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The Role of Nuclear Hormone Receptors in Cannabinoid Function. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 80:291-328. [PMID: 28826538 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, evidence has been accumulating that most cannabinoid compounds interact with the nuclear hormone family peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). This can be through direct binding of these compounds to PPARs, metabolism of cannabinoid to other PPAR-activating chemicals, or indirect activation of PPAR through cell signaling pathways. Delivery of cannabinoids to the nucleus may be facilitated by fatty acid-binding proteins and carrier proteins. All PPAR isoforms appear to be activated by cannabinoids, but the majority of evidence is for PPARα and γ. To date, little is known about the potential interaction of cannabinoids with other nuclear hormones. At least some (but not all) of the well-known biological actions of cannabinoids including neuroprotection, antiinflammatory action, and analgesic effects are partly mediated by PPAR-activation, often in combination with activation of the more traditional target sites of action. This has been best investigated for the endocannabinoid-like compounds palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamine acting at PPARα, and for phytocannabinoids or their derivatives activation acting at PPARγ. However, there are still many aspects of cannabinoid activation of PPAR and the role it plays in the biological and therapeutic effects of cannabinoids that remain to be investigated.
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Yang Q, Qiu H, Xie H, Qi Y, Cha H, Qu J, Wang M, Feng Y, Ye X, Mu J, Huang J. A Schistosoma japonicum Infection Promotes the Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Activating the JAK/STAT3 Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4716-4727. [PMID: 28476935 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous group of immune cells from the myeloid lineage, play an important part in suppression of host immune responses during many pathologic conditions, including cancer and infectious diseases. Thus, understanding the functional diversity of these cells as well as the underlying mechanisms is crucial for the development of disease control strategies. The role of MDSCs during Schistosoma japonicum infection, however, is not clear, and there is a lack of systematic study so far. In this study, we provide strong evidence that the soluble egg Ag (SEA) and schistosome worm Ag (SWA) of S. japonicum enhance the accumulation of MDSCs. Ag-induced MDSCs have more potent suppressive effects on T cell responses than do control MDSCs in both in vivo S. japonicum infection and in vitro SEA- and SWA-treated mouse bone marrow cells experiments. Interestingly, the enhanced suppressive activity of MDSCs by Ag administration was coupled with a dramatic induction of the NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox and was dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that the Ag effects are mediated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by the JAK inhibitor JSI-124 almost completely abolished the Ag effects on the MDSCs. In summary, this study sheds new light on the immune modulatory role of SEA and SWA and demonstrates that the expansion of MDSCs may be an important element of a cellular network regulating immune responses during S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Functional Experiment Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hefei Cha
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Mu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China; .,Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China; .,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
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Pisanti S, Malfitano AM, Ciaglia E, Lamberti A, Ranieri R, Cuomo G, Abate M, Faggiana G, Proto MC, Fiore D, Laezza C, Bifulco M. Cannabidiol: State of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 175:133-150. [PMID: 28232276 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, several lines of evidence support a therapeutic potential of Cannabis derivatives and in particular phytocannabinoids. Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most abundant phytocannabinoids in Cannabis plants and therapeutic application for both compounds have been suggested. However, CBD is recently emerging as a therapeutic agent in numerous pathological conditions since devoid of the psychoactive side effects exhibited instead by Δ9-THC. In this review, we highlight the pharmacological activities of CBD, its cannabinoid receptor-dependent and -independent action, its biological effects focusing on immunomodulation, angiogenetic properties, and modulation of neuronal and cardiovascular function. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol is also highlighted, in particular in nuerological diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Malfitano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Lamberti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Ranieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Gaia Cuomo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Faggiana
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy; Corporea, Fondazione Idis-Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy.
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Ligresti A, De Petrocellis L, Di Marzo V. From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1593-659. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from having been used and misused for at least four millennia for, among others, recreational and medicinal purposes, the cannabis plant and its most peculiar chemical components, the plant cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), have the merit to have led humanity to discover one of the most intriguing and pleiotropic endogenous signaling systems, the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This review article aims to describe and critically discuss, in the most comprehensive possible manner, the multifaceted aspects of 1) the pharmacology and potential impact on mammalian physiology of all major phytocannabinoids, and not only of the most famous one Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and 2) the adaptive pro-homeostatic physiological, or maladaptive pathological, roles of the ECS in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs. In doing so, we have respected the chronological order of the milestones of the millennial route from medicinal/recreational cannabis to the ECS and beyond, as it is now clear that some of the early steps in this long path, which were originally neglected, are becoming important again. The emerging picture is rather complex, but still supports the belief that more important discoveries on human physiology, and new therapies, might come in the future from new knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Luciano De Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
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O'Sullivan SE. An update on PPAR activation by cannabinoids. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1899-910. [PMID: 27077495 PMCID: PMC4882496 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some cannabinoids activate the different isoforms of PPARs (α, β and γ), as shown through the use of reporter gene assays, binding studies, selective antagonists and knockout studies. Activation of all isoforms, but primarily PPARα and γ, mediates some (but not all) of the analgesic, neuroprotective, neuronal function modulation, anti-inflammatory, metabolic, anti-tumour, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular effects of some cannabinoids, often in conjunction with activation of the more traditional target sites of action such as the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and the TRPV1 ion channel. PPARs also mediate some of the effects of inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation or transport. Cannabinoids may be chaperoned to the PPARs by fatty acid binding proteins. The aims of this review are to update the evidence supporting PPAR activation by cannabinoids and to review the physiological responses to cannabinoids that are mediated, and not mediated, by PPAR activation.
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Yao L, Abe M, Kawasaki K, Akbar SMF, Matsuura B, Onji M, Hiasa Y. Characterization of Liver Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Role in a Murine Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149948. [PMID: 26901500 PMCID: PMC4762771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are potent suppressors of T cell immunity in tumors and inflammatory diseases. They are identified by surface expression of CD11b+Gr1+ in mice, and CD11b+Gr1+ cells accumulate in the livers of obese mice. However, many myeloid cells share these CD11b+Gr1+ markers. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify the authentic phenotype of MDSCs and investigate their functions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). C57BL/6J mice were divided into 2 diet groups: a normal control group and high-fat group to induce NAFLD. We demonstrated that monocytic CD11b+Gr1dim cells could be further divided into 2 populations based on side scatter (SSC) during flow cytometry. We found that SSClowCD11b+Gr1dim cells accumulated in the livers of NAFLD mice over time, and that these cells were recruited by the chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 and might expand in the liver via macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulation. Furthermore, SSClowCD11b+Gr1dim cells had a strong suppressive ability on T cells; this effect was not observed for SSChighCD11b+Gr1dim cells, and was dependent on nitric oxide production by inducible nitric oxide synthase. Our findings demonstrate that SSClowCD11b+Gr1dim cells represent authentic MDSCs in NAFLD livers, and might serve an important negative feedback function in liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Keitarou Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Bunzo Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
| | - Morikazu Onji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imabari Saiseikai Medical-Welfare Center, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime, Japan
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Evaluation of Serum Cytokines Levels and the Role of Cannabidiol Treatment in Animal Model of Asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:538670. [PMID: 26101464 PMCID: PMC4458548 DOI: 10.1155/2015/538670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents a public health problem and traditionally is classified as an atopic disease, where the allergen can induce clinical airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible obstruction of airways. Studies have demonstrated the presence of T-helper 2 lymphocytes in the lung of patients with asthma. These cells are involved in cytokine production that regulates immunoglobulin synthesis. Recognizing that T cell interaction with antigens/allergens is key to the development of inflammatory diseases, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of cannabidiol (CBD) in this setting. Asthma was induced in 8-week-old Wistar rats by ovalbumin (OVA). In the last 2 days of OVA challenge animals received CBD (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and were killed 24 hours after. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were determinate in the serum. CBD treatment was able to decrease the serum levels of all analyzed cytokines except for IL-10 levels. CBD seems to be a potential new drug to modulate inflammatory response in asthma.
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