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Aguilar-Ruiz SR, Torres-Aguilar H, González-Domínguez É, Narváez J, González-Pérez G, Vargas-Ayala G, Meraz-Ríos MA, García-Zepeda EA, Sánchez-Torres C. Human CD16+and CD16-monocyte subsets display unique effector properties in inflammatory conditions in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:1119-31. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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52
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Smeekens SP, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Jacobs L, Jansen T, Williams DL, van der Meer JWM, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG. The classical CD14⁺⁺ CD16⁻ monocytes, but not the patrolling CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes, promote Th17 responses to Candida albicans. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2915-24. [PMID: 21695694 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the functional differences between cluster of differentiation (CD)14(++) CD16(-) and CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes during anti-Candida host defense. CD14(++) CD16(-) are the "classical" monocytes and represent the majority of circulating monocytes in humans, while CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes patrol the vasculature for maintenance of tissue integrity and repair. Both monocyte subsets inhibited the germination of live Candida albicans, and there was no difference in their capacity to phagocytose and kill Candida. Although production of IL-6 and IL-10 induced by C. albicans was found to be similar between monocyte subsets, IL-1β and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was higher in CD14(++) CD16(-) compared with CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes. In line with the increased production of IL-1β and PGE2, central mediators for inducing Th17 responses, CD14(++) CD16(-) monocytes induced greater Th17 responses upon stimulation with heat-killed C. albicans yeast. The percentage of cells that expressed mannose receptor (MR) was higher in the CD14(++) CD16(-) monocyte subset, and MR-specific stimulation induced higher Th17 responses only in co-cultures of CD14(++) CD16(-) monocytes and CD4 lymphocytes. In conclusion, both monocyte subsets have potent innate antifungal properties, but only CD14(++) CD16(-) monocytes are capable of inducing a potent Th17 response to C. albicans, an important component of antifungal host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne P Smeekens
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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53
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Chai LYA, Vonk AG, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG. Immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus in compromised hosts: from bedside to bench. Future Microbiol 2011; 6:73-83. [PMID: 21162637 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of studies aimed at understanding host immune response against Aspergillus fumigatus takes on much significance given that all patients with invasive aspergillosis are invariably immunocompromised. This article attempts to correlate relevant findings from recent experimental studies to clinical observations made by the physician at the bedside. It is hoped that the increased understanding of host-fungus immune interaction may pave the way for the development of new management strategies against this difficult-to-treat fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Y A Chai
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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54
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Siedlar M, Strach M, Bukowska-Strakova K, Lenart M, Szaflarska A, Węglarczyk K, Rutkowska M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Pituch-Noworolska A, Kowalczyk D, Grodzicki T, Ziegler-Heitbrock L, Zembala M. Preparations of intravenous immunoglobulins diminish the number and proinflammatory response of CD14+CD16++ monocytes in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients. Clin Immunol 2011; 139:122-32. [PMID: 21300572 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) on monocyte subpopulations and cytokine production in patients with CVID. The absolute number of CD14(+)CD16(++) monocytes decreased on average 2.5-fold 4h after IVIG and after 20h returned to the baseline. The cytokine level in the supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after ex vivo LPS stimulation demonstrated the >2-fold decrease in TNF production 4h after IVIG. The TNF expression, which is higher in the CD14(+)CD16(++) monocytes, was decreased in these cells by IVIG in 4/7 CVID cases. In vitro exposure of the healthy individuals' monocytes to the IVIG preparation resulted in reduced TNF production, which was overcome by blockade of the FcγRIIB in the CD14(+)CD16(++) CD32B(high) monocytes. Our data suggest that reduction in the number of CD14(+)CD16(++) monocytes and the blockade of their cytokine production via triggering CD32B can contribute to the anti-inflammatory action of IVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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55
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Dhiman R, Bandaru A, Barnes PF, Saha S, Tvinnereim A, Nayak RC, Paidipally P, Valluri VL, Rao LVM, Vankayalapati R. c-Maf-dependent growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a CD14(hi) subpopulation of monocyte-derived macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:1638-45. [PMID: 21209279 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a major component of the innate immune response, comprising the first line of defense against various intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this report, we studied the factors that regulate growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv in subpopulations of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In healthy donors, M. tuberculosis H37Rv grew 5.6-fold more rapidly in CD14(hi) MDMs compared with that in CD14(lo)CD16(+) MDMs. Compared with CD14(lo)CD16(+) cells, M. tuberculosis H37Rv-stimulated CD14(hi) monocytes produced more IL-10 and had increased mRNA expression for c-Maf, a transcription factor that upregulates IL-10 gene expression. c-Maf small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited IL-10 production and growth of M. tuberculosis in CD14(hi) cells. Compared with CD14(lo)CD16(+) monocytes, M. tuberculosis H37Rv-stimulated CD14(hi) cells had increased expression of 22 genes whose promoters contained a c-Maf binding site, including hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1). c-Maf siRNA inhibited HAS1 expression in M. tuberculosis-stimulated CD14(hi) monocytes, and HAS1 siRNA inhibited growth of M. tuberculosis in CD14(hi) MDMs. M. tuberculosis H37Rv upregulated expression of HAS1 protein and its product, hyaluronan, in CD14(hi) MDMs. We conclude that M. tuberculosis grows more rapidly in CD14(hi) than in CD14(lo)CD16(+) MDMs because CD14(hi) cells have increased expression of c-Maf, which increases production of two key factors (hyaluronan and IL-10) that promote growth of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Dhiman
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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56
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Schmidt S, Tramsen L, Hanisch M, Latgé JP, Huenecke S, Koehl U, Lehrnbecher T. Human natural killer cells exhibit direct activity against Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae, but not against resting conidia. J Infect Dis 2010; 203:430-5. [PMID: 21208932 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiq062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Because natural killer (NK) cells kill tumor cells and combat infections, there is growing interest in adoptively transferring NK cells to hematopoietic stem cell recipients. Unfortunately, in humans, the activity of NK cells against Aspergillus species, the major cause of invasive fungal infection in stem cell recipients, are poorly characterized. Our results show that unstimulated and interleukin-2 prestimulated human NK cells kill Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae but do not affect resting conidia. Killing is also induced by the supernatant of prestimulated NK cells and human perforin. The high levels of interferon-γ and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor produced by prestimulated NK cells are significantly reduced by Aspergillus, indicating an immunosuppressive effect of the fungus. Whereas Aspergillus hyphae activate NK cells, resting, and germinating, conidia and conidia of ΔrodA mutants lacking the hydrophobic surface layer do not. Our results suggest that adoptively transferred human NK cells may be a potential antifungal tool in the transplantation context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Schmidt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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57
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Abstract
AbstractMonocytes and cells of the dendritic cell lineage circulate in blood and eventually migrate into tissue where they further mature and serve various functions, most notably in immune defense. Over recent years these cells have been characterized in detail with the use of cell surface markers and flow cytometry, and subpopulations have been described. The present document proposes a nomenclature for these cells and defines 3 types of monocytes (classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes) and 3 types of dendritic cells (plasmacytoid and 2 types of myeloid dendritic cells) in human and in mouse blood. This classification has been approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Immunological Societies, and we are convinced that it will facilitate communication among experts and in the wider scientific community.
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Cros J, Cagnard N, Woollard K, Patey N, Zhang SY, Senechal B, Puel A, Biswas SK, Moshous D, Picard C, Jais JP, D'Cruz D, Casanova JL, Trouillet C, Geissmann F. Human CD14dim monocytes patrol and sense nucleic acids and viruses via TLR7 and TLR8 receptors. Immunity 2010; 33:375-86. [PMID: 20832340 PMCID: PMC3063338 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 922] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are effectors of the inflammatory response to microbes. Human CD14(+) monocytes specialize in phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species and secrete inflammatory cytokines in response to a broad range of microbial cues. Here, we have characterized the functions of human monocytes that lack CD14 (CD14(dim)) and express CD16. CD14(dim) monocytes were genetically distinct from natural killer cells. Gene expression analyses indicated similarities with murine patrolling Gr1(dim) monocytes, and they patrolled the endothelium of blood vessels after adoptive transfer, in a lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1-dependent manner. CD14(dim) monocytes were weak phagocytes and did not produce ROS or cytokines in response to cell-surface Toll-like receptors. Instead, they selectively produced TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL3 in response to viruses and immune complexes containing nucleic acids, via a proinflammatory TLR7-TLR 8-MyD88-MEK pathway. Thus, CD14(dim) cells are bona fide monocytes involved in the innate local surveillance of tissues and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cros
- U838 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Plateforme Bio-informatique & Département de biostatistiques AP-HP, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Woollard
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of inflammation, Division of Immunology Infection and Inflammatory Diseases, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK
| | - Natacha Patey
- U838 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Subhra K. Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network, SIgN (BMSI, ASTAR), Immunos, 138648 Singapore
| | - Despina Moshous
- Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Jais
- Plateforme Bio-informatique & Département de biostatistiques AP-HP, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David D'Cruz
- Louise Coote Lupus Unit, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U550 and University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Trouillet
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of inflammation, Division of Immunology Infection and Inflammatory Diseases, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK
| | - Fréderic Geissmann
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of inflammation, Division of Immunology Infection and Inflammatory Diseases, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK
- U838 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author
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Hohl TM, Rivera A, Lipuma L, Gallegos A, Shi C, Mack M, Pamer EG. Inflammatory monocytes facilitate adaptive CD4 T cell responses during respiratory fungal infection. Cell Host Microbe 2010; 6:470-81. [PMID: 19917501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous fungus, causes invasive disease in immunocompromised humans. Although monocytes and antigen-specific CD4 T cells contribute to defense against inhaled fungal spores, how these cells interact during infection remains undefined. Investigating the role of inflammatory monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells during fungal infection, we find that A. fumigatus infection induces an influx of chemokine receptor CCR2- and Ly6C-expressing inflammatory monocytes into lungs and draining lymph nodes. Depletion of CCR2(+) cells reduced A. fumigatus conidial transport from lungs to draining lymph nodes, abolished CD4 T cell priming following respiratory challenge, and impaired pulmonary fungal clearance. In contrast, depletion of CCR2(+)Ly6C(hi) monocytes during systemic fungal infection did not prevent CD4 T cell priming in the spleen. Our findings demonstrate that pulmonary CD4 T cell responses to inhaled spores require CCR2(+)Ly6C(hi) monocytes and their derivatives, revealing a compartmentally restricted function for these cells in adaptive respiratory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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