51
|
Lee J, Lee S, Son J, Lim H, Kim E, Kim D, Ha S, Hur T, Lee S, Choi I. Analysis of circulating-microRNA expression in lactating Holstein cows under summer heat stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231125. [PMID: 32866172 PMCID: PMC7458322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Korean peninsula weather is rapidly becoming subtropical due to global warming. In summer 2018, South Korea experienced the highest temperatures since the meteorological observations recorded in 1907. Heat stress has a negative effect on Holstein cows, the most popular breed of dairy cattle in South Korea, which is susceptible to heat. To examine physiological changes in dairy cows under heat stress conditions, we analyzed the profiles circulating microRNAs isolated from whole blood samples collected under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions using small RNA sequencing. We compared the expression profiles in lactating cows under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions to understand the regulation of biological processes in heat-stressed cows. Moreover, we measured several heat stress indicators, such as rectal temperature, milk yield, and average daily gain. All these assessments showed that pregnant cows were more susceptible to heat stress than non-pregnant cows. In addition, we found the differential expression of 11 miRNAs (bta-miR-19a, bta-miR-19b, bta-miR-30a-5p, and several from the bta-miR-2284 family) in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows under heat stress conditions. In target gene prediction and gene set enrichment analysis, these miRNAs were found to be associated with the cytoskeleton, cell junction, vasculogenesis, cell proliferation, ATP synthesis, oxidative stress, and immune responses involved in heat response. These miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Lee
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheon-an, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyu Son
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheon-an, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonju Lim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheon-an, Republic of Korea
| | - Euntae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheon-an, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheon-an, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Ha
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheon-an, Republic of Korea
| | - Taiyoung Hur
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheon-an, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (IC); (SL)
| | - Inchul Choi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (IC); (SL)
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Automated Monitoring of Panting for Feedlot Cattle: Sensor System Accuracy and Individual Variability. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091518. [PMID: 32867225 PMCID: PMC7552261 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Panting is considered a robust animal response indicator of heat stress; however, continuous visual monitoring is impractical on a commercial scale. Current thermal indices are good predictors of heat stress at a herd level but have limited application at the individual level. The automated monitoring of heat stress responses of individual cattle based on animal response and environmental parameters are required for strategic management and genetic selection. We validated an ear tag-based sensor for the monitoring of panting in cattle and determined the individual variability in panting duration for heat stress events, comparing with existing thermal indices. Sensors were able to monitor differences in cattle panting due to breed, coat colour, and individual variability. High variation in panting responses between and within genotype and coat category highlights the opportunity for targeted heat amelioration based on breed and coat colour grouping of animals, and selection within breeds and types for heat resilience. Abstract Heat stress causes significant economic losses by reducing the productivity and welfare of cattle whilst requiring a significant investment in resource for amelioration. Panting score (PS) is considered a robust indicator of cattle heat stress; however, individualised visual monitoring is impractical. Thermal index-based monitoring and mitigation decisions are applied at the herd level, but they have limited application for the individual animal. As such, an automated system to monitor the real-time animal response to heat stress is required for strategic mitigation. Our objectives were to validate an accelerometer-based ear tag sensor to monitor cattle panting and to determine individual variability in heat stress responses with reference to thermal indices. Two experiments were conducted: Experiment 1 validated the sensors, and Experiment 2 determined individual variability comparing sensor data against thermal indices. Ear tag sensors were fitted at feedlot entry to continuously monitor the behaviour of 100 steers of mixed breed in Experiment 1 and 200 steers and heifers of mixed breed in Experiment 2. Sensor-derived ‘heavy breathing’ was validated against visually observed PS. Sensor-derived behaviour bouts were analysed as ‘raw’, and single behaviour states were also converted to the preceding bout of ≥2 min, which was referred to as ‘fill’ data for the validation study. Our results demonstrate the sensors’ ability to accurately monitor panting in feedlot cattle. Sensor-recorded ‘heavy breathing’ duration per animal was highly correlated to observed panting duration for both raw (r = 0.89) and fill (r = 0.90) data; however, the concordance correlation co-efficient was lower for raw (0.45) as compared with fill (0.76). Predicted agreement for raw data were 75%, 45%, and 68% and predicted agreement for fill data were 65%, 54%, and 83% for PS0, PS1, and PS2, respectively. Sensitivity for raw data were 39%, 37%, and 45% and for fill data, they were 59%, 54% and 82% for all PS data, PS1 and PS2, respectively. Specificity and positive predictive values for both raw (77% and 79%, respectively) and fill (65% and 77%, respectively) data show the probability of reporting false positives by sensors to be low. Experiment 2 revealed that the duration of panting increased from 0800 to 1700 h alongside changes in thermal indices with significant differences between and within breed and coat colour categories of cattle, suggesting that grouping and allocating heat amelioration measures by breed and coat colour can be effective in commercial feedlots. However, there was high variability (CV > 80%) in the duration of panting between individuals within the same breed and same coat colour, revealing the potential for strategic management at an individual level, and with the same data, genetic selection for heat resilience.
Collapse
|
53
|
A Review of Welfare Indicators of Indoor-Housed Dairy Cow as a Basis for Integrated Automatic Welfare Assessment Systems. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081430. [PMID: 32824228 PMCID: PMC7459720 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many techniques have been developed to measure single indicators of reduced welfare in farm animals, such as changes in the walking pattern to detect lameness in dairy cows. However, there is still a need to combine these single measurements to get a more complete picture of the wellbeing of an animal. Based on a literature review on dairy cow welfare, this review provides a basis for the development of an integrated automatic system to assess the welfare of dairy cows on the farm. It provides an overview of the main welfare issues for dairy cows, such as lameness, heat stress, or pain and of the most established indicators that could help to detect these welfare issues on the farm. We found that there are several indicators, such as reduced feed intake, that are common to most welfare issues and that are therefore suitable to detect reduced welfare in general, while other indicators mainly identify one welfare issue, such as increased respiratory rate, as an indicator of heat stress. Combining these different types of indicators would provide a good basis to develop an integrated automatic system that could assist farmers in the detection of reduced welfare on their farms. Abstract For on-farm welfare assessment many automatic methods have been developed to detect indicators of reduced welfare. However, there is still a need to integrate data from single sources to obtain a complete picture of the welfare of an animal. This review offers a basis for developing integrated automatic systems to assess dairy cow welfare by providing an overview of the main issues that challenge cow welfare (e.g., lameness) and of well-established indicators that could detect these issues on the farm. Based on a literature review of 4 reviews on cow welfare in general and 48 reviews on single welfare issues, we identified 18 different major welfare issues and 76 matching indicators that could be detected automatically on the farm. Several indicators, e.g., feed intake, showed a consistent association with welfare across many different issues. Although some of these indicators are discussed critically, this means there are many indicators that potentially could detect reduced welfare in general. Other types of indicators could detect one specific welfare issue, e.g., increased respiratory rate for heat stress. These different types of indicators combined provide a basis to develop integrated automatic systems that ultimately would help farmers to detect welfare problems at an early stage.
Collapse
|
54
|
Abbas Z, Sammad A, Hu L, Fang H, Xu Q, Wang Y. Glucose Metabolism and Dynamics of Facilitative Glucose Transporters (GLUTs) under the Influence of Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080312. [PMID: 32751848 PMCID: PMC7465303 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the main threats to dairy cow production; in order to resist heat stress, the animal exhibits a variety of physiological and hormonal responses driven by complex molecular mechanisms. Heat-stressed cows have high insulin activity, decreased non-esterified fatty acids, and increased glucose disposal. Glucose, as one of the important biochemical components of the energetic metabolism, is affected at multiple levels by the reciprocal changes in hormonal secretion and adipose metabolism under the influence of heat stress in dairy cattle. Therefore, alterations in glucose metabolism have negative consequences for the animal’s health, production, and reproduction under heat stress. Lactose is a major sugar of milk which is affected by the reshuffle of the whole-body energetic metabolism during heat stress, contributing towards milk production losses. Glucose homeostasis is maintained in the body by one of the glucose transporters’ family called facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs encoded by SLC2A genes). Besides the glucose level, the GLUTs expression level is also significantly changed under the influence of heat stress. This review aims to describe the effect of heat stress on systemic glucose metabolism, facilitative glucose transporters, and its consequences on health and milk production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Abbas
- Institute of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (Z.A.); (H.F.)
| | - Abdul Sammad
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, CAST, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Lirong Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, CAST, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Hao Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (Z.A.); (H.F.)
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (Z.A.); (H.F.)
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yachun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, CAST, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Stamperna K, Giannoulis T, Nanas I, Kalemkeridou M, Dadouli K, Moutou K, Amiridis GS, Dovolou E. Short term temperature elevation during IVM affects embryo yield and alters gene expression pattern in oocytes, cumulus cells and blastocysts in cattle. Theriogenology 2020; 156:36-45. [PMID: 32652327 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress causes subfertility in cattle by inducing alterations in steroidogenic capacity, follicular function and ovulation defects, which eventually negatively affect oocyte quality and embryo survival. Here, the effects of short, moderate temperature elevation during IVM, on embryo yield, and on the expression of various genes was evaluated. In 8 replicates, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured for 24 h at 39 °C (controls n = 605) or at 41 °C from hour 2 to hour 8 of IVM (treated, n = 912), fertilized, and presumptive zygotes were cultured for 9 days at 39 °C. Cleavage and embryo formation rates were evaluated 48 h post insemination and on days 7, 8, 9 respectively. Cumulus cells, oocytes and blastocysts from 5 replicates were snap frozen for the relative expression analysis of genes related to metabolism, thermal and oxidative stress response, apoptosis, and placentation. In treated group, cleavage and embryo formation rates were statistically significantly lower compared with the control (cleavage 86.7% vs 74.2%; blastocysts: day 7, 29.9% vs 19.7%, day 8, 34.2% vs 22.9% and day 9 35.9% vs 24.5%). Relative mRNA abundance of three genes in cumulus cells (HSP90AA1, CPT1B, G6PD) and three genes in blastocysts (DNMT3A, PLAC8, GPX1) indicated significantly different expression between groups (p < 0.05)., The expression of G6PD, SOD2, GXP1 in oocytes and PTGS2 in blastocysts tended to differ among groups (0.05<p < 0.08). Heat stress altered (p < 0.05) the correlation of expression between HSPs and other genes in oocytes (G6PD, GPX1, CCNB1), cumulus cells (LDH, CCNB1) and blastocysts (AKR1B1, PLAC8). These results imply that exposure of oocytes to elevated temperature, even for only 6 h, disrupts the developmental competence of the oocytes, suppresses blastocyst yield and significantly alters the coordinated pattern of gene expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Stamperna
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Giannoulis
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Department of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nanas
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Maria Kalemkeridou
- Department of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Katerina Moutou
- Department of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios S Amiridis
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.
| | - Eleni Dovolou
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Yue S, Wang Z, Wang L, Peng Q, Xue B. Transcriptome Functional Analysis of Mammary Gland of Cows in Heat Stress and Thermoneutral Condition. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061015. [PMID: 32532099 PMCID: PMC7341491 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current study employed RNA-seq technology to analyze the impact of heat stress on the whole transcript sequencing profile in the mammary glands of lactating Holstein dairy cows. In the findings of the current study, heat stress downregulated the expression of casein genes, which resulted in a decrease in milk production. Moreover, heat stress upregulated the gene expression of HSPA1A and HSP90B1, while it downregulated the expression of immune response-related genes that resulted in a reduction in milk yield. Furthermore, there was an increased synthesis of heat shock proteins and unfolded proteins that could reduce the availability of circulating amino acids for milk protein synthesis. The findings of the current experiment may help to explore the impact of heat stress on immune function, milk production, and milk protein synthesis in cows. Abstract Heat stress (HS) exerts significant effects on the production of dairy animals through impairing health and biological functions. However, the molecular mechanisms related to the effect of HS on dairy cow milk production are still largely unknown. The present study employed an RNA-sequencing approach to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with a decline in milk production by the functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mammary glands of cows exposed to HS and non-heat-stressed cows. The results of the current study reveal that HS increases the rectal temperature and respiratory rate. Cows under HS result in decreased bodyweight, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield. In the current study, a total of 213 genes in experimental cow mammary glands was identified as being differentially expressed by DEGs analysis. Among identified genes, 89 were upregulated, and 124 were downregulated. Gene Ontology functional analysis found that biological processes, such as immune response, chaperone-dependent refolding of protein, and heat shock protein binding activity, were notably affected by HS. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis found that almost all of the top-affected pathways were related to immune response. Under HS, the expression of heat shock protein 90 kDa beta I (HSP90B1) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A was upregulated, while the expression of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) and histocompatibility complex, class II, DRB3 (BoLA-DRB3) was downregulated. We further explored the effects of HS on lactation-related genes and pathways and found that HS significantly downregulated the casein genes. Furthermore, HS increased the expression of phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 2 (CASTOR2), and cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 1 (CASTOR1), but decreased the phosphorylation of Janus kinase-2, a signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-5. Based on the findings of DMI, milk yield, casein gene expression, and the genes and pathways identified by functional annotation analysis, it is concluded that HS adversely affects the immune function of dairy cows. These results will be beneficial to understand the underlying mechanism of reduced milk yield in HS cows.
Collapse
|
57
|
Sammad A, Wang YJ, Umer S, Lirong H, Khan I, Khan A, Ahmad B, Wang Y. Nutritional Physiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Cattle under the Influence of Heat Stress: Consequences and Opportunities. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050793. [PMID: 32375261 PMCID: PMC7278580 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Modern dairy cows have elevated internal heat loads caused by high milk production, and the effects of accumulating incremental heat are exacerbated when temperature and humidity increases in the surroundings. To shed this additional heat, cows initiate a variety of adaptive mechanisms including increased respiration rate, panting, sweating, reduced milk yield, vasodilatation, and decreased reproductive performance. Hormonal changes based on reciprocal alterations to the energetic metabolism are particularly accountable for reduced efficiency of the dairy production under the heat stress. As animals experience negative energy balance; glucose, which is also a precursor of milk lactose, becomes the preferential energy fuel. In the absence of proper mitigations, heat stress possesses potential risk of economic losses to dairy sector. Besides physical measures for the timely prediction of the actual heat stress coupled with its proper amelioration, nutritional mitigation strategies should target modulating energetic metabolism and rumen environment. Abstract Higher milk yield and prolificacy of the modern dairy cattle requires high metabolism activities to support them. It causes high heat production by the body, which coupled with increasing environmental temperatures results in heat stress (HS). Production, health, and welfare of modern cattle are severely jeopardized due to their low adaptability to hot conditions. Animal activates a variety of physiological, endocrine, and behavioral mechanisms to cope with HS. Traditionally, decreased feed intake is considered as the major factor towards negative energy balance (NEBAL) leading to a decline in milk production. However, reciprocal changes related to insulin; glucose metabolism; failure of adipose mobilization; and skeletal muscle metabolism have appeared to be the major culprits behind HS specific NEBAL. There exists high insulin activity and glucose become preferential energy fuel. Physiological biochemistry of the heat stressed cows is characterized by low-fat reserves derived NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) response, despite high energy demands. Besides these, physiological and gut-associated changes and poor feeding practices can further compromise the welfare and production of the heat-stressed cows. Better understanding of HS specific nutritional physiology and metabolic biochemistry of the dairy cattle will primarily help to devise practical interventions in this context. Proper assessment of the HS in cattle and thereby applying relevant cooling measures at dairy seems to be the basic mitigation approach. Score of the nutritional strategies be applied in the eve of HS should target supporting physiological responses of abatement and fulfilling the deficiencies possessed, such as water and minerals. Second line of abatement constitutes proper feeding, which could augment metabolic activities and synergizes energy support. The third line of supplemental supports should be directed towards modulating the metabolic (propionates, thiazolidinediones, dietary buffers, probiotics, and fermentates) and antioxidant responses (vitamins). Comprehensive understanding of the energetic metabolism dynamics under the impact of incremental heat load and complete outlook of pros and cons of the dietary ameliorating substances together with the discovery of the newer relevant supplementations constitutes the future avenues in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sammad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (Y.J.W.); (H.L.); (A.K.); (B.A.)
| | - Ya Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (Y.J.W.); (H.L.); (A.K.); (B.A.)
| | - Saqib Umer
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.U.); (I.K.)
| | - Hu Lirong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (Y.J.W.); (H.L.); (A.K.); (B.A.)
| | - Imran Khan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.U.); (I.K.)
| | - Adnan Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (Y.J.W.); (H.L.); (A.K.); (B.A.)
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (Y.J.W.); (H.L.); (A.K.); (B.A.)
| | - Yachun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.S.); (Y.J.W.); (H.L.); (A.K.); (B.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Heat Stress Impairs the Physiological Responses and Regulates Genes Coding for Extracellular Exosomal Proteins in Rat. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030306. [PMID: 32183190 PMCID: PMC7140893 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is challenging in humans and animals as it is a complicated regulatory mechanism. This prompted us to characterize the physiological and molecular responses of a HS-animal model. In this study, a rat model system was developed by using three temperature treatments (40 ℃, 42 ℃, and 43 ℃) and sixteen biochemical indicators in blood at 42 ℃ for 30 min (H30), 60 min (H60), and 120 min (H120). In addition, transcriptomic profiling was carried out in H120-rats’ blood, liver, and adrenal gland samples for detection of the genes of interest. Our findings demonstrated that the adrenocorticotropic hormone, catalase, prolactin, growth hormone, and lactic acid have significant spatiotemporal variation in the H120-rats as compared with the control. Furthermore, through transcriptomic screening, we documented a high ratio of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adrenal glands, liver, and blood, respectively. Among them, Nup153, Plxnb2, Stx7, Hspa9, Chordc1, Pde4d, Gm2α, and Rnf125 were associated with the regulation of HS and immune response processes. Notably, 36 and 314 of DEGs in blood and adrenal glands were detected in the composition of the extracellular exosome, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between gene transcripts and biochemical indicator levels identified the Lgals3, S1006, Fn1,F2, and Kng1l1 as key candidate genes for HS encoding extracellular exosomal proteins. On the basis of our results, it was concluded that the current rat model provides a molecular basis for future research in HS resistance in humans and livestock.
Collapse
|