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Zhu H, He L. Beclin 1 biology and its role in heart disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2015; 11:229-37. [PMID: 25373623 PMCID: PMC4558354 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x10666141106104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter termed autophagy) is a highly evolutionarily conserved pathway that degrades intracellular components such as damaged organelles in lysosome. Autophagy occurs at low basal levels in virtually all types of cells, which is required for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Beclin 1 protein, encoded by the beclin 1 gene, plays a central role in the regulation of autophagy. Beclin 1 primarily functions as a scaffolding protein assembling Beclin 1 interactome to regulate Class III PI3K/VPS34 activity, which in turn, tightly controls autophagy at multiple stages. In addition to autophagy, Beclin 1 participates in the regulation of other biological processes such as endocytosis, apoptosis and phagocytosis. Fine-tuning of Beclin 1 protein levels, intracellular localization and the assembly of its interactome is pivotal for the proper execution of these biological functions. Deregulation of Beclin 1 contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. In this review, we summarize biology of Beclin 1 and its role in human pathology, with an emphasis on heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Zhu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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52
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Qiu G, Li X, Che X, Wei C, He S, Lu J, Jia Z, Pang K, Fan L. SIRT1 is a regulator of autophagy: Implications in gastric cancer progression and treatment. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2034-42. [PMID: 26049033 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Silent mating type information regulation 1 (SIRT1) is implicated in tumorigenesis through its effect on autophagy. In gastric cancer (GC), SIRT1 is a marker for prognosis and is involved in cell invasion, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. Autophagy can function as a cell-survival mechanism or lead to cell death during the genesis and treatment of GC. This functionality is determined by factors including the stage of the tumor, cellular context and stress levels. Interestingly, SIRT1 can regulate autophagy through the deacetylation of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and mediators of autophagy. Taken together, these findings support the need for continued research efforts to understand the mechanisms mediating the development of gastric cancer and unveil new strategies to eradicate this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiangming Che
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Xi'an Health School, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shicai He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zongliang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ke Pang
- Shaanxi Friendship Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Yun M, Bai HY, Zhang JX, Rong J, Weng HW, Zheng ZS, Xu Y, Tong ZT, Huang XX, Liao YJ, Mai SJ, Ye S, Xie D. ULK1: a promising biomarker in predicting poor prognosis and therapeutic response in human nasopharygeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117375. [PMID: 25714809 PMCID: PMC4340914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plenty of studies have established that dysregulation of autophagy plays an essential role in cancer progression. The autophagy-related proteins have been reported to be closely associated with human cancer patients’ prognosis. We explored the expression dynamics and prognostic value of autophagy-related protein ULK1 by immunochemistry (IHC) method in two independent cohorts of nasopharygeal carcinoma (NPC) cases. The X-tile program was applied to determine the optimal cut-off value in the training cohort. This derived cutoff value was then subjected to analysis the association of ULK1 expression with patients’ clinical characteristics and survival outcome in the validation cohort and overall cases. High ULK1 expression was closely associated with aggressive clinical feature of NPC patients. Furthermore, high expression of ULK1 was observed more frequently in therapeutic resistant group than that in therapeutic effective group. Our univariate and multivariate analysis also showed that higher ULK1 expression predicted inferior disease-specific survival (DSS) (P<0.05). Consequently, a new clinicopathologic prognostic model with 3 poor prognostic factors (ie, ULK1 expression, overall clinical stage and therapeutic response) could significantly stratify risk (low, intermediate and high) for DSS in NPC patients (P<0.001). These findings provide evidence that, the examination of ULK1 expression by IHC method, could serve as an effective additional tool for predicting therapeutic response and patients’ survival outcome in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yun
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia-Xing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of extracorporeal circulation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui-Wen Weng
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhou-San Zheng
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhu-Ting Tong
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xia Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-Ji Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shi-Juan Mai
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (DX); (SY)
| | - Dan Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (DX); (SY)
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Chen GY, Chen CL, Tuan HY, Yuan PX, Li KC, Yang HJ, Hu YC. Graphene oxide triggers toll-like receptors/autophagy responses in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1486-95. [PMID: 24652749 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial with burgeoning bioapplications, while autophagy is implicated in cancer therapy. Although induction of autophagy by nanomaterials is reported, the underlying signaling mechanism in cancer cells and how this implicates the potential of GO in cancer therapy remain obscure. Here, it is shown that GO itself can induce the toll-like receptors (TLRs) responses and autophagy in cancer cells and confer antitumor effects in mice. GO can be phagocytosed by CT26 colon cancer cells, simultaneously triggering autophagy as well as TLR-4 and TLR-9 signaling cascades. By dissecting the crosstalk between the TLRs and autophagy pathways, it is uncovered that the GO-activated autophagy is regulated through the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)- and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-associated TLR-4/9 signaling pathways. Injection of GO alone into immunocompetent mice bearing the CT26 colon tumors not only suppresses the tumor progression but also enhances cell death, autophagy, and immune responses within the tumor bed. These data altogether implicate the potential of GO as an effective nanomaterial for autophagy induction and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - Chiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - Hsing-Yu Tuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - Pei-Xiang Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - Kuei-Chang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - Hong-Jie Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 300
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 300
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Xu J, Yue CF, Zhou WH, Qian YM, Zhang Y, Wang SW, Liu AW, Liu Q. Aurora-A contributes to cisplatin resistance and lymphatic metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer and predicts poor prognosis. J Transl Med 2014; 12:200. [PMID: 25082261 PMCID: PMC4237886 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum-based chemotherapy improves survival among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the efficiency is limited due to resistance. In this study, we aimed to identify the expression of Aurora-A and its correlation with cisplatin resistance and prognosis in NSCLC. Methods We used immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of Aurora-A protein in 102 NSCLC patients treated by surgery and adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The prognostic significances were assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox models. The potential role of Aurora-A in the regulation of cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells was examined by transfections using expression vector and small interfering RNA or using small-molecule inhibitors. Results Aurora-A expression was significantly associated with clinical stage (p = 0.018), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.038) and recurrence (p = 0.005), and was an independent prognostic parameter in multivariate analysis. High level of Aurora-A expression predicted poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In vitro data showed that Aurora-A expression was elevated in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells, and overexpression or knockdown of Aurora-A resulted in increased or decreased cellular resistance to cisplatin. Furthermore, inhibition of Aurora-A reversed the migration ability of cisplatin-resistant cells. Conclusions The current findings suggest that high Aurora-A expression is correlated with cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic resistance and predicts poor patient survival in NSCLC. Aurora-A might serve as a predictive biomarker of drug response and therapeutic target to reverse chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shao-wu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Zhang L, Sung JJY, Yu J, Ng SC, Wong SH, Cho CH, Ng SSM, Chan FKL, Wu WKK. Xenophagy in Helicobacter pylori- and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gastric cancer. J Pathol 2014; 233:103-12. [PMID: 24633785 DOI: 10.1002/path.4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) account for roughly 80% and 10%, respectively, of gastric carcinomas worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and intricately regulated cellular process that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles into double-membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes for degradation of the engulfed content. Emerging evidence indicates that xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori- and EBV-induced gastric cancer. Xenophagy specifically recognizes intracellular H. pylori and EBV and physically targets these pathogens to the autophagosomal-lysosomal pathway for degradation. In this connection, H. pylori or EBV-induced dysregulation of autophagy may be causally linked to gastric tumourigenesis and therefore can be exploited as therapeutic targets. This review will discuss how H. pylori and EBV infection activate autophagy and how these pathogens evade recognition and degradation by the autophagic pathway. Elucidating the molecular aspects of H. pylori- and EBV-induced autophagy will help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of autophagy modulators as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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57
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He Y, Zhao X, Subahan NR, Fan L, Gao J, Chen H. The prognostic value of autophagy-related markers beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7317-26. [PMID: 24838948 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of the autophagy-related markers beclin-1 (BECN1) and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) as prognostic markers has been extensively investigated in various kinds of cancers. However, their prognostic roles are still controversial and not firmly validated. We systematically reviewed the evidence from various studies concerning the relationship between BECN1 and LC3B expression in cancers and overall survival (OS)/disease-free survival (DFS) to elucidate this issue. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched in July 2013 (then updated in April 2014) to identify eligible cohort studies that reported associations between BECN1 or LC3B expression and OS/DFS in cancer patients. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were pooled using fixed-effects or random-effects models according to heterogeneity in different groups. A total of 23 studies in distinct cancers were eligible for systematic review and meta-analysis. Our pooled results identified that a high expression of BECN1 is associated with favorable OS in gastric cancer (HR = 0.49, 95 % CI = 0.34-0.72) and lymphoma (HR = 0.25, 95 % CI = 0.11-0.57), whereas a high expression of LC3B predicts adverse OS in breast cancer (HR = 1.98, 95 % CI = 1.25-3.13). This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that the autophagy-related marker BECN1 might be a predictive factor of favorable prognosis in gastric cancer, breast cancer, and lymphoma and LC3B might predict unfavorable prognosis of breast cancer. Nevertheless, due to the limited number and retrospective design of the original studies, more powerful prospective cohorts are required to verify these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu He
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
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58
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Tong Y, You L, Liu H, Li L, Meng H, Qian Q, Qian W. Potent antitumor activity of oncolytic adenovirus expressing Beclin-1 via induction of autophagic cell death in leukemia. Oncotarget 2014; 4:860-74. [PMID: 23765161 PMCID: PMC3757243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An attractive strategy among adenovirus-based oncolytic systems is to design adenoviral vectors to express pro-apoptotic genes, in which this gene-virotherapy approach significantly enhances tumor cell death by activating apoptotic pathways. However, the existence of cancer cells with apoptotic defects is one of the major obstacles in gene-virotherapy. Here, we investigated whether a strategy that combines the oncolytic effects of an adenoviral vector with simultaneous expression of Beclin-1, an autophagy gene, offers a therapeutic advantage for leukemia. A Beclin-1 cDNA was cloned in an oncolytic adenovirus with chimeric Ad5/11 fiber (SG511-BECN). SG511-BECN treatment induced significant autophagic cell death, and resulted in enhanced cell killing in a variety of leukemic cell lines and primary leukemic blasts. SG511-BECN effects were seen in chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia with resistance to imatinib or chemotherapy, but exhibited much less cytotoxicity on normal cells. The SG511-BECN-induced autophagic cell death could be partially reversed by RNA interference knockdown of UVRAG, ATG5, and ATG7. We also showed that SG511-BECN strongly inhibited the growth of leukemic progenitors in vitro. In murine leukemia models, SG511-BECN prolonged the survival and decreased the xenograft tumor size by inducing autophagic cell death. Our results suggest that infection of leukemia cells with an oncolytic adenovirus overexpressing Beclin-1 can induce significant autophagic cell death and provide a new strategy for the elimination of leukemic cells via a unique mechanism of action distinct from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tong
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
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59
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Abstract
The BECN1 gene encodes the Beclin-1 protein, which is a well-established regulator of the autophagic pathway. It is a mammalian orthologue of the ATG6 gene in yeast and was one of the first identified mammalian autophagy-associated genes. Beclin-1 interacts with a number of binding partners in the cell which can lead to either activation (eg, via PI3KC3/Vps34, Ambra 1, UV radiation resistance-associated gene) or inhibition (eg, via Bcl-2, Rubicon) of the autophagic pathway. Apart from its role as a regulator of autophagy, it is also shown to effect important biological processes in the cell such as apoptosis and embryogenesis. Beclin-1 has also been implicated to play a critical role in the pathology of a variety of disease states including cancer, neurological disorders (eg, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease) and viral infections. Thus, understanding the functions of Beclin-1 and its interactions with other cellular components will aid in its development as an important therapeutic target for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angelica M Merlot
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sukriti Krishan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Beclin 1 deficiency correlated with lymph node metastasis, predicts a distinct outcome in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80317. [PMID: 24303007 PMCID: PMC3841169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can be tumor suppressive as well as promotive in regulation of tumorigenesis and disease progression. Accordingly, the prognostic significance of autophagy key regulator Beclin 1 was varied among different tumors. Here, we detected the clinicopathological and prognostic effect of Beclin 1 in the subtypes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). Beclin 1 expression level was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in 106 ICC and 74 ECC patients. We found that Beclin 1 was lowly expressed in 126 (70%) cholangiocarcinoma patients, consist of 72 ICC and 54 ECC. Moreover, the cholangiocarcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis (N1) had a lower Beclin 1 level than that of N0 subgroup (P=0.012). However, we did not detect any correlations between Beclin 1 and other clinicopathological features, including tumor subtypes, vascular invasion, HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, cholecystolithiasis and TNM stage. Survival analysis showed that, compared with the high expression subset, Beclin 1 low expression was correlated with a poorer 3-year progression-free survival (PFS, 69.1% VS 46.8%, P=041) for cholangiocarcinoma. Importantly, our stratified univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that Beclin 1 lowly expressed ICC had an inferior PFS as well as overall survival than ECC, particularly than that of Beclin 1 highly expressed ECC patients. Thus, our study demonstrated that Beclin 1low expression, correlated with lymph node metastasis, and might be a negative prognostic biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. Combined Beclin 1 level with the anatomical location might lead to refined prognosis for the subtypes of ICC and ECC.
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Zhou W, Yue C, Deng J, Hu R, Xu J, Feng L, Lan Q, Zhang W, Ji D, Wu J, Liu Q, Liu A. Autophagic protein Beclin 1 serves as an independent positive prognostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80338. [PMID: 24260370 PMCID: PMC3829868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin 1, a key regulator of autophagy, has been found to be aberrantly expressed in a variety of human malignancies. Herein, we employed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the protein expression of Beclin 1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and paired normal adjacent lung tissues, and analyzed its clinicopathological/prognostic significance in NSCLC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to determine a cutoff point (>2 VS. ≤2) for Beclin 1 expression in a training set (n = 105). For validation, the ROC-derived cutoff value was subjected to analysis of the association of Beclin 1 with patients’ clinical characteristics and outcome in a testing set (n = 111) and the overall patient cohort (n = 216). Our data showed that Beclin 1 was significantly lower in NSCLC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues, negatively associating with tumor recurrence rate (65.8% VS 32.3%; p < 0.001). In the testing set and the overall patient cohort, low expression of Beclin 1 showed significantly inferior overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.001) compared to high expression of Beclin 1. In the testing set and the overall patient cohort, the median duration of OS for patients with high and low expression of Beclin 1 was 108 VS. 24.5 months (p < 0.001) and 108 VS. 28 months (p < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, low expression of Beclin 1 was also a poor prognostic factor within each stage of NSCLC patients. Multivariate analysis identified that Beclin 1 was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC. Our findings in the present study provided evidence that Beclin 1 may thus emerge as an independent prognostic biomarker in this tumor entity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caifeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyun Deng
- Department of the Sixth Internal Medicine, Jiangxi Province Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Ronghuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiongyu Lan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dexiang Ji
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (AWL); (QTL)
| | - Anwen Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- * E-mail: (AWL); (QTL)
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Xia P, Wang JJ, Zhao BB, Song CL. The role of beclin-1 expression in patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3303-7. [PMID: 23943370 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin-1 has been identified as a reliable biomarker in monitoring the prognosis for tumors. We carried out a meta-analysis focusing on the relationship between beclin-1 and the clinical characteristics of patients with gastric cancer. We identified articles in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases by using the following strategy: ("beclin 1" or "beclin-1" or "ATG6") and ("gastric cancer" or "stomach cancer"). We conducted a final analysis of 1,254 patients from seven studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) indicated a significant association between beclin-1 expression and the differentiation of gastric cancer (pooled OR = 0.23; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.07-0.73) or tumor-node-metastasis staging of gastric cancer (pooled OR = 0.62; 95 % CI = 0.48-0.79). Beclin-1 expression was different in intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer (pooled OR = 0.55; 95 % CI = 0.39-0.77). No association between beclin-1 and tumor size (pooled OR = 0.73; 95 % CI = 0.45-1.17) or lymph node metastasis (pooled OR = 0.59; 95 % CI = 0.17-1.99) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China,
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Beclin 1 and its emerging role as a prognostic biomarker in systemic malignancies besides bladder carcinomas. Int J Biol Markers 2013; 28:113. [PMID: 23558941 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2013.10558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xu J, Wu X, Zhou WH, Liu AW, Wu JB, Deng JY, Yue CF, Yang SB, Wang J, Yuan ZY, Liu Q. Aurora-A identifies early recurrence and poor prognosis and promises a potential therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56919. [PMID: 23437271 PMCID: PMC3577665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) acquires an unfavorable prognosis, emerging as a major challenge for the treatment of breast cancer. In the present study, 122 TNBC patients were subjected to analysis of Aurora-A (Aur-A) expression and survival prognosis. We found that Aur-A high expression was positively associated with initial clinical stage (P = 0.025), the proliferation marker Ki-67 (P = 0.001), and the recurrence rate of TNBC patients (P<0.001). In TNBC patients with Aur-A high expression, the risk of distant recurrence peaked at the first 3 years and declined rapidly thereafter, whereas patients with Aur-A low expression showed a relatively constant risk of recurrence during the entire follow-up period. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that overexpression of Aur-A predicted poor overall survival (P = 0.002) and progression-free survival (P = 0.012) in TNBC. Furthermore, overexpression of Aur-A, associated with high Ki-67, predicted an inferior prognosis compared with low expression of both Aur-A and Ki-67. Importantly, we further found that Aur-A was overexpressed in TNBC cells, and inhibition of this kinase inhibited cell proliferation and prevented cell migration in TNBC. Our findings demonstrated that Aur-A was a potential therapeutic target for TNBC and inhibition of Aur-A kinase was a promising regimen for TNBC cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - An-wen Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-bing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin-yun Deng
- Department of the Third Internal Medicine, Jiangxi Province Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Cai-feng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-bing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-yu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (ZYY)
| | - Quentin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (ZYY)
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Chen Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Yi H, Wu C, Wang J, Liu Y, Tan J, Wen J. Downregulation of Beclin 1 and impairment of autophagy in a small population of colorectal cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2887-94. [PMID: 23812859 PMCID: PMC3781302 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism for degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins and damaged organelle to maintain cell homeostasis. Deregulation of autophagy has been associated with tumorigenesis. Beclin 1 is an essential autophagy protein and its upregulation has been observed in most colorectal cancer tissues. However, there is a small population of colorectal cancers with downregulation of Beclin 1. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the role autophagy plays in colorectal cancers with downregulation of Beclin 1. METHODS LC3 protein, an autophagosome marker, was assessed by ICH and WB in colorectal cancers tissues. An anti-tumor effect of Beclin 1 was examined by introducing exogenous Beclin 1 in vitro. Colony formation assay, growth curves and mouse xenograft were analysed. RESULTS Our results showed that LC3 was suppressed in the colorectal cancers (9.86 %) with downregulation of Beclin 1. Moreover, overexpression of Beclin 1 inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth and enhanced the rapamycin-induced antitumor effect in vitro. CONCLUSION Downregulation of Beclin 1 and autophagy inhibition play an important role in a part of colorectal cancers. Activating autophagy or overexpression of Beclin 1 may be an effective treatment for some colorectal cancers. Detection of expression profile of Beclin 1 in colorectal cancers could be a strategy for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, 410013 China
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, 410005 China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, 410005 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Function Laboratory Centre, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Hongmei Yi
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, 410005 China
| | - Chang Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Yuwu Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- State Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Jifang Wen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, 410013 China
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66
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Wu XY, Chen J, Cao QH, Dong M, Lin Q, Fan XJ, Xia Q, Chen ZH, Liu Q, Wan XB. Beclin 1 activation enhances chemosensitivity and predicts a favorable outcome for primary duodenal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:713-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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67
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Ma LJ, Lin YG. Clinical significance of expression of S100A11 and Beclin1 in gastric carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3266-3271. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i33.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinical significance of expression of S100A11 and Beclin1 in gastric carcinoma.
METHODS: The expression of S100A11 and Beclin1 proteins were determined using the streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method in 50 cases of gastric carcinoma, 30 cases of precancerous lesions, and 20 cases of chronic non-atrophic gastritis.
RESULTS: The expression level of S100A11 was significantly lower in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions than in chronic non-atrophic gastritis (132.9209 ± 5.6490, 133.6706 ± 5.8348 vs 138.0480 ± 3.5902, both P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Expression of S100A11 was significantly correlated with tumor grade, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (all P < 0.05), but not with tumor position or size. The expression level of Beclin1 was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma (140.9705 ± 6.2019) than in precancerous lesions (136.7110 ± 5.5759) and chronic non-atrophic gastritis (130.8024 ± 2.5363), and in precancerous lesions than in chronic non-atrophic gastritis (all P < 0.05). Expression of Beclin1 was significantly correlated with tumor grade and lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.05), but not with tumor location, size, infiltration depth, or TNM stage. There is a negative correlation between expression of S100A11 and that of Beclin1 in gastric carcinoma (r = -0.156, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: S100A11 is lowly and Beclin1 is highly expressed in gastric carcinoma. The expression of S100A11 and Beclin1 is closely related with the biological behavior of gastric carcinoma. There is a negative correlation between expression of S100A11 and that of Beclin1 in gastric carcinoma, indicating that the unbalance of S100A11 and Beclin1 expression is a possible molecular biological mechanism behind the development of gastric carcinoma.
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