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Which surgical procedure is effective for refractory chronic subdural hematoma? Analysis of our surgical procedures and literature review. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 49:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sirh S, Park HR, Park SQ. Usefulness of Middle Meningeal Embolization to Prevent Recurrent Spontaneous Chronic Subdural Hemorrhage. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 2018; 20:40-46. [PMID: 30370239 PMCID: PMC6196131 DOI: 10.7461/jcen.2018.20.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is a rare condition that could develop in association with hematologic disease. A 66-year-old male developed a chronic SDH as an initial manifestation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). He experienced recurrent chronic subdural hemorrhage and newly developed intracerebral hemorrhage. Considering the scheduled long-term chemotherapy, bilateral middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization was performed to prevent recurrence of subdural hemorrhage. Although pancytopenia occurred during the 7 months' follow-up period, residual chronic subdural hemorrhage was absorbed without recurrence. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of CMML with spontaneous chronic SDH. MMA embolization is potentially a useful and safe treatment option in the challenging clinical situations with underlying pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooji Sirh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sukh Que Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Ban SP, Hwang G, Byoun HS, Kim T, Lee SU, Bang JS, Han JH, Kim CY, Kwon OK, Oh CW. Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma. Radiology 2017; 286:992-999. [PMID: 29019449 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization on chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) and compare the treatment outcomes of MMA embolization and conventional treatment. Materials and Methods All consecutive patients 20 years or older with CSDH were assessed for eligibility. CSDHs with a focal location, a thickness of 10 mm or less, no mass effect, or underlying conditions were excluded. Seventy-two prospectively enrolled patients with CSDH underwent MMA embolization (embolization group; as the sole treatment in 27 [37.5%] asymptomatic patients and with additional hematoma removal for symptom relief in 45 [62.5%] symptomatic patients). For comparison, 469 patients who underwent conventional treatment were included as a historical control group (conventional treatment group; close, nonsurgical follow-up in 67 [14.3%] and hematoma removal in 402 [85.7%] patients). Primary outcome was treatment failure defined as a composite of incomplete hematoma resolution (remaining or reaccumulated hematoma with thickness > 10 mm) or surgical rescue (hematoma removal for relief of symptoms that developed with continuous growth of initial or reaccumulated hematoma). Secondary outcomes included surgical rescue as a component of the primary outcome and treatment-related complication for safety measure. Six-month outcomes were compared between the study groups with logistic regression analysis. Results Spontaneous hematoma resolution was achieved in all of 27 asymptomatic patients undergoing embolization without direct hematoma removal. Hematoma reaccumulation occurred in one (2.2%) of 45 symptomatic patients receiving embolization with additional hematoma removal. Treatment failure rate in the embolization group was lower than in the conventional treatment group (one of 72 patients [1.4%] vs 129 of 469 patients [27.5%], respectively; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.056; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.011, 0.286; P = .001). Surgical rescue was less frequent in the embolization group (one of 72 patients [1.4%] vs 88 of 469 patients [18.8%]; adjusted OR, 0.094; 95% CI: 0.018, 0.488; P = .005). Treatment-related complication rate was not different between the two groups (0 of 72 patients vs 20 of 469 patients [4.3%]; adjusted OR, 0.145; 95% CI: 0.009, 2.469; P = .182). Conclusion MMA embolization has a positive therapeutic effect on CSDH and is more effective than conventional treatment. © RSNA, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Pil Ban
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
| | - Gyojun Hwang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
| | - Hyoung Soo Byoun
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
| | - Tackeun Kim
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
| | - Si Un Lee
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
| | - Jae Seung Bang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
| | - Jung Ho Han
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
| | - Chae-Yong Kim
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
| | - O-Ki Kwon
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
| | - Chang Wan Oh
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (S.P.B., T.K., S.U.L., J.S.B., J.H.H., C.Y.K., O.K.K., C.W.O.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, 12 Beodeunaru-ro 7-gil, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul 07247, Korea (G.H., H.S.B.)
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Tsutsumi S, Ogino I, Miyajima M, Nonaka S, Ito M, Yasumoto Y, Arai H. Role of cathepsin K in the development of chronic subdural hematoma. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 45:343-347. [PMID: 28887075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive investigations, the process of development of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is not known. The present study aims to investigate CSDH by measuring biomarkers in it, gas analysis, and immunohistochemical examination. A total of 42 patients with symptomatic CSDH who underwent burr-hole drainage were enrolled. Intraoperatively, hematoma fluid and peripheral venous blood (PVCSDH) were simultaneously collected. As controls, peripheral venous blood (PVControl) and intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from other subjects during other surgeries. CatK, lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS), and cystatin C (CysC) present in these specimens were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data obtained were statistically analyzed after age correction. In 15 patients, gas analysis was performed for CSDH and PVCSDH. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination for the outer membrane was performed for four patients. CatK, PGDS, and CysC levels were markedly elevated in the CSF and CSDH. CatK levels in PVCSDH were significantly higher than in PVControl (P<0.0001). In contrast, CysC levels in PVCSDH were significantly lower than in PVControl (P=0.004). The gas analysis revealed that the internal environment of CSDH is characterized by marked hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and lactic acidosis. Furthermore, the outer membrane consistently showed a diffuse staining for CatK. Based on these, CatK was thought to play a role in the development of CSDH, with the levels in peripheral venous blood elevated in patients with CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tsutsumi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Ogino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyajima
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Senshu Nonaka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Yasumoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
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Matsumoto H, Hanayama H, Okada T, Sakurai Y, Minami H, Masuda A, Tominaga S, Miyaji K, Yamaura I, Yoshida Y, Yoshida K. Clinical Investigation of Refractory Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Comparison of Clinical Factors Between Single and Repeated Recurrences. World Neurosurg 2017; 107:706-715. [PMID: 28844917 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is sometimes refractory, and this is troublesome for neurosurgeons. Although many studies have reported risk factors or treatments in efforts to prevent recurrence, those have focused on single recurrence, and few cumulative data are available to analyze refractory CSDH. METHODS We defined refractory CSDH as ≥2 recurrences, then analyzed and compared clinical factors between patients with single recurrence and those with refractory CSDH in a cohort study, to clarify whether patients with refractory CSDH experience different or more risk factors than patients with single recurrence, and whether burr-hole irrigation with closed-system drainage reduces refractory CSDH. RESULTS Seventy-five patients had at least 1 recurrence, with single recurrence in 62 patients and ≥2 recurrences in 13 patients. In comparing clinical characteristics, patients with refractory CSDH were significantly younger (P = 0.04) and showed shorter interval to first recurrence (P < 0.001). Organized CSDH was also significantly associated with refractory CSDH (P = 0.02). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified first recurrence interval <1 month (odds ratio, 6.66, P < 0.001) and age <71 years (odds ratio, 4.16, P < 0.001) as independent risk factors for refractory CSDH. On the other hand, burr-hole irrigation with closed-system drainage did not reduce refractory CSDH. CONCLUSIONS When patients with risk factors for refractory CSDH experience recurrence, alternative surgical procedures may be considered as the second surgery, because burr-hole irrigation with closed-system drainage did not reduce refractory CSDH in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Hanayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakurai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Minami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shogo Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsuya Miyaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ikuya Yamaura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Eishokai Yoshida Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Higaki A, Namba K, Watanabe E, Nemoto S, Gomi A. Embolization for Refractory Subacute Subdural Hematoma in a Child with Severe Hemophilia Type A. NMC Case Rep J 2017; 4:11-14. [PMID: 28664018 PMCID: PMC5364900 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2016-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia is an X-linked hemorrhagic disease due to coagulation factor VIII or IX deficiency with approximately 5-10% incidence of central nervous system bleeding. We present an intriguing case of a refractory subacute subdural hematoma (SDH) controlled with endovascular embolization in a hemophilic patient. A 5-year-old severe hemophilic A boy presented with a life threatening left parietal subcortical hemorrhage, for which he underwent craniotomy and evacuation of the hematoma. Recurrent hemorrhage necessitated a repeat craniotomy. This was followed by three episodes of SDH development at the craniotomy site that were treated surgically, and finally controlled with embolization in the subacute period. This case presents a novel option for treating a refractory SDH in patients with coagulation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuho Higaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Katsunari Namba
- Center for Endovascular Therapy, Division of Neuroendovascular Surgery, Jichi Medial University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eiju Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nemoto
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Gomi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Jichi Children’s Medical Center, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Watanabe S, Amagasaki K, Shono N, Nakaguchi H. Fibrin glue injection into the hematoma cavity for refractory chronic subdural hematoma: A case report. Surg Neurol Int 2016; 7:S876-S879. [PMID: 27999712 PMCID: PMC5154205 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.194498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Repeat burr hole irrigation and drainage has been effective in most cases of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), however, refractory cases require further procedures or other interventions. Case Description: An 85-year-old male presented with left CSDH, which recurred five times. The hematoma was irrigated and drained through a left frontal burr hole during the first to third surgery and through a left parietal burr hole during the fourth and fifth surgery. The hematoma had no septation and was well-evacuated during each surgery. Antiplatelet therapy for preventing ischemic heart disease was stopped after the second surgery, the hematoma cavity was irrigated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at the third surgery, and the direction of the drainage tube was changed to reduce the postoperative subdural air collection at the fourth surgery. However, none of these interventions was effective. He was successfully treated by fibrin glue injection into the hematoma cavity after the fifth surgery. Conclusion: This procedure may be effective for refractory CSDH in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naoyuki Shono
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Dash C, Singla R, Garg K, Sharma BS. Letter to the Editor: Enlargement of the middle meningeal artery. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:1613-1615. [PMID: 27689457 DOI: 10.3171/2016.6.jns161517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Dash
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raghav Singla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Usefulness of Embolization for Iatrogenic Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Associated with Recurrent Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2016; 92:584.e7-584.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Takizawa K, Sorimachi T, Ishizaka H, Osada T, Srivatanakul K, Momose H, Matsumae M. Enlargement of the middle meningeal artery on MR angiography in chronic subdural hematoma. J Neurosurg 2016; 124:1679-83. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.5.jns1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
The middle meningeal artery (MMA) is suspected to play an important role in the development of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). The aim of this study was to clarify whether the MMA was enlarged in patients with CSDHs.
METHODS
The authors retrospectively assessed 55 patients in whom CSDH was diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 and who underwent MR angiography (MRA) after the onset of CSDH. The authors compared MMA diameters between hemispheres with and without CSDHs on MR angiograms. A case-control study was also performed with 55 sex- and age-matched patients with incidental unruptured aneurysms as controls.
RESULTS
In 55 patients with CSDHs, the diameters of the 79 MMAs on the CSDH side were significantly larger than the diameters of the 31 MMAs on the non-CSDH side (p < 0.05). In 24 patients with bilateral CSDHs, no significant difference was found between the MMA diameters on the larger hematoma side and those on the smaller hematoma side. In 13 patients who underwent MRA before the onset of the CSDH, the MMAs on MR angiograms acquired after onset of the CSDH were significantly larger than those on MR angiograms acquired before the CSDH onset (p < 0.05). The diameters of the MMAs in 55 patients with CSDHs were significantly larger than those of the MMAs in the 55 control patients (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The MMA is enlarged with development of a CSDH. Information about the MMA observed on MRA in patients with CSDHs may be useful in developing a strategy for future treatment of CSDHs.
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Yan K, Gao H, Wang Q, Xu X, Wu W, Zhou X, Xu W, Ye F. Endoscopic surgery to chronic subdural hematoma with neovessel septation: technical notes and literature review. Neurol Res 2016; 38:467-76. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1139772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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62
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Yu J, Guo Y, Xu B, Xu K. Clinical importance of the middle meningeal artery: A review of the literature. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:790-799. [PMID: 27766029 PMCID: PMC5069415 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The middle meningeal artery (MMA) is a very important artery in neurosurgery. Many diseases, including dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), pseudoaneurysm, true aneurysm, traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF), moyamoya disease (MMD), recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), migraine and meningioma, can involve the MMA. In these diseases, the lesions occur in either the MMA itself and treatment is necessary, or the MMA is used as the pathway to treat the lesions; therefore, the MMA is very important to the development and treatment of a variety of neurosurgical diseases. However, no systematic review describing the importance of MMA has been published. In this study, we used the PUBMED database to perform a review of the literature on the MMA to increase our understanding of its role in neurosurgery. After performing this review, we found that the MMA was commonly used to access DAVFs and meningiomas. Pseudoaneurysms and true aneurysms in the MMA can be effectively treated via endovascular or surgical removal. In MMD, the MMA plays a very important role in the development of collateral circulation and indirect revascularization. For recurrent CDSHs, after burr hole irrigation and drainage have failed, MMA embolization may be attempted. The MMA can also contribute to the occurrence and treatment of migraines. Because the ophthalmic artery can ectopically originate from the MMA, caution must be taken to avoid causing damage to the MMA during operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunbao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baofeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions. There is lack of uniformity in the treatment of CSDH amongst surgeons in terms of various treatment strategies. Clinical presentation may vary from no symptoms to unconsciousness. CSDH is usually diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is more sensitive in the diagnosis of bilateral isodense CSDH, multiple loculations, intrahematoma membranes, fresh bleeding, hemolysis, and the size of capsule. Contrast-enhanced CT or MRI could detect associated primary or metastatic dural diseases. Although definite history of trauma could be obtained in a majority of cases, some cases may be secondary to coagulation defect, intracranial hypotension, use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, etc., Recurrent bleeding, increased exudates from outer membrane, and cerebrospinal fluid entrapment have been implicated in the enlargement of CSDH. Burr-hole evacuation is the treatment of choice for an uncomplicated CSDH. Most of the recent trials favor the use of drain to reduce recurrence rate. Craniotomy and twist drill craniostomy also play a role in the management. Dural biopsy should be taken, especially in recurrence and thick outer membrane. Nonsurgical management is reserved for asymptomatic or high operative risk patients. The steroids and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may also play a role in the management. Single management strategy is not appropriate for all the cases of CSDH. Better understanding of the nature of the pathology, rational selection of an ideal treatment strategy for an individual patient, and identification of the merits and limitations of different surgical techniques could help in improving the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yad R Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Parihar
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Namdev
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jitin Bajaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Kang J, Whang K, Hong SK, Pyen JS, Cho SM, Kim JY, Kim SH, Oh JW. Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization in Recurrent Chronic Subdural Hematoma Combined with Arachnoid Cyst. Korean J Neurotrauma 2015; 11:187-90. [PMID: 27169092 PMCID: PMC4847502 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2015.11.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a collection of old blood and its breakdown products between the surface of the brain parenchyma and the outermost layer called the dura. The most common treatment option for primary CSDH is burr-hole trephination; however, the treatment method for recurrent CSDH is still widely debated. An arachnoid cyst (AC) is a sac filled with cerebrospinal fluid located between the brain or spinal cord and the arachnoid membrane, which is one of the three meninges covering the brain or spinal cord. Although it is rare, the cyst is associated with CSDH in juveniles, and the recurrence rate of CSDH increases in such cases. Much of the literature has supported the preventive role of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization in recurrent CSDH. We report a 13-year-old male patient with recurrent CSDH and AC where the early intervention of MMA embolization was proven effective in preventing the further recurrence of CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiin Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kum Whang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Pyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung-min Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - So-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Tempaku A, Yamauchi S, Ikeda H, Tsubota N, Furukawa H, Maeda D, Kondo K, Nishio A. Usefulness of interventional embolization of the middle meningeal artery for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma: Five cases and a review of the literature. Interv Neuroradiol 2015; 21:366-71. [PMID: 26015518 DOI: 10.1177/1591019915583224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although several strategies against recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) have been proposed, no consensus has been established. Recently, middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has been proposed as radical treatment for recurrent CSDH. We wanted to estimate the usefulness of MMA embolization for recurrent CSDH. METHODS From February 2012 to June 2013, 110 patients with CSDH underwent single burr-hole surgery with irrigation and drainage. Among these patients, 13 showed recurrent hematoma formation and were retreated surgically. Furthermore, repeated recurrence of CSDH was observed in six patients. Five of these six patients underwent middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles. All five patients with interventional treatment were observed for four to 60 weeks. RESULTS No more recurrence of CSDH was observed in any of the patients. During the follow-up period, no patients suffered from any side effects or complications from the interventional treatment. CONCLUSION MMA embolization with careful attention paid to the procedure might be a treatment of choice for recurrent CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kimito Kondo
- Department of Neurological Medicine, Hokuto Hospital, Japan
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Chihara H, Imamura H, Ogura T, Adachi H, Imai Y, Sakai N. Recurrence of a Refractory Chronic Subdural Hematoma after Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization That Required Craniotomy. NMC Case Rep J 2014; 1:1-5. [PMID: 28663942 PMCID: PMC5364934 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.2013-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has been performed to treat refractory chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) with good reported outcomes. We have treated three cases of CSDH with MMA embolization to date, but there was a postoperative recurrence in one patient, which required a craniotomy for hematoma removal and capsulectomy. MMA embolization blocks the blood supply from the dura to the hematoma outer membrane in order to prevent recurrences of refractory CSDH. Histopathologic examination of the outer membrane of the hematoma excised during craniotomy showed foreign-body giant cells and neovascular proliferation associated with embolization. Because part of the hematoma was organized in this case, the CSDH did not resolve when the MMA was occluded, and the development of new collateral pathways in the hematoma outer membrane probably contributed to the recurrence. Therefore, in CSDH with some organized hematoma, MMA embolization may not be effective. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed in these patients before embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Chihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe City Hospital Organization, Kobe City Medical General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo
| | - Hirotoshi Imamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe City Hospital Organization, Kobe City Medical General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo
| | - Takenori Ogura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe City Hospital Organization, Kobe City Medical General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo
| | - Hidemitsu Adachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe City Hospital Organization, Kobe City Medical General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo
| | - Yukihiro Imai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe City Hospital Organization, Kobe City Medical General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo
| | - Nobuyuki Sakai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe City Hospital Organization, Kobe City Medical General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo
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Hashimoto T, Ohashi T, Watanabe D, Koyama S, Namatame H, Izawa H, Haraoka R, Okada H, Ichimasu N, Akimoto J, Haraoka J. Usefulness of embolization of the middle meningeal artery for refractory chronic subdural hematomas. Surg Neurol Int 2013; 4:104. [PMID: 24032079 PMCID: PMC3766342 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.116679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is generally treated by burr hole irrigation. However, sometimes repeated recurrence is observed, and treatment may consequently become difficult. We examined the efficacy of embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) for such cases. METHODS We considered embolization of the MMA for three patients who had refractory CSDH with repeated recurrence and two CSDH patients who were at risk of recurrence and showed signs of recurrence after surgery. A microcatheter was advanced through the MMA as peripherally as possible, and embolization was performed with 15-20% n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate or 200 μm polyvinyl alcohol particles. RESULTS EMBOLIZATION WAS PERFORMED IN THE THREE PATIENTS WHO HAD REFRACTORY CSDH WITH REPEATED RECURRENCE: The procedure was performed after burr hole irrigation of the hematoma in two patients and before the irrigation in one patient. In the two CSDH patients at risk of recurrence, embolization was performed when signs of recurrence appeared. The timing of embolization differed for each patient. However, in all the patients, the hematoma tended to decrease in size, and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION Embolization of the MMA is effective for refractory CSDH or CSDH patients with a risk of recurrence, and is considered an effective therapeutic method to stop hematoma enlargement and promote resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjyuku Shinjyukuku Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Effects of Newly Designed Drainage Catheter in Treating Chronic Subdural Hematoma. Korean J Neurotrauma 2013. [DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2013.9.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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The surgical management of chronic subdural hematoma. Neurosurg Rev 2011; 35:155-69; discussion 169. [PMID: 21909694 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-011-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is an increasingly common neurological disease process. Despite the wide prevalence of cSDH, there remains a lack of consensus regarding numerous aspects of its clinical management. We provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cSDH and discuss several controversial management issues, including the timing of post-operative resumption of anticoagulant medications, the effectiveness of anti-epileptic prophylaxis, protocols for mobilization following evacuation of cSDH, as well as the comparative effectiveness of the various techniques of surgical evacuation. A PubMed search was carried out through October 19, 2010 using the following keywords: "subdural hematoma", "craniotomy", "burr-hole", "management", "anticoagulation", "seizure prophylaxis", "antiplatelet", "mobilization", and "surgical evacuation", alone and in combination. Relevant articles were identified and back-referenced to yield additional papers. A meta-analysis was then performed comparing the efficacy and complications associated with the various methods of cSDH evacuation. There is general agreement that significant coagulopathy should be reversed expeditiously in patients presenting with cSDH. Although protocols for gradual resumption of anti-coagulation for prophylaxis of venous thrombosis may be derived from guidelines for other neurosurgical procedures, further prospective study is necessary to determine the optimal time to restart full-dose anti-coagulation in the setting of recently drained cSDH. There is also conflicting evidence to support seizure prophylaxis in patients with cSDH, although the existing literature supports prophylaxis in patients who are at a higher risk for seizures. The published data regarding surgical technique for cSDH supports primary twist drill craniostomy (TDC) drainage at the bedside for patients who are high-risk surgical candidates with non-septated cSDH and craniotomy as a first-line evacuation technique for cSDH with significant membranes. Larger prospective studies addressing these aspects of cSDH management are necessary to establish definitive recommendations.
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