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Enders D, Wang C, Greb A. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Functionalised Tetrahydrofurans via an Organocatalytic Michael Addition as Key Step. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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52
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Demir AS, Eymur S. Nonlinear effects in proline–thiourea host–guest complex catalyzed aldol reactions in nonpolar solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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53
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Kotsuki H, Nakano K, Ichikawa Y. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reaction of Furan under High Pressure. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-s(s)85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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54
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Enders D, Wang C, Mukanova M, Greb A. Organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of polyfunctionalized 3-(cyclohexenylmethyl)-indoles via a quadruple domino Friedel–Crafts-type/Michael/Michael/aldol condensation reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2447-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c002839h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Itoh S, Kitamura M, Yamada Y, Aoki S. Chiral catalysts dually functionalized with amino acid and Zn2+ complex components for enantioselective direct aldol reactions inspired by natural aldolases: design, synthesis, complexation properties, catalytic activities, and mechanistic study. Chemistry 2009; 15:10570-84. [PMID: 19746465 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aldolases are enzymes that catalyze stereospecific aldol reactions in a reversible manner. Naturally occurring aldolases include class I aldolases, which catalyze aldol reactions via enamine intermediates, and class II aldolases, in which Zn(2+) enolates of substrates react with acceptor aldehydes. In this work, Zn(2+) complexes of L-prolyl-pendant[15]aneN(5) (ZnL(3)), L-prolyl-pendant[12]aneN(4) (ZnL(4)), and L-valyl-pendant[12]aneN(4) (ZnL(5)) were designed and synthesized for use as chiral catalysts for enantioselective aldol reactions. The complexation constants for L(3) to L(5) with Zn(2+) [logK(s)(ZnL)] were determined to be 14.1 (for ZnL(3)), 7.6 (for ZnL(4)), and 9.6 (for ZnL(5)), indicating that ZnL(3) is more stable than ZnL(4) and ZnL(5). The deprotonation constants of Zn(2+)-bound water [pK(a)(ZnL) values] for ZnL(3), ZnL(4), and ZnL(5) were calculated to be 9.2 (for ZnL(3)), 8.2 (for ZnL(4)), and 8.6 (for ZnL(5)), suggesting that the Zn(2+) ions in ZnL(3) is a less acidic Lewis acid than in ZnL(4) and ZnL(5). These values also indicated that the amino groups on the side chains weakly coordinate to Zn(2+). We carried out aldol reactions between acetone and 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and other aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amounts of the chiral Zn(2+) complexes in acetone/H(2)O at 25 and 37 degrees C. Whereas ZnL(3) yielded the aldol product in 43% yield and 1% ee (R), ZnL(4) and ZnL(5) afforded good chemical yields and high enantioselectivities of up to 89% ee (R). UV titrations of proline and ZnL(4) with acetylacetone (acac) in DMSO/H(2)O (1:2) indicate that ZnL(4) facilitates the formation of the ZnL(4)(acac)(-) complex (K(app)=2.1x10(2) M(-1)), whereas L-proline forms a Schiff base with acac with a very small equilibrium constant. These results suggest that the amino acid components and the Zn(2+) ions in ZnL(4) and ZnL(5) function in a cooperative manner to generate the Zn(2+)-enolate of acetone, thus permitting efficient enantioselective C-C bond formation with aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Itoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
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Jahn U, Kafka F, Pohl R, Jones PG. N,3,4-Trisubstituted pyrrolidines by electron transfer-induced oxidative cyclizations of N-allylic β-amino ester enolates. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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57
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Catalán-Muñoz S, Müller CA, Ley SV. An Asymmetric Tandem Conjugative Addition-Intramolecular Cyclisation Process to Provide Functionalised 3,6-Dihydropyrans and 4,5-Epoxytetrahydropyrans. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arai H, Sugaya N, Sasaki N, Makino K, Lectard S, Hamada Y. Enantioselective aziridination reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes using an organocatalyst and tert-butyl N-arenesulfonyloxycarbamates. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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60
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Shirakawa S, Shimizu S. Synthesis of an Inherently Chiral Calix[4]arene Amino Acid and Its Derivatives: Their Application to Asymmetric Reactions as Organocatalysts. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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61
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Angelici G, Corrêa RJ, Garden SJ, Tomasini C. Water influences the enantioselectivity in the proline or prolinamide-catalyzed aldol addition of acetone to isatins. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Toma Š, Mečiarová M, Šebesta R. Are Ionic Liquids Suitable Media for Organocatalytic Reactions? European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Toma
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina CH2, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia, Fax: +421‐2‐60296337
| | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina CH2, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia, Fax: +421‐2‐60296337
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina CH2, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia, Fax: +421‐2‐60296337
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Komatsu Y, Ikishima H, Okuyama A, Nakamura M, Kotsuki H. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products Using Proline-catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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64
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Takahata H, Yoshimura Y, Ohara C, Miyagawa T. Modified 3-Hydroxypipecolic Acid Derivatives as an Organocatalyst. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(f)61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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65
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Blanco O, Pato C, Ruiz M, Ojea V. Synthesis of pyrrolidine homoazasugars and 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylprolines using aldol additions of metalated bislactim ethers to 2,4-O-ethylidene-d-erythroses. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2310-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b902366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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66
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Kokotos G, Barbayianni E, Bouzi P, Constantinou-Kokotou V, Ragoussis V. Synthesis of Homoproline Analogues Containing Heterocyclic Rings and Their Activity as Organocatalysts for Michael Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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67
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Bruckmann A, Rodríguez B, Bolm C. Nonlinear effects in proline-catalysed aldol reactions under solvent-free conditions based on the ternary phase behaviour of scalemic proline. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b821415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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69
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Enantioselective synthesis of martinelline chiral core and its diastereomer using asymmetric tandem Michael–aldol reaction. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yang H, Carter RG. N-(p-dodecylphenylsulfonyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide: a practical proline mimetic for facilitating enantioselective aldol reactions. Org Lett 2008; 10:4649-52. [PMID: 18808137 PMCID: PMC2587530 DOI: 10.1021/ol801941j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly practical and readily available proline surrogate has been developed with improved solubility properties in common, nonpolar organic solvents. This sulfonamide-based catalyst has proven highly effective at facilitating enantioselective and diastereoselective aldol reactions with a range of substrates in nonpolar organic solvents in the presence of a single equivalent of water. Additionally, catalyst loading as low as 2 mol % can be employed in the absence of any organic solvent with continued high levels of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Rich G. Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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Xue F, Zhang S, Duan W, Wang W. A Novel Bifunctional Sulfonamide Primary Amine-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Ketones to Nitroolefins. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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72
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Enders D, Wang C, Bats J. Organokatalytische asymmetrische Dominoreaktionen: eine Kaskade aus Michael-Addition und Aldehyd-α-Alkylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Enders D, Wang C, Bats J. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Reactions: A Cascade Consisting of a Michael Addition and an Aldehyde α‐Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7539-42. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Enders
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 241–809–2127 http://www.oc.rwth‐aachen.de
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 241–809–2127 http://www.oc.rwth‐aachen.de
| | - Jan W. Bats
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Frankfurt, Marie‐Curie‐Strasse 11, 60439 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
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