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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Strategy for Effective Eradication of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050732. [PMID: 31137841 PMCID: PMC6562442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate, and initiate and maintain tumor growth, and they are considered to be the main drivers of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. While conventional chemotherapy can eradicate the majority of non-CSC tumor cells, CSCs are often drug-resistant, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. The heterogeneity of CSCs is the main challenge in developing CSC-targeting therapy; therefore, we and other investigators have focused on developing novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional chemotherapy with inhibitors of CSC-regulating pathways. Encouraging preclinical findings have suggested that CSC pathway blockade can indeed enhance cellular sensitivity to non-targeted conventional therapy, and this work has led to several ongoing clinical trials of CSC pathway inhibitors. Our studies in bladder cancer and lung adenocarcinoma have demonstrated a crucial role of YAP1, a transcriptional regulator of genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, in regulating CSC phenotypes. Moreover, using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, we showed that inhibition of YAP1 enhances the efficacy of conventional therapies by attenuating CSC stemness features. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for targeting CSCs in several cancers and discuss the potential and challenges of the approach.
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Robinson NJ, Taylor DJ, Schiemann WP. Stem cells, immortality, and the evolution of metastatic properties in breast cancer: telomere maintenance mechanisms and metastatic evolution. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2019; 5:39. [PMID: 31440584 PMCID: PMC6706062 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most significant cause of cancer-related death in women around the world. The vast majority of breast cancer-associated mortality stems from metastasis, which remains an incurable disease state. Metastasis results from evolution of clones that possess the insidious properties required for dissemination and colonization of distant organs. These clonal populations are descended from breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are also responsible for their prolonged maintenance and continued evolution. Telomeres impose a lifespan on cells that can be extended when they are actively elongated, as occurs in CSCs. Thus, changes in telomere structure serve to promote the survival of CSCs and subsequent metastatic evolution. The selection of telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) has important consequences not only for CSC survival and evolution, but also for their coordination of various signaling pathways that choreograph the metastatic cascade. Targeting the telomere maintenance machinery may therefore provide a boon to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Here we review the two major TMMs and the roles they play in the development of stem and metastatic breast cancer cells. We also highlight current and future approaches to targeting these mechanisms in clinical settings to alleviate metastatic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Derek J. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William P. Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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53
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Xu H, Sun Y, Zeng L, Li Y, Hu S, He S, Chen H, Zou Q, Luo B. Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha increases chemosensitivity in cervical carcinoma through suppressing β-catenin signaling. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:912-921. [PMID: 30829552 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1579961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2α) is a key mediator of tumorigenesis. In this study, by using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches in cell models and patient samples, we identify cPLA2α as a selective target to increase chemosensitivity in cervical cancer. We found that transcript and protein levels of cPLA2α but not other forms of cPLA2 (e.g., cPLA2β and cPLA2αδ) were consistently increased in all tested malignant cervical cancer cells and tissues compared to normal counterparts, suggesting that cPLA2α upregulation is a common feature in cervical cancer. We further found that promoting growth and survival rather than invasion were the predominant roles of cPLA2α on cervical cancer. In addition, chemotherapeutic agents achieved ~100% inhibition efficacy in cPLA2α-depleted cervical cancer cells, demonstrating the important role of cPLA2α in chemoresistance. Importantly, we identify that β-catenin is critically involved in the molecular mechanism of cPLA2α's action in cervical cancer. In summary, our work demonstrates the multiple essential roles of cPLA2α in cervical cancer, particularly in chemoresistance, via a β-catenin-dependent manner. Our work also suggests that targeting cPLA2α has a therapeutic value in overcoming chemoresistance in cervical cancer or other cPLA2α-regulated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuan Sun
- b College of Pharmacy , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Lan Zeng
- c Clinical College of Chinese Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Ying Li
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Shan Hu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Shuping He
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Haixia Chen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Qing Zou
- d Department of Clinical Medicine, Huangshi Puren Hospital , Huangshi , China
| | - Baoping Luo
- e Department of Oncology , Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
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54
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Malta TM, Sokolov A, Gentles AJ, Burzykowski T, Poisson L, Weinstein JN, Kamińska B, Huelsken J, Omberg L, Gevaert O, Colaprico A, Czerwińska P, Mazurek S, Mishra L, Heyn H, Krasnitz A, Godwin AK, Lazar AJ, Stuart JM, Hoadley KA, Laird PW, Noushmehr H, Wiznerowicz M. Machine Learning Identifies Stemness Features Associated with Oncogenic Dedifferentiation. Cell 2019; 173:338-354.e15. [PMID: 29625051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1216] [Impact Index Per Article: 243.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression involves the gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype and acquisition of progenitor and stem-cell-like features. Here, we provide novel stemness indices for assessing the degree of oncogenic dedifferentiation. We used an innovative one-class logistic regression (OCLR) machine-learning algorithm to extract transcriptomic and epigenetic feature sets derived from non-transformed pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny. Using OCLR, we were able to identify previously undiscovered biological mechanisms associated with the dedifferentiated oncogenic state. Analyses of the tumor microenvironment revealed unanticipated correlation of cancer stemness with immune checkpoint expression and infiltrating immune cells. We found that the dedifferentiated oncogenic phenotype was generally most prominent in metastatic tumors. Application of our stemness indices to single-cell data revealed patterns of intra-tumor molecular heterogeneity. Finally, the indices allowed for the identification of novel targets and possible targeted therapies aimed at tumor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathiane M Malta
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - John N Weinstein
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bożena Kamińska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of PAS, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joerg Huelsken
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne; Switzerland
| | | | | | - Antonio Colaprico
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB)(2), 1050 Bruxelles; Belgium
| | | | - Sylwia Mazurek
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61701 Poznań, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lopa Mishra
- George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - Holger Heyn
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Krasnitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Stuart
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - Peter W Laird
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049, Brazil.
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61701 Poznań, Poland; Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61866 Poznań, Poland; International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 60203 Poznań, Poland.
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55
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Harb J, Lin PJ, Hao J. Recent Development of Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitors for Cancer Therapeutics. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:12. [PMID: 30715618 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review current understanding of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in cancer and provide updated knowledge in current clinical trials of Wnt signaling drugs. RECENT FINDINGS Important roles of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in cancer have been increasingly recognized. Recent clinical trials of several Wnt-signaling drugs have showed promising outcomes. In addition, some drugs that were originally approved for the treatment of other diseases have been recently found to block Wnt signaling, highlighting their potential to treat Wnt-dependent cancer. Dysfunction of Wnt signaling is implicated in cancer, and targeting Wnt signaling represents a useful approach to treat cancer. Current clinical trials of Wnt signaling drugs have showed promising outcomes, and repurposing the previously approved drugs for other diseases to treat Wnt-dependent cancer requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Harb
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Pen-Jen Lin
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Jijun Hao
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E 2nd Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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56
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Self-renewal signaling pathways in breast cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 107:140-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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57
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Gu HF, Mao XY, Du M. Prevention of breast cancer by dietary polyphenols-role of cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:810-825. [PMID: 30632783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1551778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. Cancer cells are heterogeneous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumor relapse, treatment-resistance and metastasis, so for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Diets are known to be associated with carcinogenesis. Food-derived polyphenols are able to attenuate the formation and virulence of BCSCs, implying that these compounds and their analogs might be promising agents for preventing breast cancer. In the present review, we summarized the origin and surface markers of BCSCs and possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on BCSCs. The suppressive effects of common dietary polyphenols against BCSCs, such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and related polyphenolic compounds were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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58
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Butti R, Gunasekaran VP, Kumar TVS, Banerjee P, Kundu GC. Breast cancer stem cells: Biology and therapeutic implications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:38-52. [PMID: 30529656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains to be a dreadful disease even with several advancements in radiation and chemotherapies, owing to the drug resistance and tumor relapse caused by breast cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are a minute population of cells of solid tumors which show self-renewal and differentiation properties as well as tumorigenic potential. Several signaling pathways including Notch, Hippo, Wnt and Hedgehog and tumor-stroma exchanges play a critical role in the self-renewal and differentiation of cancer stem cells in breast cancer. Cancer stem cells can grow anchorage-independent manner so they disseminate to different parts of the body to form secondary tumors. Cancer stem cells promote angiogenesis by dedifferentiating to endothelial cells as well as secreting proangiogenic and angiogenic factors. Moreover, multidrug resistance genes and drug efflux transporters expressed in breast cancer stem cells confer resistance to various conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Indeed, these therapies are recognised to enhance the percent of cancer stem cell population in tumors leading to cancer relapse with increased aggressiveness. Hence, devising the therapeutic interventions to target cancer stem cells would be useful in increasing patients' survival rates. In addition, targeting the self-renewal pathways and tumor-stromal cross-talk helps in eradicating this population. Reversal of the cancer stem cell-mediated drug resistance would increase the sensitivity to various conventional drugs for the effective management of breast cancer. In this review, we have discussed the cancer stem cell origin and their involvement in angiogenesis, metastasis and therapy-resistance. We have also summarized different therapeutic approaches to eradicate the same for the successful treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Butti
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India.
| | | | - Totakura V S Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Pinaki Banerjee
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India.
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59
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Cai Z, Cao Y, Luo Y, Hu H, Ling H. Signalling mechanism(s) of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells in tumour therapeutic resistance. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 483:156-163. [PMID: 29709449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leads to tumour progression, including tumour metastasis, disease recurrence and therapy resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small group of cells that have the ability to undergo self-renewal and heterogeneous differentiation, which play a key role in the occurrence and development of cancer. EMT can promote tumour cells to develop stem cell characteristics, which makes tumours more difficult to treat. Therefore, exploring the role of EMT and CSCs in the metastasis of cancer is of great significance to guide tumour treatment and prognosis. In this review, we discuss EMT and CSCs in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, with a special focus on the common characteristics and relationships between these processes, to explore the crucial relationships in the development of improved anti-tumour therapies. AREAS COVERED In this brief review article, the author has searched PubMed and Wikipedia for original research and reviewed articles to gather current information on the association of CSCs and EMT with therapeutic resistance characteristics, cancer growth and metastasis, which are believed to be regulated by the TGF-β, Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh), β-catenin, STAT3, Notch, and Nanog signalling pathways and other factors (miRNAs, microenvironment and additional cytokines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Yijing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Yichen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Haobin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China.
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60
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Li X, Meng Y, Xie C, Zhu J, Wang X, Li Y, Geng S, Wu J, Zhong C, Li M. Diallyl Trisulfide inhibits breast cancer stem cells via suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4134-4141. [PMID: 29243835 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in the development of breast cancer. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway is critical for maintaining CSCs characteristics. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a natural organosulfur compound from the garlic, exhibits effective antitumor properties. However, the role of DATS in regulating breast CSCs activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, we reported that DATS efficiently inhibited the viability of breast CSCs as evidenced by reducing turmorspheres formation, decreasing the expression of breast CSCs markers (CD44, ALDH1A1, Nanog, and Oct4), as well as inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed that DATS downregulated the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, while LiCl-triggered Wnt/β-catenin activation diminished DATS inhibition on breast CSCs. Taken together, our results illustrated that DATS suppressed breast CSCs through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. These novel findings could provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of breast CSCs regulation as well as its target intervention and might provide new strategies for preventing and treating breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Jiang P, Chen A, Wu X, Zhou M, Ul Haq I, Mariyam Z, Feng Q. NEAT1 acts as an inducer of cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in NSCLC by inhibiting EGCG-upregulated CTR1. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4852-4863. [PMID: 29152741 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play significant roles in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological function of lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have been suggested as the main cause of tumor metastasis, tumor recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance. The copper transporter 1 (CTR1) has been the focus of many recent studies because of its correlation with cisplatin (CDDP) resistance. So far, the mechanism of how NEAT1 regulates CSCs in NSCLC remains unknown. In the current study, lung cancer stem cells were enriched from the parental NSCLC cells. We observed that NEAT1 was up-regulated while copper transporter 1 (CTR1) was down-regulated in the enriched NSCLC cancer stem cells. Knockdown of NEAT1 was able to decrease the CSC-like properties in NSCLC cells, while over-expression of NEAT1 could contribute to the stemness respectively. Meanwhile, appropriate doses of EGCG restrained the stemness triggered by over-expressing NEAT1 via inducing CTR1 expression. Wnt signal pathway and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process were involved in NEAT1-induced CSCs in NSCLC. These findings may suggest a novel role of NEAT1 for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aochang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ijaz Ul Haq
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zahula Mariyam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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62
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Jiang P, Xu C, Zhou M, Zhou H, Dong W, Wu X, Chen A, Feng Q. RXRα-enriched cancer stem cell-like properties triggered by CDDP in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Carcinogenesis 2017; 39:252-262. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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63
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Pyrvinium Sensitizes Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Response to Chemotherapy Via Casein Kinase 1α-Dependent Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin. Am J Med Sci 2017; 355:274-280. [PMID: 29549930 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin activation has been shown to play essential roles in cancer, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this work, we demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin inhibition by a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, pyrvinium, effectively targets clear cell RCC and enhances chemotherapy agent's efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed in vitro cell culture assays and in vivo xenograft tumor model to evaluate the effects of pyrvinium alone and its combination with paclitaxel, and analyzed the underlying mechanism(s) of pyrvinium's action in RCC. RESULTS We show that pyrvinium inhibits growth and induces apoptosis via caspase pathway in a panel of RCC cell lines. It decreases β-catenin activity and its downstream Wnt-targeted genes transcription via axin-mediated β-catenin protein reduction. Overexpression of β-catenin completely reverses the effects of pyrvinium, demonstrating that β-catenin inhibition is required for pyrvinium's action in clear cell RCC. Furthermore, we found that pyrvinium failed to decrease β-catenin protein level and activity in casein kinase 1α (CK1α)-depleted clear cell RCC cells, demonstrating that pyrvinium inhibits β-catenin in a CK1α-dependent manner. Notably, decreased tumor growth and β-catenin levels were observed in clear cell RCC xenograft mouse model treated with pyrvinium. Combination of pyrvinium and paclitaxel resulted in greater efficacy in in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that pyrvinium is a useful addition to the treatment armamentarium for clear cell RCC. Our work also demonstrate that targeting Wnt/β-catenin is a potential therapeutic strategy in clear cell RCC.
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Jung SI, Rodriguez N, Irrizary J, Liboro K, Bogarin T, Macias M, Eivers E, Porter E, Filler SG, Park H. Yeast casein kinase 2 governs morphology, biofilm formation, cell wall integrity, and host cell damage of Candida albicans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187721. [PMID: 29107946 PMCID: PMC5673188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory networks governing morphogenesis of a pleomorphic fungus, Candida albicans are extremely complex and remain to be completely elucidated. This study investigated the function of C. albicans yeast casein kinase 2 (CaYck2p). The yck2Δ/yck2Δ strain displayed constitutive pseudohyphae in both yeast and hyphal growth conditions, and formed enhanced biofilm under non-biofilm inducing condition. This finding was further supported by gene expression analysis of the yck2Δ/yck2Δ strain which showed significant upregulation of UME6, a key transcriptional regulator of hyphal transition and biofilm formation, and cell wall protein genes ALS3, HWP1, and SUN41, all of which are associated with morphogenesis and biofilm architecture. The yck2Δ/yck2Δ strain was hypersensitive to cell wall damaging agents and had increased compensatory chitin deposition in the cell wall accompanied by an upregulation of the expression of the chitin synthase genes, CHS2, CHS3, and CHS8. Absence of CaYck2p also affected fungal-host interaction; the yck2Δ/yck2Δ strain had significantly reduced ability to damage host cells. However, the yck2Δ/yck2Δ strain had wild-type susceptibility to cyclosporine and FK506, suggesting that CaYck2p functions independently from the Ca+/calcineurin pathway. Thus, in C. albicans, Yck2p is a multifunctional kinase that governs morphogenesis, biofilm formation, cell wall integrity, and host cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-In Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Natalie Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jihyun Irrizary
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karl Liboro
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Thania Bogarin
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marlene Macias
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Edward Eivers
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Edith Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Scott G. Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Hyunsook Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Li C, Li Y, Zhu Z. Involvement of breast cancer stem cells in tumor angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8150-8155. [PMID: 29344258 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in the angiogenesis of breast cancer tumors. The expression levels of mutant p53, cluster of differentiation (CD)31, vascular endothelial factor (VEGF), in addition to human epidermal growth factor (HER)2, were detected in the blood vessels of human breast cancer (BC) tissue samples. CD44+/CD24-/low cells were selected from single-cell suspensions of BC tissues to assess the expression of CD31 and CD105, in addition to the ability of these cells to metabolize acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL). Furthermore, vascular-like structures were observed histologically. Mutant p53, CD31 and VEGF were all expressed in these tissues. CD44+ cells comprised 7.5±2.6 and 94.3±4.7% of the cell population prior to and following sorting, respectively. CD24+ cells comprised 48.2±9.4 and 4.3±4% of the cell population prior to and following sorting, respectively. A low proportion of CD24+ cells corresponded to a high proportion of CD24-/low cells. The percentages of CD105+ and CD31+ glomus cells in the mammary gland were 4.5±0.9 and 6.2±1.3%, respectively, and following passaging for three generations, these increased to 79.6±9.3 and 84.1±10.7%, respectively (P<0.05). Cells were cultured using an endothelial cell culture system, and they internalized DiL-Ac-LDL. Here, vascular endothelial cells formed vascular-like structures, whereas the control group demonstrated no such structures. Overall, the results suggest that BCSCs-derived endothelial cells may contribute to tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Zhitu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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66
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Yan N, Xu H, Zhang J, Xu L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Xu Y, Zhang F. Circular RNA profile indicates circular RNA VRK1 is negatively related with breast cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95704-95718. [PMID: 29221160 PMCID: PMC5707054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), have been shown to be implicated in biological processes including cancer as gene expression regulators. However, the roles of circRNAs in cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been unexplored. In the present study, we screened the circRNA profile in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) using RNA-Sequencing. Here, 27 circRNAs were found to be aberrantly expressed. Of these, 19 circRNAs were downregulated and 8 were upregulated and some of these circRNAs were validated by Q-PCR. Furthermore, we constructed the circRNA/miRNA network by bioinformatics approaches and hypothesized that circRNAs might be involved in stemness of BCSCs via serving as miRNA sponges. Importantly, we found that circular RNA VRK1 (circVRK1) could suppress BCSC's expansion and self-renewal capacity. Collectively, the present work provides the first reported evidence of the circRNA profile and circRNA/miRNA interplay in BCSCs. In addition, these findings lay foundation to explore the functions of circRNAs in CSCs and indicate that circVRK1 might be a promising target for BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Yan
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Oncology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Jinnan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Prevention and Cure Center of Breast Disease, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330009, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & SJTUSM, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Oncology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Oncology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, China
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67
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Li W, Cai S, Wang L, Yang C, Zhou B, Wang H. HINT2 downregulation promotes colorectal carcinoma migration and metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13521-13531. [PMID: 28088787 PMCID: PMC5355117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding 2 (HINT2), a member of the histidine triad proteins family, sensitizes cells to apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we showed that HINT2 expression is lower in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis tissues than in normal colorectal tissues, and that HINT2 abundance is inversely correlated with CRC tumor stage. Treating CRC cells with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a demethylating agent, upregulated HINT2, suggesting HINT2 downregulation is caused by methylation of the gene promoter. HINT2 downregulation increased tumor migration and invasion in vitro, promoted CRC cell metastasis in vivo, and increased expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Furthermore, HINT2 downregulation depended on hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α-mediated transcriptional activation of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). These results suggest that HINT2 downregulation promotes HIF-2α expression, which induces EMT and enhances CRC cell migration and invasion. HINT2 may thus a useful clinical indicator of CRC progression and metastasis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shaoxin Cai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Changshun Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Biaohuan Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Yan N, Xu L, Wu X, Zhang L, Fei X, Cao Y, Zhang F. GSKJ4, an H3K27me3 demethylase inhibitor, effectively suppresses the breast cancer stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:405-414. [PMID: 28823831 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, studies have been suggested that H3K27me3 is implicated with maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), however, the roles of H3K27me3 in Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remain poorly investigated. Here we explore the functionallities of H3K27me3 on BCSCs, we identify H3K27me3 as a negative modulator of BCSCs and suggest GSKJ4 is a promising drug targeting BCSCs. We show that the H3K27me3 level is decreased in mammosphere-derived BCSCs. In breast cancer cells, we demonstrate that GSKJ4 could markedly inhibit the proliferation. Strikingly, we show that GSKJ4 could effectively suppress BCSCs including expansion, self-renewal capacity, and the expression of stemness-related markers. Additionally, our xenograft model confirms that GSKJ4 is able to effectively inhibit the tumorigenicity of MDA-MB-231. Mechanistically, the inhibition effects of GSKJ4 on BCSCs are via inhibiting demethylases JMJD3 and UTX with methyltransferase EZH2 unchanged, which enhances H3K27me3 level. H3K27me3 activating leads to reduction of BCSCs expansion, self-renewal and global level of stemness factors. Collectively, our results provide strong supports that H3K27me3 exerts a suppressive influence on BCSCs and reveal that GSKJ4 is capable to be a prospective agent targeting BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Yan
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Oncology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Prevention and Cure Center of Breast Disease, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 33009, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Prevention and Cure Center of Breast Disease, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 33009, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Oncology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Prevention and Cure Center of Breast Disease, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 33009, China.
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Oncology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, China.
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Nilendu P, Kumar A, Kumar A, Pal JK, Sharma NK. Breast cancer stem cells as last soldiers eluding therapeutic burn: A hard nut to crack. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:7-17. [PMID: 28722143 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are found in many cancer types, including breast carcinoma. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are considered as seed of cancer formation and they are associated with metastasis and genotoxic drug resistance. Several studies highlighted the presence of BCSCs in tumor microenvironment and they are accentuated with several carcinoma events including metastasis and resistance to genotoxic drugs and they also rebound after genotoxic burn. Stemness properties of a small population of cells in carcinoma have provided clues regarding the role of tumor microenvironment in tumor pathophysiology. Hence, insights in cancer stem cell biology with respect to molecular signaling, genetics and epigenetic behavior of CSCs have been used to modulate tumor drug resistance due to genotoxic drugs and signaling protein inhibitors. This review summarizes major scientific breakthroughs in understanding the contribution of BCSCs towards tumor's capability to endure destruction inflicted by molecular as well as genotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritish Nilendu
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Azad Kumar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Jayanta K Pal
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
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Yang F, Xu J, Tang L, Guan X. Breast cancer stem cell: the roles and therapeutic implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:951-966. [PMID: 27530548 PMCID: PMC11107600 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancers have been increasingly recognized as malignancies displaying frequent inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is represented by diverse subtypes and complexity within tumors, and impinges on response to therapy, metastasis, and prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells endowed with self-renewal and differentiation capacity, have been suggested to contribute to tumor heterogeneity. The CSC concept posits a hierarchical organization of tumors, at the apex of which are stem cells that drive tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. In breast cancer, CSCs have been proposed to contribute to malignant progression, suggesting that targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) may improve treatment efficacy. Currently, several markers have been reported to identify BCSCs. However, there is objective variability with respect to the frequency and phenotype of BCSCs among different breast cancer cell lines and patients, and the regulatory mechanisms of BCSCs remain unclear. In this review, we summarize current literature about the diversity of BCSC markers, the roles of BCSCs in tumor development, and the regulatory mechanisms of BCSCs. We also highlight the most recent advances in BCSC targeting therapies and the challenges in translating the knowledge into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Wang W, Hu P. Targeting of Wnt/β-Catenin by Anthelmintic Drug Pyrvinium Enhances Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:266-275. [PMID: 28090074 PMCID: PMC5266205 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin has been shown to promote ovarian cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. Pyrvinium, an FDA-approved anthelmintic drug, has been identified as a potent Wnt inhibitor. Pyrvinium may sensitize ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of pyrvinium alone and its combination with paclitaxel in ovarian cancer was investigated using an in vitro culture system and in vivo xenograft models. The mechanisms of its action were also analyzed, focusing on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. RESULTS Pyrvinium inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of paclitaxel- and cisplatin-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines A2278/PTX and SK-OV-3. Its combination with paclitaxel was synergistic in targeting ovarian cancer cells in vitro. In 3 independent ovarian xenograft mouse models, pyrvinium alone inhibited tumor growth. More importantly, we observed significant inhibition of tumor growth throughout the treatment when using pyrvinium and paclitaxel combined. Mechanistically, pyrvinium increased the Wnt-negative regulator axin and decreased the b-catenin levels in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, pyrvinium suppressed Wnt/b-catenin-mediated transcription, as shown by the decreased mRNA levels of MYC, cyclin D, and BCL-9. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of pyrvinium were reversed by β-catenin stabilization or overexpression, demonstrating that pyrvinium acted on ovarian cancer cells via targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the anthelmintic drug pyrvinium targets ovarian cancer cells through suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our work highlights the therapeutic value of inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenge Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Shuirong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenrong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jingzhou Third People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Lin D, Kuang G, Wan J, Zhang X, Li H, Gong X, Li H. Luteolin suppresses the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via downregulation of β-catenin expression. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:895-902. [PMID: 27959422 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of breast cancer is associated with dismal prognosis and high mortality due to the lack of effective treatment. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid compound, has been shown to exert antitumor activity in various types of cancers. However, the effects and mechanisms of luteolin on the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain elusive. In the present study, we found that pretreatment of highly metastatic TNBC cell lines with luteolin dose‑dependently inhibited cell migration and invasion, and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as determined by altered morphological characteristics, downregulated epithelial markers and upregulated mesenchymal markers, and inhibited EMT-related transcription factors. In an in vivo metastasis experiment using a xenograft model, luteolin markedly inhibited lung metastases of breast cancer and the expression of EMT molecules vimentin and Slug in primary tumor tissues. Notably, luteolin also suppressed the expression of β-catenin mRNA and protein in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of β-catenin by adenoviruses blocked these benefits of luteolin on invasion and metastases of breast cancer. In conclusion, all these results indicated that luteolin effectively suppressed metastases of breast cancer by reversing EMT, which may be mediated by downregulation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Targeting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) to Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancer. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070965. [PMID: 27455225 PMCID: PMC6273543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to play an important role in cancer progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Although there are controversies surrounding the causal relationship between EMT and cancer metastasis, the role of EMT in cancer drug resistance has been increasingly recognized. Numerous EMT-related signaling pathways are involved in drug resistance in cancer cells. Cells undergoing EMT show a feature similar to cancer stem cells (CSCs), such as an increase in drug efflux pumps and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, targeting EMT has been considered a novel opportunity to overcome cancer drug resistance. This review describes the mechanism by which EMT contributes to drug resistance in cancer cells and summarizes new advances in research in EMT-associated drug resistance.
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Dialysis encephalopathy: precipitating factors and improvement in prognosis. Clin Nephrol 1981; 13:60. [PMID: 32456660 PMCID: PMC7249421 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to the initiation, recurrence, and metastasis of cancer; however, there are still no drugs targeting CSCs in clinical application. There are several signaling pathways playing critical roles in CSC progression, such as the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, Hippo, and autophagy signaling pathways. Additionally, targeting the ferroptosis signaling pathway was recently shown to specifically kill CSCs. Therefore, targeting these pathways may suppress CSC progression. The structure of small-molecule drugs shows a good spatial dispersion, and its chemical properties determine its good druggability and pharmacokinetic properties. These characteristics make small-molecule drugs show a great advantage in drug development, which is increasingly popular in the market. Thus, in this review, we will summarize the current researches on the small-molecule compounds suppressing CSC progression, including inhibitors of Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and autophagy pathways, and activators of Hippo and ferroptosis pathways. These small-molecule compounds emphasize CSC importance in tumor progression and propose a new strategy to treat cancer in clinic via targeting CSCs.
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