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Jain S, Samal AG, Das B, Pradhan B, Sahu N, Mohapatra D, Behera PK, Satpathi PS, Mohanty AK, Satpathi S, Senapati S. Escherichia coli, a common constituent of benign prostate hyperplasia-associated microbiota induces inflammation and DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells. Prostate 2020; 80:1341-1352. [PMID: 32835423 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), especially in creating an inflammatory milieu may not be avoided. The major objectives of this study were to investigate the microbial composition of BPH tissues, its association with inflammation and check the effect of clinically isolated bacteria on prostate epithelial cells. METHODS The study includes 36 patients with a pathological diagnosis of BPH. Following strict aseptic measures, tissues were collected after transurethral resection of prostate, multiple pieces of the resected tissues were subjected to histopathological analysis, bacterial culture and genomic DNA extraction. Microbial composition was analyzed by culture and/or next-generation sequencing methods. Annotation of operational taxonomy unit has been done with an in-house algorithm. The extent of inflammation was scored through histological evaluation of tissue sections. The effect of clinical isolates on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and induction of DNA-damage in the prostate epithelial cells were evaluated. RESULTS Histopathological analysis of the BPH tissues showed the presence of inflammation in almost all the tissues with a varied level at different regions of the same tissue section and the level of overall inflammation was different from patients to patients. Microbial culture of tissue samples showed the presence of live bacteria in 55.5% (20 out of 36) of the patient tissues. Majority of the isolates were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, E. coli and Micrococcus spp. Further, V3 16S rRNA sequencing of the DNA isolated from BPH tissues showed the presence of multiple bacteria and the most common phylum in the BPH tissues were found to be Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The E. coli, isolated from one of the tissue was able to activate NF-κB and induce DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells. Phospho-histone γH2A.X staining confirmed the presence of cells with damaged DNA lesion in BPH tissues and also correlated with the severity of inflammation. CONCLUSION Our study has shown that the BPH tissues do have a divergent microbial composition including the commonly found E. coli (phylum Proteobacteria), and these bacteria might contribute to the BPH-associated inflammation and/or tissue damage. The BPH-associated E. coli induced NF-κB signaling and DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Jain
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajit Gopal Samal
- Department of Surgery, Hitech Medical College, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Biswaranjan Pradhan
- School of Basic Sciences, S. K. Dash Center of Excellence of Biosciences and Engineering & Technology (SKBET), Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nilanjan Sahu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debasish Mohapatra
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Akshaya K Mohanty
- Infectious Disease Biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Satpathi
- Department of Pathology, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
- Department of Pathology, Hitech Medical College and Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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52
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[The microbiome in benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Urologe A 2020; 59:1204-1207. [PMID: 32914231 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of new high throughput sequencing technologies has paved the way for microbiome research, opening up entirely new perspectives on the complex and diverse ecosystems of the human body. One of the main findings was that it became clear that in contrast to the widely held dogma the urinary tract is not a sterile environment. As for all niches of the human body, a well-balanced microbiome is an essential part for the physiological functioning of the urinary tract and therefore it must be considered a prerequisite for health. The dysbalance of the microbiome is now seen as having a considerable impact on the pathogenesis of a plethora of diseases. Its role in benign disorders, such as interstitial cystitis, urinary urge incontinence and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome as well as participation in malignant conditions, such as prostate cancer has recently been revealed. The contribution of the urinary microbiome to the pathogenesis and progression of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic obstruction are currently under investigation.
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Crocetto F, Boccellino M, Barone B, Di Zazzo E, Sciarra A, Galasso G, Settembre G, Quagliuolo L, Imbimbo C, Boffo S, Angelillo IF, Di Domenico M. The Crosstalk between Prostate Cancer and Microbiota Inflammation: Nutraceutical Products Are Useful to Balance This Interplay? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2648. [PMID: 32878054 PMCID: PMC7551491 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota shows pivotal roles in urologic health and disease. Emerging studies indicate that gut and urinary microbiomes can impact several urological diseases, both benignant and malignant, acting particularly on prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. Indeed, the microbiota exerts its influence on prostate cancer initiation and/or progression mechanisms through the regulation of chronic inflammation, apoptotic processes, cytokines, and hormonal production in response to different pathogenic noxae. Additionally, therapies' and drugs' responses are influenced in their efficacy and tolerability by microbiota composition. Due to this complex potential interconnection between prostate cancer and microbiota, exploration and understanding of the involved relationships is pivotal to evaluate a potential therapeutic application in clinical practice. Several natural compounds, moreover, seem to have relevant effects, directly or mediated by microbiota, on urologic health, posing the human microbiota at the crossroad between prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer development. Here, we aim to analyze the most recent evidence regarding the possible crosstalk between prostate, microbiome, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Health Science “V. Tiberio”, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonella Sciarra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80135 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Giuliana Settembre
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (B.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19122 PA, USA;
| | | | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80135 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (L.Q.); (M.D.D.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19122 PA, USA;
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Katongole P, Sande OJ, Joloba M, Reynolds SJ, Niyonzima N. The human microbiome and its link in prostate cancer risk and pathogenesis. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:53. [PMID: 32884579 PMCID: PMC7460756 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the microbiome's role in human health and disease since the human microbiome project. The microbiome plays a vital role in influencing cancer risk and pathogenesis. Several studies indicate microbial pathogens to account for over 15-20% of all cancers. Furthermore, the interaction of the microbiota, especially the gut microbiota in influencing response to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy remains an area of active research. Certain microbial species have been linked to the improved clinical outcome when on different cancer therapies. The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome has enabled the study to understand its connection to genitourinary malignancies, especially prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide. Therefore research into understanding the factors and mechanisms associated with prostate cancer etiology, pathogenesis, and disease progression is of utmost importance. In this review, we explore the current literature concerning the link between the gut and urinary microbiome and prostate cancer risk and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Katongole
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular biology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular biology, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Banerjee S, Alwine JC, Wei Z, Tian T, Shih N, Sperling C, Guzzo T, Feldman MD, Robertson ES. Microbiome signatures in prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:749-764. [PMID: 30794288 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established a microbiome signature for prostate cancer using an array-based metagenomic and capture-sequencing approach. A diverse microbiome signature (viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic) was observed in the prostate cancer samples compared with benign prostate hyperplasia controls. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified three distinct prostate cancer-specific microbiome signatures. The three signatures correlated with different grades, stages and scores of the cancer. Thus, microbiome signature analysis potentially provides clinical diagnosis and outcome predictions. The array data were validated by PCR and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Specific NGS data suggested that certain viral genomic sequences were inserted into the host somatic chromosomes of the prostate cancer samples. A randomly selected group of these was validated by direct PCR and sequencing. In addition, PCR validation of Helicobacter showed that Helicobacter cagA sequences integrated within specific chromosomes of prostate tumor cells. The viral and Helicobacter integrations are predicted to affect the expression of several cellular genes associated with oncogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Banerjee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Alwine
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Natalie Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin Sperling
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Guzzo
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kovács T, Mikó E, Ujlaki G, Sári Z, Bai P. The Microbiome as a Component of the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1225:137-153. [PMID: 32030653 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbes, which live in the human body, affect a large set of pathophysiological processes. Changes in the composition and proportion of the microbiome are associated with metabolic diseases (Fulbright et al., PLoS Pathog 13:e1006480, 2017; Maruvada et al., Cell Host Microbe 22:589-599, 2017), psychiatric disorders (Macfabe, Glob Adv Health Med 2:52-66, 2013; Kundu et al., Cell 171:1481-1493, 2017), and neoplastic diseases (Plottel and Blaser, Cell Host Microbe 10:324-335, 2011; Schwabe and Jobin, Nat Rev Cancer 13:800-812, 2013; Zitvogel et al., Cell 165:276-287, 2016). However, the number of directly tumorigenic bacteria is extremely low. Microbial dysbiosis is connected to cancers of the urinary tract (Yu, Arch Med Sci 11:385-394, 2015), cervix (Chase, Gynecol Oncol 138:190-200, 2015), skin (Yu et al., J Drugs Dermatol 14:461-465, 2015), airways (Gui et al., Genet Mol Res 14:5642-5651, 2015), colon (Garrett, Science 348:80-86, 2015), lymphomas (Yamamoto and Schiestl, Int J Environ Res Public Health 11:9038-9049, 2014; Yamamoto and Schiestl, Cancer J 20:190-194, 2014), prostate (Yu, Arch Med Sci 11:385-394, 2015), and breast (Flores et al., J Transl Med 10:253, 2012; Fuhrman et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:4632-4640, 2014; Xuan et al., PLoS One 9:e83744, 2014; Goedert et al., J Natl Cancer Inst 107:djv147, 2015; Chan et al., Sci Rep 6:28061, 2016; Hieken et al., Sci Rep 6:30751, 2016; Urbaniak et al., Appl Environ Microbiol 82:5039-5048, 2016; Goedert et al., Br J Cancer 118:471-479, 2018). Microbial dysbiosis can influence organs in direct contact with the microbiome and organs that are located at distant sites of the body. The altered microbiota can lead to a disruption of the mucosal barrier (Plottel and Blaser, Cell Host Microbe 10:324-335, 2011), promote or inhibit tumorigenesis through the modification of immune responses (Kawai and Akira, Int Immunol 21:317-337, 2009; Dapito et al., Cancer Cell 21:504-516, 2012) and microbiome-derived metabolites, such as estrogens (Flores et al., J Transl Med 10:253, 2012; Fuhrman et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:4632-4640, 2014), secondary bile acids (Rowland, Role of the gut flora in toxicity and cancer, Academic Press, London, p x, 517 p., 1988; Yoshimoto et al., Nature 499:97-101, 2013; Xie et al., Int J Cancer 139:1764-1775, 2016; Shellman et al., Clin Otolaryngol 42:969-973, 2017; Luu et al., Cell Oncol (Dordr) 41:13-24, 2018; Miko et al., Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 1859:958-974, 2018), short-chain fatty acids (Bindels et al., Br J Cancer 107:1337-1344, 2012), lipopolysaccharides (Dapito et al., Cancer Cell 21:504-516, 2012), and genotoxins (Fulbright et al., PLoS Pathog 13:e1006480, 2017). Thus, altered gut microbiota may change the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (McCarron et al., Br J Biomed Sci 69:14-17, 2012; Viaud et al., Science 342:971-976, 2013; Montassier et al., Aliment Pharmacol Ther 42:515-528, 2015; Buchta Rosean et al., Adv Cancer Res 143:255-294, 2019). Taken together, microbial dysbiosis has intricate connections with neoplastic diseases; hereby, we aim to highlight the major contact routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsanett Sári
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. .,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary. .,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Heidler S, Lusuardi L, Madersbacher S, Freibauer C. The Microbiome in Benign Renal Tissue and in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urol Int 2019; 104:247-252. [DOI: 10.1159/000504029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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59
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Brennen WN, Isaacs JT. Mesenchymal stem cells and the embryonic reawakening theory of BPH. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 15:703-715. [PMID: 30214054 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The prostate is the only organ in a man that continues to grow with age. John McNeal proposed, 40 years ago, that this BPH is characterized by an age-related reinitiation of benign neoplastic growth selectively in developmentally abortive distal ducts within the prostate transition-periurethral zone (TPZ), owing to a reawakening of inductive stroma selectively within these zones. An innovative variant of this hypothesis is that, owing to its location, the TPZ is continuously exposed to urinary components and/or autoantigens, which produces an inflammatory TPZ microenvironment that promotes recruitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and generates a paracrine-inductive stroma that reinitiates benign neoplastic nodular growth. In support of this hypothesis, MSCs infiltrate human BPH tissue and have the ability to stimulate epithelial stem cell growth. These results provide a framework for defining both the aetiology of BPH in ageing men and insights into new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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60
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Picardo SL, Coburn B, Hansen AR. The microbiome and cancer for clinicians. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 141:1-12. [PMID: 31202124 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome is an emerging target in cancer development and therapeutics. It may be directly oncogenic, through promotion of mucosal inflammation or systemic dysregulation, or may alter anti-cancer immunity/therapy. Microorganisms within, adjacent to and distant from tumors may affect cancer progression, and interactions and differences between these populations can influence the course of disease. Here we review the microbiome as it pertains to cancer for clinicians. The microbiota of cancers including colorectal, pancreas, breast and prostate are discussed. We examine "omics" technologies, microbiota associated with tumor tissue and tumor-site fluids such as feces and urine, as well as indirect effects of the gut microbiome. We describe roles of the microbiome in immunotherapy, and how it can be modulated to improve cancer therapeutics. While research is still at an early stage, there is potential to exploit the microbiome, as modulation may increase efficacy of treatments, reduce toxicities and prevent carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Picardo
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A1, Canada.
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A1, Canada.
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Bajic P, Dornbier RA, Doshi CP, Wolfe AJ, Farooq AV, Bresler L. Implications of the Genitourinary Microbiota in Prostatic Disease. Curr Urol Rep 2019; 20:34. [PMID: 31104156 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-019-0904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent investigation into associations between the genitourinary microbiota and prostatic disease. RECENT FINDINGS The genitourinary tract is not sterile. There are microbial communities (microbiota) in each niche of the genitourinary tract including the bladder, prostate, and urethra, which have been the subject of increasing scientific interest. Investigators have utilized several unique methods to study them, resulting in a highly heterogeneous body of literature. To characterize these genitourinary microbiota, diverse clinical specimens have been analyzed, including urine obtained by various techniques, seminal fluid, expressed prostatic secretions, and prostatic tissue. Recent studies have attempted to associate the microbiota detected from these samples with urologic disease and have implicated the genitourinary microbiota in many common conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). In this review, we summarize the recent literature pertaining to the genitourinary microbiota and its relationship to the pathophysiology and management of three common prostatic conditions: BPH, prostate cancer, and CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Bajic
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Ryan A Dornbier
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Chirag P Doshi
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. CTRE Building, Room 224, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ahmer V Farooq
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Larissa Bresler
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Ave. Building 54, Room 23A, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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Liu Y, Wu X, Jiang H. High dietary fat intake lowers serum equol concentration and promotes prostate carcinogenesis in a transgenic mouse prostate model. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:24. [PMID: 31011360 PMCID: PMC6460650 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of diet high in soy products is suggested to contribute to lower prostate cancer incidence in Asian men. But little has been known about the influences of dietary patterns on gut microbiota and microbiota-mediated isoflavone metabolism. Here, we determined the influences of western pattern diet on prostate carcinogenesis, gut microbiota and microbiota-mediated equol metabolism using a transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Methods We mimicked the western pattern diet using a high fat diet (HFD). TRAMP mice were fed with either control diet (CD) or HFD. At the age of 24 weeks, mice were orally administered daidzein over a 4-day period, and then sacrificed. The serum daidzein and equol were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography. Fecal microbiome was analyzed with fecal 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, and prostate was dissected and performed with histopathology. Results HFD could promote prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice (p = 0.045). The daidzein showed no significant differences between CD and HFD groups, while equol was significantly decreased in HFD group (p = 0.019). Fecal microbiotas differed between the two groups, 21 microbial phylotypes were increased and 11 phylotypes were decreased in abundance in HFD group, including decreased abundance of equol-producing bacterium Adlercreutzia (0.08% vs. 0.27%). Conclusions HFD may promote prostate carcinogenesis through adversely affecting equol-producing bacterium. Further functional validations are required to ascertain the mechanism of those HFD-responsive bacteria in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
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Miyake M, Ohnishi K, Hori S, Nakano A, Nakano R, Yano H, Ohnishi S, Owari T, Morizawa Y, Itami Y, Nakai Y, Inoue T, Anai S, Torimoto K, Tanaka N, Fujii T, Furuya H, Rosser CJ, Fujimoto K. Mycoplasma genitalium Infection and Chronic Inflammation in Human Prostate Cancer: Detection Using Prostatectomy and Needle Biopsy Specimens. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030212. [PMID: 30832347 PMCID: PMC6468796 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence of association between sexually transmitted infection and prostatic inflammation in human prostate cancer (PCa) is limited. Here, we sought to examine the potential association of prostatic infection with the inflammatory environment and prostate carcinogenesis. We screened surgical and biopsy specimens from 45 patients with PCa against a panel of sexually transmitted infection-related organisms using polymerase chain reaction and examined the severity of intraprostatic inflammation by pathologic examination. Among tested organisms, the rate of Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) infection was significantly different between the prostate cancer cohort and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) cohort (P = 0.03). Mg infection in the surgical specimens was associated with younger patients. The rate of extensive disease (pT2c–3b) was higher in Mg-positive patients than in Mg-negative patients (P = 0.027). No significant correlation was observed between Mg infection status and the grade of intraprostatic inflammation. The detection sensitivity of biopsy specimens was 61% for Mg and 60% for human papillomavirus (HPV)18, indicating possible clinical application of this material. A comprehensive understanding of the correlation between the urogenital microbiome and inflammation would facilitate the development of strategies for PCa prevention. Further studies are required to explore its clinical utility in recommendations of early re-biopsy, close follow-up, and treatment by antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Kenta Ohnishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Akiyo Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Ohnishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Takuya Owari
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Itami
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Torimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Hideki Furuya
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Charles J Rosser
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
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64
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Feng Y, Ramnarine VR, Bell R, Volik S, Davicioni E, Hayes VM, Ren S, Collins CC. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis of human prostate microbiota from patients with prostate cancer. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:146. [PMID: 30777011 PMCID: PMC6379980 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm among men in many countries. Since most precancerous and cancerous tissues show signs of inflammation, chronic bacterial prostatitis has been hypothesized to be a possible etiology. However, establishing a causal relationship between microbial inflammation and PCa requires a comprehensive analysis of the prostate microbiome. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbiome in prostate tissue of PCa patients and investigate its association with tumour clinical characteristics as well as host expression profiles. Results The metagenome and metatranscriptome of tumour and the adjacent benign tissues were assessed in 65 Chinese radical prostatectomy specimens. Escherichia, Propionibacterium, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were abundant in both metagenome and metatranscriptome, thus constituting the core of the prostate microbiome. The biodiversity of the microbiomes could not be differentiated between the matched tumour/benign specimens or between the tumour specimens of low and high Gleason Scores. The expression profile of ten Pseudomonas genes was strongly correlated with that of eight host small RNA genes; three of the RNA genes may negatively associate with metastasis. Few viruses could be identified from the prostate microbiomes. Conclusions This is the first study of the human prostate microbiome employing an integrated metagenomics and metatranscriptomics approach. In this Chinese cohort, both metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses showed a non-sterile microenvironment in the prostate of PCa patients, but we did not find links between the microbiome and local progression of PCa. However, the correlated expression of Pseudomonas genes and human small RNA genes may provide tantalizing preliminary evidence that Pseudomonas infection may impede metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5457-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Robert Bell
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Vanessa M Hayes
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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65
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Kovács T, Mikó E, Vida A, Sebő É, Toth J, Csonka T, Boratkó A, Ujlaki G, Lente G, Kovács P, Tóth D, Árkosy P, Kiss B, Méhes G, Goedert JJ, Bai P. Cadaverine, a metabolite of the microbiome, reduces breast cancer aggressiveness through trace amino acid receptors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1300. [PMID: 30718646 PMCID: PMC6361949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that changes to the gut microbiome alters the microbiome-derived metabolome, potentially promoting carcinogenesis in organs that are distal to the gut. In this study, we assessed the relationship between breast cancer and cadaverine biosynthesis. Cadaverine treatment of Balb/c female mice (500 nmol/kg p.o. q.d.) grafted with 4T1 breast cancer cells ameliorated the disease (lower mass and infiltration of the primary tumor, fewer metastases, and lower grade tumors). Cadaverine treatment of breast cancer cell lines corresponding to its serum reference range (100–800 nM) reverted endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inhibited cellular movement and invasion, moreover, rendered cells less stem cell-like through reducing mitochondrial oxidation. Trace amino acid receptors (TAARs), namely, TAAR1, TAAR8 and TAAR9 were instrumental in provoking the cadaverine-evoked effects. Early stage breast cancer patients, versus control women, had reduced abundance of the CadA and LdcC genes in fecal DNA, both responsible for bacterial cadaverine production. Moreover, we found low protein expression of E. coli LdcC in the feces of stage 1 breast cancer patients. In addition, higher expression of lysine decarboxylase resulted in a prolonged survival among early-stage breast cancer patients. Taken together, cadaverine production seems to be a regulator of early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - András Vida
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Éva Sebő
- Kenézy Breast Center, Kenézy Gyula County Hospital, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Judit Toth
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csonka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gréta Lente
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Patrik Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Dezső Tóth
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Péter Árkosy
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Borbála Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - James J Goedert
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20982 MD, USA
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary. .,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary. .,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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66
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Alanee S, El-Zawahry A, Dynda D, McVary K, Karr M, Braundmeier-Fleming A. Prospective examination of the changes in the urinary microbiome induced by transrectal biopsy of the prostate using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22:446-452. [PMID: 30664733 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively examine the changes in microbiota within the urinary tract after transrectal prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data, urine, and fecal samples prospectively collected from 30 patients before and after transrectal biopsy of the prostate. DNA was extracted from urine collected after a prostate massage before and after prostate biopsy, and from fecal samples collected before the biopsy. We sequenced DNA using the bacterial 16S rRNA high-throughput next-generation sequencing and analyzed changes in microbial profiles for taxonomy comparison between samples. RESULTS Pre-biopsy urinary microbial profiles contained Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus bacteria. Post-biopsy urinary microbial profiles included lower levels of Lactobacillus and higher levels of Prevotella bacteria. Bacteroides bacteria were predominant in fecal samples. We identified two clustering patterns containing both pre- and post-biopsy urine samples. Cluster 1 had a urine cluster pattern that was distinct from fecal, whereas cluster 2 was similar to fecal. We observed two different modes of microbial changes, 11 patients had both of their urine (pre and post) samples associated with a particular cluster group, whereas others (n = 15) had movement between clusters 1 and 2 following the biopsy procedure. Four patient's post-biopsy urine microbial profiles clustered very tightly to the fecal microbial profile. CONCLUSIONS We describe two models of change in the urinary tract microbiota after prostate biopsy using 16S RNA gene analysis. Further research to determine what controls changes in the urinary microbiota after prostate biopsy can help us understand why some patients are more susceptible to develop post-biopsy infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Alanee
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Ahmed El-Zawahry
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Danuta Dynda
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin McVary
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Mallory Karr
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrea Braundmeier-Fleming
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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67
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Konkol Y, Keskitalo A, Vuorikoski H, Pietilä S, Elo LL, Munukka E, Bernoulli J, Tuomela J. Chronic nonbacterial prostate inflammation in a rat model is associated with changes of gut microbiota that can be modified with a galactoglucomannan-rich hemicellulose extract in the diet. BJU Int 2018; 123:899-908. [PMID: 30256506 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate dietary effects on the gut microbiota composition in a rat model of nonbacterial chronic prostate inflammation (CPI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nonbacterial CPI was induced in the Wistar rat strain with subcutaneous testosterone and 17β-oestradiol (E2 ) hormone pellets for 18 weeks. Rats with placebo pellets served as healthy controls. Rats with CPI were stratified into two groups, which drank either plain tap water (control group) or tap water supplemented with 2% galactoglucomannan-rich hemicellulose extract (GGM group) from Norway spruce (Picea abies) for 5 weeks. Faecal samples were collected at the end of the study, total DNA was extracted, and the bacterial composition was analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, faecal samples were assayed for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations using gas chromatography. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) was measured in serum samples, as an indirect indicator for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) load in blood. RESULTS The microbial biodiversity was significantly different between the treatment groups. In the rats with CPI, there was a significant increase in gut microbial populations Rikenellaceae, Odoribacter, Clostridiaceae, Allobaculum and Peptococcaceae compared with healthy rats. Conversely, levels of Bacteroides uniformis, Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae were decreased in rats with CPI. SCFA butyric-, valeric- and caproic-acid concentrations were also decreased in the faecal samples of the rats with CPI. In contrast, acetic acid concentrations and serum LBP were significantly elevated in CPI rats compared with healthy ones. Amongst rats with CPI, treatment with the GGM extract significantly reduced the abundance of Odoribacter and Clostridiaceae levels, and increased the B. uniformis levels compared with CPI rats drinking tap water only. In addition, GGM significantly increased the levels of butyric acid and caproic acid, and reduced the levels of LBP in serum. CONCLUSIONS Hormone-induced nonbacterial CPI in rats is associated with specific changes in gut microbiota and secondary changes in SCFAs and LPS due to gut microbiota alteration. Our results further suggest that fermentable compounds may have a beneficial effect on CPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Konkol
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anniina Keskitalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Sami Pietilä
- Bioinformatics Unit, Turku Centre of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Turku Centre of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eveliina Munukka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Johanna Tuomela
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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68
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Meng S, Chen B, Yang J, Wang J, Zhu D, Meng Q, Zhang L. Study of Microbiomes in Aseptically Collected Samples of Human Breast Tissue Using Needle Biopsy and the Potential Role of in situ Tissue Microbiomes for Promoting Malignancy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:318. [PMID: 30175072 PMCID: PMC6107834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that changes in microbiome are linked to development of cancer and its aggressiveness. Microbiome profiles in human breast tissue previously presumed to be sterile, have recently been characterized using high-throughput technologies. Recent findings of microbiome variation between benign and malignant disease provides a rationale for exploring microbiomes associated with cancer during tumor progression. We assessed microbiomes of aseptically collected human breast tissue samples in this study, using needle biopsy from patients with benign and malignant tumors of different histological grading, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. This is consistent with previous studies, and our results identified distinct microbiome profiles in breast tissues from women with cancer as compared to women with benign breast disease in Chinese cohorts. The enriched microbial biomarkers in malignant tissue included genus Propionicimonas and families Micrococcaceae, Caulobacteraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Nocardioidaceae, Methylobacteriaceae, which appeared to be ethno-specific. Further, we compared microbiome profiles in malignant tissues of three different histological grades. The relative abundance of family Bacteroidaceae decreased and that of genus Agrococcus increased with the development of malignancy. KEGG pathways inferred by PICRUSt showed that biotin and glycerophospholipid metabolism had significant differences in all three grades. Glycerophospholipid and ribosome biogenesis increased in grade III tissue as compared to grades I and II. Flavonoid biosynthesis significantly decreased in grade III tissue. The specific correlation of these potential microbial biomarkers and indicated pathways with advanced disease could have broad implications in the diagnosis and staging of breast cancer. Further large-cohort investigation of the breast cancer microbiome and its potential mechanism in breast cancer development are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Meng
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dequan Zhu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Lin Yi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Qingsong Meng
- Clinical Laboratory, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiological Laboratory, Lin Yi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
- Shandong Children's Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, No. 2 Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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69
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Burns MB, Montassier E, Abrahante J, Priya S, Niccum DE, Khoruts A, Starr TK, Knights D, Blekhman R. Colorectal cancer mutational profiles correlate with defined microbial communities in the tumor microenvironment. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007376. [PMID: 29924794 PMCID: PMC6028121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the gut microbiome has been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as to host genetic variation. However, we do not know whether, in addition to baseline host genetics, somatic mutational profiles in CRC tumors interact with the surrounding tumor microbiome, and if so, whether these changes can be used to understand microbe-host interactions with potential functional biological relevance. Here, we characterized the association between CRC microbial communities and tumor mutations using microbiome profiling and whole-exome sequencing in 44 pairs of tumors and matched normal tissues. We found statistically significant associations between loss-of-function mutations in tumor genes and shifts in the abundances of specific sets of bacterial taxa, suggestive of potential functional interaction. This correlation allows us to statistically predict interactions between loss-of-function tumor mutations in cancer-related genes and pathways, including MAPK and Wnt signaling, solely based on the composition of the microbiome. In conclusion, our study shows that CRC microbiomes are correlated with tumor mutational profiles, pointing towards possible mechanisms of molecular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Burns
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MBB); (RB)
| | - Emmanuel Montassier
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- MiHAR lab, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Juan Abrahante
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sambhawa Priya
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David E. Niccum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy K. Starr
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- BioTechnology Institute, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MBB); (RB)
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70
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Porter CM, Shrestha E, Peiffer LB, Sfanos KS. The microbiome in prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 21:345-354. [PMID: 29795140 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer initiation and/or progression through both direct and indirect interactions. To date, the majority of studies have focused on direct interactions including the influence of prostate infections on prostate cancer risk and, more recently, on the composition of the urinary microbiome in relation to prostate cancer. Less well understood are indirect interactions of the microbiome with prostate cancer, such as the influence of the gastrointestinal or oral microbiota on pro- or anti-carcinogenic xenobiotic metabolism, and treatment response. METHODS We review the literature to date on direct and indirect interactions of the microbiome with prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. RESULTS Emerging studies indicate that the microbiome can influence prostate inflammation in relation to benign prostate conditions such as prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia, as well as in prostate cancer. We provide evidence that the human microbiome present at multiple anatomic sites (urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, etc.) may play an important role in prostate health and disease. CONCLUSIONS In health, the microbiome encourages homeostasis and helps educate the immune system. In dysbiosis, a systemic inflammatory state may be induced, predisposing remote anatomical sites to disease, including cancer. The microbiome's ability to affect systemic hormone levels may also be important, particularly in a disease such as prostate cancer that is dually affected by estrogen and androgen levels. Due to the complexity of the potential interconnectedness between prostate cancer and the microbiome, it is vital to further explore and understand the relationships that are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Porter
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eva Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren B Peiffer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Comparative and Molecular Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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71
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Commensal bacterial modulation of the host immune response to ameliorate pain in a murine model of chronic prostatitis. Pain 2018; 158:1517-1527. [PMID: 28715352 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human commensal microflora plays an essential role in modulating the immune response to control homeostasis. Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal bacterium most commonly associated with the skin exerts such effects locally, modulating local immune responses during inflammation and preventing superinfection by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. Although the prostate is considered by many to be sterile, multiple investigations have shown that small numbers of gram-positive bacterial species such as S. epidermidis can be isolated from the expressed prostatic secretions of both healthy and diseased men. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a complex syndrome with symptoms including pain and lower urinary tract dysfunction. It has an unknown etiology and limited effective treatments but is associated with modulation of prostate immune responses. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome can be modeled using murine experimental prostatitis (EAP), where CD4+ve IL17A+ve T cells have been shown to play a critical role in disease orchestration and development of pelvic tactile allodynia. Here, we report that intraurethral instillation of a specific S. epidermidis strain (designated NPI [non-pain inducing]), isolated from the expressed prostatic secretion of a healthy human male, into EAP-treated mice reduced the pelvic tactile allodynia responses and increased CD4+ve IL17A+ve T-cell numbers associated with EAP. Furthermore, a cell wall constituent of NPI, lipoteichoic acid, specifically recapitulates these effects and mediates increased expression of CTLA4-like ligands PDL1 and PDL2 on prostatic CD11b+ve antigen-presenting cells. These results identify a new potential therapeutic role for commensal S. epidermidis NPI lipoteichoic acid in the treatment of prostatitis-associated pain.
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72
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Lithocholic acid, a bacterial metabolite reduces breast cancer cell proliferation and aggressiveness. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:958-974. [PMID: 29655782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed at finding a mechanistic relationship between the gut microbiome and breast cancer. Breast cancer cells are not in direct contact with these microbes, but disease could be influenced by bacterial metabolites including secondary bile acids that are exclusively synthesized by the microbiome and known to enter the human circulation. In murine and bench experiments, a secondary bile acid, lithocholic acid (LCA) in concentrations corresponding to its tissue reference concentrations (< 1 μM), reduced cancer cell proliferation (by 10-20%) and VEGF production (by 37%), aggressiveness and metastatic potential of primary tumors through inducing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, increased antitumor immune response, OXPHOS and the TCA cycle. Part of these effects was due to activation of TGR5 by LCA. Early stage breast cancer patients, versus control women, had reduced serum LCA levels, reduced chenodeoxycholic acid to LCA ratio, and reduced abundance of the baiH (7α/β-hydroxysteroid dehydroxylase, the key enzyme in LCA generation) gene in fecal DNA, all suggesting reduced microbial generation of LCA in early breast cancer.
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73
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Golombos DM, Ayangbesan A, O'Malley P, Lewicki P, Barlow L, Barbieri CE, Chan C, DuLong C, Abu-Ali G, Huttenhower C, Scherr DS. The Role of Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Prostate Cancer: A Prospective, Pilot Study. Urology 2018; 111:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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74
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Sfanos KS, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG, De Marzo AM. The inflammatory microenvironment and microbiome in prostate cancer development. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 15:11-24. [PMID: 29089606 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes the development of several types of solid cancers and might contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. This hypothesis partly originates in the frequent observation of inflammatory cells in the prostate microenvironment of adult men. Inflammation is associated with putative prostate cancer precursor lesions, termed proliferative inflammatory atrophy. Inflammation might drive prostate carcinogenesis via oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species that induce mutagenesis. Additionally, inflammatory stress might cause epigenetic alterations that promote neoplastic transformation. Proliferative inflammatory atrophy is enriched for proliferative luminal epithelial cells of intermediate phenotype that might be prone to genomic alterations leading to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. Studies in animals suggest that inflammatory changes in the prostate microenvironment contribute to reprogramming of prostate epithelial cells, a possible step in tumour initiation. Prostatic infection, concurrent with epithelial barrier disruption, might be a key driver of an inflammatory microenvironment; the discovery of a urinary microbiome indicates a potential source of frequent exposure of the prostate to a diverse number of microorganisms. Hence, current evidence suggests that inflammation and atrophy are involved in prostate carcinogenesis and suggests a role for the microbiome in establishing an inflammatory prostate microenvironment that might promote prostate cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - William G Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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75
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Guo Y, Zhang Z, Wei H, Wang J, Lv J, Zhang K, Keller ET, Yao Z, Wang Q. Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 promotes prostate cancer progression through activating the Cdc42-PAK1 axis. J Pathol 2017; 243:208-219. [PMID: 28707808 DOI: 10.1002/path.4940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections and plays a role in prostatic carcinogenesis and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, the mechanisms through which UPEC promotes PCa development and progression are unclear. Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) is one of the most important UPEC toxins and its role in PCa progression has never been studied. We found that UPEC-secreted CNF1 promoted the migration and invasion of PCa cells and PCa metastasis. In vitro studies showed that CNF1 promotes pro-migratory and pro-invasive activity through entering PCa cells and activating Cdc42, which subsequently induced PAK1 phosphorylation and up-regulation of MMP-9 expression. CNF1 also promoted pulmonary metastasis in a xenograft mouse model through these mechanisms. PAK1 phosphorylation correlated with advanced grades of PCa in human clinical PCa tissues. These results suggest that CNF1 derived from UPEC plays an important role in PCa progression through activating a Cdc42-PAK1 signal axis and up-regulating the expression of MMP-9. Therefore, surveillance for and treatment of cnf1-carrying UPEC strains may diminish PCa progression and thus have an important clinical therapeutic impact. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiu Guo
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhisong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Huiting Wei
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Junqiang Lv
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
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76
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Leheste JR, Ruvolo KE, Chrostowski JE, Rivera K, Husko C, Miceli A, Selig MK, Brüggemann H, Torres G. P. acnes-Driven Disease Pathology: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:81. [PMID: 28352613 PMCID: PMC5348501 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the biology and behavior of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a dominant bacterium species of the skin biogeography thought to be associated with transmission, recurrence and severity of disease. More specifically, we discuss the ability of P. acnes to invade and persist in epithelial cells and circulating macrophages to subsequently induce bouts of sarcoidosis, low-grade inflammation and metastatic cell growth in the prostate gland. Finally, we discuss the possibility of P. acnes infiltrating the brain parenchyma to indirectly contribute to pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative disorders such as those observed in Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg R Leheste
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn E Ruvolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Joanna E Chrostowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Kristin Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Husko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Alyssa Miceli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Martin K Selig
- Molecular Pathology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - German Torres
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
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77
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Astaxanthin Inhibits PC-3 Xenograft Prostate Tumor Growth in Nude Mice. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15030066. [PMID: 28282880 PMCID: PMC5367023 DOI: 10.3390/md15030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the most common malignancy in men, is a major cause of cancer deaths. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive tumor initiation and progression may identify actionable targets to improve treatment of this patient group. As a dietary carotenoid, astaxanthin has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects against inflammation, cardiovascular disease, oxidative damage, or different cancer sites. This study used intragastric administration of astaxanthin to detect its role on tumor proliferation, apoptosis, microRNA (miRNA) overexpression, and microbacteria composition change by establishing androgen-independent PCa cell PC-3 xenograft nude mice. Nude mice were inoculated with androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells subcutaneously. The intervention was started when tumors reached 0.5–0.6 cm in diameter. Mice were intragastrically administered 100 mg/kg astaxanthin (HA), 25 mg/kg astaxanthin (LA), or olive oil (TC). The results showed that 100 mg/kg astaxanthin significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to the TC group, with an inhibitory rate of 41.7%. A decrease of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as an increase of cleaved caspase-3 were observed in HA-treated tumors, along with increasing apoptotic cells, obtained by TUNEL assay. The HA significantly elevated the levels of tumor suppressors miR-375 and miR-487b in tumor tissues and the amount of Lactobacillus sp. and Lachnospiraceae in mice stools, while there was no significant difference between LA and TC groups. These results provide a promising regimen to enhance the therapeutic effect in a dietary supplement manner.
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78
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Li R, Yang J, Saffari A, Jacobs J, Baek KI, Hough G, Larauche MH, Ma J, Jen N, Moussaoui N, Zhou B, Kang H, Reddy S, Henning SM, Campen MJ, Pisegna J, Li Z, Fogelman AM, Sioutas C, Navab M, Hsiai TK. Ambient Ultrafine Particle Ingestion Alters Gut Microbiota in Association with Increased Atherogenic Lipid Metabolites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42906. [PMID: 28211537 PMCID: PMC5314329 DOI: 10.1038/srep42906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure is associated with atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Ultrafine particles (UFP, dp < 0.1–0.2 μm) are redox active components of PM. We hypothesized that orally ingested UFP promoted atherogenic lipid metabolites in both the intestine and plasma via altered gut microbiota composition. Low density lipoprotein receptor-null (Ldlr−/−) mice on a high-fat diet were orally administered with vehicle control or UFP (40 μg/mouse/day) for 3 days a week. After 10 weeks, UFP ingested mice developed macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the intestinal villi, accompanied by elevated cholesterol but reduced coprostanol levels in the cecum, as well as elevated atherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC 18:1) and lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) in the intestine and plasma. At the phylum level, Principle Component Analysis revealed significant segregation of microbiota compositions which was validated by Beta diversity analysis. UFP-exposed mice developed increased abundance in Verrocomicrobia but decreased Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes as well as a reduced diversity in microbiome. Spearman’s analysis negatively correlated Actinobacteria with cecal cholesterol, intestinal and plasma LPC18:1, and Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria with plasma LPC 18:1. Thus, ultrafine particles ingestion alters gut microbiota composition, accompanied by increased atherogenic lipid metabolites. These findings implicate the gut-vascular axis in a atherosclerosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jieping Yang
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arian Saffari
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jonathan Jacobs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Greg Hough
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Muriel H Larauche
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nelson Jen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nabila Moussaoui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bill Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hanul Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Joseph Pisegna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering &Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Aragón IM, Herrera-Imbroda B, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Castillo E, Del Moral JSG, Gómez-Millán J, Yucel G, Lara MF. The Urinary Tract Microbiome in Health and Disease. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 4:128-138. [PMID: 28753805 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The urinary tract, previously considered a sterile body niche, has emerged as the host of an array of bacteria in healthy individuals, revolutionizing the urology research field. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on microbiome implications in the urinary tract and the usefulness of probiotics/prebiotics and diet as treatment for urologic disorders. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Medline from inception until July 2016. The initial search identified 1419 studies and 89 were included in this systematic review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Specific bacterial communities have been found in the healthy urinary tract. Changes in this microbiome have been observed in certain urologic disorders such as urinary incontinence, urologic cancers, interstitial cystitis, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, sexually transmitted infections, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The role of probiotics, prebiotics, and diet as treatment or preventive agents for urologic disorders requires further investigation. CONCLUSIONS There is a microbiome associated with the healthy urinary tract that can change in urologic disorders. This represents a propitious context to identify new diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive microbiome-based biomarkers that could be used in clinical urology practice. In addition, probiotics, prebiotics, and diet modifications appear to represent an opportunity to regulate the urinary microbiome. PATIENT SUMMARY We review the urinary microbiome of healthy individuals and its changes in relation to urinary disorders. The question to resolve is how we can modulate the microbiome to improve urinary tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Aragón
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - María I Queipo-Ortuño
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Biomedical Research Institute,, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castillo
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Gómez-Millán
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gozde Yucel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - María F Lara
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain.
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80
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Fritzenwanker M, Imirzalioglu C, Chakraborty T, Wagenlehner FM. Modern diagnostic methods for urinary tract infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:1047-1063. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1236685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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81
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Ni X, Meng H, Zhou F, Yu H, Xiang J, Shen S. Effect of hypertension on bacteria composition of prostate biopsy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer in PSA grey-zone. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:765-769. [PMID: 27284421 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic prostate cancer (PC) is difficult to diagnose by prostate biopsy, even in patients with markedly elevated PSA levels. Therefore, we aimed to identify a new, better technique to detect PC in a more consistent manner. A variety of steps were employed to validate this proposed method, including DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and DGGE band sequencing. Four transperineal prostate biopsy specimens were obtained from male patients. The patients were under the age of 65 and PSA levels were 4-10 ng/ml. We also investigated the bacteria composition of transperineal prostate biopsy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PC by PCR-DGGE profiling. Sequences from selected bands 2 and 4 both matched with Sphingomonas, which is present in lower amounts in PC without hypertension as compared to PC with hypertension, while there were no particular differences in the BPH group. Specific bacteria from the prostate biopsy tissues provide further confidence in PC diagnosis based on a PCR approach as a diagnostic tool, while hypertension was found to be a disturbing factor that can affect the diagnosis of BPH and PC in grey-zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhou Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jianjian Xiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shengrong Shen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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83
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Cracking the Code of Human Diseases Using Next-Generation Sequencing: Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:161648. [PMID: 26665001 PMCID: PMC4668301 DOI: 10.1155/2015/161648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have greatly impacted on every field of molecular research mainly because they reduce costs and increase throughput of DNA sequencing. These features, together with the technology's flexibility, have opened the way to a variety of applications including the study of the molecular basis of human diseases. Several analytical approaches have been developed to selectively enrich regions of interest from the whole genome in order to identify germinal and/or somatic sequence variants and to study DNA methylation. These approaches are now widely used in research, and they are already being used in routine molecular diagnostics. However, some issues are still controversial, namely, standardization of methods, data analysis and storage, and ethical aspects. Besides providing an overview of the NGS-based approaches most frequently used to study the molecular basis of human diseases at DNA level, we discuss the principal challenges and applications of NGS in the field of human genomics.
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