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Zhang J, Zhang K, Zhou L, Wu W, Jiang T, Cao J, Huang K, Qiu Z, Huang C. Expression and potential correlation among Forkhead box protein M1, Caveolin-1 and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2381-2388. [PMID: 27698803 PMCID: PMC5038523 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and functions of Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1), Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer (CRC), and to determine the correlations among these proteins in CRC development and progression. The protein expression of FoxM1, Cav-1 and E-cadherin was identified using a human CRC and normal tissue microarray. A standard immunohistochemistry assay was performed employing anti-FoxM1, anti-Cav-1 and anti-E-cadherin antibodies. The clinicopathological significance of FoxM1, Cav-1 and E-cadherin in CRC was determined, and correlations were investigated between FoxM1 and Cav-1, FoxM1 and E-cadherin, Cav-1 and E-cadherin, respectively. The level of FoxM1, Cav-1 and E-Cadherin protein expression in CRC was found to be associated with pathological grade, tumor clinical stages and the presence of metastasis, respectively. Elevated expression of FoxM1 and Cav-1 was observed in the CRC tissues, and a significant correlation was found between the two proteins in CRC. However, it was also observed that FoxM1 was overexpressed while E-cadherin expression was low, indicating that there was a negative correlation between FoxM1 expression and E-cadherin expression. Moreover, there was also a negative correlation between Cav-1 and E-cadherin expression. Overall, the elevated expression of FoxM1 and Cav-1 in a human CRC microarray provided novel clinical evidence to elucidate the fact that they may play a critical role in the development and progression of CRC by negatively regulating E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, the positive correlation between FoxM1 and Cav-1 suggested that the proteins may constitute a novel signaling pathway in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kundong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lisheng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kejian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Sun Q, Dong M, Chen Y, Zhang J, Qiao J, Guo X. Prognostic significance of FoxM1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:1269-73. [PMID: 27293846 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.04.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies examined the relationship between FoxM1 overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but yielded conflicting results. METHODS Electronic databases updated to Jan 01, 2015 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between FoxM1 overexpression and survival of patients with NSCLC Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS We performed a meta-analysis of seven studies (n=860 patients) that evaluated the correlation between FoxM1 overexpression and survival in patients with NSCLC. Combined hazard ratios suggested that FoxM1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of overall survival (OS) (HR =1.73, 95% CI: 1.32-2.14) in patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS FoxM1 overexpression indicates a poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jinpeng Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Xuedan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
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Weng W, Okugawa Y, Toden S, Toiyama Y, Kusunoki M, Goel A. FOXM1 and FOXQ1 Are Promising Prognostic Biomarkers and Novel Targets of Tumor-Suppressive miR-342 in Human Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4947-4957. [PMID: 27162244 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most frequent cancer type, and its incidence continues to rise gradually worldwide, highlighting the need to identify previously unrecognized molecular events that propel development of this malignancy. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulated expression of FOX family of transcription factors may be critical in various genetic disorders as well as cancer; however, the functional and clinical significance of this pathway in colorectal cancer remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS Herein, we performed a systematic and comprehensive discovery step by evaluating the expression of FOX family members, and identified that FOXM1 and FOXQ1 are frequently overexpressed in colorectal cancer. We subsequently confirmed these findings in two large testing cohorts (n = 550) and an independent clinical validation cohort (n = 134), in which high expression of FOXM1 and FOXQ1 emerged as an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients. We corroborated these findings by performing functional assays in which knockdown of FOXM1 and FOXQ1 resulted in inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed migration and invasion in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, using bioinformatic approaches, we identified miR-342 as a novel regulator of both FOXM1 and FOXQ1. Overexpression or inhibition of miR-342 modulated the expression of both genes and contributed to phenotypic alterations in colorectal cancer cells, which was subsequently validated in a xenograft animal model. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we have firstly identified FOXM1 and FOXQ1 as promising prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer patients, and provided novel evidence that therapeutic targeting of these genes or miR-342 may be a potential treatment approach in colorectal cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4947-57. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Weng
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Shusuke Toden
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Lung Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 890:37-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24932-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhu F, Duan YF, Bao WY, Liu WS, Yang Y, Cai HH. HtrA1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:589-94. [PMID: 26403966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the development and progression of cancer. HtrA1 had been showed to play a modulatory role in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The relationship between HtrA1 and EMT in HCC was investigated in the present study. METHODS The HtrA1 expression in human HCC tumor tissues and cells was determined by real-time PCR. SiRNA-HtrA1 and pcDNA-HtrA1 were respectively transfected into HepG2 and MHCC97H cells to observe their effects on cell migration and expression of EMT-associated markers Vimentin and E-cadherin. The relationship between HtrA1 and EMT in 60 HCC patients was also investigated. RESULTS HtrA1 expression of tumor tissues was down-regulated with the increasing of number in lymph nodes metastasis in HCC patients. HtrA1 down-regulation led to the significant increase of cell migration, Vimentin expression and decrease of E-cadherin expression, while HtrA1 overexpression resulted in an opposite function. The HtrA1 expression was positively related to the E-cadherin level (R(2) = 0.5903, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with Vimentin level (R(2) = 0.6067, P < 0.001) in tumor tissues of HCC, respectively. CONCLUSION HtrA1 expression was closely related to EMT, which might be a potential mechanism underlying metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yun-Fei Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wan-Yuan Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Song Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Hua Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
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Satolli MA, Buffoni L, Spadi R, Roato I. Gastric cancer: The times they are a-changin'. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:303-16. [PMID: 26600930 PMCID: PMC4644853 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i11.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Even though during these last decades gastric cancer incidence decreased in Western countries, it remains endemic and with a high incidence in Eastern countries. The survival in advanced and metastatic stage of gastric cancer is still very poor. Recently the Cancer Genoma Atlas Research Network identified four subtypes with different molecular profiles to classify gastric cancer in order to offer the optimal targeted therapies for pre-selected patients. Indeed, the key point is still the selection of patients for the right treatment, on basis of molecular tumor characterization. Since chemotherapy reached a plateau of efficacy for gastric cancer, the combination between cytotoxic therapy and biological agents gets a better prognosis and decreases chemotherapeutic toxicity. Currently, Trastuzumab in combination with platinum and fluorouracil is the only approved targeted therapy in the first line for c-erbB2 positive patients, whereas Ramucirumab is the only approved targeted agent for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. New perspectives for an effective treatment derived from the immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, we report an overview on gastric cancer treatments, with particular attention to recent advances in targeted therapies and in immunotherapeutic approach.
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Prognostic Value of FOXM1 in Patients with Malignant Solid Tumor: A Meta-Analysis and System Review. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:352478. [PMID: 26451068 PMCID: PMC4584221 DOI: 10.1155/2015/352478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a member of the Fox transcription factors family, was closely related with cell cycle. FOXM1 played an important role in MST and prompted a poor prognosis for MST patients. However, there were also some studies revealing no significant association between the FOXM1 expression and prognosis of patients. Therefore, we conducted meta-analysis to investigate whether the expression of FOXM1 was associated with MST prognosis. We collected 36 relevant studies through PubMed database and obtained research data of 4946 patients. Stata 12.0 was used to express the results as hazard ratio (HR) for time-to-event outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). It was shown that overexpression of FOXM1 was relevant to worse survival of MST patients (HR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.79–2.21, P < 0.001; I2 = 26.4%, Ph = 0.076). Subgroup analysis suggested that overexpression of FOXM1 in breast cancer (BC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) all predicted a worse survival (P < 0.05), in addition to ovarian cancer (OC) (P = 0.084). In conclusion, our research indicated that overexpression of FOXM1 was to the disadvantage of the prognosis for majority of MST and therefore can be used as an evaluation index of prognosis.
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Yang K, Jiang L, Hu Y, Yu J, Chen H, Yao Y, Zhu X. Short hairpin RNA- mediated gene knockdown of FOXM1 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of human colon cancer cells through reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:40. [PMID: 25935853 PMCID: PMC4427949 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is an oncogenic transcription factor and plays a significant role in cell EMT, proliferation, metastasis in a multitude of human solid tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which FoxM1 contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and metastasis have not been fully elucidated in CRC. Methods In our study, we investigated FOXM1 protein expression in 87 CRC tissue specimens, invasive lymph nodes and adjacent paired normal colorectal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. Then we transfected FOXM1 specific shRNA into SW620 cells to examine effect of FOXM1 on proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro. Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of FOXM1 and EMT-related markers. Results FOXM1 was overexpressed in CRC tissues, invasive lymph nodes and CRC cell lines. FoxM1 overexpression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), and tumor recurrence (P < 0.001). Moreover, downregulation of FOXM1 in SW620 cells by shRNA approach inhibited cell growth, clonogenicity, migration and invasion in vitro. In addition, decreased FOXM1 expression in SW620 cells reversed the acquisition of EMT phenotype by up-regulating E-cadherin, as well as reduction Vimentin and Snail expressions at protein and mRNA levels. Conclusions FOXM1 may regulate CRC cells metastasis through EMT program and FOXM1 may be a potential target for treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- KanKan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - LinHua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - You Hu
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - HenFeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - YiZhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - XinGuo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Jin H, Li XJ, Park MH, Kim SM. FOXM1-mediated downregulation of uPA and MMP9 by 3,3'-diindolylmethane inhibits migration and invasion of human colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:3171-7. [PMID: 25962429 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) has been suggested to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, the underlying biological mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of DIM on the migratory and invasive activities of the human colorectal cancer cell lines DLD-1 and HCT116. DIM significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells as assessed by wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays. The migratory ability of the DLD-1 and HCT116 cells was significantly reduced by DIM at 24 and 48 h. DIM also significantly inhibited the invasion rate of the DLD-1 and HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) were significantly attenuated, whereas expression of E-cadherin mRNA was significantly enhanced, following DIM treatment. DIM also decreased the protein levels of uPA and MMP9, yet significantly increased E-cadherin protein expression. In addition, DIM significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of FOXM1 in the DLD-1 and HCT116 cells. Our results suggest that DIM can influence the cell migratory and invasive properties of human colorectal cancer cells and may decrease the invasive capacity of colorectal cancer through downregulation of uPA and MMP9 mediated by suppression of the transcription factor FOXM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jin
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiu Juan Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Park
- Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Mi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Xia YY, Yin L, Tian H, Guo WJ, Jiang N, Jiang XS, Wu J, Chen M, Wu JZ, He X. HMGA2 is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and can predict poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:169-76. [PMID: 25653540 PMCID: PMC4303461 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s74397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective High-mobility group protein 2 (HMGA2) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins play key roles in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the clinical significance of HMGA2 and its relationship with EMT markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of HMGA2, E-cadherin, and vimentin in NPC. Methods Using immunohistochemistry, HMGA2, E-cadherin, and vimentin expression levels were evaluated in NPC (n=124) and non-tumoral inflammatory nasopharynx (n=20) tissues. The association of HMGA2 and EMT markers with clinicopathological characteristics and relationships between the protein levels and overall survival were analyzed. Results Compared with non-tumorous tissues, HMGA2 and vimentin levels were markedly increased in NPC tissues, whereas decreased E-cadherin levels were observed (P<0.001). Moreover, HMGA2 expression was positively correlated with vimentin levels (r=0.431, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with E-cadherin amounts (r=−0.413, P<0.001) in NPC tissues. The expression of all three proteins correlated significantly with tumor N stage, TNM stage, and 2-year metastasis. Furthermore, significant correlations were found for T stage, N stage, TNM stage, HMGA2, E-cadherin, and vimentin (all P<0.013) with poor prognosis (univariate analysis). However, multivariate analyses showed that only HMGA2 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.683, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.185–6.077, P=0.018) and N stage (HR: 7.892, 95% CI: 2.731–22.807, P<0.001) were independent predictors of poor prognosis. Conclusion These results demonstrated that HMGA2, an independent prognostic factor, may promote NPC progression and metastasis, and is significantly associated with EMT proteins. Therefore, HMGA2 may be considered a potential therapeutic target in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-You Xia
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tian
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Song Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Wei P, Zhang N, Wang Y, Li D, Wang L, Sun X, Shen C, Yang Y, Zhou X, Du X. FOXM1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis by upregulating SNAIL. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:186-98. [PMID: 25561901 PMCID: PMC4279094 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor is one of the key genes inducing tumor invasion and metastasis by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we set out to investigate the effects of FOXM1 overexpression on metastatic human lung adenocarcinoma and the underlying mechanism. FOXM1 expression was analyzed in 78 frozen lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples using an Affymetrix microarray and a 155-paraffin-embedded lung adenocarcinoma tissue microarray with immunohistochemical detection. FOXM1 was found to be overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, particularly in metastatic patients, compared to non-metastatic patients. Knockdown of FOXM1 by a specific siRNA significantly suppressed EMT progression, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas restored expression of FOXM1 had the opposite effect. FOXM1 binds directly to the SNAIL promoter through two specific binding sites and constitutively transactivates it. Collectively, our findings indicate that FOXM1 may play an important role in advancing lung adenocarcinoma progression. Aberrant FOXM1 expression directly and constitutively activates SNAIL, thereby promoting lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Inhibition of FOXM1-SNAIL signaling may present an ideal target for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- 1. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2. Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3. Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China ; 6. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- 7. Department of neurosurgery, 1st affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- 1. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2. Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 4. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; 6. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Li
- 5. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- 1. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2. Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 4. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; 6. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- 1. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2. Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 4. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; 6. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Shen
- 1. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2. Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 4. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; 6. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yusi Yang
- 1. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2. Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 4. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; 6. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- 1. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2. Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 4. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; 6. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Du
- 1. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2. Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 4. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; 6. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Bella L, Zona S, Nestal de Moraes G, Lam EWF. FOXM1: A key oncofoetal transcription factor in health and disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:32-9. [PMID: 25068996 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) is a bona fide oncofoetal transcription factor, which orchestrates complex temporal and spatial gene expression throughout embryonic and foetal development as well as during adult tissue homeostasis and repair. Controlled FOXM1 expression and activity provides a balanced transcriptional programme to ensure proper growth and maturation during embryogenesis and foetal development as well as to manage appropriate homeostasis and repair of adult tissues. Conversely, deregulated FOXM1 upregulation likely affects cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, stem cell renewal, DNA damage repair and cellular senescence, which impact tumour initiation, progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. A thorough understanding of the regulation and role of FOXM1 in health and in cancer should contribute to the development of better diagnostics and treatments for cancer as well as congenital disorders and other developmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bella
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Nestal de Moraes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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