51
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Velnar T, Gradisnik L. Endplate role in the degenerative disc disease: A brief review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:17-29. [PMID: 36687189 PMCID: PMC9846967 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The degenerative disease of the intervertebral disc is nowadays an important health problem, which has still not been understood and solved adequately. The vertebral endplate is regarded as one of the vital elements in the structure of the intervertebral disc. Its constituent cells, the chondrocytes in the endplate, may also be involved in the process of the intervertebral disc degeneration and their role is central both under physiological and pathological conditions. They main functions include a role in homeostasis of the extracellular environment of the intervertebral disc, metabolic support and nutrition of the discal nucleus and annulus beneath and the preservation of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, it is understandable that the cells in the endplate have been in the centre of research from several viewpoints, such as development, degeneration and growth, reparation and remodelling, as well as treatment strategies. In this article, we briefly review the importance of vertebral endplate, which are often overlooked, in the intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Velnar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradisnik
- Alma Mater Europaea Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
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52
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Feng P, Che Y, Gao C, Zhu L, Gao J, Vo NV. Immune exposure: how macrophages interact with the nucleus pulposus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155746. [PMID: 37122738 PMCID: PMC10140429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a primary contributor to low back pain. Immune cells play an extremely important role in modulating the progression of IDD by interacting with disc nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Encased within the annulus fibrosus, healthy NP is an avascular and immune-privileged tissue that does not normally interact with macrophages. However, under pathological conditions in which neovascularization is established in the damaged disc, NP establishes extensive crosstalk with macrophages, leading to different outcomes depending on the different microenvironmental stimuli. M1 macrophages are a class of immune cells that are predominantly pro-inflammatory and promote inflammation and ECM degradation in the NP, creating a vicious cycle of matrix catabolism that drives IDD. In contrast, NP cells interacting with M2 macrophages promote disc tissue ECM remodeling and repair as M2 macrophages are primarily involved in anti-inflammatory cellular responses. Hence, depending on the crosstalk between NP and the type of immune cells (M1 vs. M2), the overall effects on IDD could be detrimental or regenerative. Drug or surgical treatment of IDD can modulate this crosstalk and hence the different treatment outcomes. This review comprehensively summarizes the interaction between macrophages and NP, aiming to highlight the important role of immunology in disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Feng
- School of Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Che
- School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Gao
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bone Setting Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Gao
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinghua Gao, ; Nam V. Vo,
| | - Nam V. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jinghua Gao, ; Nam V. Vo,
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53
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Li W, Zhao Y, Wang Y, He Z, Zhang L, Yuan B, Li C, Luo Z, Gao B, Yan M. Deciphering the sequential changes of monocytes/macrophages in the progression of IDD with longitudinal approach using single-cell transcriptome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090637. [PMID: 36817437 PMCID: PMC9929188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with intricate connections between immune infiltration and oxidative stress (OS). Complex cell niches exist in degenerative intervertebral disk (IVD) and interact with each other and regulate the disk homeostasis together. However, few studies have used longitudinal approach to describe the immune response of IDD progression. Here, we conducted conjoint analysis of bulk-RNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing, together with a series of techniques like weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), immune infiltration analysis, and differential analysis, to systematically decipher the difference in OS-related functions of different cell populations within degenerative IVD tissues, and further depicted the longitudinal alterations of immune cells, especially monocytes/macrophages in the progression of IDD. The OS-related genes CYP1A1, MMP1, CCND1, and NQO1 are highly expressed and might be diagnostic biomarkers for the progression of IDD. Further landscape of IVD microenvironment showed distinct changes in cell proportions and characteristics at late degeneration compared to early degeneration of IDD. Monocytes/macrophages were classified into five distinct subpopulations with different roles. The trajectory lineage analysis revealed transcriptome alterations from effector monocytes/macrophages and regulatory macrophages to other subtypes during the evolution process and identified monocytes/macrophage subpopulations that had rapidly experienced the activation of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. This study further proposed that personalized therapeutic strategies are needed to be formulated based on specific monocyte/macrophage subtypes and degenerative stages of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingjing Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Sports Teaching and Research, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengfei Li
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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54
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Guo W, Mu K, Li WS, Gao SX, Wang LF, Li XM, Zhao JY. Identification of mitochondria-related key gene and association with immune cells infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Genet 2023; 14:1135767. [PMID: 36968589 PMCID: PMC10030706 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1135767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and its inflammatory microenvironment can result in discogenic pain, which has been shown to stem from the nucleus pulposus (NP). Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial related genes are strictly connected to cell functionality and, importantly, it can regulate cell immune activity in response to damaged associated signals. Therefore, identification of mitochondria related genes might offer new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for IVD degeneration. In this study, we identified key genes involved in NP tissue immune cell infiltration during IVD degeneration by bioinformatic analysis. The key modules were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA). Characteristic genes were identified by random forest analysis. Then gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the signaling pathways associated with the signature genes. Subsequently, CIBERSORT was used to classify the infiltration of immune cells. Function of the hub gene was confirmed by PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. Finally, we identified MFN2 as a crucial molecule in the process of NP cell pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We speculate that the increased MFN2 expression in NP tissue along with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, NK cell and neutrophils play important roles in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
| | - Kun Mu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shun-Xing Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-Feng Wang, ; Xiao-Ming Li,
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-Feng Wang, ; Xiao-Ming Li,
| | - Jian-Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
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55
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Zhang F, Cui D, Wang K, Cheng H, Zhai Y, Jiao W, Wang Z, Cui X, Yu H. Identifification and validation of ferroptosis signatures and immune infifiltration characteristics associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Genet 2023; 14:1133615. [PMID: 36911415 PMCID: PMC9992550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1133615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis and immune infiltration play an important role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis on the interaction between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and immune microenvironment in IDD patients. Therefore, this study aims to explore the correlation between FRGs characteristics and immune infiltration in the progression of IDD. The expression profiles (GSE56081 and GSE70362) and FRGs were downloaded from the comprehensive gene expression omnibus (GEO) and FerrDb database, respectively, and the differences were analyzed using R. The intersection of IDD related differential genes (DEGs) and FRGs was taken as differentially expressed FRGs (DE-FRGs) and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was conducted. Then, we used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to screen feature genes and draw ROC curve judge the diagnostic value of key DE-FRGs. Then CIBERSORT algorithm is used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells and analyze the correlation between key DE-FRGs and immune infiltration. Based on the analysis results, we conducted single gene GSEA analysis on key DE-FRGs. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry further verified the clinical value of the results of biochemical analysis and screening. Seven key DE-FRGs were screened, including the upregulated genes NOX4 and PIR, and the downregulated genes TIMM9, ATF3, ENPP2, FADS2 and TFAP2A. Single gene GSEA analysis further elucidates the role of DE-FRGs in IDD associated with ferroptosis. Correlation analysis showed that seven key DE-FRGs were closely related to immune infiltration in the development of IDD. Finally, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining showed that NOX4, ENPP2, FADS2 and TFAP2A were statistically significant differences. In this study, we explored the connection between ferroptosis related characteristics and immune infiltration in IDD, and confirmed that NOX4, ENPP2, FADS2, and TFAP2A may become biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Di Cui
- Medical School of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Kangkang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- Medical School of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Yunlei Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaodong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
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56
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Wu XT, Wang YX, Feng XM, Feng M, Sun HH. Update on the roles of macrophages in the degeneration and repair process of intervertebral discs. Joint Bone Spine 2022; 90:105514. [PMID: 36529418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the common cause of lumbar degenerative diseases, causing severe social and economic burden. The process of IVD degeneration involves a complex of pathologic changes on both extracellular matrix degradation and resident cell apoptosis. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that macrophages play vital roles during the damage and repair process of IVD degeneration. Nevertheless, the interactions between macrophages and IVD are not well understood, even if the IVD has long been regarded as the immune privileged site. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the progress and obstacles of studies investigating the blood supply, immune response and especially macrophages during the IVD degeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Wu
- Spine department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City 225001, China; Spine Department, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing City 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- Spine department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City 225001, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Spine department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City 225001, China
| | - Min Feng
- Day treatment ward, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City 225001, China.
| | - Hui-Hui Sun
- Spine department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City 225001, China.
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57
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Song C, Cai W, Liu F, Cheng K, Guo D, Liu Z. An in-depth analysis of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1233. [PMID: 36601372 PMCID: PMC9799087 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the pathological basis of disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and other related diseases, and the lower back pain it produces lays a heavy financial burden on individuals and society. Thus, it is essential to comprehend IVDD's pathophysiology. Numerous factors, such as inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinases, are linked to IVDD pathogenesis. Despite the fact that many researches has provided explanations for the pathophysiology of IVDD, these studies are typically singular, restricted, and isolated, expound only on one or two components, and do not systematically analyze and summarize the numerous influencing elements. In addition, we discovered that the incidence of many chronic diseases in the field of orthopedics may be thoroughly and systematically defined in terms of immunological systems. In order to provide a theoretical foundation for an in-depth understanding of the pathological process of IVDD and the formulation of more effective prevention and treatment measures, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic account of the pathogenesis of IVDD from the physical to the molecular barriers of the intervertebral disc, from the nucleus pulposus tissue to the cellular to the immune-molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Weiye Cai
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Kang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Daru Guo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Zongchao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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58
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Role of Pyroptosis in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Its Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121804. [PMID: 36551232 PMCID: PMC9775394 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a progressive and multifactorial pathological process, is predominantly associated with low back pain and permanent disability. Pyroptosis is a type of lytic programmed cell death triggered by the activation of inflammasomes and caspases. Unlike apoptosis, pyroptosis is characterized by the rupture of the plasma membrane and the release of inflammatory mediators, accelerating the destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent studies have shown that pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is activated in the progression of IDD. Furthermore, targeting pyroptosis in IDD demonstrates the excellent capacity of ECM remodeling and its anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that pyroptosis is involved in the IDD process. In this review, we briefly summarize the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and the pathogenesis of IDD. We also focus on the role of pyroptosis in the pathological progress of IDD and its targeted therapeutic application.
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59
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Diwan AD, Melrose J. Intervertebral disc degeneration and how it leads to low back pain. JOR Spine 2022; 6:e1231. [PMID: 36994466 PMCID: PMC10041390 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to evaluate data generated by animal models of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration published in the last decade and show how this has made invaluable contributions to the identification of molecular events occurring in and contributing to pain generation. IVD degeneration and associated spinal pain is a complex multifactorial process, its complexity poses difficulties in the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic target to focus on of many potential candidates in the formulation of strategies to alleviate pain perception and to effect disc repair and regeneration and the prevention of associated neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Nerve ingrowth and increased numbers of nociceptors and mechanoreceptors in the degenerate IVD are mechanically stimulated in the biomechanically incompetent abnormally loaded degenerate IVD leading to increased generation of low back pain. Maintenance of a healthy IVD is, thus, an important preventative measure that warrants further investigation to preclude the generation of low back pain. Recent studies with growth and differentiation factor 6 in IVD puncture and multi-level IVD degeneration models and a rat xenograft radiculopathy pain model have shown it has considerable potential in the prevention of further deterioration in degenerate IVDs, has regenerative properties that promote recovery of normal IVD architectural functional organization and inhibits the generation of inflammatory mediators that lead to disc degeneration and the generation of low back pain. Human clinical trials are warranted and eagerly anticipated with this compound to assess its efficacy in the treatment of IVD degeneration and the prevention of the generation of low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish D. Diwan
- Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory Kolling Institute, Sydney University Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Sydney Area Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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60
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Li XC, Luo SJ, Wu F, Mu QC, Yang JH, Jiang C, Wang W, Zhou TL, Qin TD, Tan RX, Jian-Li, Huang CM, Wang MS, Bai XC. Investigation of macrophage polarization in herniated nucleus pulposus of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. J Orthop Res 2022; 41:1335-1347. [PMID: 36370141 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration and polarization during lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH) have attracted increased attention but their role remains unclear. To explore macrophage polarization in herniated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue of patients with LDH and investigate the association between cell frequency and different clinical characteristics or symptoms, we conducted a retrospective study by analyzing NP tissue samples from 79 patients. Clinical features and symptoms, using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI), were collected. The macrophage markers CD68, CCR7, CD163, and CD206; pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α; and anti-inflammatory factor IL-4 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The frequency of polarized macrophages and positivity rate of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed significant differences in some of clinical characteristics. Specifically, higher CCR7+ and TNF-α + proportions were identified in the high-intensity zone (HIZ) and the type of extrusion and sequestration NP tissue than in non-HIZ and protrude NP tissue. Higher CD206+ and IL-4+ proportion were detected in Modic changes. However, no differences in gender, age, smoking status, Pfirrmann grade, analgesic use, leg pain duration, and segments were found between groups. CD68+ , CCR7+ , and CD206+ cell proportions, and TNF-α and IL-4 showed positive associations with VAS scores preoperation. Associations between ODI and the macrophages markers were weak/insignificant. Our results indicated that macrophage polarization or macrophage-like cells contribute to LDH pathological features. Macrophage populations displaying significant associations with VAS score reflected continuous M1/M2 transition contributing to pain during LDH. These findings may contribute to enhanced/personalized pharmacological interventions for patients with LDH considering pain heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shao-Jian Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qing-Chun Mu
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Jun-Hui Yang
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tian-Li Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tan-Dan Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rong-Xiong Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jian-Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Zhanjiang, China.,Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Wang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, China
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61
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The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8671482. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8671482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is the main cause of low back pain. Traditional treatment methods cannot repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. The emergence of stem cell therapy makes it possible to regenerate and repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. At present, mesenchymal stem cells are the most studied, and different types of mesenchymal stem cells have their own characteristics. However, due to the harsh and complex internal microenvironment of the intervertebral disc, it will affect the biological behaviors of the implanted mesenchymal stem cells, such as viability, proliferation, migration, and chondrogenic differentiation, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect. This review is aimed at summarizing the influence of each intervertebral disc microenvironmental factor on the biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells, so as to provide new ideas for using tissue engineering technology to assist stem cells to overcome the influence of the microenvironment in the future.
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62
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Li XC, Luo SJ, Fan W, Zhou TL, Huang CM, Wang MS. M2 macrophage-conditioned medium inhibits intervertebral disc degeneration in a tumor necrosis factor-α-rich environment. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2488-2501. [PMID: 35170802 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the primary pathological phenomenon associated with disc degeneration; the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in this pathology. The anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of M2 macrophages on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) progression remain unknown. Here, M2 conditioned medium (M2CM) was harvested and purified from human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1) cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages, respectively; it was used for culturing human NPCs and a mouse intervertebral disc (IVD) organ culture model. NPCs and IVD organ models were divided into three groups: group 1 treated with 10% fetal bovine serum (control); group 2 treated with 10 ng/ml TNF-α; and group 3 treated with 10 ng/ml TNF-α and M2CM (coculture group). After 2-14 days, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, apoptosis, and NPC senescence were assessed. Cell proliferation was reduced in TNF-α-treated NPCs and inhibited in the M2CM co-culture treatment. Moreover, TNF-α treatment enhanced apoptosis, senescence, and expression of inflammatory factor-related genes, including interleukin-6, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5, whereas M2CM coculture significantly reversed these effects. In addition, co-culture with M2CM promoted aggrecan and collagen II synthesis, but reduced collagen Iα1 levels in TNF-α treatment groups. Using our established three-dimensional murine IVD organ culture model, we show that M2CM suppressed the inhibitory effect of TNF-α-rich environment. Therefore, co-culture with M2CM promotes cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis and inhibits inflammation, apoptosis, and NPC senescence. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of M2CM for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Li
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Jian Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Wu Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Li Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Wang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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63
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Wei B, Zhao Y, Li W, Zhang S, Yan M, Hu Z, Gao B. Innovative immune mechanisms and antioxidative therapies of intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1023877. [PMID: 36299288 PMCID: PMC9588944 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1023877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the basic pathological process of many degenerative diseases of the spine, characterized by series of symptoms, among which low back pain (LBP) is the most common symptom that patients suffer a lot, which not only makes patients and individual families bear a huge pain and psychological burden, but also consumes a lot of medical resources. IDD is usually thought to be relevant with various factors such as genetic predisposition, trauma and aging, and IDD progression is tightly relevant with structural and functional alterations. IDD processes are caused by series of pathological processes, including oxidative stress, matrix decomposition, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, abnormal proliferation, cell senescence, autophagy as well as sepsis process, among which the oxidative stress and inflammatory response are considered as key link in IDD. The production and clearance of ROS are tightly connected with oxidative stress, which would further simulate various signaling pathways. The phenotype of disc cells could change from matrix anabolism-to matrix catabolism- and proinflammatory-phenotype during IDD. Recent decades, with the relevant reports about oxidative stress and inflammatory response in IDD increasing gradually, the mechanisms researches have attracted much more attention. Consequently, this study focused on the indispensable roles of the oxidative stress and inflammatory response (especially macrophages and cytokines) to illustrate the origin, development, and deterioration of IDD, aiming to provide novel insights in the molecular mechanisms as well as significant clinical values for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Wei
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Basic Medical College, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yingjing Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihang Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yan, ; Zebing Hu, ; Bo Gao,
| | - Zebing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yan, ; Zebing Hu, ; Bo Gao,
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yan, ; Zebing Hu, ; Bo Gao,
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64
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Xia Y, Yang R, Hou Y, Wang H, Li Y, Zhu J, Fu C. Application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes from different sources in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1019437. [PMID: 36277386 PMCID: PMC9585200 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1019437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a main cause of lower back pain, leading to psychological and economic burdens to patients. Physical therapy only delays pain in patients but cannot eliminate the cause of IVDD. Surgery is required when the patient cannot tolerate pain or has severe neurological symptoms. Although surgical resection of IVD or decompression of the laminae eliminates the diseased segment, it damages adjacent normal IVD. There is also a risk of re-protrusion after IVD removal. Cell therapy has played a crucial role in the development of regenerative medicine. Cell transplantation promotes regeneration of degenerative tissue. However, owing to the lack of vascular structure in IVD, sufficient nutrients cannot be provided for transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition, dead cells release harmful substances that aggravate IVDD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively studied as an emerging therapeutic approach. EVs generated by paracrine MSCs retain the potential of MSCs and serve as carriers to deliver their contents to target cells to regulate target cell activity. Owing to their double-layered membrane structure, EVs have a low immunogenicity and no immune rejection. Therefore, EVs are considered an emerging therapeutic modality in IVDD. However, they are limited by mass production and low loading rates. In this review, the structure of IVD and advantages of EVs are introduced, and the application of MSC-EVs in IVDD is discussed. The current limitations of EVs and future applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Changfeng Fu,
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Li Z, Wu Y, Tan G, Xu Z, Xue H. Exosomes and exosomal miRNAs: A new therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:992476. [PMID: 36160436 PMCID: PMC9492865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.992476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain has been found as a major cause of global disease burden and disability. Intervertebral disc degeneration is recognized as the vital factor causing low back pain. Intervertebral disc degeneration has a complex mechanism and cannot be avoided. Traditional strategies for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration cannot meet the needs of intervertebral disc regeneration, so novel treatment methods are urgently required. Exosomes refer to extracellular vesicles that can be released by most cells, and play major roles in intercellular material transport and information transmission. MicroRNAs have been identified as essential components in exosomes, which can be selectively ingested by exosomes and delivered to receptor cells for the regulation of the physiological activities and functions of receptor cells. Existing studies have progressively focused on the role of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. The focus on this paper is placed on the changes of microenvironment during intervertebral disc degeneration and the biogenesis and mechanism of action of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs. The research results and deficiencies of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in the regulation of apoptosis, extracellular matrix homeostasis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis in intervertebral disc degeneration are primarily investigated. The aim of this paper is to identify the latest research results, potential applications and challenges of this emerging treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medcial Unversity, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Haipeng Xue,
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66
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Karpenko D, Kapranov N, Bigildeev A. Nestin-GFP transgene labels immunoprivileged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the model of ectopic foci formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:993056. [PMID: 36133916 PMCID: PMC9483855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.993056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune privileges are demonstrated for different types of quiescent stem cells of adult mammalian organisms. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are believed to have immune privileges; however, an accurate experimental confirmation hasn’t been presented. Here, we provide direct experimental evidence that MSCs of C57Black/6J murine bone marrow (BM) are immune privileged in vivo and retain their functionality after prolonged exposure to the uncompromised immune system. The BM of Nes-Gfp transgenic mice was implanted as a tissue fragment under the kidney capsule in isogenic C57Black/6J immunocompetent recipients. Nestin-Gfp strain provides a fluorescent immunogenic marker for a small fraction of BM cells, including GFP+CD45– MSCs. Despite the exposure of xenogenically marked MSCs to the fully-functional immune system, primary ectopic foci of hematopoiesis formed. Six weeks after implantation, multicolor fluorescence cytometry revealed both GFP+CD45– and GFP+CD45+ cells within the foci. GFP+CD45– cells proportion was 2.0 × 10–5 ×÷9 and it didn’t differ significantly from syngenic Nes-GFP transplantation control. According to current knowledge, the immune system of the recipients should eliminate GFP+ cells, including GFP+ MSCs. These results show that MSCs evade immunity. Primary foci were retransplanted into secondary Nes-GFP recipients. The secondary foci formed, in which CD45–GFP+ cells proportion was 6.7 × 10–5 ×÷2.2, and it didn’t differ from intact Nes-GFP BM. The results demonstrate that MSCs preserve self-renewal and retain their functionality after prolonged immune exposure. The success of this study relied on the implantation of BM fragments without prior dissociation of cells and the fact that the vast majority of implanted cells were immunologically equivalent to the recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Karpenko
- Laboratory of Physiology of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Aleksei Bigildeev, ; Karpenko Dmitriy,
| | - Nikolay Kapranov
- Immunophenotyping Department, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Bigildeev
- Laboratory of Physiology of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Aleksei Bigildeev, ; Karpenko Dmitriy,
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Luo L, Gong J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Cao J, Qin J, Zuo R, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhao P, Yang D, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Li C, Ni B, Tian Z, Liu M. Injectable cartilage matrix hydrogel loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells engineered to release exosomes for non-invasive treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 15:29-43. [PMID: 35386360 PMCID: PMC8940768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain, mainly caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is a common health problem; however, current surgical treatments are less than satisfactory. Thus, it is essential to develop novel non-invasive surgical methods for IVDD treatment. Here, we describe a therapeutic strategy to inhibit IVDD by injecting hydrogels modified with the extracellular matrix of costal cartilage (ECM-Gels) that are loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells (CESCs). After loaded with CESCs overexpressing Sphk2 (Lenti-Sphk2-CESCs) and injected near the cartilage endplate (CEP) of rats in vivo, ECM-Gels produced Sphk2-engineered exosomes (Lenti-Sphk2-Exos). These exosomes penetrated the annulus fibrosus (AF) and transported Sphk2 into the nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Sphk2 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/p-AKT pathway as well as the intracellular autophagy of NPCs, ultimately ameliorating IVDD. This study provides a novel and efficient non-invasive combinational strategy for IVDD treatment using injectable ECM-Gels loaded with CESCs that express Sphk2 with sustained release of functional exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding authors. Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaming Cao
- Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghao Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. , Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, & Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - MingHan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Significance of Immune-Related Genes in the Diagnosis and Classification of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2616260. [PMID: 36081453 PMCID: PMC9448583 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2616260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the extensive development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) research, IDD has been found to be a complex disease associated with immune-related gene (IRGs) changes. Nonetheless, the roles of IRGs in IDD are unclear. Methods In our study, 11 IRGs were chosen using differential analysis between nondisc degeneration and degenerative patients from the GEO database. Then, we utilized a random forest (RF) model to screen six candidate IRGs to predict the risk of IDD. A nomogram was developed on the basis of six candidate IRGs, and DCA showed that patients could benefit from the nomogram. Based on the selected significant IRGs, a consensus clustering approach was used to differentiate disc degeneration patients into two immune patterns (immune cluster A and B). The PCA algorithm was constructed to compute immune scores for every sample, to quantify immune patterns. The immune scores of immune cluster B patients were higher than those of immune cluster A. Results Through differential expression analysis between healthy and IDD samples, 11 significant IRGs (CTSS, S100Z, STAT3, KLRK1, FPR1, C5AR2, RLN1, IFGR2, IL2RB, IL17RA, and IL6R) were recognized through significant IRGs. The “Reverse Cumulative Distribution of Residual” and “Boxplots of Residual” indicate that the RF model has minimal residuals. The majority of samples in the model have relatively small residuals, demonstrating that the model is better. Besides, the nomogram model was constructed based on importance and the IRGs with importance scores greater than 2 (FPR1, RLN1, S100Z, IFNGR2, KLRK1, and CTSS). The nomogram model revealed that decision-making based on an established model might be beneficial for IDD patients, and the predictive power of the nomogram model was significant. In addition, we identified two different immune cluster patterns (immune cluster A and immune cluster B) based on the 11 IRGs. We found that immune cluster A had significantly higher levels of MDSC, neutrophil, plasmacytoid dendritic cell, and type 17 T helper cell expression than immune cluster B. And we calculated the score for each sample to quantify the gene patterns. The patients in immune cluster B or gene cluster B had higher immune scores than those in immune cluster A or gene cluster A. Conclusion In conclusion, IRGs play an extremely significant role in the occurrence of IDD. Our study of immune patterns may guide the strategies of prevention and treatment for IDD in the future.
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Bermudez-Lekerika P, Crump KB, Tseranidou S, Nüesch A, Kanelis E, Alminnawi A, Baumgartner L, Muñoz-Moya E, Compte R, Gualdi F, Alexopoulos LG, Geris L, Wuertz-Kozak K, Le Maitre CL, Noailly J, Gantenbein B. Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Intervertebral Disc Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:924692. [PMID: 35846355 PMCID: PMC9277224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.924692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a highly prevalent, chronic, and costly medical condition predominantly triggered by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is often caused by structural and biochemical changes in intervertebral discs (IVD) that prompt a pathologic shift from an anabolic to catabolic state, affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) production, enzyme generation, cytokine and chemokine production, neurotrophic and angiogenic factor production. The IVD is an immune-privileged organ. However, during degeneration immune cells and inflammatory factors can infiltrate through defects in the cartilage endplate and annulus fibrosus fissures, further accelerating the catabolic environment. Remarkably, though, catabolic ECM disruption also occurs in the absence of immune cell infiltration, largely due to native disc cell production of catabolic enzymes and cytokines. An unbalanced metabolism could be induced by many different factors, including a harsh microenvironment, biomechanical cues, genetics, and infection. The complex, multifactorial nature of IDD brings the challenge of identifying key factors which initiate the degenerative cascade, eventually leading to back pain. These factors are often investigated through methods including animal models, 3D cell culture, bioreactors, and computational models. However, the crosstalk between the IVD, immune system, and shifted metabolism is frequently misconstrued, often with the assumption that the presence of cytokines and chemokines is synonymous to inflammation or an immune response, which is not true for the intact disc. Therefore, this review will tackle immunomodulatory and IVD cell roles in IDD, clarifying the differences between cellular involvements and implications for therapeutic development and assessing models used to explore inflammatory or catabolic IVD environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bermudez-Lekerika
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katherine B Crump
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Nüesch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Exarchos Kanelis
- ProtATonce Ltd., Athens, Greece.,School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Ahmad Alminnawi
- GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Roger Compte
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Gualdi
- Institut Hospital Del Mar D'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- ProtATonce Ltd., Athens, Greece.,School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Liesbet Geris
- GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.,Spine Center, Schön Klinik München Harlaching Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg (Austria), Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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70
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Guo T, Zhang X, Hu Y, Lin M, Zhang R, Chen X, Yu D, Yao X, Wang P, Zhou H. New Hope for Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Microsphere-Based Delivery System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:933901. [PMID: 35928951 PMCID: PMC9343804 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.933901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) has been considered the dominant factor in low back pain (LBP), and its etiological mechanisms are complex and not yet fully elucidated. To date, the treatment of IVDD has mainly focused on relieving clinical symptoms and cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Recently, a novel microsphere-based therapeutic strategy has held promise for IVD regeneration and has yielded encouraging results with in vitro experiments and animal models. With excellent injectability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, this microsphere carrier allows for targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs, gene regulatory sequences, and other bioactive substances and supports cell implantation and directed differentiation, aiming to improve the disease state of IVD at the source. This review discusses the possible mechanisms of IVDD and the limitations of current therapies, focusing on the application of microsphere delivery systems in IVDD, including targeted delivery of active substances and drugs, cellular therapy, and gene therapy, and attempts to provide a new understanding for the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taowen Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyu Zhou, ; Xiaobo Zhang,
| | - Yicun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Maoqiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dechen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Xigu District People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyu Zhou, ; Xiaobo Zhang,
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71
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Jiang W, Glaeser JD, Salehi K, Kaneda G, Mathkar P, Wagner A, Ho R, Sheyn D. Single-cell atlas unveils cellular heterogeneity and novel markers in human neonatal and adult intervertebral discs. iScience 2022; 25:104504. [PMID: 35754733 PMCID: PMC9213722 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin, composition, distribution, and function of cells in the human intervertebral disc (IVD) have not been fully understood. Here, cell atlases of both human neonatal and adult IVDs have been generated and further assessed by gene ontology pathway enrichment, pseudo-time trajectory, histology, and immunofluorescence. Comparison of cell atlases revealed the presence of two subpopulations of notochordal cells (NCs) and their associated markers in both the neonatal and adult IVDs. Developmental trajectories predicted 7 different cell states that describe the developmental process from neonatal to adult cells in IVD and analyzed the NC’s role in the IVD development. A high heterogeneity and gradual transition of annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) in the neonatal IVD was detected and their potential relevance in IVD development assessed. Collectively, comparing single-cell atlases between neonatal and adult IVDs delineates the landscape of IVD cell biology and may help discover novel therapeutic targets for IVD degeneration. Compared scRNA-seq between human neonatal and adult IVD Identified two notochordal cell populations in adults and their novel markers Notochordal cells preserved their identity and functions into adulthood Unveiled heterogeneity of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells in human IVD
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Jiang
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Juliane D. Glaeser
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Khosrowdad Salehi
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Giselle Kaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Pranav Mathkar
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anton Wagner
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ritchie Ho
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Center for Neural Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Corresponding author
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72
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Hai B, Song Q, Du C, Mao T, Jia F, Liu Y, Pan X, Zhu B, Liu X. Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses reveal immune genes responsible for altered immune microenvironment in intervertebral disc degeneration. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1229-1242. [PMID: 35767190 PMCID: PMC9418280 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We sought to identify novel biomarkers and related mechanisms that might shape the immune infiltration in IDD, thereby providing novel perspective for IDD diagnosis and therapies. Gene expression data sets GSE124272 (for initial analysis) and GSE56081 (for validation analysis) involving samples from IDD patients and healthy controls were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Immune genes associated with IDD were identified by GSEA; module genes that exhibited coordinated expression patterns and the strongest positive or negative correlation with IDD were identified by WGCNA. The intersection between immune genes and module genes was used for LASSO variable selection, whereby we obtained pivotal genes that were highly representative of IDD. We then correlated (Pearson correlation) the expression of pivotal genes with immune cell proportion inferred by CIBERSORT algorithm, and revealed the potential immune-regulatory roles of pivotal genes on the pathogenesis of IDD. We discovered several immune-associated pathways in which IDD-associated immune genes were highly clustered, and identified two gene modules that might promote or inhibit the pathogenesis of IDD. These candidate genes were further narrowed down to 8 pivotal genes, namely, MSH2, LY96, ADAM8, HEBP2, ANXA3, RAB24, ZBTB16 and PIK3CD, among which ANXA3, MSH2, ZBTB16, LY96, PIK3CD, ZBTB16, and ADAM8 were revealed to be correlated with the proportion of CD8 T cells and resting memory CD4 T cells. This work identified 8 pivotal genes that might be involved in the pathogenesis of IDD through triggering various immune-associated pathways and altering the composition of immune and myeloid cells in IDD patients, which provides novel perspectives on IDD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qingpeng Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chuanchao Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianli Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fei Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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73
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Li J, Yu C, Ni S, Duan Y. Identification of Core Genes and Screening of Potential Targets in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:864100. [PMID: 35711934 PMCID: PMC9196128 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.864100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), characterized by diverse pathological changes, causes low back pain (LBP). However, prophylactic and delaying treatments for IDD are limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the gene network and biomarkers of IDD and suggest potential therapeutic targets. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with IDD were identified by analyzing the mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles of IDD cases from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis as well as miRNA–lncRNA–mRNA networks were conducted. Moreover, we obtained 71 hub genes and performed a comprehensive analysis including GO, KEGG, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), Disease Ontology (DO), methylation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and potential drug identification. We finally used qRT-PCR to verify 13 significant DEGs in normal and degenerative nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Results: We identified 305 DEGs closely related to IDD. The GO and KEGG analyses indicated that changes in IDD are significantly associated with enrichment of the inflammatory and immune response. GSEA analysis suggested that cell activation involved in the inflammatory immune response amide biosynthetic process was the key for the development of IDD. The GSVA suggested that DNA repair, oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisome, IL-6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, and apoptosis were crucial in the development of IDD. Among the 71 hub genes, the methylation levels of 11 genes were increased in IDD. A total of twenty genes showed a high functional similarity and diagnostic value in IDD. The result of the immune cell infiltration analysis indicated that seven genes were closely related to active natural killer cells. The most relevant targeted hub genes for potential drug or molecular compounds were MET and PIK3CD. Also, qRT-PCR results showed that ARHGAP27, C15orf39, DEPDC1, DHRSX, MGAM, SLC11A1, SMC4, and LINC00887 were significantly downregulated in degenerative NPCs; H19, LINC00685, mir-185-5p, and mir-4306 were upregulated in degenerative NPCs; and the expression level of mir-663a did not change significantly in normal and degenerative NPCs. Conclusion: Our findings may provide new insights into the functional characteristics and mechanism of IDD and aid the development of IDD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songjia Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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74
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Ottone OK, Kim C, Collins JA, Risbud MV. The cGAS-STING Pathway Affects Vertebral Bone but Does Not Promote Intervertebral Disc Cell Senescence or Degeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882407. [PMID: 35769461 PMCID: PMC9235924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway promotes the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and mediates type-I interferon inflammatory responses to foreign viral and bacterial DNA as well as self-DNA. Studies of the intervertebral disc in humans and mice demonstrate associations between aging, increased cell senescence, and disc degeneration. Herein we assessed the role of STING in SASP promotion in STING gain- (N153S) and loss-of-function mouse models. N153S mice evidenced elevated circulating levels of proinflammatory markers including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, showed elevated monocyte and macrophage abundance in the vertebral marrow, and exhibited a mild trabecular and cortical bone phenotype in caudal vertebrae. Interestingly, despite systemic inflammation, the structural integrity of the disc and knee articular joint remained intact, and cells did not show a loss of their phenotype or elevated SASP. Transcriptomic analysis of N153S tissues demonstrated an upregulated immune response by disc cells, which did not closely resemble inflammatory changes in human tissues. Interestingly, STING-/- mice also showed a mild vertebral bone phenotype, but the absence of STING did not reduce the abundance of SASP markers or improve the age-associated disc phenotype. Overall, the analyses of N153S and STING-/- mice suggest that the cGAS-STING pathway is not a major contributor to SASP induction and consequent disc aging and degeneration but may play a minor role in the maintenance of trabecular bone in the vertebrae. This work contributes to a growing body of work demonstrating that systemic inflammation is not a key driver of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Ottone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cheeho Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John A. Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Makarand V. Risbud,
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75
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Manav V, İlhan D, Mercan H, Kılıç A, Kara Polat A, Koku Aksu AE. Association between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Behçet's Disease. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15585. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.15585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vildan Manav
- Department of Dermatology University of Health Sciences, İstanbul Traihing and Research Hospital İstanbul Turkey
| | - Dilara İlhan
- Department of Dermatology University of Health Sciences, İstanbul Traihing and Research Hospital İstanbul Turkey
| | - Hilal Mercan
- Department of Biochemistry University of Health Sciences, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Kılıç
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Istanbul Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Training and Research Hospital İstanbul Turkey
| | - Asude Kara Polat
- Department of Dermatology University of Health Sciences, İstanbul Traihing and Research Hospital İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ayşe Esra Koku Aksu
- Department of Dermatology University of Health Sciences, İstanbul Traihing and Research Hospital İstanbul Turkey
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76
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Li K, Li S, Zhang H, Lei D, Lo WLA, Ding M. Computational Analysis of the Immune Infiltration Pattern and Candidate Diagnostic Biomarkers in Lumbar Disc Herniation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:846554. [PMID: 35531067 PMCID: PMC9069112 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.846554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a musculoskeletal disease that contributes to low back pain, sciatica, and movement disorder. Existing studies have suggested that the immune environment factors are the primary contributions to LDH. However, its etiology remains unknown. We sought to identify the potential diagnostic biomarkers and analyze the immune infiltration pattern in LDH. Methods The whole-blood gene expression level profiles of GSE124272 and GSE150408 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including that of 25 patients with LDH and 25 healthy volunteers. After merging the two microarray datasets, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were screened, and a functional correlation analysis was performed. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithm and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) were applied to identify diagnostic biomarkers by a cross-validation method. Then, the GSE42611 dataset was used as a validation dataset to detect the expression level of these diagnostic biomarkers in the nucleus pulposus and evaluate their accuracy. The hub genes in the network were identified by the CIBERSORT tool and the Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA). A Spearman correlation analysis between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells was conducted to further illustrate the molecular immune mechanism of LDH. Results The azurophil granule and the systemic lupus erythematosus pathway were significantly different between the healthy group and the LDH group after gene enrichment analysis. The XLOC_l2_012836, lnc-FGD3-1, and scavenger receptor class A member 5 were correlated with the immune cell infiltration in various degrees. In addition, five hub genes that correlated with LDH were identified, including AQP9, SIRPB2, SLC16A3, LILRB3, and HSPA6. Conclusion The XLOC_l2_012836, lnc-FGD3-1, and SCARA5 might be adopted for the early diagnosis of LDH. The five identified hub genes might have similar pathological mechanisms that contribute to the degeneration of the lumbar disc. The identified hub genes and immune infiltrating pattern extend the knowledge on the potential functioning mechanisms, which offer guidance for the development of therapeutic targets of LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijue Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Leung Ambrose Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Identification of SMIM1 and SEZ6L2 as Potential Biomarkers for Genes Associated with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Pyroptosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9515571. [PMID: 35578687 PMCID: PMC9107366 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9515571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Inflammatory reactions and pyroptosis play an important role in the pathology of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The aim of the present study was to investigate pyroptosis in the nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) of inflammatory induced IDD by bioinformatic methods and to search for possible diagnostic biomarkers. Methods. Gene expression profiles related to IDD were downloaded from the GEO database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between inflammation-induced IDD and non-inflammatory intervention samples. Pyroptosis genes were then searched for, and their expression in IDD was analyzed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was then used to search for modules of IDD genes associated with pyroptosis and intersected with DEGs to discover candidate genes that would be diagnostically valuable. A LASSO model was developed to screen for genes that met the requirements, and ROC curves were created to clarify the diagnostic value of the genetic markers. Ultimately, the screened genes were further validated, and their diagnostic value assessed by selecting gene sets from the GEO database. RT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of diagnostic markers in the nucleus pulposus (NP). Pan-cancer analysis was applied to demonstrate the expression and prognostic value of the screened genes in various tumors. Results. A total of 733 DEGs were identified in GSE41883 and GSE27494, which were mainly enriched in transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine, kinase signaling pathway, response to lipopolysaccharide, and other biological processes, and they were mainly related to TGF beta signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. A total of 81 genes related to pyroptosis were identified in the literature, and eight genes related to IDD were identified in the Veen diagram, namely, IL1A, IL1B, NOD2, GBP1, IL6, AK1, EEF2K, and PYCARD. Eleven candidate genes were obtained after locating the intersection of pyroptosis-related module genes and DEGs according to WGCNA analysis. A total of six valid genes were obtained after constructing a machine learning model, and five key genes were finally identified after correlation analysis. GSE23132 and GSE56081 validated the candidate genes, and the final IDD-related diagnostic markers were obtained as SMIM1 and SEZ6L2. RT-PCR results indicated that the mRNA expression of both was significantly elevated in IDD. The pan-cancer analysis demonstrated that SMIM1 and SEZ6L2 have important roles in the expression and prognosis of various tumors. Conclusion. In conclusion, this research identifies SMIM1 and SEZ6L2 as important biomarkers of IDD associated with pyroptosis, which will help to unravel the development and pathogenesis of IDD and determine potential therapeutic targets.
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78
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An update of current therapeutic approach for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A review article. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 77:103619. [PMID: 35638079 PMCID: PMC9142636 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a natural process of aging. It can cause physical, psychological, and socioeconomic impact due to the decreasing function of the spine and pain manifestation. Conservative and surgical treatment to correct symptoms and structural anomalies does not fully recover the degenerated disc. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to improve the clinical result and patient's quality of life. This paper aims to review previous studies that discussed potential novel approach in order to make effective degenerated disc restoration. We tried to briefly describe IVD, IDD, also review several promising current therapeutic approaches for degenerated disc treatment, including its relevance to the degeneration process and limitation to be applied in a clinical setting. There are generally four current therapeutic approaches that we reviewed; growth factors, small molecules, gene therapy, and stem cells. These new approaches aim to not only correct the symptoms but also restore and delay the degeneration process. Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Current Therapeutic Approach. Stem Cell Therapy.
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79
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Yu B, Zhu Z, Shen B, Lu J, Guo K, Zhao W, Wu D. MicroRNA-137 inhibits the inflammatory response and extracellular matrix degradation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human nucleus pulposus cells by targeting activin a receptor type I. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6396-6408. [PMID: 35236255 PMCID: PMC8973860 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2042987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role played by microRNA (miR)-137 in intervertebral disc degeneration via targeting activin A receptor type I (ACVR1) and the underlying mechanism. Human nucleus pulposus cells were exposed to 10 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro intervertebral disc degeneration model. ACVR1, extracellular matrix degradation-associated genes (aggrecan and collagen type II) and miR-137 levels were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting assays. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate nucleus pulposus cell viability and apoptosis. Additionally, the association between miR-137 and ACVR1 was predicted and verified using bioinformatic software and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, the secretion of inflammatory factors was analyzed via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results confirmed that ACVR1 was upregulated in lipopolysaccharide-treated nucleus pulposus cells. Lipopolysaccharide suppressed cell viability, promoted apoptosis, enhanced the secretion of inflammatory factors, and reduced aggrecan and collagen type II expression. However, these results were reversed upon ACVR1 silencing. Our data revealed that ACVR1 directly targets miR-137 and is negatively regulated by miR-137 in nucleus pulposus cells. Additionally, the miR-137 mimic promoted cell growth, reduced cell apoptosis, reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and accelerated extracellular matrix accumulation in lipopolysaccharide-exposed nucleus pulposus cells. However, ACVR1 plasmid abolished the functions of the miR-137 mimic in lipopolysaccharide-exposed nucleus pulposus cells. Together, these findings indicate that miR-137 suppresses the inflammatory response and extracellular matrix degradation in lipopolysaccharide-treated nucleus pulposus cells by targeting ACVR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiduo Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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80
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Li W, Ding Z, Zhang H, Shi Q, Wang D, Zhang S, Xu S, Gao B, Yan M. The Roles of Blood Lipid-Metabolism Genes in Immune Infiltration Could Promote the Development of IDD. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:844395. [PMID: 35223859 PMCID: PMC8864150 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.844395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Intervertebral disc degeneration is a progressive and chronic disease, usually manifesting as low back pain. This study aimed to screen effective biomarkers for medical practice as well as figuring out immune infiltration situations between circulation and intervertebral discs. Methods: Gene expression profiles of GSE124272 was included for differentially analysis, WGCNA and immune infiltration analysis from GEO database, and other GSE series were used as validation datasets. A series of validation methods were conducted to verify the robustness of hub genes, such as principal component analysis, machine learning models, and expression verification. Lastly, nomogram was established for medical practice. Results: 10 genes were commonly screened via combination of DEGs, WGCNA analysis and lipid metabolism related genes. Furthermore, 3 hub gens CYP27A1, FAR2, CYP1B1 were chosen for subsequent analysis based on validation of different methods. GSEA analysis discovered that neutrophil extracellular traps formation and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was activated during IDD. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that the imbalance of neutrophils and γδT cells were significantly correlated with IDD progression. Nomogram was established based on CYP27A1, FAR2, CYP1B1 and age, the calibration plot confirmed the stability of our model. Conclusion: CYP27A1, FAR2, CYP1B1 were considered as hub lipid metabolism related genes (LMRGs) in the development of IDD, which were regarded as candidate diagnostic biomarkers especially in circulation. The effects are worth expected in the early diagnosis of IDD through detecting these genes in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyi Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songjie Xu
- Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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81
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Li W, Zhang S, Wang D, Zhang H, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Wang M, Ding Z, Xu S, Gao B, Yan M. Exosomes Immunity Strategy: A Novel Approach for Ameliorating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:822149. [PMID: 35223870 PMCID: PMC8870130 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.822149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), which is one of the most severe medical and social problems globally, has affected nearly 80% of the population worldwide, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that happens to be the primary trigger of LBP. The pathology of IDD is based on the impaired homeostasis of catabolism and anabolism in the extracellular matrix (ECM), uncontrolled activation of immunologic cascades, dysfunction, and loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in addition to dynamic cellular and biochemical alterations in the microenvironment of intervertebral disc (IVD). Currently, the main therapeutic approach regarding IDD is surgical intervention, but it could not considerably cure IDD. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–150 nm, are secreted by various kinds of cell types like stem cells, tumor cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells; the lipid bilayer of the exosomes protects them from ribonuclease degradation and helps improve their biological efficiency in recipient cells. Increasing lines of evidence have reported the promising applications of exosomes in immunological diseases, and regarded exosomes as a potential therapeutic source for IDD. This review focuses on clarifying novel therapies based on exosomes derived from different cell sources and the essential roles of exosomes in regulating IDD, especially the immunologic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mo Wang
- The First Brigade of Basic Medical College, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ziyi Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Songjie Xu
- Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Songjie Xu, ; Bo Gao, ; Ming Yan,
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Songjie Xu, ; Bo Gao, ; Ming Yan,
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Songjie Xu, ; Bo Gao, ; Ming Yan,
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82
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Tu J, Li W, Yang S, Yang P, Yan Q, Wang S, Lai K, Bai X, Wu C, Ding W, Cooper‐White J, Diwan A, Yang C, Yang H, Zou J. Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Multicellular Ecosystem of Nucleus Pulposus during Degeneration Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103631. [PMID: 34825784 PMCID: PMC8787427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although degeneration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) is a major contributor to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and low back pain, the underlying molecular complexity and cellular heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive single-cell resolution transcript landscape of human NP is reported. Six novel human NP cells (NPCs) populations are identified by their distinct molecular signatures. The potential functional differences among NPC subpopulations are analyzed. Predictive transcripts, transcriptional factors, and signal pathways with respect to degeneration grades are explored. It is reported that fibroNPCs is the subpopulation for end-stage degeneration. CD90+NPCs are observed to be progenitor cells in degenerative NP tissues. NP-infiltrating immune cells comprise a previously unrecognized diversity of cell types, including granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs). Integrin αM (CD11b) and oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1) as surface markers of NP-derived G-MDSCs are uncovered. The G-MDSCs are found to be enriched in mildly degenerated (grade II and III) NP tissues compared to severely degenerated (grade IV and V) NP tissues. Their immunosuppressive function and alleviation effects on NPCs' matrix degradation are revealed in vitro. Collectively, this study reveals the NPC-type complexity and phenotypic characteristics in NP, thereby providing new insights and clues for IVDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Spine Labs, St. George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2217Australia
| | - Wentian Li
- Spine Labs, St. George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2217Australia
| | - Sidong Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang05000China
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Computational Systems Biology GroupChildren's Medical Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyWestmeadNSW2145Australia
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Shenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Kaitao Lai
- The ANZAC Research InstituteConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydneyNSW2139Australia
- Concord Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2139Australia
| | - Xupeng Bai
- Cancer Care CentreSt. George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Cenhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang05000China
| | - Justin Cooper‐White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Ashish Diwan
- Spine Labs, St. George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2217Australia
- Spine ServiceDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgerySt. George HospitalKogarahNew South Wales2217Australia
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWuhan Union HospitalTongji Medical SchoolHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430022China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
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83
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Maksimova M, Kotlyar Y, Shabalina A. Chronic musculoskeletal pain in degenerative changes of the spine in young and middle-aged patients. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:77-84. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212206177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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84
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Zhao X, Xu B, Duan W, Chang L, Tan R, Sun Z, Ye Z. Insights into Exosome in the Intervertebral Disc: Emerging Role for Disc Homeostasis and Normal Function. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1695-1705. [PMID: 36237988 PMCID: PMC9553858 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.75285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a chronic condition that causes great individual suffering and economic burden. The major contributor of LBP is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is caused by a spectrum of homeostasis alteration, including the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells, degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), calcification of cartilaginous endplates (CEP) and so on. Currently, the therapeutic strategy for IDD includes conservative and surgery treatment. Nevertheless, none of them could reverse the progressive destruction of the intervertebral disc. Hence, it is pivotal to pursue a new therapeutic approach. Exosomes, nano-sized substances with diameters of 30-150 nm, can be synthesized and secreted by various types of cells. They play an important role in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence implicates that exosomes could impact the intracellular transcription activities, thereby inhibiting or accelerating the proliferation and apoptosis of cells. Thus, it is a new therapeutic source for IDD. This review chiefly focuses on generalizing and clarifying the roles of exosomes in the onset and deterioration of IDD, and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Benchi Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Le Chang
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Rui Tan
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxu Ye
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
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85
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Xu H, Wei K, Tu J, Chen Y, He Y, Ding Y, Xu H, Bao X, Xie H, Fang H, Wang H. Reducing Inflammation and Vascular Invasion in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Cystathionine-γ-Lyase Inhibitory Effect on E-Selectin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:741046. [PMID: 34869327 PMCID: PMC8634256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of degenerative spinal diseases, such as cervical spondylosis and thoracic and lumbar disc herniation, is increasing. These health problems have adversely affected human life and work. Surgical intervention is effective when intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) causes nerve compression and/or severely limits daily activity. Early IDD patients generally do not require surgery. However, there is no effective method of impeding IDD progression. Thus, novel approaches to alleviating IDD deterioration are urgently required. Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and E-selectin (CD62E) are vital factors regulating vascular function and inflammation. However, their effects on IDD and vascular invasion in intervertebral discs (IVDs) are pending further exploration. Here, bioinformatics and human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues analyses revealed that CSE was significantly downregulated and CD62E was upregulated in the NP tissues of IDD patients. We demonstrated that CSE overexpression, CD62E downregulation, and NF-κB (P65) inhibition mitigate inflammation and recover metabolic function in NP cells. Similarly, CSE attenuated vascular invasion induced by inflammatory irritation. Using a rat IDD model, we showed that CSE improved degeneration, inflammation, and microvascular invasion in NP tissue, whereas CD62E had the opposite effect. Taken together, our results indicated that the CSE/CD62E pathway could effectively improve the inflammatory environment and vascular invasion in IVD. Hence, the findings of this study propose a promising and valuable strategy for the treatment of patients with early IDD as well as postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with severe IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangmengfan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huang Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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86
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Williams RJ, Tryfonidou MA, Snuggs JW, Le Maitre CL. Cell sources proposed for nucleus pulposus regeneration. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1175. [PMID: 35005441 PMCID: PMC8717099 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) occurs in 80% of adults in their lifetime; resulting in LBP being one of the biggest causes of disability worldwide. Chronic LBP has been linked to the degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The current treatments for chronic back pain only provide alleviation of symptoms through pain relief, tissue removal, or spinal fusion; none of which target regenerating the degenerate IVD. As nucleus pulposus (NP) degeneration is thought to represent a key initiation site of IVD degeneration, cell therapy that specifically targets the restoration of the NP has been reviewed here. A literature search to quantitatively assess all cell types used in NP regeneration was undertaken. With key cell sources: NP cells; annulus fibrosus cells; notochordal cells; chondrocytes; bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells; adipose-derived stromal cells; and induced pluripotent stem cells extensively analyzed for their regenerative potential of the NP. This review highlights: accessibility; expansion capability in vitro; cell survival in an IVD environment; regenerative potential; and safety for these key potential cell sources. In conclusion, while several potential cell sources have been proposed, iPSC may provide the most promising regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Williams
- Biomedical Research Centre, BiosciencesSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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87
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Zhao Y, Li A. miR-19b-3p relieves intervertebral disc degeneration through modulating PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22459-22473. [PMID: 34554926 PMCID: PMC8507280 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs contribute to regulating intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Here, we intended to probe into the function of miR-19b-3p in IVDD evolvement. The miR-19b-3p level in the intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues of IVDD patients and IL-1β/TNF-α/hydrogen peroxide-treated human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Also, qRT-PCR was conducted to examine the profiles of MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. The PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was examined by Western blot (WB). The miR-19b-3p overexpression assay was carried out, and HNPC proliferation and apoptosis were compared by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry (FCM). In addition, the mechanism of action of miR-19b-3p was clarified using the PTEN inhibitor (VO-Ohpic triphosphate) or the mTOR inhibitor (Rapamycin) on the basis of IL-1β intervention and miR-19b-3p mimics transfection. Our results testified that miR-19b-3p expression was curbed in IVD tissues of the IVDD patients (vs. normal IVD tissues) and IL-1β-, TNF-α, or hydrogen peroxide-treated HNPCs. Up-regulating miR-19b-3p enhanced HNPC proliferation and hampered its apoptosis. Moreover, miR-19b-3p dampened the PTEN profile and activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Interestingly, attenuating PTEN reduced IL-1β-, TNF-α-, or hydrogen peroxide-mediated HNPC apoptosis and up-regulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR, while inhibiting the mTOR pathway offset the protective function of miR-19b-3p. Further mechanism studies illustrated that miR-19b-3p targeted the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of PTEN and abated the PTEN level. This research confirmed that miR-19b-3p suppressed HNPC apoptosis in the in-vitro model of IVDD by regulating PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, ShanDong University, Qingdao 266035, ShanDong, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, ShanDong University, Qingdao 266035, ShanDong, China
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88
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Erario MDLÁ, Croce E, Moviglia Brandolino MT, Moviglia G, Grangeat AM. Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189946. [PMID: 34576108 PMCID: PMC8469341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone therapy has been used to treat disc herniation for more than four decades. There are several papers describing results and mechanism of action. However, it is very important to define the characteristics of extruded disc herniation. Although ozone therapy showed excellent results in the majority of spinal diseases, it is not yet fully accepted within the medical community. Perhaps it is partly due to the fact that, sometimes, indications are not appropriately made. The objective of our work is to explain the mechanisms of action of ozone therapy on the extruded disc herniation. Indeed, these mechanisms are quite different from those exerted by ozone on the protruded disc herniation and on the degenerative disc disease because the inflammatory response is very different between the various cases. Extruded disc herniation occurs when the nucleus squeezes through a weakness or tear in the annulus. Host immune system considers the nucleus material to be a foreign invader, which triggers an immune response and inflammation. We think ozone therapy modulates this immune response, activating macrophages, which produce phagocytosis of extruded nucleus pulposus. Ozone would also facilitate the passage from the M1 to M2 phase of macrophages, going from an inflammatory phase to a reparative phase. Further studies are needed to verify the switch of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Croce
- Instituto Argentino de Ozonoterapia (IAOT), Buenos Aires C1425ASG, Argentina; (M.d.l.Á.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Teresita Moviglia Brandolino
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy (CIITT), Civil Association for Research and Development of Advanced Therapies (ACIDTA), Buenos Aires C1425DKA, Argentina; (M.T.M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gustavo Moviglia
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy (CIITT), Civil Association for Research and Development of Advanced Therapies (ACIDTA), Buenos Aires C1425DKA, Argentina; (M.T.M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Aníbal M. Grangeat
- Instituto Argentino de Ozonoterapia (IAOT), Buenos Aires C1425ASG, Argentina; (M.d.l.Á.E.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-4809-3110
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89
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Glycine-Serine-Threonine Metabolic Axis Delays Intervertebral Disc Degeneration through Antioxidant Effects: An Imaging and Metabonomics Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5579736. [PMID: 34484565 PMCID: PMC8416401 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5579736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) can be described as different stages of change through biological methods, this long and complex process cannot be defined in stages by single or simple combination of biological techniques. Under the background of the development of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and the emerging metabonomics, we based on animal models and expanded to the study of clinical human degeneration models. The characteristics of different stages of IDD were analyzed by omics. Omics imaging combined with histology, cytology, and proteomics was used for screening of the intervertebral disc (IVD) of research subjects. Furthermore, mass spectrometry nontargeted metabolomics was used to explore profile of metabolites at different stages of the IDD process, to determine differential metabolic pathways and metabolites. NMR spectroscopy was used to qualitatively and quantitatively identify markers of degeneration. NMR was combined with mass spectrometry metabolomics to explore metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways were determined through protein molecular biology and histocytology of the different groups. Distinguishing advantages of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for analysis of metabolites and effective reflection of structural integrity and water molecule metabolism through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were further used to verify the macrometabolism profile during degeneration. A corresponding model of in vitro metabolomics and in vivo omics imaging was established. The findings of this study show that a series of metabolic pathways associated with the glycine-serine-threonine (Gly-Ser-Thr) metabolic axis affects carbohydrate patterns and energy utilization efficiency and ultimately delays disc degeneration through antioxidant effects.
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90
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Gkantsinikoudis N, Kapetanakis S, Magras I, Tsiridis E, Kritis A. Tissue-Engineering of Human Intervertebral Disc: A Concise Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:848-860. [PMID: 34409867 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) represents a structure of crucial structural and functional importance for human spine. Pathology of IVD institutes a frequently encountered condition in current clinical practice. Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD), the principal clinical representative of IVD pathology, constitutes an increasingly diagnosed spinal disorder associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in recent years. Despite the considerable incidence and socioeconomic burden of DDD, existing treatment modalities including conservative and surgical methods have been demonstrated to provide a limited therapeutic effect, being not capable of interrupting or reversing natural progress of underlying disease. These limitations underline the requirement for development of novel, innovative and more effective therapeutic strategies for DDD management. Within this literature framework, compromised IVD replacement with a viable IVD construct manufactured with Tissue-Engineering (TE) methods has been recommended as a promising therapeutic strategy for DDD. Existing preliminary preclinical data demonstrate that proper combination of cells from various sources, different scaffold materials and appropriate signaling molecules renders manufacturing of whole-IVD tissue-engineered constructs a technically feasible process. Aim of this narrative review is to critically summarize current published evidence regarding particular aspects of IVD-TE, primarily emphasizing in providing researchers in this field with practicable knowledge in order to enhance clinical translatability of their research and informing clinical practitioners about the features and capabilities of innovative TE science in the field of IVD-TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Gkantsinikoudis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Thessaloniki, Greece.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Stylianos Kapetanakis
- Interbalkan European Medical Center, Spine Department and Deformities, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Magras
- AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Neurosurgery, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Academic Orthopaedic Department, Thessaloniki Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, Greece.,Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Buildings A & B, Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, Greece;
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Thessaloniki, Greece.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thessaloniki, Greece;
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91
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Wang L, He T, Liu J, Tai J, Wang B, Zhang L, Quan Z. Revealing the Immune Infiltration Landscape and Identifying Diagnostic Biomarkers for Lumbar Disc Herniation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666355. [PMID: 34122424 PMCID: PMC8190407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and its inflammatory microenvironment ultimately led to discogenic pain, which is thought to originate in the nucleus pulposus (NP). In this study, key genes involved in NP tissue immune infiltration in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) were identified by bioinformatic analysis. Gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune infiltration into NP tissue between the LDH and control groups. Hub genes were identified by the WGCNA R package in Bioconductor and single-cell sequencing data was analyzed using R packages. Gene expression levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The immune infiltration profiles varied significantly between the LDH and control groups. Compared with control tissue, LDH tissue contained a higher proportion of regulatory T cells and macrophages, which are associated with the macrophage polarization process. The most significant module contained three hub genes and four subclusters of NP cells. Functional analysis of these genes was performed, the hub gene expression pattern was confirmed by PCR, and clinical features of the patients were investigated. Finally, we identified TGF-β and MAPK signaling pathways as crucial in this process and these pathways may provide diagnostic markers for LDH. We hypothesize that the hub genes expressed in the specific NP subclusters, along with the infiltrating macrophages play important roles in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration and ultimately, disc herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingkun Liu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tai
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring, Shaanxi Province Health Inspection Institution, Xi'an, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxue Quan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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92
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The Application of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Homing Capabilities to Regenerate the Intervertebral Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073519. [PMID: 33805356 PMCID: PMC8036861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (LBP) remains a challenging condition to treat, and especially to cure. If conservative treatment approaches fail, the current “gold standard” for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)-provoked back pain is spinal fusion. However, due to its invasive and destructive nature, the focus of orthopedic research related to the intervertebral disc (IVD) has shifted more towards cell-based therapeutic approaches. They aim to reduce or even reverse the degenerative cascade by mimicking the human body’s physiological healing system. The implementation of progenitor and/or stem cells and, in particular, the delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has revealed significant potential to cure the degenerated/injured IVD. Over the past decade, many research groups have invested efforts to find ways to utilize these cells as efficiently and sustainably as possible. This narrative literature review presents a summary of achievements made with the application of MSCs for the regeneration of the IVD in recent years, including their preclinical and clinical applications. Moreover, this review presents state-of-the-art strategies on how the homing capabilities of MSCs can be utilized to repair damaged or degenerated IVDs, as well as their current limitations and future perspectives.
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93
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Binch ALA, Fitzgerald JC, Growney EA, Barry F. Cell-based strategies for IVD repair: clinical progress and translational obstacles. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:158-175. [PMID: 33526926 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-00568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain, a prevalent and chronic condition that has a striking effect on quality of life. Currently, no approved pharmacological interventions or therapies are available that prevent the progressive destruction of the IVD; however, regenerative strategies are emerging that aim to modify the disease. Progress has been made in defining promising new treatments for disc disease, but considerable challenges remain along the entire translational spectrum, from understanding disease mechanism to useful interpretation of clinical trials, which make it difficult to achieve a unified understanding. These challenges include: an incomplete appreciation of the mechanisms of disc degeneration; a lack of standardized approaches in preclinical testing; in the context of cell therapy, a distinct lack of cohesion regarding the cell types being tested, the tissue source, expansion conditions and dose; the absence of guidelines regarding disease classification and patient stratification for clinical trial inclusion; and an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underpinning therapeutic responses to cell delivery. This Review discusses current approaches to disc regeneration, with a particular focus on cell-based therapeutic strategies, including ongoing challenges, and attempts to provide a framework to interpret current data and guide future investigational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joan C Fitzgerald
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emily A Growney
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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94
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LncRNA LINC00324 is upregulated in intervertebral disk degeneration and upregulates FasL in nucleus pulposus cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1995-2000. [PMID: 33511550 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 324 (LINC00324) promotes liver cancer by upregulating Fas ligand (FasL), which is a major player in intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD), indicating the involvement of LINC00324 in IDD. This study was carried out to investigate the interaction between LINC00324 and FasL in IDD. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from both IDD (n = 60) and healthy controls (n = 60). The expression of LINC00324 and FasL in plasma was determined by RT-qPCR. The interactions between LINC00324 and FasL in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were analyzed by overexpression experiments. RESULTS LINC00324 and FasL were upregulated in IDD patients, and they were positively correlated. After treatment, the expression levels of FasL and LINC00324 were significantly decreased. In NP cells, overexpression of LINC00324 increased the expression of FasL at both mRNA and protein levels, while overexpression of FasL did not affect the expression of LINC00324. CONCLUSION LINC00324 may upregulate FasL in IDD to promote disease progression.
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95
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Zhang XB, Hu YC, Cheng P, Zhou HY, Chen XY, Wu D, Zhang RH, Yu DC, Gao XD, Shi JT, Zhang K, Li SL, Song PJ, Wang KP. Targeted therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: inhibiting apoptosis is a promising treatment strategy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2799-2813. [PMID: 34220308 PMCID: PMC8241771 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial pathological process associated with low back pain (LBP). The pathogenesis is complicated, and the main pathological changes are IVD cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Apoptotic cell loss leads to ECM degradation, which plays an essential role in IDD pathogenesis. Apoptosis regulation may be a potential attractive therapeutic strategy for IDD. Previous studies have shown that IVD cell apoptosis is mainly induced by the death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway. This article mainly summarizes the factors that induce IDD and apoptosis, the relationship between the three apoptotic pathways and IDD, and potential therapeutic strategies. Preliminary animal and cell experiments show that targeting apoptotic pathway genes or drug inhibition can effectively inhibit IVD cell apoptosis and slow IDD progression. Targeted apoptotic pathway inhibition may be an effective strategy to alleviate IDD at the gene level. This manuscript provides new insights and ideas for IDD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yi-Cun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Rui-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - De-Chen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xi-Dan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jin-Tao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Shao-Long Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng-Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ke-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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96
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Tam V, Chen P, Yee A, Solis N, Klein T, Kudelko M, Sharma R, Chan WC, Overall CM, Haglund L, Sham PC, Cheah KSE, Chan D. DIPPER, a spatiotemporal proteomics atlas of human intervertebral discs for exploring ageing and degeneration dynamics. eLife 2020; 9:64940. [PMID: 33382035 PMCID: PMC7857729 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal proteome of the intervertebral disc (IVD) underpins its integrity and function. We present DIPPER, a deep and comprehensive IVD proteomic resource comprising 94 genome-wide profiles from 17 individuals. To begin with, protein modules defining key directional trends spanning the lateral and anteroposterior axes were derived from high-resolution spatial proteomes of intact young cadaveric lumbar IVDs. They revealed novel region-specific profiles of regulatory activities and displayed potential paths of deconstruction in the level- and location-matched aged cadaveric discs. Machine learning methods predicted a ‘hydration matrisome’ that connects extracellular matrix with MRI intensity. Importantly, the static proteome used as point-references can be integrated with dynamic proteome (SILAC/degradome) and transcriptome data from multiple clinical samples, enhancing robustness and clinical relevance. The data, findings, and methodology, available on a web interface (http://www.sbms.hku.hk/dclab/DIPPER/), will be valuable references in the field of IVD biology and proteomic analytics. The backbone of vertebrate animals consists of a series of bones called vertebrae that are joined together by disc-like structures that allow the back to move and distribute forces to protect it during daily activities. It is common for these intervertebral discs to degenerate with age, resulting in back pain and severely reducing quality of life. The mechanical features of intervertebral discs are the result of their proteins. These include extracellular matrix proteins, which form the external scaffolding that binds cells together in a tissue, and signaling proteins, which allow cells to communicate. However, how the levels of different proteins in each region of the disc vary with time has not been fully examined. To establish how protein composition changes with age, Tam, Chen et al. quantified the protein levels and gene activity (which leads to protein production) of intervertebral discs from young and old deceased individuals. They found that the position of different mixtures of proteins in the intervertebral disc changes with age, and that young people have high levels of extracellular matrix proteins and signaling proteins. Levels of these proteins decreased as people got older, as did the amount of proteins produced. To determine which region of the intervertebral disc different proteins were in, Tam, Chen et al. also performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the samples to correlate image intensity (which represents water content) with the corresponding protein signature. The data obtained provides a high-quality map of how the location of different proteins changes with age, and is available online under the name DIPPER. This database is an informative resource for research into skeletal biology, and it will likely advance the understanding of intervertebral disc degeneration in humans and animals, potentially leading to the development of new treatment strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen of Research Institute and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anita Yee
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nestor Solis
- Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Theo Klein
- Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mateusz Kudelko
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wilson Cw Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen of Research Institute and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, HKU-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pak C Sham
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences (CPOS), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen of Research Institute and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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97
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Intervertebral Disc and Adipokine Leptin-Loves Me, Loves Me Not. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010375. [PMID: 33396484 PMCID: PMC7795371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin—the most famous adipose tissue-secreted hormone—in the human body is mostly observed in a negative connotation, as the hormone level increases with the accumulation of body fat. Nowadays, fatness is becoming another normal body shape. Fatness is burdened with numerous illnesses—including low back pain and degenerative disease of lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD). IVD degeneration and IVD inflammation are two indiscerptible phenomena. Irrespective of the underlying pathophysiological background (trauma, obesity, nutrient deficiency), the inflammation is crucial in triggering IVD degeneration. Leptin is usually depicted as a proinflammatory adipokine. Many studies aimed at explaining the role of leptin in IVD degeneration, though mostly in in vitro and on animal models, confirmed leptin’s “bad reputation”. However, several studies found that leptin might have protective role in IVD metabolism. This review examines the current literature on the metabolic role of different depots of adipose tissue, with focus on leptin, in pathogenesis of IVD degeneration.
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98
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Notochordal-Cell-Derived Exosomes Induced by Compressive Load Inhibit Angiogenesis via the miR-140-5p/Wnt/β-Catenin Axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:1092-1106. [PMID: 33294295 PMCID: PMC7691158 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a pathological signature of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Accumulating evidence has shown that notochordal cells (NCs) play an essential role in maintaining intervertebral disc development and homeostasis with inhibitive effect on blood vessel in-growth. However, the anti-angiogenesis mechanism of NCs is still unclear. In the current study, we, for the first time, isolated NC-derived exosomes (NC-exos) and showed their increased concentration following compressive load cultures. We further found that NC-exos from 0.5 MPa compressive load cultures (0.5 MPa/NC-exos) inhibit angiogenesis via transferring high expressed microRNA (miR)-140-5p to endothelial cells and regulating the downstream Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Clinical evidence showed that exosomal miR-140-5p expression of the nucleus pulposus is negatively correlated with angiogenesis in IDD. Finally, 0.5 MPa/NC-exos were demonstrated to have a therapeutical impact on the degenerated disc with an anti-angiogenesis effect in an IDD model. Consequently, our present findings provide insights into the anti-angiogenesis mechanism of NC-exos, indicating their therapeutic potential for IDD.
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