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Genetically Engineered-MSC Therapies for Non-unions, Delayed Unions and Critical-size Bone Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143430. [PMID: 31336890 PMCID: PMC6678255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal bone regeneration process is a complex and coordinated series of events involving different cell types and molecules. However, this process is impaired in critical-size/large bone defects, with non-unions or delayed unions remaining a major clinical problem. Novel strategies are needed to aid the current therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are able to promote bone regeneration. Their beneficial effects can be improved by modulating the expression levels of specific genes with the purpose of stimulating MSC proliferation, osteogenic differentiation or their immunomodulatory capacity. In this context, the genetic engineering of MSCs is expected to further enhance their pro-regenerative properties and accelerate bone healing. Herein, we review the most promising molecular candidates (protein-coding and non-coding transcripts) and discuss the different methodologies to engineer and deliver MSCs, mainly focusing on in vivo animal studies. Considering the potential of the MSC secretome for bone repair, this topic has also been addressed. Furthermore, the promising results of clinical studies using MSC for bone regeneration are discussed. Finally, we debate the advantages and limitations of using MSCs, or genetically-engineered MSCs, and their potential as promoters of bone fracture regeneration/repair.
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Luo C, Fang H, Zhou M, Li J, Zhang X, Liu S, Zhou C, Hou J, He H, Sun J, Wang Z. Biomimetic open porous structured core-shell microtissue with enhanced mechanical properties for bottom-up bone tissue engineering. Theranostics 2019; 9:4663-4677. [PMID: 31367248 PMCID: PMC6643438 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Microtissues constructed with hydrogels promote cell expansion and specific differentiation by mimicking the microarchitecture of native tissues. However, the suboptimal mechanical property and osteogenic activity of microtissues fabricated by natural polymers need further improvement for bone reconstruction application. Core-shell designed structures are composed of an inner core part and an outer part shell, combining the characteristics of different materials, which improve the mechanical property of microtissues. Methods: A micro-stencil array chip was used to fabricate an open porous core-shell micro-scaffold consisting of gelatin as shell and demineralized bone matrix particles modified with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) as core. Single gelatin micro-scaffold was fabricated as a control. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on the micro-scaffolds, after which they were dynamic cultured and osteo-induced in mini-capsule bioreactors to fabricate microtissues. The physical characteristics, biocompatibility, osteo-inducing and controlled release ability of the core-shell microtissue were evaluated in vitro respectively. Then microtissues were tested in vivo via ectopic implantation and orthotopic bone implantation in rat model. Results: The Young's modulus of core-shell micro-scaffold was nearly triple that of gelatin micro-scaffold, which means the core-shell micro-scaffolds have better mechanical property. BMSCs rapidly proliferated and retained the highest viability on core-shell microtissues. The improved osteogenic potential of core-shell microtissues was evidenced by the increased calcification based on von kossa staining and osteo-relative gene expression. At 3months after transplantation, core-shell microtissue group formed the highest number of mineralized tissues in rat ectopic subcutaneous model, and displayed the largest amount of new bony tissue deposition in rat orthotopic cranial defect. Conclusion: The novel core-shell microtissue construction strategy developed may become a promising cell delivery platform for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Fahimipour F, Dashtimoghadam E, Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi M, Vargas J, Vashaee D, Lobner DC, Jafarzadeh Kashi TS, Ghasemzadeh B, Tayebi L. Enhancing cell seeding and osteogenesis of MSCs on 3D printed scaffolds through injectable BMP2 immobilized ECM-Mimetic gel. Dent Mater 2019; 35:990-1006. [PMID: 31027908 PMCID: PMC7193177 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Design of bioactive scaffolds with osteogenic capacity is a central challenge in cell-based patient-specific bone tissue engineering. Efficient and spatially uniform seeding of (stem) cells onto such constructs is vital to attain functional tissues. Herein we developed heparin functionalized collagen gels supported by 3D printed bioceramic scaffolds, as bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic matrices. These matrices were designed to enhance cell seeding efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as improve their osteogenic differentiation through immobilized bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) to be used for personalized bone regeneration. METHODS A 3D gel based on heparin-conjugated collagen matrix capable of immobilizing recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) was synthesized. Isolated dental pulp Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were then encapsulated into the bone ECM microenvironment to efficiently and uniformly seed a bioactive ceramic-based scaffold fabricated using additive manufacturing technique. The designed 3D cell-laden constructs were comprehensively investigated trough in vitro assays and in vivo study. RESULTS In-depth rheological characterizations of heparin-conjugated collagen gel revealed that elasticity of the matrix is significantly improved compared with freely incorporated heparin. Investigation of the MSCs laden collagen-heparin hydrogels revealed their capability to provide spatiotemporal bioavailability of BMP2 while suppressing the matrix contraction over time. The in vivo histology and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that the designed construct supported the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and induced the ectopic bone formation in rat model. SIGNIFICANCE The presented hybrid constructs combine bone ECM chemical cues with mechanical function providing an ideal 3D microenvironment for patient-specific bone tissue engineering and cell therapy applications. The implemented methodology in design of ECM-mimetic 3D matrix capable of immobilizing BMP2 to improve seeding efficiency of customized scaffolds can be exploited for other bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Fahimipour
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prothodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica Vargas
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Daryoosh Vashaee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Douglas C Lobner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Tahereh S Jafarzadeh Kashi
- Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Integrative Neuroscience Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
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Haugen HJ, Lyngstadaas SP, Rossi F, Perale G. Bone grafts: which is the ideal biomaterial? J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:92-102. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials; Institute of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials; Institute of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Corticalis AS; Oslo Science Park Oslo Norway
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA; Mezzovico-Vira Switzerland
- Biomaterials Laboratory; Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology; University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland; Manno Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Orthopaedic Clinic-IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino; Genova Italy
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Süloğlu AK, Karacaoğlu E, Bilgic HA, Selmanoğlu G, Koçkaya EA, Karaaslan C. Osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on fibrin glue- or fibronectin-coated Ceraform®. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:375-385. [PMID: 31165664 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219853421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Kılıç Süloğlu
- 1 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Karacaoğlu
- 1 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Akel Bilgic
- 2 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güldeniz Selmanoğlu
- 1 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim A Koçkaya
- 3 The Higher Vocational School of Health Services, Gazi University, Gölbaşı Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Karaaslan
- 2 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
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Lin SY, Kang L, Chen JC, Wang CZ, Huang HH, Lee MJ, Cheng TL, Chang CF, Lin YS, Chen CH. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) enhances healing of femoral bone defect. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:165-171. [PMID: 30668426 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by increasing the mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes, alkaline phosphatase activity and eventually mineralization. We further found EGCG supplementation preserved bone mass and microarchitecture in female rats during estrogen deficiency in the proximal tibia and lumbar spine at least in part by increasing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). BMP2 can enhance de novo bone formation. PURPOSE In this study, we evaluate the effect of local EGCG application in de novo bone formation in bone defect healing. METHODS Twenty-four rats aged 4 months were weight-matched and randomly allocated to 2 groups: defect control with vehicle treatment (control) and defect with 10 µM EGCG treatment (EGCG). Daily vehicle and EGCG were applied locally by percutaneous local injection 2 days after defect creation for 2 weeks. Four weeks after treatment, animals were sacrificed for micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and biomechanical analysis. RESULTS Local EGCG at femoral defect can enhance de novo bone formation by increasing bone volume and subsequently improve mechanical properties including max load, break point, stiffness, area under the max load curve, area under the break point curve and ultimate stress. CONCLUSIONS Local EGCG may enhance bone defect healing via at least partly by the de novo bone formation of BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yen Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Chih Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60054, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan; Innovative Research Center of Medicine, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fen Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Houschyar KS, Tapking C, Borrelli MR, Popp D, Duscher D, Maan ZN, Chelliah MP, Li J, Harati K, Wallner C, Rein S, Pförringer D, Reumuth G, Grieb G, Mouraret S, Dadras M, Wagner JM, Cha JY, Siemers F, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. Wnt Pathway in Bone Repair and Regeneration - What Do We Know So Far. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 6:170. [PMID: 30666305 PMCID: PMC6330281 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a central regulatory role across a remarkably diverse range of functions during embryonic development, including those involved in the formation of bone and cartilage. Wnt signaling continues to play a critical role in adult osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Disruptions in this highly-conserved and complex system leads to various pathological conditions, including impaired bone healing, autoimmune diseases and malignant degeneration. For reconstructive surgeons, critically sized skeletal defects represent a major challenge. These are frequently associated with significant morbidity in both the recipient and donor sites. The Wnt pathway is an attractive therapeutic target with the potential to directly modulate stem cells responsible for skeletal tissue regeneration and promote bone growth, suggesting that Wnt factors could be used to promote bone healing after trauma. This review summarizes our current understanding of the essential role of the Wnt pathway in bone regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow S Houschyar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Tapking
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children-Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mimi R Borrelli
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Popp
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children-Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Division of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Malcolm P Chelliah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jingtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kamran Harati
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanne Rein
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery-Burn Center-Clinic St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Pförringer
- Clinic and Policlinic of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Reumuth
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Gerrit Grieb
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhoehe, Teaching Hospital of the Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvain Mouraret
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 7 - Denis, Diderot University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France
| | - Mehran Dadras
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes M Wagner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jungul Y Cha
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Frank Siemers
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Graceffa V, Vinatier C, Guicheux J, Stoddart M, Alini M, Zeugolis DI. Chasing Chimeras - The elusive stable chondrogenic phenotype. Biomaterials 2018; 192:199-225. [PMID: 30453216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The choice of the best-suited cell population for the regeneration of damaged or diseased cartilage depends on the effectiveness of culture conditions (e.g. media supplements, three-dimensional scaffolds, mechanical stimulation, oxygen tension, co-culture systems) to induce stable chondrogenic phenotype. Herein, advances and shortfalls in in vitro, preclinical and clinical setting of various in vitro microenvironment modulators on maintaining chondrocyte phenotype or directing stem cells towards chondrogenic lineage are critically discussed. Chondrocytes possess low isolation efficiency, limited proliferative potential and rapid phenotypic drift in culture. Mesenchymal stem cells are relatively readily available, possess high proliferation potential, exhibit great chondrogenic differentiation capacity, but they tend to acquire a hypertrophic phenotype when exposed to chondrogenic stimuli. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, despite their promising in vitro and preclinical data, are still under-investigated. Although a stable chondrogenic phenotype remains elusive, recent advances in in vitro microenvironment modulators are likely to develop clinically- and commercially-relevant therapies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Vinatier
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- INSERMU1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie & CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Martin Stoddart
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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Young M, Moshood O, Zhang J, Sarbacher CA, Mueller POE, Halper J. Does BMP2 play a role in the pathogenesis of equine degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis? BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:672. [PMID: 30227887 PMCID: PMC6145121 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Horses afflicted with degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (DSLD) suffer from progressive leg pain and lameness without history of trauma. DSLD is a systemic disorder caused by abnormal accumulation of proteoglycans in many connective tissues. One proteoglycan found in higher quantities in DSLD is decorin. The accumulated decorin has an abnormally glycosylated glycosaminoglycan chain in DSLD. In addition to acellular accumulations of proteoglycans foci of active fibroblasts/tenoblasts were observed in some tendons and suspensory ligaments (SLs) from DSLD cases We have hypothesized that this represents an early event in DSLD and that production of chondrogenic growth factors, such as BMP2, and/or enzyme participating in glycosylation of glycosaminoglycans is a major factor in initiation and progression of DSLD. Results Using immunohistochemistry we have identified BMP2 in these cellular foci, indicating association with proteoglycan production, but not in other cells in the tendon and SLs. In contrast, very little staining for TGFβ and dermatan sulfate epimerase, an enzyme involved in glycosylation of glycosaminoglycan chains, was observed in these foci and other cells in both control and DSLD-affected tendons and SLs. Our data support our hypothesis that chondrogenic growth factors may be responsible, at least in part for progression of DSLD in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Young
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Olaniyi Moshood
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Carolyn A Sarbacher
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - P O Eric Mueller
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jaroslava Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Gaur D, Yogalakshmi Y, Kulanthaivel S, Agarwal T, Mukherjee D, Prince A, Tiwari A, Maiti TK, Pal K, Giri S, Saleem M, Banerjee I. Osteoblast-Derived Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles Induce Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjali Gaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Odisha 769008 India
| | - Yamini Yogalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Odisha 769008 India
| | - Senthilguru Kulanthaivel
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Odisha 769008 India
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Devdeep Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Ashutosh Prince
- Department of Life Science; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Odisha 769008 India
| | - Anuj Tiwari
- Department of Life Science; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Odisha 769008 India
| | - Tapas K. Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Odisha 769008 India
| | - Supratim Giri
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Odisha 769008 India
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- Department of Life Science; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Odisha 769008 India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Odisha 769008 India
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Pellatt AJ, Mullany LE, Herrick JS, Sakoda LC, Wolff RK, Samowitz WS, Slattery ML. The TGFβ-signaling pathway and colorectal cancer: associations between dysregulated genes and miRNAs. J Transl Med 2018; 16:191. [PMID: 29986714 PMCID: PMC6038278 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The TGFβ-signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Loss of function of several genes within this pathway, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been seen as key events in CRC progression. Methods In this study we comprehensively evaluate differential gene expression (RNASeq) of 81 genes in the TGFβ-signaling pathway and evaluate how dysregulated genes are associated with miRNA expression (Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0). We utilize paired carcinoma and normal tissue from 217 CRC cases. We evaluate the associations between differentially expressed genes and miRNAs and sex, age, disease stage, and survival months. Results Thirteen genes were significantly downregulated and 14 were significantly upregulated after considering fold change (FC) of > 1.50 or < 0.67 and multiple comparison adjustment. Bone morphogenetic protein genes BMP5, BMP6, and BMP2 and growth differentiation factor GDF7 were downregulated. BMP4, BMP7, INHBA (Inhibin beta A), TGFBR1, TGFB2, TGIF1, TGIF2, and TFDP1 were upregulated. In general, genes with the greatest dysregulation, such as BMP5 (FC 0.17, BMP6 (FC 0.25), BMP2 (FC 0.32), CDKN2B (FC 0.32), MYC (FC 3.70), BMP7 (FC 4.17), and INHBA (FC 9.34) showed dysregulation in the majority of the population (84.3, 77.4, 81.1, 80.2, 82.0, 51.2, and 75.1% respectively). Four genes, TGFBR2, ID4, ID1, and PITX2, were un-associated or slightly upregulated in microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors while downregulated in microsatellite-unstable (MSI) tumors. Eight dysregulated genes were associated with miRNA differential expression. E2F5 and THBS1 were associated with one or two miRNAs; RBL1, TGFBR1, TGIF2, and INHBA were associated with seven or more miRNAs with multiple seed-region matches. Evaluation of the joint effects of mRNA:miRNA identified interactions that were stronger in more advanced disease stages and varied by survival months. Conclusion These data support an interaction between miRNAs and genes in the TGFβ-signaling pathway in association with CRC risk. These interactions are associated with unique clinical characteristics that may provide targets for further investigations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1566-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lila E Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Jennifer S Herrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Wade S Samowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
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Making Them Commit: Strategies to Influence Phenotypic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2018; 26:64-69. [DOI: 10.1097/jsa.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Labusca L, Herea DD, Mashayekhi K. Stem cells as delivery vehicles for regenerative medicine-challenges and perspectives. World J Stem Cells 2018. [PMID: 29849930 DOI: : 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i5.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells as carriers for therapeutic agents is an appealing modality for targeting tissues or organs of interest. Combined delivery of cells together with various information molecules as therapeutic agents has the potential to enhance, modulate or even initiate local or systemic repair processes, increasing stem cell efficiency for regenerative medicine applications. Stem-cell-mediated delivery of genes, proteins or small molecules takes advantage of the innate capability of stem cells to migrate and home to injury sites. As the native migratory properties are affected by in vitro expansion, the existent methods for enhancing stem cell targeting capabilities (modified culture methods, genetic modification, cell surface engineering) are described. The role of various nanoparticles in equipping stem cells with therapeutic small molecules is revised together with their class-specific advantages and shortcomings. Modalities to circumvent common challenges when designing a stem-cell-mediated targeted delivery system are described as well as future prospects in using this approach for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Saint Spiridon Iasi Romania, Iasi 700000, Romania
| | - Dumitru Daniel Herea
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics (NIRDTP), Iasi 700349, Romania
| | - Kaveh Mashayekhi
- Systems Bioinformatics and Modelling SBIM, Frankfurt 45367, Germany
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Labusca L, Herea DD, Mashayekhi K. Stem cells as delivery vehicles for regenerative medicine-challenges and perspectives. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:43-56. [PMID: 29849930 PMCID: PMC5973910 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i5.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells as carriers for therapeutic agents is an appealing modality for targeting tissues or organs of interest. Combined delivery of cells together with various information molecules as therapeutic agents has the potential to enhance, modulate or even initiate local or systemic repair processes, increasing stem cell efficiency for regenerative medicine applications. Stem-cell-mediated delivery of genes, proteins or small molecules takes advantage of the innate capability of stem cells to migrate and home to injury sites. As the native migratory properties are affected by in vitro expansion, the existent methods for enhancing stem cell targeting capabilities (modified culture methods, genetic modification, cell surface engineering) are described. The role of various nanoparticles in equipping stem cells with therapeutic small molecules is revised together with their class-specific advantages and shortcomings. Modalities to circumvent common challenges when designing a stem-cell-mediated targeted delivery system are described as well as future prospects in using this approach for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Saint Spiridon Iasi Romania, Iasi 700000, Romania
| | - Dumitru Daniel Herea
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics (NIRDTP), Iasi 700349, Romania
| | - Kaveh Mashayekhi
- Systems Bioinformatics and Modelling SBIM, Frankfurt 45367, Germany
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Effects of Qi-Fang-Xi-Bi-Granules on Cartilage Morphology and C/ebp α Promoter Methylation in Rats with Knee Osteoarthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2074976. [PMID: 29670657 PMCID: PMC5833195 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2074976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of Qi-Fang-Xi-Bi-Granules (QFXBGs) on cartilage morphology and methylation of C/ebpα (CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinα) at the promoter region. Methods Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) modeling was performed in rats in accordance with Hulth's method, and control group received sham operation. Eight weeks after KOA modeling, the rats in the KOA modeling group were further divided into 6 groups. Each group was given the appropriate drug. After 8 weeks, half of the rats were used for Micro-CT scan, HE staining, ABH/OG staining, immunohistochemistry, and TUNNEL staining of the knee joint tissue, and the other half were used to examine C/ebpα promoter methylation. Results The three dose groups of QFXBGs all showed lower degrees of surface fissures and flaking, thicker cartilage layer, and restored chondrocyte and subchondral bone morphology, compared with the KOA model group. C/ebpα-22 promoter methylation levels in the high- and low-dose groups were significantly higher than that in the KOA modeling group (p < 0.05), while C/ebpα-2 promoter methylation level in the medium-dose group was significantly higher than that in the KOA modeling group (p < 0.05). Conclusions QFXBGs may alleviate articular cartilage degeneration through promoting C/ebpα-2 or C/ebpα-22 methylation at specific promoter sites.
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The GDF5 mutant BB-1 enhances the bone formation induced by an injectable, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia. Spine J 2018; 18:357-369. [PMID: 29031993 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Targeted delivery of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic proteins (eg, GDF5) in bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement (CPC), potentially suitable for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, may be required to counteract augmented local bone catabolism and to support complete bone regeneration. The biologically optimized GDF5 mutant BB-1 may represent an attractive drug candidate for this purpose. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to test an injectable, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming CPC containing low-dose BB-1 in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS Bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were generated in aged, osteopenic female sheep and were filled with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages of BB-1 (L5; CPC+fibers+BB-1; 5, 100, and 500 µg BB-1; n=6 each). The results were compared with those of untouched controls (L1). Three and 9 months after the operation, structural and functional effects of the CPC (±BB-1) were analyzed ex vivo by measuring (1) bone mineral density (BMD); (2) bone structure, that is, bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) (assessed by micro-CT and histomorphometry), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular number (Tb.N); (3) bone formation, that is, osteoid volume/bone volume (OV/BV), osteoid surface/bone surface (OS/BS), osteoid thickness, mineralizing surface/bone surface (MS/BS), mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/bone surface; (4) bone resorption, that is, eroded surface/bone surface; and (5) compressive strength. RESULTS Compared with untouched controls (L1), CPC+fibers (L4) and/or CPC+fibers+BB-1 (L5) significantly improved all parameters of bone formation, bone resorption, and bone structure. These effects were observed at 3 and 9 months, but were less pronounced for some parameters at 9 months. Compared with CPC without BB-1, additional significant effects of BB-1 were demonstrated for BMD, bone structure (BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N), and bone formation (OS/BS and MS/BS). The BB-1 effects on bone formation at 3 and 9 months were dose dependent, with 100 µg as the potentially optimal dosage. CONCLUSIONS BB-1 significantly enhanced the bone formation induced by a PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC in sheep lumbar osteopenia. A single local dose as low as 100 µg BB-1 was sufficient to augment middle- to long-term bone formation. A CPC containing the novel GDF5 mutant BB-1 may thus represent an alternative to the bioinert, supraphysiologically stiff polymethylmethacrylate cement presently used to treat osteoporotic vertebral fractures by vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.
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Chen M, Guo W, Gao S, Hao C, Shen S, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wang Z, Li X, Jing X, Zhang X, Yuan Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Peng J, Wang A, Wang Y, Sui X, Liu S, Guo Q. Biochemical Stimulus-Based Strategies for Meniscus Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8472309. [PMID: 29581987 PMCID: PMC5822894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8472309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus injuries are very common and still pose a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. Meniscus injuries in the inner two-thirds of the meniscus remain incurable. Tissue-engineered meniscus strategies seem to offer a new approach for treating meniscus injuries with a combination of seed cells, scaffolds, and biochemical or biomechanical stimulation. Cell- or scaffold-based strategies play a pivotal role in meniscus regeneration. Similarly, biochemical and biomechanical stimulation are also important. Seed cells and scaffolds can be used to construct a tissue-engineered tissue; however, stimulation to enhance tissue maturation and remodeling is still needed. Such stimulation can be biomechanical or biochemical, but this review focuses only on biochemical stimulation. Growth factors (GFs) are one of the most important forms of biochemical stimulation. Frequently used GFs always play a critical role in normal limb development and growth. Further understanding of the functional mechanism of GFs will help scientists to design the best therapy strategies. In this review, we summarize some of the most important GFs in tissue-engineered menisci, as well as other types of biological stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shunag Gao
- Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunxiang Hao
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shi Shen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zengzeng Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No. 348 Dexiang Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154002, China
| | - Zhenyong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No. 348 Dexiang Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154002, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoguang Jing
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No. 348 Dexiang Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154002, China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- Shanxi Traditional Chinese Hospital, No. 46 Binzhou West Street, Yingze District, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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Periyasami G, Arumugam N, Rahaman M, Kumar RS, Manikandan M, Alfayez MA, Premnath D, Aldalbahi A. ACI/EG eutectic mixture mediated synthesis, characterization and in vitro osteoblast differentiation assessment of spiropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline analogues. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16303-16313. [PMID: 35542235 PMCID: PMC9080264 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00646f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly acetylcholine iodide–ethylene glycol (ACI/EG) deep eutectic mixture mediated green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of hitherto unexplored multi-functionalized linear tricyclic spiropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline analogues. The effects of the synthesized compounds on the osteoblast differentiation of hBMSC-TERT cell lines were investigated and promising results were observed with significant IC50 values. In addition, molecular modeling simulations were also performed with the 3D structure of BMP-2 to reveal binding interactions and orientations of highly potent spiropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline analogues. An eco-friendly acetylcholine iodide–ethylene glycol (ACI/EG) deep eutectic mixture mediated green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of unexplored multi-functionalized linear tricyclic spiropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline analogues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Musaad A. Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit
- Department of Anatomy
- College of Medicine
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
| | | | - Ali Aldalbahi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
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Andrei M, Dinischiotu A, Didilescu AC, Ionita D, Demetrescu I. Periodontal materials and cell biology for guided tissue and bone regeneration. Ann Anat 2017; 216:164-169. [PMID: 29289707 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present review is intended to find links between periodontal materials of the dentomaxillary apparatus and cell biology at the beginning of a century fraught with various forms of periodontal diseases and needing new treatment strategies. The manuscript has two different parts. The first describes the anatomy of tooth supporting structures, as well as related pathologies. The second part is related to cell and molecular biology in the context of periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Andrei
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Ionita
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Demetrescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientist, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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Collagen I derived recombinant protein microspheres as novel delivery vehicles for bone morphogenetic protein-2. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [PMID: 29519439 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a powerful osteoinductive protein; however, there is a need for the development of a safe and efficient BMP-2 release system for bone regeneration therapies. Recombinant extracellular matrix proteins are promising next generation biomaterials since the proteins are well-defined, reproducible and can be tailored for specific applications. In this study, we have developed a novel and versatile BMP-2 delivery system using microspheres from a recombinant protein based on human collagen I (RCP). In general, a two-phase release pattern was observed while the majority of BMP-2 was retained in the microspheres for at least two weeks. Among different parameters studied, the crosslinking and the size of the RCP microspheres changed the in vitro BMP-2 release kinetics significantly. Increasing the chemical crosslinking (hexamethylene diisocyanide) degree decreased the amount of initial burst release (24h) from 23% to 17%. Crosslinking by dehydrothermal treatment further decreased the burst release to 11%. Interestingly, the 50 and 72μm-sized spheres showed a significant decrease in the burst release compared to 207-μm sized spheres. Very importantly, using a reporter cell line, the released BMP-2 was shown to be bioactive. SPR data showed that N-terminal sequence of BMP-2 was important for the binding and retention of BMP-2 and suggested the presence of a specific binding epitope on RCP (KD: 1.2nM). This study demonstrated that the presented RCP microspheres are promising versatile BMP-2 delivery vehicles.
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Attia N, Mashal M, Grijalvo S, Eritja R, Zárate J, Puras G, Pedraz JL. Stem cell-based gene delivery mediated by cationic niosomes for bone regeneration. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:521-531. [PMID: 29157978 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7) plays a pivotal role in the transformation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into bone. However, its impact is hampered due to its short half-life. Therefore, gene therapy may be an interesting approach to deliver BMP-7 gene to D1-MSCs. In this manuscript we prepared and characterized niosomes based on cationic lipid 2,3-di(tetradecyloxy)propan-1-amine, combined with polysorbate 80 for gene delivery purposes. Niosomes were characterized and combined initially with pCMS-EGFP reporter plasmid, and later with pUNO1-hBMP-7 plasmid to evaluate osteogenesis differentiation. Additionally, specific blockers of most relevant endocytic pathways were used to evaluate the intracellular disposition of complexes. MSCs transfected with niosomes showed increased growth rate, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and extracellular matrix deposition which suggested the formation of osteoblast-like cells. We concluded that hBMP-7-transfected MSCs could be considered not only as an effective delivery tool of hBMP-7, but also as proliferating and bone forming cells for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Attia
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mashal
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Jon Zárate
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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Neidlin M, Korcari A, Macheras G, Alexopoulos LG. Cue-Signal-Response Analysis in 3D Chondrocyte Scaffolds with Anabolic Stimuli. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 46:345-353. [PMID: 29147820 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is an avascular connective tissue responsible for bearing loads. Cell signaling plays a central role in cartilage homeostasis and tissue engineering by directing chondrocytes to synthesize/degrade the extracellular matrix or promote inflammatory responses. The aim of this paper was to investigate anabolic, catabolic and inflammatory pathways of well-known and underreported anabolic stimuli in 3D chondrocyte cultures and connect them to diverse cartilage responses including matrix regeneration and cell communication. A cue-signal-response experiment was performed in chondrocytes embedded in alginate scaffolds subjected to a 9-day treatment with 7 anabolic cues. At the signaling level diverse pathways were measured whereas at the response level glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and cytokine releases were monitored. A significant increase of GAG was observed for each stimulus and well known anabolic phosphoproteins were activated. In addition, WNK1, an underreported protein of chondrocyte signaling, was uncovered. At the extracellular level, inflammatory and regulating cytokines were measured and DEFB1 and CXCL10 were identified as novel contributors to chondrocyte responses, both closely linked to TLR signaling and inflammation. Finally, two new pro-growth factors with an inflammatory potential, Cadherin-11 and MGP were observed. Interestingly, well-known anabolic stimuli yielded inflammatory responses which pinpoints to the pleiotropic roles of individual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Neidlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonion Korcari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Huang H, Cheng WX, Hu YP, Chen JH, Zheng ZT, Zhang P. Relationship between heterotopic ossification and traumatic brain injury: Why severe traumatic brain injury increases the risk of heterotopic ossification. J Orthop Translat 2017; 12:16-25. [PMID: 29662775 PMCID: PMC5866497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological phenomenon in which ectopic lamellar bone forms in soft tissues. HO involves many predisposing factors, including congenital and postnatal factors. Postnatal HO is usually induced by fracture, burn, neurological damage (brain injury and spinal cord injury) and joint replacement. Recent studies have found that patients who suffered from bone fracture combined with severe traumatic brain injury (S-TBI) are at a significantly increased risk for HO occurrence. Thus, considerable research focused on the influence of S-TBI on fracture healing and bone formation, as well as on the changes in various osteogenic factors with S-TBI occurrence. Brain damage promotes bone formation, but the exact mechanisms underlying bone formation and HO after S-TBI remain to be clarified. Hence, this article summarises the findings of previous studies on the relationship between S-TBI and HO and discusses the probable causes and mechanisms of HO caused by S-TBI. The translational potential of this article: A better understanding of the probable causes of traumatic brain injury-induced HO can provide new perspectives and ideas in preventing HO and may support to design more targeted therapies to reduce HO or enhance the bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Hai Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Tan Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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GDF5 significantly augments the bone formation induced by an injectable, PLGA fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia. Spine J 2017. [PMID: 28642196 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Biodegradable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) represents a promising option for the surgical treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Because of augmented local bone catabolism, however, additional targeted delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins with the CPC may be needed to promote rapid and complete bone regeneration. PURPOSE In the present study, an injectable, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement (CPC) containing the bone morphogenetic protein GDF5 was tested in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS Defined bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were placed in aged, osteopenic female sheep. Defects were treated with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages of GDF5 (L5; CPC+fibers+GDF5; 1, 5, 100, and 500 µg GDF5; n=5 or 6 each). The results were compared with those of untouched controls (L1). Three and 9 months postoperation, structural and functional effects of the CPC (±GDF5) were assessed ex vivo by measuring (1) bone mineral density (BMD); (2) bone structure, that is, bone volume/total volume (assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry), trabecular thickness, and trabecular number; (3) bone formation, that is, osteoid volume/bone volume, osteoid surface/bone surface, osteoid thickness, mineralized surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/bone surface; (4) bone resorption, that is, eroded surface/bone surface; and (5) compressive strength. RESULTS Compared with untouched controls (L1), both CPC+fibers (L4) and CPC+fibers+GDF5 (L5) numerically or significantly improved all parameters of bone formation, bone resorption, and bone structure. These significant effects were observed both at 3 and 9 months, but for some parameters they were less pronounced at 9 months. Compared with CPC without GDF5, additional significant effects of CPC with GDF5 were demonstrated for BMD and parameters of bone formation and structure (bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, as well as mineralized surface/bone surface). The GDF5 effects were dose-dependent (predominantly in the 5-100 µg range) at 3 and 9 months. CONCLUSIONS GDF5 significantly enhanced the bone formation induced by a PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC in sheep lumbar osteopenia. The results indicated that a local dose as low as ≤100 µg GDF5 may be sufficient to augment middle to long-term bone formation. The novel CPC+GDF5 combination may thus qualify as an alternative to the bioinert, supraphysiologically stiff poly(methyl methacrylate) cement currently applied for vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
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Gunnella F, Kunisch E, Bungartz M, Maenz S, Horbert V, Xin L, Mika J, Borowski J, Bischoff S, Schubert H, Hortschansky P, Sachse A, Illerhaus B, Günster J, Bossert J, Jandt KD, Plöger F, Kinne RW, Brinkmann O. Low-dose BMP-2 is sufficient to enhance the bone formation induced by an injectable, PLGA fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia. Spine J 2017; 17:1699-1711. [PMID: 28619686 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) may be suitable for vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. However, additional targeted delivery of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the CPC may be required to counteract the augmented local bone catabolism and support complete bone regeneration. PURPOSE This study aimed at testing an injectable, poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement (CPC) containing low-dose bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2 in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS Bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were generated in aged, osteopenic female sheep and filled with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages of BMP-2 (L5; CPC+fibers+BMP-2; 1, 5, 100, and 500 µg BMP-2; n=5 or 6 each). The results were compared with those of untouched controls (L1). Three and 9 months after the operation, structural and functional effects of the CPC (±BMP-2) were analyzed ex vivo by measuring (1) bone mineral density (BMD); (2) bone structure, that is, bone volume/total volume (assessed by micro-computed tomography [micro-CT] and histomorphometry), trabecular thickness, and trabecular number; (3) bone formation, that is, osteoid volume/bone volume, osteoid surface/bone surface, osteoid thickness, mineralizing surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/bone surface; (4) bone resorption, that is, eroded surface/bone surface; and (5) compressive strength. RESULTS Compared with untouched controls (L1), CPC+fibers (L4) and/or CPC+fibers+BMP-2 (L5) significantly improved all parameters of bone formation, bone resorption, and bone structure. These effects were observed at 3 and 9 months, but were less pronounced for some parameters at 9 months. Compared with CPC without BMP-2, additional significant effects of BMP-2 were demonstrated for bone structure (bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number) and formation (osteoid surface/bone surface and mineralizing surface/bone surface), as well as for the compressive strength. The BMP-2 effects on bone formation at 3 and 9 months were dose-dependent, with 5-100 µg as the optimal dosage. CONCLUSIONS BMP-2 significantly enhanced the bone formation induced by a PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC in sheep lumbar osteopenia. A single local dose as low as ≤100 µg BMP-2 was sufficient to augment middle to long-term bone formation. The novel CPC+BMP-2 may thus represent an alternative to the bioinert, supraphysiologically stiff polymethylmethacrylate cement presently used to treat osteoporotic vertebral fractures by vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gunnella
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Elke Kunisch
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Bungartz
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany; Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Maenz
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Victoria Horbert
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Long Xin
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Mika
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Borowski
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Bischoff
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Dornburger Straße 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Harald Schubert
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Dornburger Straße 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hortschansky
- Leibniz-Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andre Sachse
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Illerhaus
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Dornburger Straße 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Günster
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin; Germany
| | - Jörg Bossert
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Plöger
- BIOPHARM GmbH, Handelsstrasse 15, 69214 Eppelheim, Germany
| | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany.
| | - Olaf Brinkmann
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany; Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
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76
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Slattery ML, Trivellas A, Pellatt AJ, Mullany LE, Stevens JR, Wolff RK, Herrick JS. Genetic variants in the TGFβ-signaling pathway influence expression of miRNAs in colon and rectal normal mucosa and tumor tissue. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16765-16783. [PMID: 28061442 PMCID: PMC5370000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β signaling pathway is involved in regulation of cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We test the hypothesis that genetic variation in the TGF-β signaling pathway alters miRNA expression.We use data from 1188 colorectal cancer cases to evaluate associations between 80 SNPs in 21 genes.Seven variants eIF4E rs12498533, NFκB1 rs230510, TGFB1 rs4803455, TGFBR1 rs1571590 and rs6478974, SMAD3 rs3743343, and RUNX1 rs8134179 were associated with expression level of miRNAs in normal colorectal mucosa. RUNX2 rs12333172 and BMPR1B rs13134042 were associated with miRNAs in normal colon mucosa; eIF4EBP3 rs250425, SMAD3 rs12904944, SMAD7 rs3736242, and PTEN rs532678 were associated with miRNA expression in normal rectal mucosa. Evaluation of the differential expression between carcinoma and normal mucosa showed that SMAD3 rs12708491 and rs2414937, NFκB1 rs230510 and rs3821958, and RUNX3 rs6672420 were associated with several miRNAs for colorectal carcinoma. Evaluation of site-specific differential miRNA expression showed that BMPR1B rs2120834, BMPR2 rs2228545, and eIF4EBP3 rs250425 were associated with differential miRNA expression in colon tissue and SMAD3 rs12901071, rs1498506, and rs2414937, BMPR2 rs2228545, and RUNX2 rs2819854, altered differential miRNA expression in rectal tissue.These data support the importance of the TGF-β signaling pathway to the carcinogenic process, possibly through their influence on miRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Lila E Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John R Stevens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Oliveira WF, Arruda IRS, Silva GMM, Machado G, Coelho LCBB, Correia MTS. Functionalization of titanium dioxide nanotubes with biomolecules for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:597-606. [PMID: 28888015 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are extensively used in the manufacture of implants because they have biocompatibility. The production of a nanostructured surface can be achieved by means of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) which can have dimensions equivalent to the nanometric components of human bone, in addition to increasing the efficiency of such implants. The search is ongoing for ways to improve the performance of these TNTs in terms of their functionalization through coating these nanotubular matrices with biomolecules. The biocompatibility of the functionalized TNTs can be improved by promoting rapid osseointegration, by preventing the adhesion of bacteria on such surfaces and/or by promoting a more sustained local release of drugs that are loaded into such TNTs. In addition to the implants, these nanotubular matrices have been used in the manufacture of high-performance biosensors capable of immobilizing principally enzymes on their surfaces, which has possible use in disease diagnosis. The objective of this review is to show the main techniques of immobilization of biomolecules in TNTs, evidencing the most recent applications of bioactive molecules that have been functionalized in the nanotubular matrices for use in implants and biosensors. This surveillance also proposes a new class of biomolecules that can be used to functionalize these nanostructured surfaces, lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weslley F Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabel R S Arruda
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste (CETENE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 01, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Germana M M Silva
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste (CETENE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 01, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Machado
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste (CETENE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 01, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50740-540 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luana C B B Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria T S Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Lucaciu O, Crisan B, Hedesiu M, Soritau O, Dirzu N, Crisan L, Campian R, Baciut G, Baciut M, Onisor F, Dinu C, Bran S. The role of BMP-2, low-level laser therapy and low x-ray doses in dental follicle stem cell migration. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2017.1331287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Bogdan Crisan
- Department of Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Mihaela Hedesiu
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Radiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, “Ion Chiricuţă” Oncological Institute Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Noemi Dirzu
- Center for Research in Advanced Medicine, “University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj Napoca, Medfuture", Cluj Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Liana Crisan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Radu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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Vayas R, Reyes R, Rodríguez-Évora M, Del Rosario C, Delgado A, Évora C. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a bMSC and BMP-2 polymeric trilayer system in cartilage repair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:045001. [PMID: 28675146 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa6f1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) tri-layer scaffold is proposed for cartilage repair. The trilayer system consists of a base layer formed by a tablet of PLGA microspheres, a second layer composed of a microsphere suspension placed on top of the tablet, and the third layer, which constitutes an external electrospun PLGA thin polymeric membrane. Combinations of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) encapsulated in the microspheres of the suspension layer, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSC) seeded on the electrospun membrane, are evaluated by histologic analyses and immunohistochemistry in a critical size osteochondral defect in rabbits. Five experimental groups, including a control group (empty defect), a blank group (blank scaffold), a bMSC treated group, two groups treated with 2.5 μg or 8.5 μg of BMP-2 and another two groups implanted with bMSC-BMP-2 combination are evaluated. The repair area increases throughout the experimental time (24 weeks). The repair observed in the treated groups is statistically higher than in control and blank groups. However, the bMSC-BMP-2 combination does not enhance the BMP-2 response. In conclusion, BMP-2 and bMSC repaired effectively the osteochondral defect in the rabbits. The bMSC-BMP-2 combination did not produce synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vayas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain. Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Ntra. Sra. de Candelaria, E-38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Synergistic effects of BMP-2, BMP-6 or BMP-7 with human plasma fibronectin onto hydroxyapatite coatings: A comparative study. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:481-492. [PMID: 28434979 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Design of new osteoinductive biomaterials to reproduce an optimized physiological environment capable of recruiting stem cells and instructing their fate towards the osteoblastic lineage has become a priority in orthopaedic surgery. This work aims at evaluating the bioactivity of BMP combined with human plasma fibronectin (FN/BMP) delivered in solution or coated onto titanium-hydroxyapatite (TiHA) surfaces. Herein, we focus on the comparison of in vitro osteogenic efficacy in mouse C2C12 pre-osteoblasts of three BMP members, namely: BMP-2, BMP-6 and BMP-7. In parallel, we evaluated the molecular binding strength between each BMP with FN using the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology. The affinity of BMPs for FN was found totally different and dependent on BMP type. Indeed, the combination of FN with BMP-2 on TiHA surfaces potentiates the burst of gene-mediated osteogenic induction, while it prolongs the osteogenic activity of BMP-6 and surprisingly annihilates the BMP-7 one. These results correlate with FN/BMP affinity for TiHA, since BMP-6>BMP-2>BMP-7. In addition, by analyzing the osteogenic activity in the peri-implant environment, we showed that osteoinductive paracrine effects were significantly decreased upon (FN/BMP-6), as opposed to (FN/BMP-2) coatings. Altogether, our results support the use of FN/BMP-6 to develop a biomimetic microenvironment capable to induce osteogenic activity under physiological conditions, with minimum paracrine signalization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The originality of our paper relies on the first direct comparison of the in vitro osteogenic potential of three osteogenic BMPs (BMP-2, -6 and -7) combined with native human plasma fibronectin delivered in solution or coated by laser transfer onto titanium hydroxyapatite surfaces. We confirm that BMP association with fibronectin enhances the osteogenic activity of BMP-2, -6 and -7, but with essential discrepancies, depending on the BMP member, and in agreement with the affinity of BMPs for fibronectin. Moreover, we bring elements to explain the origin of the BMP-2 medical life-threatening side-effects by analyzing in vitro paracrine effects. Finally, this work supports the alternative use of FN/BMP-6 to induce osteogenic activity under physiological conditions, with minimum side effects.
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Iijima H, Ito A, Nagai M, Tajino J, Yamaguchi S, Kiyan W, Nakahata A, Zhang J, Wang T, Aoyama T, Nishitani K, Kuroki H. Physiological exercise loading suppresses post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression via an increase in bone morphogenetic proteins expression in an experimental rat knee model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:964-975. [PMID: 27965139 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dose-response relationship of exercise loading in the cartilage-subchondral bone (SB) unit in surgically-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the knee. DESIGN Destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) surgery was performed on the right knee of 12-week-old male Wistar rats, and sham surgery was performed on the contralateral knee. Four weeks after the surgery, the animals were subjected to moderate (12 m/min) or intense (21 m/min) treadmill exercises for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. PTOA development in articular cartilage and SB was examined using histological and immunohistochemical analyses, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, and biomechanical testing at 8 weeks after surgery. Gremlin-1 was injected to determine the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on PTOA development following moderate exercise. RESULTS Moderate exercise increased BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP receptor 2, pSmad-5, and inhibitor of DNA binding protein-1 expression in the superficial zone chondrocytes and suppressed cartilage degeneration, osteophyte growth, SB damage, and osteoclast-mediated SB resorption. However, intense exercise had little effect on BMP expression and even caused progression of these osteoarthritis (OA) changes. Gremlin-1 injection following moderate exercise caused progression of the PTOA development down to the level of the non-exercise DMM-operated knee. CONCLUSIONS Exercise regulated cartilage-SB PTOA development in DMM-operated knees in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings shed light on the important role of BMP expression in superficial zone chondrocytes in attenuation of PTOA development following physiological exercise loading. Further studies to support a mechanism by which BMPs would be beneficial in preventing PTOA progression are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iijima
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - A Ito
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - M Nagai
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - J Tajino
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - S Yamaguchi
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - W Kiyan
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - A Nakahata
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - T Wang
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - T Aoyama
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - K Nishitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - H Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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82
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Miller MQ, Dighe A, Cui Q, Park SS, Christophel JJ. Regenerative Medicine in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Review. JAMA FACIAL PLAST SU 2017; 18:391-4. [PMID: 27532945 DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2016.0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine aims at enhancing tissue healing and regeneration through the exogenous addition of therapeutic growth factors and cells, often in combination with tissue-compatible scaffolds. Perhaps the biggest advances in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) in the coming years will be the result of regenerative medicine techniques. While many articles on regenerative medicine have been published in the FPRS literature, to our knowledge there are no reviews that describe both soft-tissue and bony regeneration strategies, including scaffolds, stem cells, growth factors, and platelet-rich plasma. In reviewing the literature, we found that these strategies have produced very promising results and that regenerative medicine has the potential to augment conventional treatment options in the FPRS subspecialty. In the near future, these novel approaches may begin to replace autologous grafting and free tissue transfer in FPRS, the current standards of care. In this review we look at where our subspecialty is today with regard to regenerative medicine and suggest ways for future study and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Q Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Abhijit Dighe
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Stephen S Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - J Jared Christophel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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83
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Rico-Llanos GA, Becerra J, Visser R. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) enhances the osteogenic activity of bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) in vitro and in vivo, and together have a stronger osteogenic effect than when IGF-1 is combined with BMP-2. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1867-1875. [PMID: 28256809 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is widely used in orthopedic surgery and bone tissue engineering because of its strong osteogenic activity. However, BMP-2 treatments have several drawbacks and many groups are actively exploring alternatives. Since BMP-6 has been demonstrated to be more osteoinductive, its use, either alone or together with other growth factors, might be an interesting option. In this work, we have compared the effect of BMP-2, BMP-6, or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), either alone or in combination. Murine preosteoblasts were treated with 15 nM IGF-1 and/or 6 nM BMP-2 or -6 and the expression of osteogenic marker genes, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in vitro were analyzed. The results showed that IGF-1 greatly enhanced the BMP-induced osteogenic differentiation of these cells in general and that the ALP activity in the cultures was higher when the combination was made with BMP-6 than with BMP-2. Furthermore, we tested the osteogenic potential of these treatments in vivo by loading 25 pmoles of IGF-1 and/or 10 pmoles of BMP-2 or -6 onto absorbable collagen sponges and implanting them into an ectopic bone formation model in rats. This study revealed that only BMP-6 was able to induce bone formation at the used dose and that the addition of IGF-1 contributed to an increase of the mineralization in the implants. Hence, the combination of BMP-6 with IGF-1 might be a better alternative than BMP-2 for orthopedic surgery or bone tissue engineering approaches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1867-1875, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Rico-Llanos
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain.,BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga)
| | - Jose Becerra
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain.,BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga)
| | - Rick Visser
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain.,BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga)
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84
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Mechiche Alami S, Rammal H, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Velard F, Lazar F, Drevet R, Laurent Maquin D, Gangloff S, Hemmerlé J, Voegel J, Francius G, Schaaf P, Boulmedais F, Kerdjoudj H. Harnessing Wharton's jelly stem cell differentiation into bone-like nodule on calcium phosphate substrate without osteoinductive factors. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:575-589. [PMID: 27888100 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An important aim of bone regenerative medicine is to design biomaterials with controlled chemical and topographical features to guide stem cell fate towards osteoblasts without addition of specific osteogenic factors. Herein, we find that sprayed bioactive and biocompatible calcium phosphate substrates (CaP) with controlled topography induce, in a well-orchestrated manner, Wharton's jelly stem cells (WJ-SCs) differentiation into osteoblastic lineage without any osteogenic supplements. The resulting WJ-SCs commitment exhibits features of native bone, through the formation of three-dimensional bone-like nodule with osteocyte-like cells embedded into a mineralized type I collagen. To our knowledge, these results present the first observation of a whole differentiation process from stem cell to osteocytes-like on a synthetic material. This suggests a great potential of sprayed CaP and WJ-SCs in bone tissue engineering. These unique features may facilitate the transition from bench to bedside and the development of successful engineered bone. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Designing materials to direct stem cell fate has a relevant impact on stem cell biology and provides insights facilitating their clinical application in regenerative medicine. Inspired by natural bone compositions, a friendly automated spray-assisted system was used to build calcium phosphate substrate (CaP). Sprayed biomimetic solutions using mild conditions led to the formation of CaP with controlled physical properties, good bioactivity and biocompatibility. Herein, we show that via optimization of physical properties, CaP substrate induce osteogenic differentiation of Wharton's jelly stem cells (WJ-SCs) without adding osteogenic supplement factors. These results suggest a great potential of sprayed CaP and WJ-SCs in bone tissue engineering and may facilitate the transition from bench to beside and the development of clinically successful engineered bone.
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85
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Marupanthorn K, Tantrawatpan C, Kheolamai P, Tantikanlayaporn D, Manochantr S. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances the osteogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from human bone marrow and umbilical cord. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:654-662. [PMID: 28204808 PMCID: PMC5360390 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can give rise to different cell types of the mesodermal lineages. They are powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine as they can be isolated from various tissues, and can be expanded and induced to differentiate into multiple lineages. Recently, the umbilical cord has been suggested as an alternative source of MSCs. Although MSCs derived from the umbilical cord can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts with a phenotypic similarity to that of bone marrow-derived MSCs, the differentiation ability is not consistent. In addition, MSCs from the umbilical cord require a longer period of time to differentiate into osteoblasts. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in bone tissue regeneration. In addition, several studies have supported the use of BMP-2 in periodontal regeneration, sinus lift bone-grafting and non-unions in oral surgery. Although the use of BMP-2 for bone tissue regeneration has been extensively investigated, the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from the umbilical cord has not yet been fully examined. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the effects of BMP-2 on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from umbilical cord compared to that of MSCs derived from bone marrow. The degree of osteogenic differentiation following BMP-2 treatment was determined by assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression profiles of osteogenic differentiation marker genes, osterix (Osx), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (Ocn). The results revealed that BMP-2 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs derived from both bone marrow and umbilical cord as demonstrated by increased ALP activity and the upregulation of osteogenic differentiation marker genes. The enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs by BMP-2 suggests that these MSCs may be used as alternative sources for bone engineering or cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulisara Marupanthorn
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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86
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Maisani M, Pezzoli D, Chassande O, Mantovani D. Cellularizing hydrogel-based scaffolds to repair bone tissue: How to create a physiologically relevant micro-environment? J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417712073. [PMID: 28634532 PMCID: PMC5467968 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417712073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising alternative to autografts or allografts for the regeneration of large bone defects. Cell-free biomaterials with different degrees of sophistication can be used for several therapeutic indications, to stimulate bone repair by the host tissue. However, when osteoprogenitors are not available in the damaged tissue, exogenous cells with an osteoblast differentiation potential must be provided. These cells should have the capacity to colonize the defect and to participate in the building of new bone tissue. To achieve this goal, cells must survive, remain in the defect site, eventually proliferate, and differentiate into mature osteoblasts. A critical issue for these engrafted cells is to be fed by oxygen and nutrients: the transient absence of a vascular network upon implantation is a major challenge for cells to survive in the site of implantation, and different strategies can be followed to promote cell survival under poor oxygen and nutrient supply and to promote rapid vascularization of the defect area. These strategies involve the use of scaffolds designed to create the appropriate micro-environment for cells to survive, proliferate, and differentiate in vitro and in vivo. Hydrogels are an eclectic class of materials that can be easily cellularized and provide effective, minimally invasive approaches to fill bone defects and favor bone tissue regeneration. Furthermore, by playing on their composition and processing, it is possible to obtain biocompatible systems with adequate chemical, biological, and mechanical properties. However, only a good combination of scaffold and cells, possibly with the aid of incorporated growth factors, can lead to successful results in bone regeneration. This review presents the strategies used to design cellularized hydrogel-based systems for bone regeneration, identifying the key parameters of the many different micro-environments created within hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maisani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire BioTis, Inserm U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniele Pezzoli
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chassande
- Laboratoire BioTis, Inserm U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
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87
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Hyaluronic Acid Gel-Based Scaffolds as Potential Carrier for Growth Factors: An In Vitro Bioassay on Its Osteogenic Potential. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5120112. [PMID: 27916889 PMCID: PMC5184785 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been utilized for a variety of regenerative medical procedures due to its widespread presence in connective tissue and perceived biocompatibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate HA in combination with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 9 (rhBMP9), one of the most osteogenic growth factors of the BMP family. HA was first combined with rhBMP9 and assessed for the adsorption and release of rhBMP9 over 10 days by ELISA. Thereafter, ST2 pre-osteoblasts were investigated by comparing (1) control tissue culture plastic, (2) HA alone, and (3) HA with rhBMP9 (100 ng/mL). Cellular proliferation was investigated by a MTS assay at one, three and five days and osteoblast differentiation was investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at seven days, alizarin red staining at 14 days and real-time PCR for osteoblast differentiation markers. The results demonstrated that rhBMP9 adsorbed within HA scaffolds and was released over a 10-day period in a controlled manner. While HA and rhBMP9 had little effect on cell proliferation, a marked and pronounced effect was observed for cell differentiation. rhBMP9 significantly induced ALP activity, mRNA levels of collagen1α2, and ALP and osteocalcin (OCN) at three or 14 days. HA also demonstrated some ability to induce osteoblast differentiation by increasing mRNA levels of OCN and increasing alizarin red staining at 14 days. In conclusion, the results from the present study demonstrate that (1) HA may serve as a potential carrier for various growth factors, and (2) rhBMP9 is a potent and promising inducer of osteoblast differentiation. Future animal studies are now necessary to investigate this combination approach in vivo.
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88
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Gagan J, Fraze C, Stout DA. Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Bioprinting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 34337282 PMCID: PMC8320738 DOI: 10.16966/2472-6990.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have become a revived biotechnology that is beginning to expand the field of regenerative medicine. Although stem cells are capable of regenerating tissues, current research trends tend to side on developing fully functional organs and other clinical uses including in situ stem cell repair through three-dimensional printing methods. Through several tests and techniques, it can be shown that most stem cell printing methods are possible and that most tests come out with high cell viability. Furthermore, the importance of bioprinting is to benefit the field of regenerative medicine, which looks into artificial organ transplants for the thousands of patients without donors. Although the field is not brand new, understanding the integration and use of additive manufacturing with biomaterials is essential in developing fully functional organs. There is a heavy emphasis on the biomaterials themselves since they have a crucial role in creating an organ that is mechanically robust and adaptable in vivo. Covered in this review article are many featured tests, which also touch on the importance of including a biomaterial that is capable of maintaining a viable microenvironment. These include biomaterials such as hydrogels, biopolymers, and synthetic extra cellular matrices (ECM) built for stem cells to proliferate, differentiate, and give freedom to cell communication after printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshuah Gagan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - David A Stout
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.,International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO) Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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89
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Wang Z, Chen L, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang P. Improved Cell Adhesion and Osteogenesis of op-HA/PLGA Composite by Poly(dopamine)-Assisted Immobilization of Collagen Mimetic Peptide and Osteogenic Growth Peptide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26559-26569. [PMID: 27649958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A nanocomposite of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) with a different grafting ratio of l-lactic acid oligomer (op-HA) showed better interface compatibility, mineralization, and osteogenetic abilities. However, surface modification of the composite is crucial to improve the osteointegration for bone regeneration. In this study, a biomimetic process via poly(dopamine) coating was utilized to prepare functional substrate surfaces with immobilized bioactive peptides that efficiently regulate the osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). Our study demonstrated that incorporation of collagen mimetic peptide significantly enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. The immobilization of osteogenic growth peptide induced the osteodifferentiation of cells, as indicated by the alkaline phosphate activity test, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. The mineralization on the peptide-modified substrates was also enhanced greatly. Findings from this study revealed that this biofunctionalized layer on op-HA/PLGA substrate improved mineralization and osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, the surface modification strategy with bioactive peptides shows potential to enhance the osteointegration of bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
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90
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Bone morphogenetic protein 2 stimulates chondrogenesis of equine synovial membrane-derived progenitor cells. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2016; 29:378-85. [PMID: 27468832 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-02-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is critical for skeletal and cartilage development, homeostasis and repair. This study was conducted to clone and characterize equine BMP-2, develop expression constructs for equine BMP-2, and to determine whether BMP-2 can stimulate chondrogenesis of equine synovial membrane-derived progenitor cells (SMPC). METHODS Equine BMP-2 cDNA was amplified from chondrocyte RNA, and then transferred into an expression plasmid and adenoviral vector. Effective expression of equine BMP-2 was confirmed using a BMP reporter cell line. SMPC were isolated from synovium, expanded through two passages and transferred to chondrogenic cultures, with recombinant human (rh) transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) or rhBMP-2. Chondrogenesis was assessed by up-regulation of collagen types II and X, and aggrecan mRNA, secretion of collagen type II protein and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), and by alkaline phosphatase induction. Chondrogenic stimulation of SMPC by the equine BMP-2 adenovirus was assessed by sGAG secretion and histology. RESULTS The mature equine BMP-2 peptide is identical to human and murine peptides. Recombinant human BMP-2 and TGF-β1 stimulated equivalent amounts of collagen type II protein in SMPC pellets, but sGAG secretion was doubled by BMP-2. Neither factor stimulated hypertrophic marker expression. The equine BMP-2 adenoviral vector induced chondrogenesis comparably to rhBMP-2 protein, with no indication of hypertrophy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is a potent inducer of SMPC non-hypertrophic chondrogenesis, supporting the use of this combination for articular cartilage repair applications.
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91
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Xun Q, Wang H, He F. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of pancreatic diseases: Research status and prospects. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3232-3237. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i21.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic diseases is increasing year by year. Current treatments for pancreatic diseases are mainly symptomatic, and the research on the repair and restoration of function of the pancreatic cells progresses slowly. Stem cells have been widely used in the treatment of diseases in recent years because of their ability of multi-directional differentiation and repair of cell damage caused by disease and injury. Numerous studies confirm that pancreatic stem cells after transplantation can differentiate into pancreatic cells and play an important role in the recovery of external secretory function and repair of the damaged pancreatic cells. Particularly, both in vivo and in vitro studies show that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have achieved remarkable results in the treatment of pancreatic diseases, laying a theoretical and practical basis for clinical treatment of pancreatic diseases with stem cells. This article outlines the progress in treatment of acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, demonstrating that stem cells are expected to become one of new methods for the treatment of pancreatic diseases.
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92
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A Survey of Strategies to Modulate the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathway: Current and Future Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7290686. [PMID: 27433166 PMCID: PMC4940573 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7290686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the TGF-β family of ligands and are unequivocally involved in regulating stem cell behavior. Appropriate regulation of canonical BMP signaling is critical for the development and homeostasis of numerous human organ systems, as aberrations in the BMP pathway or its regulation are increasingly associated with diverse human pathologies. In this review, we provide a wide-perspective on strategies that increase or decrease BMP signaling. We briefly outline the current FDA-approved approaches, highlight emerging next-generation technologies, and postulate prospective avenues for future investigation. We also detail how activating other pathways may indirectly modulate BMP signaling, with a particular emphasis on the relationship between the BMP and Activin/TGF-β pathways.
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93
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Cole AE, Murray SS, Xiao J. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Signalling in Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells during Development and after Injury. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9260592. [PMID: 27293450 PMCID: PMC4884839 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9260592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in identifying the extracellular signalling pathways that regulate neural stem and precursor cell biology in the central nervous system (CNS). The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), in particular BMP4, are key players regulating neuronal and glial cell development from neural precursor cells in the embryonic, postnatal, and injured CNS. Here we review recent studies on BMP4 signalling in the generation of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglial cells in the CNS. We also discuss putative mechanisms that BMP4 may utilise to influence glial cell development following CNS injury and highlight some questions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair E. Cole
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simon S. Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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