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Inhibitory Effects of Total Triterpenoid Saponins Isolated from the Seeds of the Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) on Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101649. [PMID: 28974006 PMCID: PMC6151552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is regarded as one of the most severe malignancies for women in the world. Death rates have remained steady over the past five decades, due to the undeniable inefficiency of the current treatment in preventing its recurrence and death. The development of new effective alternative agents for ovarian cancer treatment is becoming increasingly critical. Tea saponins (TS) are triterpenoidsaponins composed of sapogenins, glycosides, and organic acids, which possess a variety of pharmacological activities, and have shown promise in the anti-cancer field. Through cell CellTiter 96® Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation assay (MTS) assay, colony formation, Hoechst 33342 staining assay, caspase-3/7 activities, flow cytometry for apoptosis analysis, and Western blot, we observed that TS isolated from the seeds of tea plants, Camellia sinensis, exhibited strong anti-proliferation inhibitory effects on OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70 ovarian cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that TS may selectivity inhibit human ovarian cancer cells by mediating apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway, and initiating anti-angiogenesis via decreased VEGF protein levels in a HIF-1α-dependent pathway. Our data suggests that, in the future, TS could be incorporated into a potential therapeutic agent against human ovarian cancer.
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52
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Zhang C, Suen CLC, Yang C, Quek SY. Antioxidant capacity and major polyphenol composition of teas as affected by geographical location, plantation elevation and leaf grade. Food Chem 2017; 244:109-119. [PMID: 29120758 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols have been a topic of discussion due to their health benefits. Nevertheless, detailed studies on the antioxidant capacity and polyphenol contents of teas in relation to factors including geographical locations, plantation elevations and leaf grades have been limited. In this study, 53 tea samples were analysed to determine the individual and total catechin and theaflavin contents by HPLC and the total antioxidant capacity by Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) methods. Results show that the polyphenol (catechins and theaflavins) contents were significantly influenced by plantation location. Black tea from low plantation elevation contained 22-28% more polyphenols than those from high elevation. Small tea leaves had up to 15% more polyphenols than larger leaves from similar elevation. The results were further confirmed by Principal Composition Analysis (PCA), which grouped the black and green tea samples into 3 different clusters, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhang
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Claire Li-Chieh Suen
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chao Yang
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Siew Young Quek
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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53
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Kawahara N, Ogawa K, Nagayasu M, Kimura M, Sasaki Y, Kobayashi H. Candidate synthetic lethality partners to PARP inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian clear cell cancer. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:391-399. [PMID: 29109859 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are new types of personalized treatment of relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer harboring BRCA1/2 mutations. Ovarian clear cell cancer (CCC), a subset of ovarian cancer, often appears as low-stage disease with a higher incidence among Japanese. Advanced CCC is highly aggressive with poor patient outcome. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential synthetic lethality gene pairs for PARP inhibitions in patients with CCC through virtual and biological screenings as well as clinical studies. We conducted a literature review for putative PARP sensitivity genes that are associated with the CCC pathophysiology. Previous studies identified a variety of putative target genes from several pathways associated with DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling complex, PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, Notch signaling, cell cycle checkpoint signaling, BRCA-associated complex and Fanconi's anemia susceptibility genes that could be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PARP inhibition. BRCA1/2, ATM, ATR, BARD1, CCNE1, CHEK1, CKS1B, DNMT1, ERBB2, FGFR2, MRE11A, MYC, NOTCH1 and PTEN were considered as candidate genes for synthetic lethality gene partners for PARP interactions. When considering the biological background underlying PARP inhibition, we hypothesized that PARP inhibitors would be a novel synthetic lethal therapeutic approach for CCC tumors harboring homologous recombination deficiency and activating oncogene mutations. The results showed that the majority of CCC tumors appear to have indicators of DNA repair dysfunction similar to those in BRCA-mutation carriers, suggesting the possible utility of PARP inhibitors in a subset of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mika Nagayasu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mai Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Wang Y, Ren N, Rankin GO, Li B, Rojanasakul Y, Tu Y, Chen YC. Anti-proliferative effect and cell cycle arrest induced by saponins extracted from tea ( Camellia sinensis) flower in human ovarian cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2017; 37:310-321. [PMID: 32719725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) flower saponins (TFS) have various biological properties. However, the anti-cancer effects of TFS have not been investigated in any detail. Here, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of TFS using human ovarian cancer cell lines. TFS (1.5 μg/ml) produced significant antiproliferative effects against A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells by inducing p53-dependent apoptosis and S phase arrest. Further study showed that TFS decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, activated Caspase-3/7, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 activities, and that the p53 inhibitor PFT-α reversed the TFS-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. In addition, TFS inhibited the expression of Cdc25A, Cdk2, and CyclinD1 and upregulated Cyclin E and Cyclin A, suggesting that the Cdc25A-Cdk2-Cyclin E/A pathway was involved in TFS-induced S phase arrest. Furthermore, the S phase arrest was associated with a Chk2-Cdc25A DNA damage response. These results demonstrated that TFS has promising potential serving as functional food components for prevention of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomin Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.,College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV25755, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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55
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Zhao X, Liu F, Jin H, Li R, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wang H, Chen W. Involvement of PKCα and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in EGCG's protection against stress-induced neural injuries in Wistar rats. Neuroscience 2017; 346:226-237. [PMID: 28131624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced neural injuries are closely linked to the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders and psychosomatic diseases. We and others have previously demonstrated certain protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in stress-induced cerebral impairments, but the underlying protective mechanisms still remain poorly elucidated. Here we provide evidence to support the possible involvement of PKCα and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways in EGCG-mediated protection against restraint stress-induced neural injuries in rats. In both open-field and step-through behavioral tests, the restraint stress-induced neuronal impairments were significantly ameliorated by administration of EGCG or green tea polyphenols (GTPs), which was associated with a partial restoration of normal plasma glucocorticoid, dopamine and serotonin levels. Furthermore, the stress-induced decrease of PKCα and ERK1/2 expression and phosphorylation was significantly attenuated by EGCG and to a less extent by GTP administration. Additionally, EGCG supplementation restored the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the expression of a key regulator of cellular energy metabolism, the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), in stressed animals. In conclusion, PKCα and ERK1/2 signaling pathways as well as PGC-1α-mediated ATP production might be involved in EGCG-mediated protection against stress-induced neural injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengqin Liu
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haimin Jin
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Renjia Li
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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Hu X, Ping Z, Gan M, Tao Y, Wang L, Shi J, Wu X, Zhang W, Yang H, Xu Y, Wang Z, Geng D. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate represses osteoclastogenesis and prevents wear debris-induced osteolysis via suppression of ERK pathway. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:479-488. [PMID: 27838465 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implant osteolysis (PIO) and the following aseptic loosening is the leading cause of implant failure. Emerging evidence suggests that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclastic bone resorption are responsible for particle-stimulated PIO. Here, we explored the effect of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3) on titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly separated into four groups: sham control (sham), titanium particles only (titanium), titanium particles with low TF3 concentration (low-TF3, 1mg/kg TF3), and titanium particles with high TF3 concentration (high-TF3, 10mg/kg TF3). Two weeks later, micro-computed tomography and histological analysis were performed. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages and RAW264.7 murine macrophages were applied to examine osteoclast formation and differentiation. TF3 significantly inhibited titanium particle-induced osteolysis and prevented bone destruction compared with titanium group. Interestingly, the number of mature osteoclasts reduced after treatment with TF3 in vivo, suggesting osteoclast formation might be inhibited by TF3. In vitro, TF3 suppressed osteoclast formation, polarization and osteoclastic bone resorption by specifically targeting the RANKL-induced ERK signal pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that TF3, a natural active compound derived from black tea, is a promising candidate for the treatment of osteoclast-related osteolytic diseases, such as wear debris-induced PIO. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Total joint arthroplasty is widely accepted for the treatment of end-stage joint diseases. However, it is reported that aseptic loosening, initiated by peri-implant osteolysis, is the major reason for prosthesis failure. Although the pathophysiology of PIO remains unclear, increasing evidence indicates that osteoclasts are excessively activated at the implant site by wear debris from materials. Here, we demonstrated that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, a natural active compound derived from black tea, inhibited osteoclast formation and osteoclastic bone resorption mainly via suppressing the ERK pathway. Moreover, the findings of this study have confirmed for the first time that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate has a protective effect on particle-induced osteolysis in a mouse calvarial model, thus preventing bone loss. These results indicate that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate may be a suitable therapeutic agent to treat wear debris-induced peri-implant osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Zichuan Ping
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Yunxia Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Xiexing Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
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Lei S, Xie M, Hu B, Zhou L, Sun Y, Saeeduddin M, Zhang H, Zeng X. Effective synthesis of theaflavin-3,3′-digallate with epigallocatechin-3- O -gallate and epicatechin gallate as substrates by using immobilized pear polyphenol oxidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:709-718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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58
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Narai-Kanayama A, Kawashima A, Uchida Y, Kawamura M, Nakayama T. Specificity of tyrosinase-catalyzed synthesis of theaflavins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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59
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Liu Y, Su C, Shan Y, Yang S, Ma G. Targeting Notch1 inhibits invasion and angiogenesis of human breast cancer cells via inhibition Nuclear Factor-κB signaling. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2681-2692. [PMID: 27398151 PMCID: PMC4931162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Notch-1, a type-1 transmembrane protein, plays critical roles in the pathogenesis and progression of human malignancies, including breast cancer; however, the precise mechanism by which Notch-1 causes tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis remain unclear. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are critically involved in the processes of tumor cell invasion and metastasis, we investigated whether targeting Notch-1 could be mechanistically associated with the down-regulation of NF-κB, IL-8, VEGF, and MMP-9, resulting in the inhibition of invasion and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells. Our data showed that down-regulation of Notch-1 leads to the inactivation of NF-κB activity and inhibits the expression of its target genes, such as IL-8, VEGF and MMP-9. We also found that down-regulation of Notch-1 decreased cell invasion, and vice versa Consistent with these results, we also found that the down-regulation of Notch-1 not only decreased MMP-9 mRNA and its protein expression but also inhibited MMP-9 active form. Moreover, conditioned medium from Notch-1 siRNA-transfected breast cancer cells showed reduced levels of IL-8 and VEGF and, in turn, inhibited the tube formation of HUVECs, suggesting that down-regulation of Notch-1 leads to the inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, conditioned medium from Notch-1 cDNA-transfected breast cancer cells showed increased levels of IL-8 and VEGF and, in turn, promoted the tube formation of HUVECs, suggesting that Notch-1 overexpression leads to the promotion of angiogenesis.We therefore concluded that down-regulation of Notch-1 leads to the inactivation NF-κB and its target genes (IL-8, MMP-9 and VEGF), resulting in the inhibition of invasion and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Linyi Tumor Hospital Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanfu Su
- Department of Breast Surgery, Linyi Tumor Hospital Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Shan
- Department of Imaging, People's Hospital of Rizhao Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Shouxiang Yang
- Department of Imaging, People's Hospital of Rizhao Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Guifeng Ma
- Department of Imaging, People's Hospital of Rizhao Rizhao, Shandong, China
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