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Medunjanin S, Schleithoff L, Fiegehenn C, Weinert S, Zuschratter W, Braun-Dullaeus RC. GSK-3β controls NF-kappaB activity via IKKγ/NEMO. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38553. [PMID: 27929056 PMCID: PMC5144080 DOI: 10.1038/srep38553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB signaling pathway is central for the innate immune response and its deregulation is found in multiple disorders such as autoimmune, chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases. IKKγ/NEMO is essential for NF-κB activation and NEMO dysfunction in humans has been linked to so-called progeria syndromes, which are characterized by advanced ageing due to age-dependent inflammatory diseases. It has been suggested that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) participates in NF-κB regulation but the exact mechanism remained incompletely understood. In this study, we identified NEMO as a GSK-3β substrate that is phosphorylated at serine 8, 17, 31 and 43 located within its N-terminal domain. The kinase forms a complex with wild-type NEMO while point mutations of NEMO at the specific serines abrogated GSK-3β binding and subsequent phosphorylation of NEMO resulting in its destabilization. However, K63-linked polyubiquitination was augmented in mutated NEMO explaining an increased binding to IKKα and IKKβ. Even IκBα was found degraded. Still, TNFα-stimulated NF-κB activation was impaired pointing towards an un-controlled signalling process. Our data suggest that GSK-3β is critically important for ordered NF-κB signalling through modulation of NEMO phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senad Medunjanin
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, Magdeburg University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schleithoff
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, Magdeburg University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Fiegehenn
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, Magdeburg University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Soenke Weinert
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, Magdeburg University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Ho J, Yu J, Wong SH, Zhang L, Liu X, Wong WT, Leung CCH, Choi G, Wang MHT, Gin T, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. Autophagy in sepsis: Degradation into exhaustion? Autophagy 2016; 12:1073-82. [PMID: 27172163 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1179410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the innate immune defense mechanisms against microbial challenges. Previous in vitro and in vivo models of sepsis demonstrated that autophagy was activated initially in sepsis, followed by a subsequent phase of impairment. Autophagy modulation appears to be protective against multiple organ injuries in these murine sepsis models. This is achieved in part by preventing apoptosis, maintaining a balance between the productions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and preserving mitochondrial functions. This article aims to discuss the role of autophagy in sepsis and the therapeutic potential of autophagy enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Ho
- a Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Jun Yu
- b State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Sunny H Wong
- b State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- c School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- a Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Wai T Wong
- a Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Czarina C H Leung
- a Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Gordon Choi
- a Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Maggie H T Wang
- d The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Tony Gin
- a Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- a Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - William K K Wu
- a Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
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Netea-Maier RT, Plantinga TS, van de Veerdonk FL, Smit JW, Netea MG. Modulation of inflammation by autophagy: Consequences for human disease. Autophagy 2015. [PMID: 26222012 PMCID: PMC4836004 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and inflammation are 2 fundamental biological processes involved in both physiological and pathological conditions. Through its crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, autophagy is involved in modulation of cell metabolism, cell survival, and host defense. Defective autophagy is associated with pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative disease, and senescence. Inflammation represents a crucial line of defense against microorganisms and other pathogens, and there is increasing evidence that autophagy has important effects on the induction and modulation of the inflammatory reaction; understanding the balance between these 2 processes may point to important possibilities for therapeutic targeting. This review focuses on the crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation as an emerging field with major implications for understanding the host defense on the one hand, and for the pathogenesis and treatment of immune-mediated diseases on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana T Netea-Maier
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,b Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Theo S Plantinga
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Smit
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,b Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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Humphries F, Moynagh PN. Molecular and physiological roles of Pellino E3 ubiquitin ligases in immunity. Immunol Rev 2015; 266:93-108. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiachra Humphries
- Institute of Immunology; Department of Biology; National University of Ireland Maynooth; Maynooth Ireland
| | - Paul N. Moynagh
- Institute of Immunology; Department of Biology; National University of Ireland Maynooth; Maynooth Ireland
- Centre for Infection and Immunity; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; Northern Ireland UK
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