dependent Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:123-136. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein (BA), one of the major compounds isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Gerogi, exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In this study, we found that BA reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Treatment of cells with BA enhanced microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II) expression, acidic vesicular organelle and GFP-LC3 fluorescence dot accumulation. Combined treatment with chloroquine and BA apparently reduced cell viability and increased the cleavage of poly (ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) in both HEY and A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines, indicating that BA induces a protective autophagy in these cells. Knockdown of Beclin 1 by siRNA remarkably decreased BA-induced LC3-II lipidation. In addition, we found an increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK, Thr202/Thr204) and AKT (Ser473) after BA treatment, and inhibition of ERK activation by the pharmacological inhibitor U0126 or ERK siRNA blocked BA-induced autophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that BA induces Beclin 1- and ERK-dependent autophagy in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-An Qiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Pathology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
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76
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Wang L, Zhang R, Chen J, Wu Q, Kuang Z. Baicalin Protects against TNF-α-Induced Injury by Down-Regulating miR-191a That Targets the Tight Junction Protein ZO-1 in IEC-6 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:435-443. [PMID: 28111380 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in the developing process of inflammatory bowel disease. Tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), one of epithelial junctional proteins, maintains the permeability of intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of baicalin on TNF-α-induced injury and ZO-1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We found that baicalin pretreatment significantly improved cell viability and cell migration following TNF-α stimulation. miR-191a inhibitor increased the protective effect of baicalin on cell motility injured by TNF-α. In addition, miR-191a down-regulated the mRNA and protein level of its target gene ZO-1. TNF-α stimulation increased miR-191a expression, leading to the decline of ZO-1 mRNA and protein. Moreover, pretreatment with baicalin reversed TNF-α induced decrease of ZO-1 and increase of miR-191a, miR-191a inhibitor significantly enhanced ZO-1 protein expression restored by baicalin. These results indicate that baicalin exerts a protective effect on IEC-6 (rat small intestinal epithelial cells) cells against TNF-α-induced injury, which is at least partly via inhibiting the expression of miR-191a, thus increasing ZO-1 mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
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77
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Xu J, Chen HB, Li SL. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of the Interplay Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1140-1185. [PMID: 28052344 DOI: 10.1002/med.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are much appreciated for their significant contribution to human survival and reproduction by remedial and prophylactic management of diseases. Defining the scientific basis of HMs will substantiate their value and promote their modernization. Ever-increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HM therapy by complicated interplay with HM components. This interplay includes such activities as: gut microbiota biotransforming HM chemicals into metabolites that harbor different bioavailability and bioactivity/toxicity from their precursors; HM chemicals improving the composition of gut microbiota, consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions; and gut microbiota mediating the interactions (synergistic and antagonistic) between the multiple chemicals in HMs. More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota-metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM-targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development. The outcomes of such research can further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota, thereby opening a new window for defining the scientific basis of HMs and for guiding HM-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China
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78
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Gong WY, Zhao ZX, Liu BJ, Lu LW, Dong JC. Exploring the chemopreventive properties and perspectives of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein in solid tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:844-852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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79
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Wei Y, Liang J, Zheng X, Pi C, Liu H, Yang H, Zou Y, Ye Y, Zhao L. Lung-targeting drug delivery system of baicalin-loaded nanoliposomes: development, biodistribution in rabbits, and pharmacodynamics in nude mice bearing orthotopic human lung cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 12:251-261. [PMID: 28096670 PMCID: PMC5207434 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s119895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to develop a kind of novel nanoliposomes for the lung-targeting delivery system of baicalin as a Chinese medicine monomer. Baicalin-loaded nanoliposomes were prepared by the effervescent dispersion and lyophilized techniques. Baicalin-loaded nanoliposomes had an average particle size of 131.7±11.7 nm with 0.19±0.02 polydispersity index, 82.8%±1.24% entrapment efficiency and 90.47%±0.93% of yield and sustaining drug release effect over 24 h and were stable for 12 months at least. In vitro no hemolytic activity was observed for the experimental drug concentration. After intravenous administration of baicalin-loaded nanoliposomes to rabbits, drug concentration in the lungs was the highest among the tested organs at all time points and was significantly higher than that of its solution. For the targeting parameters, the relative intake rate and the ratio of peak concentration of lung were 4.837 and 2.789, respectively. Compared with plasma, liver, spleen, and kidney, the ratios of targeting efficacy (Te)liposomes to (Te)injection of lung were increased by a factor of 14.131, 1.893, 3.357, and 3.470, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the baicalin-loaded nanoliposomes did not induce lung injury. Importantly, baicalin-loaded nanoliposomes showed better antitumor therapeutic efficacy in the nude mice bearing orthotopic human lung cancer with the median survival time of blank liposomes (11.40±0.16 days), baicalin solution (17.30±0.47 days), and baicalin-loaded nanoliposomes (25.90±0.53 days). Therefore, the liposome is a promising drug carrier with an excellent lung-targeting property and therapeutic effect for the treatment of lung disease, such as lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District
| | - Chao Pi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Hongru Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Yonggen Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Longma Tan District
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
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80
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Yu Z, Luo X, Wang C, Ye J, Liu S, Xie L, Wang F, Bao J. Baicalin promoted site-2 protease and not site-1 protease in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1093-1101. [PMID: 27833850 PMCID: PMC5095147 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin (5,6-dihydroxy-7-o-glucuronide flavone) is an extract from the roots of Chinese herb Huang Qin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) and is reported to have antioxidative, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of baicalin on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell apoptosis. Two human HCC cell lines, HepG2 and SMMC7221, were used in this study. The cells were incubated with baicalin solutions at various concentrations. A 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess cell proliferation inhibition; a TUNEL assay was used to evaluate cell apoptosis; small RNA interference was applied to silence IRE1, ATF6, and protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), which are transmembrane proteins inducing cell apoptosis, and two proteases (S1P and S2P) which cleave ATF6. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the silencing effects of specific siRNA. Expression levels of specific proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Baicalin was found to inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells by inducing apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Elevated expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, p50-ATF6, and caspase12 were found after baicalin incubation. Compared with IRE1 and PERK silencing, ATF6 knockdown dramatically impaired baicalin's apoptosis-inducing activity. Furthermore, S2P silencing, rather than S1P silencing, was also found to impair baicalin-induced HCC cell apoptosis significantly. In conclusion, (a) baicalin inhibits human HCC cells by inducing apoptosis; (b) baicalin induces cell apoptosis by activating ATF6 signaling pathway in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress;
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yu
- Department of Hepatic Diseases Hangzhou Xixi Hospital China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Hepatic Diseases Hangzhou Xixi Hospital China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Hepatic Diseases Hangzhou Xixi Hospital China
| | - Jianhong Ye
- Department of Hepatic Diseases Hangzhou Xixi Hospital China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Department of Hepatic Diseases Hangzhou Xixi Hospital China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Hepatic Diseases Hangzhou Xixi Hospital China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hepatic Diseases Hangzhou Xixi Hospital China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of Hepatic Diseases Hangzhou Xixi Hospital China
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81
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Liu H, Dong Y, Gao Y, Du Z, Wang Y, Cheng P, Chen A, Huang H. The Fascinating Effects of Baicalein on Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101681. [PMID: 27735841 PMCID: PMC5085714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major global health problem. In recent decades, the rates of both mortality and morbidity of cancer have rapidly increased for a variety of reasons. Despite treatment options, there are serious side effects associated with chemotherapy drugs and multiple forms of drug resistance that significantly reduce their effects. There is an accumulating amount of evidence on the pharmacological activities of baicalein (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor effects). Furthermore, there has been great progress in elucidating the target mechanisms and signaling pathways of baicalein's anti-cancer potential. The anti-tumor functions of baicalein are mainly due to its capacities to inhibit complexes of cyclins to regulate the cell cycle, to scavenge oxidative radicals, to attenuate mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activities, to induce apoptosis by activating caspase-9/-3 and to inhibit tumorinvasion and metastasis by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9). In this review, we focused on the relevant biological mechanisms of baicalein involved in inhibiting various cancers, such as bladder cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. Moreover, we also summarized the specific mechanisms by which baicalein inhibited the growth of various tumors in vivo. Taken together, baicalein may be developed as a potential, novel anticancer drug to treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yutong Gao
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhipeng Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Anmin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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