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Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pharmacotherapy and predictors of response: dual role of aminotransferases as biosensors of metabolism and biomarkers of histological improvement. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2019; 8:381-385. [PMID: 31489308 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sookoian
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1427ARN), Argentina
| | - Carlos J Pirola
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1427ARN), Argentina
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52
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Nho K, Kueider-Paisley A, Ahmad S, MahmoudianDehkordi S, Arnold M, Risacher SL, Louie G, Blach C, Baillie R, Han X, Kastenmüller G, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM, Weiner MW, Doraiswamy PM, van Duijn C, Saykin AJ, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Association of Altered Liver Enzymes With Alzheimer Disease Diagnosis, Cognition, Neuroimaging Measures, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e197978. [PMID: 31365104 PMCID: PMC6669786 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Increasing evidence suggests an important role of liver function in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). The liver is a major metabolic hub; therefore, investigating the association of liver function with AD, cognition, neuroimaging, and CSF biomarkers would improve the understanding of the role of metabolic dysfunction in AD. OBJECTIVE To examine whether liver function markers are associated with cognitive dysfunction and the "A/T/N" (amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration) biomarkers for AD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study, serum-based liver function markers were measured from September 1, 2005, to August 31, 2013, in 1581 AD Neuroimaging Initiative participants along with cognitive measures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, brain atrophy, brain glucose metabolism, and amyloid-β accumulation. Associations of liver function markers with AD-associated clinical and A/T/N biomarkers were assessed using generalized linear models adjusted for confounding variables and multiple comparisons. Statistical analysis was performed from November 1, 2017, to February 28, 2019. EXPOSURES Five serum-based liver function markers (total bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) from AD Neuroimaging Initiative participants were used as exposure variables. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes included diagnosis of AD, composite scores for executive functioning and memory, CSF biomarkers, atrophy measured by magnetic resonance imaging, brain glucose metabolism measured by fludeoxyglucose F 18 (18F) positron emission tomography, and amyloid-β accumulation measured by [18F]florbetapir positron emission tomography. RESULTS Participants in the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 1581; 697 women and 884 men; mean [SD] age, 73.4 [7.2] years) included 407 cognitively normal older adults, 20 with significant memory concern, 298 with early mild cognitive impairment, 544 with late mild cognitive impairment, and 312 with AD. An elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and lower levels of ALT were associated with AD diagnosis (AST to ALT ratio: odds ratio, 7.932 [95% CI, 1.673-37.617]; P = .03; ALT: odds ratio, 0.133 [95% CI, 0.042-0.422]; P = .004) and poor cognitive performance (AST to ALT ratio: β [SE], -0.465 [0.180]; P = .02 for memory composite score; β [SE], -0.679 [0.215]; P = .006 for executive function composite score; ALT: β [SE], 0.397 [0.128]; P = .006 for memory composite score; β [SE], 0.637 [0.152]; P < .001 for executive function composite score). Increased AST to ALT ratio values were associated with lower CSF amyloid-β 1-42 levels (β [SE], -0.170 [0.061]; P = .04) and increased amyloid-β deposition (amyloid biomarkers), higher CSF phosphorylated tau181 (β [SE], 0.175 [0.055]; P = .02) (tau biomarkers) and higher CSF total tau levels (β [SE], 0.160 [0.049]; P = .02) and reduced brain glucose metabolism (β [SE], -0.123 [0.042]; P = .03) (neurodegeneration biomarkers). Lower levels of ALT were associated with increased amyloid-β deposition (amyloid biomarkers), and reduced brain glucose metabolism (β [SE], 0.096 [0.030]; P = .02) and greater atrophy (neurodegeneration biomarkers). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Consistent associations of serum-based liver function markers with cognitive performance and A/T/N biomarkers for AD highlight the involvement of metabolic disturbances in the pathophysiology of AD. Further studies are needed to determine if these associations represent a causative or secondary role. Liver enzyme involvement in AD opens avenues for novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | | | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Matthias Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Gregory Louie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Colette Blach
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Xianlin Han
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Radiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco
| | - P. Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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53
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Schedlbauer C, Blaue D, Gericke M, Blüher M, Starzonek J, Gittel C, Brehm W, Vervuert I. Impact of body weight gain on hepatic metabolism and hepatic inflammatory cytokines in comparison of Shetland pony geldings and Warmblood horse geldings. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7069. [PMID: 31211018 PMCID: PMC6557249 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is known as determining part of human obesity. The impact of body weight (BW) gain on liver metabolism has not been extensively investigated yet. Objectives To investigate hepatic alterations caused by increasing BW in ponies and horses. Animals A total of 19 non-obese equines (10 Shetland ponies, geldings; nine Warmblood horses, geldings). Methods Animals received 200% of their metabolizable maintenance energy requirements for 2 years. Serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities and bile acids were analyzed several times during 2 years of hypercaloric diet. Hepatic lipid content and hepatic levels of the interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), cluster of differentiation (CD) 68, IL-1β, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid-binding protein 1, chemerin and nuclear factor-κB mRNAs were assessed at the start of the study and after 1 and 2 years of excess energy intake. Results The mean (±SD) BW gain recorded during 2 years of excess energy intake was 29.9 ± 19.4% for ponies and 17 ± 6.74% for horses. The hepatic lipid content was not profoundly affected by increasing BW. Levels of the IL-6, TNFα, CD68 and IL-1β mRNAs did not change during BW gain. Levels of the chemerin mRNA increased significantly in both breeds (ponies: P = 0.02; horses: P = 0.02) in response to BW gain. Significant differences in serum GLDH and AST activities, serum bile acid concentrations and hepatic levels of the LPL mRNA were observed between ponies and horses at the end of the study. Conclusions Chemerin might represent an interesting marker for future equine obesity research. Interestingly, steatosis caused by increasing BW may occur later in the development of obesity in equines than in humans. Additionally, the hepatic metabolism exhibits differences between ponies and horses, which may explain in part the greater susceptibility of ponies to obesity-associated metabolic dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Schedlbauer
- Leipzig University, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Dominique Blaue
- Leipzig University, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Leipzig University, Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Leipzig University, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Janine Starzonek
- Leipzig University, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Claudia Gittel
- Leipzig University, Department for Horses, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Walter Brehm
- Leipzig University, Department for Horses, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Leipzig University, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
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The OMICs Window into Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9020025. [PMID: 30717274 PMCID: PMC6409793 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of hepatic abnormalities worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is part of the spectrum of NAFLD and leads to progressive liver disease, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In NASH patient, fibrosis represents the major predictor of liver-related mortality; therefore, it is important to have an early and accurate diagnosis of NASH. The current gold standard for the diagnosis of NASH is still liver biopsy. The development of biomarkers able to predict disease severity, prognosis, as well as response to therapy without the need for a biopsy is the focus of most up-to-date genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic research. In the future, patients might be diagnosed and treated according to their molecular signatures. In this short review, we discuss how information from genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics contribute to the understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis.
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55
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Kozaczek M, Bottje W, Greene E, Lassiter K, Kong B, Dridi S, Korourian S, Hakkak R. Comparison of liver gene expression by RNAseq and PCR analysis after 8 weeks of feeding soy protein isolate- or casein-based diets in an obese liver steatosis rat model. Food Funct 2019; 10:8218-8229. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Differential expression of genes provides insight into fundamental mechanisms associated with the ability of soy protein isolate to attenuate liver steatosis in genetically obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Kozaczek
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Walter Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Elizabeth Greene
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Kentu Lassiter
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Byungwhi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science & The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Soheila Korourian
- Department of Pathology
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- Little Rock
- USA
| | - Reza Hakkak
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- Little Rock
- USA
- Department of Pediatrics
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Nimri L, Staikin K, Peri I, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Schwartz B. Ostreolysin induces browning of adipocytes and ameliorates hepatic steatosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1990-2000. [PMID: 29663549 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with all features of the metabolic syndrome. Deposition of excess triglycerides in liver cells, a hallmark of NAFLD, is associated with loss of insulin sensitivity. Ostreolysin (Oly) is a 15-kDa fungal protein known to interact with cholesterol-enriched raft-like membrane domains. We aim to test whether a recombinant version of Oly (rOly) can induce functional changes in vitro in adipocytes or in vivo in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS White preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells or mouse primary adipocytes treated with rOly. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control or HFD and treated with saline or with rOly (1 mg/kg BW) every other day for 4 weeks. RESULTS White preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells or mouse primary adipocytes treated with rOly acquire a browning phenotype through activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor α-mediated activation of IκB kinase ε and TANK-binding kinase 1. HFD-fed mice treated with rOly showed a 10% reduction in BW and improved glucose tolerance, which paralleled improved expression of liver and adipose functionality, metabolism, and inflammation status, mimicking the in vitro findings. CONCLUSION This study provides first evidence of rOly's prevention of HFD-induced NAFLD by stimulating liver and adipose muscle tissue functionality and oxidative potential, improving glucose tolerance, and ameliorating the metabolic profile of diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Nimri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katerina Staikin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irena Peri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Li Y, Zhu M, Huo Y, Zhang X, Liao M. Anti-fibrosis activity of combination therapy with epigallocatechin gallate, taurine and genistein by regulating glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and ribosomal and lysosomal signaling pathways in HSC-T6 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4329-4338. [PMID: 30542382 PMCID: PMC6257822 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study by our group indicated that combined treatment with taurine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and genistein protects against liver fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the antifibrotic mechanism of this combination treatment using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics in an activated rat hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line. In the present study, HSC-T6 cells were incubated with taurine, EGCG and genistein, and cellular proteins were extracted and processed for iTRAQ labeling. Quantification and identification of proteins was performed using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis indicated that the expression of 166 proteins were significantly altered in response to combination treatment with taurine, EGCG and genistein. A total 76 of these proteins were upregulated and 90 were downregulated. Differentially expressed proteins were grouped according to their association with specific Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The results indicated that the differentially expressed proteins hexokinase-2 and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 were associated with glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and lysosome signaling pathways. The expression of these proteins was validated using western blot analysis; the expression of hexokinase-2 was significantly decreased and the expression of lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 was significantly increased in HSC-T6 cells treated with taurine, EGCG and genistein compared with the control, respectively (P<0.05). These results were in accordance with the changes in protein expression identified using the iTRAQ approach. Therefore, the antifibrotic effect of combined therapy with taurine, EGCG and genistein may be associated with the activation of several pathways in HSCs, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the ribosome and lysosome signaling pathways. The differentially expressed proteins identified in the current study may be useful for treatment of liver fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Guangxi University Library, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Guangxi University Library, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - Yani Huo
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liao
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Pirola CJ, Flichman D, Dopazo H, Fernández Gianotti T, San Martino J, Rohr C, Garaycoechea M, Gazzi C, Castaño GO, Sookoian S. A Rare Nonsense Mutation in the Glucokinase Regulator Gene Is Associated With a Rapidly Progressive Clinical Form of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1030-1036. [PMID: 30202818 PMCID: PMC6128235 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the presence of a rare nonsense mutation (rs149847328, p.Arg227Ter) in the glucokinase regulator (GCKR) gene in an adult patient with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), morbid obesity, and type 2 diabetes; this patient developed a progressive histological form of the disease. Analysis of paired (5 years apart) liver biopsies (at baseline and follow‐up) showed progression of simple steatosis to severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Study design involved an initial exploration that consisted of deep sequencing of 14 chromosomal regions in 96 individuals (64 of whom were patients with NAFLD who were diagnosed by liver biopsy that showed the full spectrum of histological severity). We further performed a replication study to explore the presence of rs149847328 that included a sample of 517 unrelated individuals in a case‐control study (n = 390), including patients who were morbidly obese (n = 127). Exploration of sequence variation by next‐generation sequencing of exons, exon–intron boundaries, and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of 14 genomic loci that encode metabolic enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle revealed the presence of heterozygosity for the p.Arg227Ter mutation, the frequency of which is 0.0003963 (4:10,000; Exome Aggregation Consortium database). GCKR protein expression was markedly decreased in the liver of the affected patient compared with patients with NAFLD who carry the wild‐type allele. Sequencing of the same 14 genomic loci in 95 individuals failed to reveal the rare mutation. The rarity of p.Arg227Ter was confirmed in a more extensive screening. Conclusion: While rare variants/mutations are difficult to detect in even reasonably large samples (frequency of the mutant allele of p.Arg227Ter was ~1:1,000 in our data set), the presence of this mutation should be suspected as potentially associated with NAFLD, particularly in young adults at the extreme of histological phenotypes. Hepatology Communications 2018;0:0‐0)
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pirola
- Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Diego Flichman
- Department of Virology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Hernán Dopazo
- Biomedical Genomics and Evolution Laboratory, Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution Department, Faculty of Science Institute of Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution of Buenos Aires, National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Tomas Fernández Gianotti
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Julio San Martino
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Diego Thompson, San Martin Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Cristian Rohr
- Biomedical Genomics and Evolution Laboratory, Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution Department, Faculty of Science Institute of Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution of Buenos Aires, National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Martin Garaycoechea
- Deparment of Surgery and the Center for Translational Medicine Excellence Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red "El Cruce," Florencio Varela Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Carla Gazzi
- Pathology Department, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gustavo O Castaño
- Liver Unit, Medicine and Surgery Department Hospital Abel Zubizarreta Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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Afolabi PR, Scorletti E, Smith DE, Almehmadi AA, Calder PC, Byrne CD. The characterisation of hepatic mitochondrial function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using the 13C-ketoisocaproate breath test. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046002. [PMID: 29943733 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aacf12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic mitochondrial function (HMF) assessed by the 13C-ketoisocaproate breath test (13C-KICA BT) has been previously shown to be significantly associated with the severity of biopsy proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is uncertain whether any perturbation in HMF relates specifically to severity of liver disease or factors associated with metabolic syndrome within (NAFLD). Our aim was to investigate whether there was any change in HMF assessed by 13C-KICA BT in patients with NAFLD compared to control subjects, and to assess the factors that are independently associated with HMF. METHODS 77 patients with NAFLD and 11 healthy control subjects were studied. HMF was assessed using 13C-KICA BT and expressed as cumulative % 13C-dose recovered on breath over 1 h (cPDR over 1 h). Liver fat and fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography. Multivariable linear regression modelling was undertaken to test the independence of associations with HMF. RESULTS HMF (cPDR over 1 h) was lower in NAFLD compared to controls [13.4% (4.8) v. 21.0% (6.3); p < 0.0001)]. In NAFLD, HMF was lower in patients with diabetes versus no diabetes [12.7% (3.4) v. 14.3% (6.1); p = 0.003)]. Regression modelling showed age (β = -0.08; p = 0.01), waist circumference (β = -0.08; p = 0.01), hip circumference (β = -0.04; p = 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (β = -0.05; p = 0.01) and diabetes status (β = -1.81; p = 0.01) were independently associated with HMF (R2 = 41.5%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with NAFLD (compared to healthy subjects), there was a reduction in HMF assessed by the 13C-KICA BT. Furthermore, in patients with NAFLD, HMF is independent and inversely associated with age, waist and hip circumference, AST and diabetes status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Afolabi
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom. Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Colca JR, McDonald WG, Adams WJ. MSDC-0602K, a metabolic modulator directed at the core pathology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:631-636. [PMID: 29950116 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1494153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for which there is no marketed treatments. NAFLD is initiated by excess intake of nutrients and recent evidence has pinpointed the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) as a mediator of the nutritional overload signals. Areas covered: An overview is given of MSDC-0602K, a new agent in development that modulates the MPC and as such treats the symptoms of fatty liver including dysfunctional lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance as well as the key liver pathology including fibrosis. METHODOLOGY The current evaluation is written from the direct experience of the authors and review of published literature using standard search techniques. Expert Opinion: The mechanism of action of MSDC-0602K appears to be suited for treatment of the NASH pathophysiology. An ongoing phase 2b dose-ranging trial should demonstrate whether or not MSDC-0602K has the potential to be a cornerstone metabolic therapy for the treatment of NASH.
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Mardinoglu A, Boren J, Smith U, Uhlen M, Nielsen J. Systems biology in hepatology: approaches and applications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:365-377. [PMID: 29686404 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed insights into the biological functions of the liver and an understanding of its crosstalk with other human tissues and the gut microbiota can be used to develop novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver-associated diseases, including fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biological network models, including metabolic, transcriptional regulatory, protein-protein interaction, signalling and co-expression networks, can provide a scaffold for studying the biological pathways operating in the liver in connection with disease development in a systematic manner. Here, we review studies in which biological network models were used to integrate multiomics data to advance our understanding of the pathophysiological responses of complex liver diseases. We also discuss how this mechanistic approach can contribute to the discovery of potential biomarkers and novel drug targets, which might lead to the design of targeted and improved treatment strategies. Finally, we present a roadmap for the successful integration of models of the liver and other human tissues with the gut microbiota to simulate whole-body metabolic functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Pirola CJ, Sookoian S. Multiomics biomarkers for the prediction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1601-1615. [PMID: 29686467 PMCID: PMC5910543 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i15.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review intends to uncover how information from large-scale genetic profiling (whole genome sequencing, and whole exome sequencing) of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as information from circulating transcriptomics (cell-free miRNAs) and metabolomics, contributes to the understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis. A further aim is to address the question of whether OMICs information is ready to be implemented in the clinics. The available evidence suggests that any new knowledge pertaining to molecular signatures associated with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis should be promptly translated into the clinical setting. Nevertheless, rigorous steps that must include validation and replication are mandatory before utilizing OMICs biomarkers in diagnostics to identify patients at risk of advanced disease, including liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pirola
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Complex Diseases. University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina, National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires. Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), CABA 1427, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina, National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires. Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), CABA 1427, Argentina
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Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. The nonalcoholic steatohepatitis metabotype: Imbalance of circulating amino acids and transamination reactions reflect impaired mitochondrial function. Hepatology 2018; 67:1177-1178. [PMID: 29205411 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sookoian
- University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos J Pirola
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progresses into Severe NASH when Physiological Mechanisms of Tissue Homeostasis Collapse. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:182-186. [PMID: 29469051 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.8631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic modulation of NAFLD-severity by molecules derived from white (adipokines) and brown (batokines) adipose tissue may be important in inducing or protecting against the progression of the disease. Adipose tissue-derived factors can promote the progression of NAFLD towards severe histological stages (NASH-fibrosis and NASHcirrhosis). This effect can be modulated by the release of adipokines or batokines that directly trigger an inflammatory response in the liver tissue or indirectly modulate related phenotypes, such as insulin resistance. Metabolically dysfunctional adipose tissue, which is often infiltrated by macrophages and crown-like histological structures, may also show impaired production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which may favor NAFLD progression into aggressive phenotypes by preventing its protective effects on the liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sookoian
- University of Buenos Aires Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos J Pirola
- University of Buenos Aires Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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65
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Ma Y, Zhao W, Shi C, Wang N, Fan T. Effects of HIV on metabolic and biological pathways of CD4 + T lymphocytes. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2946-2950. [PMID: 29456700 PMCID: PMC5795520 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the metabolic and biological pathways of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T lymphocytes were investigated. A total of 150 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 50 healthy individuals who were admitted to hospital for physical examination during the period of June 2016 to January 2017, were selected as subjects in the present study. According to the virus load, 150 AIDS patients were divided into three groups: i) Viral load >106 copies/ml (group A, n=39), ii) 104 copies/ml < viral load <105 copies/ml (group B, n=76), and iii) viral load <104 copies/ml (group C, n=35). The relationship between viral loads in the three groups and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts was assessed. Active lymphocytes were isolated from T lymphocytes in the subjects, and the ratio of Th1 to Th2 was measured by flow cytometry. Effects of HIV on human T-lymphocyte differentiation were observed. Differences in T-lymphocyte metabolites were detected by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and their biological pathways analyzed. The results showed that CD4+ T-cell counts were decreased with the increase of the viral loads of patients. The viral loads of AIDS patients differentiated T lymphocytes. In other words, high viral loads accelerated the differentiation of T lymphocytes into Th1 cells. In the high HIV viral load group, the levels of glycerol phosphodiesterase, 7-dehydrocholesterol, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, cholesterol and deoxyuridine were increased, but the levels of 3-methoxytyramine, cytidine deaminase, deoxycorticosterone and 3-hydroxybutyric acid were decreased. The viral loads of AIDS patients are associated with CD4+ T-cell counts and the ratio of CD4+ T to CD8+ T cells. At the same time, HIV viral loads can affect the lipid biosynthesis of T-lymphocyte membranes, thus affecting the differentiation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and finally intervening its mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Wenge Zhao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Liver Diseases, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
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Larrieta-Carrasco E, Flores YN, Macías-Kauffer LR, Ramírez-Palacios P, Quiterio M, Ramírez-Salazar EG, León-Mimila P, Rivera-Paredez B, Cabrera-Álvarez G, Canizales-Quinteros S, Zhang ZF, López-Pérez TV, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Genetic variants in COL13A1, ADIPOQ and SAMM50, in addition to the PNPLA3 gene, confer susceptibility to elevated transaminase levels in an admixed Mexican population. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 104:50-58. [PMID: 29307798 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of extra fat in liver cells not caused by alcohol. Elevated transaminase levels are common indicators of liver disease, including NAFLD. Previously, we demonstrated that PNPLA3 (rs738409), LYPLAL1 (rs12137855), PPP1R3B (rs4240624), and GCKR (rs780094) are associated with elevated transaminase levels in overweight/obese Mexican adults. We investigated the association between 288 SNPs identified in genome-wide association studies and risk of elevated transaminase levels in an admixed Mexican-Mestizo sample of 178 cases of NAFLD and 454 healthy controls. The rs2896019, rs12483959, and rs3810622 SNPs in PNPLA3 and rs1227756 in COL13A1 were associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ≥40IU/L). A polygenic risk score (PRS) based on six SNPs in the ADIPOQ, COL13A1, PNPLA3, and SAMM50 genes was also associated with elevated ALT. Individuals carrying 9-12 risk alleles had 65.8% and 48.5% higher ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, respectively, than those with 1-4 risk alleles. The PRS showed the greatest risk of elevated ALT levels, with a higher level of significance than the individual variants. Our findings suggest a significant association between variants in COL13A1, ADIPOQ, SAMM50, and PNPLA3, and risk of NAFLD/elevated transaminase levels in Mexican adults with an admixed ancestry. This is the first study to examine high-density single nucleotide screening for genetic variations in a Mexican-Mestizo population. The extent of the effect of these variations on the development and progression of NAFLD in Latino populations requires further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Larrieta-Carrasco
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yvonne N Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luis R Macías-Kauffer
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paula Ramírez-Palacios
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Manuel Quiterio
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Eric G Ramírez-Salazar
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Paola León-Mimila
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Cabrera-Álvarez
- Clínica de Hígado, IMSS Hospital General Regional UMF, 1, Av. Plan de Ayala S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- UCLA Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tania V López-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Blvd. Benito Juárez No. 31 Col. Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Systematic review with meta-analysis: risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease suggest a shared altered metabolic and cardiovascular profile between lean and obese patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:85-95. [PMID: 28464369 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with the co-occurrence of multiple pathological conditions characterising the metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity in particular. However, NAFLD also develops in lean subjects, whose risk factors remain poorly defined. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of 15 studies, along with the data pertaining to our own population (n=336 patients). Data from lean (n=1966) and obese (n=5938) patients with NAFLD were analysed; lean (n=9946) and obese (n=6027) subjects without NAFLD served as controls. RESULTS Relative to the lean non-NAFLD controls, lean patients with NAFLD were older (3.79±0.72 years, P=1.36×10-6 ) and exhibited the entire spectrum of the MetS risk factors. Specifically, they had a significant (P=10-10 ) increase in plasma glucose levels (6.44±1.12 mg/dL) and HOMA-IR (0.52±0.094-unit increment), blood lipids (triglycerides: 48.37±3.6, P=10-10 and total cholesterol: 7.04±3.8, mg/dL, P=4.2×10-7 ), systolic (5.64±0.7) and diastolic (3.37±0.9) blood pressure (mm Hg), P=10-10 , and waist circumference (5.88±0.4 cm, P=10-10 ); values denote difference in means±SE. Nevertheless, the overall alterations in the obese group were much more severe when compared to lean subjects, regardless of the presence of NAFLD. Meta-regression suggested that NAFLD is a modifier of the level of blood lipids. CONCLUSION Lean and obese patients with NAFLD share a common altered metabolic and cardiovascular profile. The former, while having normal body weight, showed excess of abdominal adipose tissue as well as other MetS features.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sookoian
- University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C J Pirola
- University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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69
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Hopkins JL, Hopkins PN, Brinton EA, Adams TD, Davidson LE, Nanjee MN, Hunt SC. Expression of Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Severe Obesity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:283-290. [PMID: 28657427 DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) generally rises with increasing adiposity, but tends to plateau at the highest levels of body mass index (BMI) with some individuals, even with severe obesity, expressing few or no components of MetS. We examined factors associated with the expression of MetS in severely obese women participating in a large observational study. METHODS Anthropometrics, including Heath equation-adjusted bioimpedance-determined fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), lipids and related laboratory measurements, resting energy expenditure (REE), and respiratory quotient (RQ), were studied in 949 women with severe obesity. RESULTS Even though the mean BMI was 45.7 kg/m2 and all participants met MetS criteria for increased waist circumference, 30% of subjects did not have MetS. Unadjusted FM (P = 0.0011), FFM (P < 0.0001), and REE (P < 0.0001) were greater in the women with MetS. Surprisingly, in multivariate logistic regression FFM was positively associated with MetS (P = 0.0002), while FM was not (P = 0.89). Moreover, FFM, not FM, was significantly associated with all five components of MetS except for triglyceride levels. REE and RQ were higher in those with MetS, and REE was strongly associated with multiple components of MetS. CONCLUSIONS In women with severe obesity, higher FFM and REE were paradoxically associated with increased rather than decreased risk of MetS, while FFM-adjusted FM was unrelated to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Hopkins
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eliot A Brinton
- 2 The Utah Lipid Center and Utah Foundation for Biomedical Research , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ted D Adams
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah.,3 Intermountain Live Well Center , Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lance E Davidson
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah.,4 Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - M Nazeem Nanjee
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steven C Hunt
- 1 Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah.,5 Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Pirola CJ, Sookoian S. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: mortality rates and liver enzymes. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2017; 6:130-134. [PMID: 28503562 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2017.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pirola
- University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Troisi J, Pierri L, Landolfi A, Marciano F, Bisogno A, Belmonte F, Palladino C, Guercio Nuzio S, Campiglia P, Vajro P. Urinary Metabolomics in Pediatric Obesity and NAFLD Identifies Metabolic Pathways/Metabolites Related to Dietary Habits and Gut-Liver Axis Perturbations. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050485. [PMID: 28492501 PMCID: PMC5452215 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To get insight into still elusive pathomechanisms of pediatric obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) we explored the interplay among GC-MS studied urinary metabolomic signature, gut liver axis (GLA) abnormalities, and food preferences (Kid-Med). Intestinal permeability (IP), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance were investigated in forty children (mean age 9.8 years) categorized as normal weight (NW) or obese (body mass index <85th or >95th percentile, respectively) ± ultrasonographic bright liver and hypertransaminasemia (NAFLD). SIBO was increased in all obese children (p = 0.0022), IP preferentially in those with NAFLD (p = 0.0002). The partial least-square discriminant analysis of urinary metabolome correctly allocated children based on their obesity, NAFLD, visceral fat, pathological IP and SIBO. Compared to NW, obese children had (1) higher levels of glucose/1-methylhistidine, the latter more markedly in NAFLD patients; and (2) lower levels of xylitol, phenyl acetic acid and hydroquinone, the latter especially in children without NAFLD. The metabolic pathways of BCAA and/or their metabolites correlated with excess of visceral fat centimeters (leucine/oxo-valerate), and more deranged IP and SIBO (valine metabolites). Urinary metabolome analysis contributes to define a metabolic fingerprint of pediatric obesity and related NAFLD, by identifying metabolic pathways/metabolites reflecting typical obesity dietary habits and GLA perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
- Theoreo srl, Via degli Ulivi 3, 84090 Montecorvino Pugliano (SA), Italy.
| | - Luca Pierri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Annamaria Landolfi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Francesca Marciano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Antonella Bisogno
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Federica Belmonte
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Carmen Palladino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Salvatore Guercio Nuzio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
- European Laboratory of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), 80100 Naples, Italy.
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Fimasartan Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through PPAR δ Regulation in Hyperlipidemic and Hypertensive Conditions. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:8048720. [PMID: 28386270 PMCID: PMC5366769 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8048720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of fimasartan on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hyperlipidemic and hypertensive conditions, the levels of biomarkers related to fatty acid metabolism were determined in HepG2 and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells treated by high fatty acid and liver and visceral fat tissue samples of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) given high-fat diet. In HepG2 cells and liver tissues, fimasartan was shown to increase the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), phosphorylated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and it led to a decrease in the protein levels of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSDH1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Fimasartan decreased lipid contents in HepG2 and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and liver tissues. In addition, fimasartan increased the adiponectin level in visceral fat tissues. The antiadipogenic effects of fimasartan were offset by PPARδ antagonist (GSK0660). Consequently, fimasartan ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mainly through the activation of oxidative metabolism represented by PPARδ-AMPK-PGC-1α pathway.
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Chwiki S, Campos MM, McLaughlin ME, Kleiner DE, Kovacs JA, Morse CG, Abu-Asab MS. Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy on liver hepatocytes and endothelium in HIV patients: An ultrastructural perspective. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:186-195. [PMID: 28277148 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1282066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy (ART) together can be far more detrimental to liver cells than either of the two unaided. However, ultrastructural aspects of the synergistic effects of HIV and ART have been understudied. In a patient cohort receiving ART, this study characterizes ultrastructurally sinusoidal degeneration, hepatocytic aberrations, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of bulky lipid droplets (steatosis), and occlusion of sinusoidal lumina. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes the accumulation of acetyl-CoA which leads to insulin upregulation and resistance, lipid synthesis, and steatosis. Lipid droplets deposited in the sinusoids could be the source of the blood's lipid profile alterations in HIV patients on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chwiki
- a Section of Histopathology , National Eye Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | | | - Mary E McLaughlin
- b Laboratory of Immunoregulation , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - David E Kleiner
- c Laboratory of Pathology , National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Joseph A Kovacs
- d Critical Care Medicine Department, AIDS Section, Clinical Center, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Caryn G Morse
- d Critical Care Medicine Department, AIDS Section, Clinical Center, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Mones S Abu-Asab
- a Section of Histopathology , National Eye Institute, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
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74
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Hu Y, Sun Q, Liu J, Jia Y, Cai D, Idriss AA, Omer NA, Zhao R. In ovo injection of betaine alleviates corticosterone-induced fatty liver in chickens through epigenetic modifications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40251. [PMID: 28059170 PMCID: PMC5216338 DOI: 10.1038/srep40251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine alleviates high-fat diet-induced fatty liver and prenatal betaine programs offspring hepatic lipid metabolism. Excessive corticosterone (CORT) exposure causes fatty liver in chickens, yet it remains unknown whether and how prenatal betaine modulates the susceptibility of CORT-induced fatty liver later in life. In this study, fertilized eggs were injected with saline or betaine before incubation, and the hatchlings were raised at 8 weeks of age followed by 7 days of subcutaneous CORT injection. CORT-induced fatty liver was less severe in betaine-treated chickens, with significantly reduced oil-red staining and hepatic triglyceride content (P < 0.05). The protective effect of prenatal betaine was associated with significantly up-regulated expression of PPARα and CPT1α, as well as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded genes (P < 0.05). Moreover, betaine rescued CORT-induced alterations in methionine cycle genes, which coincided with modifications of CpG methylation on CPT1α gene promoter and mtDNA D-loop regions. Furthermore, the elevation of hepatic GR protein content after CORT treatment was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the reduction of GR binding to the control region of affected genes was significantly increased (P < 0.05), in betaine-treated chickens. These results indicate that in ovo betaine injection protects the juvenile chickens from CORT-induced fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Qinwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Demin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Abdulrahman A Idriss
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Nagmeldin A Omer
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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75
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van Zutphen T, Ciapaite J, Bloks VW, Ackereley C, Gerding A, Jurdzinski A, de Moraes RA, Zhang L, Wolters JC, Bischoff R, Wanders RJ, Houten SM, Bronte-Tinkew D, Shatseva T, Lewis GF, Groen AK, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM, Jonker JW, Kim PK, Bandsma RHJ. Malnutrition-associated liver steatosis and ATP depletion is caused by peroxisomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Hepatol 2016; 65:1198-1208. [PMID: 27312946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe malnutrition in young children is associated with signs of hepatic dysfunction such as steatosis and hypoalbuminemia, but its etiology is unknown. Peroxisomes and mitochondria play key roles in various hepatic metabolic functions including lipid metabolism and energy production. To investigate the involvement of these organelles in the mechanisms underlying malnutrition-induced hepatic dysfunction we developed a rat model of malnutrition. METHODS Weanling rats were placed on a low protein or control diet (5% or 20% of calories from protein, respectively) for four weeks. Peroxisomal and mitochondrial structural features were characterized using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Mitochondrial function was assessed using high-resolution respirometry. A novel targeted quantitative proteomics method was applied to analyze 47 mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways. RESULTS Low protein diet-fed rats developed hypoalbuminemia and hepatic steatosis, consistent with the human phenotype. Hepatic peroxisome content was decreased and metabolomic analysis indicated peroxisomal dysfunction. This was followed by changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure and increased mitochondrial content. Mitochondrial function was impaired due to multiple defects affecting respiratory chain complex I and IV, pyruvate uptake and several β-oxidation enzymes, leading to strongly reduced hepatic ATP levels. Fenofibrate supplementation restored hepatic peroxisome abundance and increased mitochondrial β-oxidation capacity, resulting in reduced steatosis and normalization of ATP and plasma albumin levels. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition leads to severe impairments in hepatic peroxisomal and mitochondrial function, and hepatic metabolic dysfunction. We discuss the potential future implications of our findings for the clinical management of malnourished children. LAY SUMMARY Severe malnutrition in children is associated with metabolic disturbances that are poorly understood. In order to study this further, we developed a malnutrition animal model and found that severe malnutrition leads to an impaired function of liver mitochondria which are essential for energy production and a loss of peroxisomes, which are important for normal liver metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim van Zutphen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolita Ciapaite
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cameron Ackereley
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Jurdzinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Allgayer de Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ling Zhang
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (current address: Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, USA)
| | - Sander M Houten
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (current address: Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, USA)
| | | | - Tatiana Shatseva
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K Kim
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
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76
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Krawczyk M, Rau M, Schattenberg JM, Bantel H, Pathil A, Demir M, Kluwe J, Boettler T, Lammert F, Geier A. Combined effects of the PNPLA3 rs738409, TM6SF2 rs58542926, and MBOAT7 rs641738 variants on NAFLD severity: a multicenter biopsy-based study. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:247-255. [PMID: 27836992 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p067454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PNPLA3 p.I148M, TM6SF2 p.E167K, and MBOAT7 rs641738 variants represent genetic risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we investigate if these polymorphisms modulate both steatosis and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. We recruited 515 patients with NAFLD (age 16-88 years, 280 female patients). Liver biopsies were performed in 320 patients. PCR-based assays were used to genotype the PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 variants. Carriers of the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 risk alleles showed increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase activities (P < 0.05). The PNPLA3 genotype was associated with steatosis grades S2-S3 (P < 0.001) and fibrosis stages F2-F4 (P < 0.001). The TM6SF2 genotype was associated with steatosis (P = 0.003) but not with fibrosis (P > 0.05). The MBOAT7 variant was solely associated with increased fibrosis (P = 0.046). In the multivariate model, variants PNPLA3 (P = 0.004) and TM6SF2 (P = 0.038) were associated with steatosis. Fibrosis stages were affected by the PNPLA3 (P = 0.042) and MBOAT7 (P = 0.021) but not by the TM6SF2 polymorphism (P > 0.05). The PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 variants are associated with increased liver injury. The TM6SF2 variant seems to modulate predominantly hepatic fat accumulation, whereas the MBOAT7 polymorphism is linked to fibrosis. The PNPLA3 polymorphism confers risk of both increased steatosis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Rau
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anita Pathil
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Münevver Demir
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- Department of Medicine I, Hamburg University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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77
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Sookoian S, Flichman D, Scian R, Rohr C, Dopazo H, Gianotti TF, Martino JS, Castaño GO, Pirola CJ. Mitochondrial genome architecture in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pathol 2016; 240:437-449. [PMID: 27577682 DOI: 10.1002/path.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, a decreased liver mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, and impaired energy metabolism. To understand the clinical implications of mtDNA diversity in the biology of NAFLD, we applied deep-coverage whole sequencing of the liver mitochondrial genomes. We used a multistage study design, including a discovery phase, a phenotype-oriented study to assess the mutational burden in patients with steatohepatitis at different stages of liver fibrosis, and a replication study to validate findings in loci of interest. We also assessed the potential protein-level impact of the observed mutations. To determine whether the observed changes are tissue-specific, we compared the liver and the corresponding peripheral blood entire mitochondrial genomes. The nuclear genes POLG and POLG2 (mitochondrial DNA polymerase-γ) were also sequenced. We observed that the liver mtDNA of patients with NAFLD harbours complex genomes with a significantly higher mutational (1.28-fold) rate and degree of heteroplasmy than in controls. The analysis of liver mitochondrial genomes of patients with different degrees of fibrosis revealed that the disease severity is associated with an overall 1.4-fold increase in mutation rate, including mutations in genes of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) chain. Significant differences in gene and protein expression patterns were observed in association with the cumulative number of OXPHOS polymorphic sites. We observed a high degree of homology (∼98%) between the blood and liver mitochondrial genomes. A missense POLG p.Gln1236His variant was associated with liver mtDNA copy number. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that OXPHOS genes contain the highest number of hotspot positions associated with a more severe phenotype. The variability of the mitochondrial genomes probably originates from a common germline source; hence, it may explain a fraction of the 'missing heritability' of NAFLD. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sookoian
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Flichman
- Department of Virology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Scian
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Rohr
- Biomedical Genomics and Evolution Laboratory. Ecology, Genetics and Evolution Department, Faculty of Science, IEGEBA, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Dopazo
- Biomedical Genomics and Evolution Laboratory. Ecology, Genetics and Evolution Department, Faculty of Science, IEGEBA, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomas Fernández Gianotti
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio San Martino
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Diego Thompson, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo O Castaño
- Liver Unit, Medicine and Surgery Department, Hospital Abel Zubizarreta, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos J Pirola
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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78
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Meta-analysis of the influence of TM6SF2 E167K variant on Plasma Concentration of Aminotransferases across different Populations and Diverse Liver Phenotypes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27718. [PMID: 27278285 PMCID: PMC4899730 DOI: 10.1038/srep27718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A nonsynonymous E167K (rs58542926 C/T) variant in TM6SF2 gene was recently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We explored the association between E167K and plasma concentrations of alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferases through a meta-analysis. We also estimated the strength of the effect across diverse liver phenotypes, including NAFLD and chronic viral hepatitis; fourteen studies were included. We found that ALT (p = 3.2 × 10−6, n = 94,414) and AST (p = 0007, n = 93,809) levels were significantly associated with rs58542926 in NAFLD. By contrast, rs58542926 was not associated with either ALT (p = 0.24, n = 4187) or AST (p = 0.17, n = 2678) levels in four studies on chronic hepatitis. In conclusion, the results of the pooled estimates in patients with NAFLD showed that carriers of the T allele (EK + KK), when compared with homozygous subjects for the C allele (EE genotype) have increased levels of aminotransferases; however, this increase represents –2.5 (9.8%) and 1.2 (5%) IU/L of ALT and AST respectively, which is fairly small compared with the large effect of PNPLA3- rs738409-G allele that is associated with a –28% increase in serum ALT.
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