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Gummlich L, Rabien A, Jung K, Dubiel W. Deregulation of the COP9 signalosome–cullin-RING ubiquitin-ligase pathway: Mechanisms and roles in urological cancers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1327-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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52
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Ma L, Qu L. The Function of MicroRNAs in Renal Development and Pathophysiology. J Genet Genomics 2013; 40:143-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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53
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McCormick RI, Blick C, Ragoussis J, Schoedel J, Mole DR, Young AC, Selby PJ, Banks RE, Harris AL. miR-210 is a target of hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2 in renal cancer, regulates ISCU and correlates with good prognosis. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1133-42. [PMID: 23449350 PMCID: PMC3619073 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cancer frequently harbours von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutations, leading to stabilisation of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and expression of their target genes. We investigated HIF-1 and HIF-2 in the regulation of microRNA-210 (miR-210), and its clinical relevance in renal tumours. METHODS RCC4 and 786-O renal cancer cell lines transfected with either an empty vector or functional VHL and incubated in normoxia or hypoxia were examined for miR-210 expression. Hypoxia-inducible factor siRNAs were used to examine their regulation of miR-210. Seventy-one clear cell renal tumours were sequenced for VHL mutations. Expression of miR-210, VHL, CA9, ISCU and Ki-67 were determined by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. RESULTS In addition to HIF-1 regulating miR-210 in renal cancer, HIF-2 can regulate this microRNA in the absence of HIF-1. MicroRNA-210 is upregulated in renal cancer compared with normal renal cortex tissue. MicroRNA-210 correlates negatively with its gene target ISCU at the protein and mRNA level. MicroRNA-210 correlated with positive outcome variables and negatively with Ki-67. CONCLUSION We provide further evidence of miR-210 activity in vivo, and show that high miR-210 expression is associated with better clinico-pathological prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I McCormick
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - C Blick
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - J Ragoussis
- Genomic Research Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - J Schoedel
- Oxygen Sensing Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - D R Mole
- Oxygen Sensing Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - A C Young
- Oxygen Sensing Group, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - P J Selby
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - R E Banks
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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Nguyen MP, Lee S, Lee YM. Epigenetic regulation of hypoxia inducible factor in diseases and therapeutics. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:252-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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55
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Argyropoulos C, Wang K, McClarty S, Huang D, Bernardo J, Ellis D, Orchard T, Galas D, Johnson J. Urinary microRNA profiling in the nephropathy of type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54662. [PMID: 23358711 PMCID: PMC3554645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) are particularly vulnerable to development of Diabetic nephropathy (DN) leading to End Stage Renal Disease. Hence a better understanding of the factors affecting kidney disease progression in T1D is urgently needed. In recent years microRNAs have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in many different health conditions. We hypothesized that urinary microRNA profile of patients will differ in the different stages of diabetic renal disease. METHODS AND FINDINGS We studied urine microRNA profiles with qPCR in 40 T1D with >20 year follow up 10 who never developed renal disease (N) matched against 10 patients who went on to develop overt nephropathy (DN), 10 patients with intermittent microalbuminuria (IMA) matched against 10 patients with persistent (PMA) microalbuminuria. A Bayesian procedure was used to normalize and convert raw signals to expression ratios. We applied formal statistical techniques to translate fold changes to profiles of microRNA targets which were then used to make inferences about biological pathways in the Gene Ontology and REACTOME structured vocabularies. A total of 27 microRNAs were found to be present at significantly different levels in different stages of untreated nephropathy. These microRNAs mapped to overlapping pathways pertaining to growth factor signaling and renal fibrosis known to be targeted in diabetic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Urinary microRNA profiles differ across the different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Previous work using experimental, clinical chemistry or biopsy samples has demonstrated differential expression of many of these microRNAs in a variety of chronic renal conditions and diabetes. Combining expression ratios of microRNAs with formal inferences about their predicted mRNA targets and associated biological pathways may yield useful markers for early diagnosis and risk stratification of DN in T1D by inferring the alteration of renal molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Argyropoulos
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sara McClarty
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jose Bernardo
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Demetrius Ellis
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Trevor Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David Galas
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pacific Nothwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John Johnson
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Redova M, Poprach A, Besse A, Iliev R, Nekvindova J, Lakomy R, Radova L, Svoboda M, Dolezel J, Vyzula R, Slaby O. MiR-210 expression in tumor tissue and in vitro effects of its silencing in renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:481-91. [PMID: 23150176 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common neoplasm of adult kidney accounting for about 3 % of adult malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring, short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. We determined global miRNA expression profiles of RCC and parallel renal parenchyma tissues by using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based TaqMan low-density arrays. Afterward, we validated the difference in miR-210 expression levels on the larger group of RCC patients (35 RCC versus 10 non-tumorous parenchyma samples). Functional in vitro experiments were performed on ACHN and CAKI-2 RCC cell lines transfected with miRNA-210 inhibitor. Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, scratch wound migration assay, and invasion assay (xCELLigence) were performed. We have identified original ccRCC-specific miRNA signature in clinical samples (73 miRNAs were significantly downregulated and five miRNAs upregulated (P < 0.003)). Increased expression levels of miR-210 in RCC tumor tissue were independently validated. We observed decreased viability of ACHN and CAKI-2 cells and accumulation of CAKI-2 in G2 phase of cell cycle after silencing of miR-210 expression. Downregulation of miR-210 also reduced the migratory and invasive potential of ACHN metastatic RCC cells. Moreover, we showed downregulation of HIF1a protein in both cell lines after miR-210 silencing indicating participation of miR-210 in hypoxic processes of RCC not only through regulation of its target mRNAs but also by indirect regulation of HIF1a. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show miR-210 regulatory effects on cell migration, invasive potential, and HIF1a protein in RCC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Redova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
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Metabolism of kidney cancer: from the lab to clinical practice. Eur Urol 2012; 63:244-51. [PMID: 23063455 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is increasing evidence for the role of altered metabolism in the pathogenesis of renal cancer. OBJECTIVE This review characterizes the metabolic effects of genes and signaling pathways commonly implicated in renal cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed. The search strategy included the following terms: renal cancer, metabolism, HIF, VHL. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the metabolic derangements present in renal cancer. These findings have been derived through translational, in vitro, and in vivo studies. To date, the most well-characterized metabolic features of renal cancer are linked to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) loss. VHL loss and the ensuing increase in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor affect several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Collectively, these changes promote a glycolytic metabolic phenotype in renal cancer. In addition, other histologic subtypes of renal cancer are also notable for metabolic derangements that are directly related to the causative genes. CONCLUSIONS Current knowledge of the genetics of renal cancer has led to significant understanding of the metabolism of this malignancy. Further studies of the metabolic basis of renal cell carcinoma should provide the foundation for the development of new treatment approaches and development of novel biomarkers.
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Vasudev NS, Selby PJ, Banks RE. Renal cancer biomarkers: the promise of personalized care. BMC Med 2012; 10:112. [PMID: 23016578 PMCID: PMC3521191 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of the biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been achieved in recent years. These insights have led to the introduction of novel targeted therapies, revolutionising the management of patients with advanced disease. Nevertheless, there are still no biomarkers in routine clinical use in RCC. Tools used routinely to determine prognosis have not changed over the past decade; classification remains largely morphology based; and patients continue to be exposed to potentially toxic therapy with no indication of the likelihood of response. Thus the need for biomarkers in RCC is urgent. Here, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the genetics and epigenetics of RCC, and the potential for such knowledge to provide novel markers and therapeutic targets. We highlight on-going research that is likely to deliver further candidate markers as well as generating large, well-annotated sample banks that will facilitate future studies. It is imperative that promising candidates are validated using these resources, and in subsequent prospective clinical trials, so that future biomarkers may be used in the clinic to personalize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen S Vasudev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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Martino F, Lorenzen J, Schmidt J, Schmidt M, Broll M, Görzig Y, Kielstein JT, Thum T. Circulating microRNAs are not eliminated by hemodialysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38269. [PMID: 22715378 PMCID: PMC3371001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating microRNAs are stably detectable in serum/plasma and other body fluids. In patients with acute kidney injury on dialysis therapy changes of miRNA patterns had been detected. It remains unclear if and how the dialysis procedure itself affects circulating microRNA level. Methods We quantified miR-21 and miR-210 by quantitative RT-PCR in plasma of patients with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and measured pre- and post-dialyser miRNA levels as well as their amount in the collected spent dialysate. Single treatments using the following filters were studied: F60 S (1.3 m2, Molecular Weight Cut Off (MWCO): 30 kDa, n = 8), AV 1000 S (1.8 m2, MWCO: 30 kDa, n = 6) and EMiC 2 (1.8 m2, MWCO: 40 kDa, n = 6). Results Circulating levels of miR-21 or -210 do not differ between pre- and post-dialyzer blood samples independently of the used filter surface and pore size: miR-21: F60S: p = 0.35, AV 1000 S p = 1.0, EMiC2 p = 1.0; miR-210: F60S: p = 0.91, AV 1000 S p = 0.09, EMiC2 p = 0.31. Correspondingly, only traces of both miRNAs could be found in the collected spent dialysate and ultrafiltrate. Conclusions In patients with acute kidney injury circulating microRNAs are not removed by dialysis. As only traces of miR-21 and -210 are detected in dialysate and ultrafiltrate, microRNAs in the circulation are likely to be transported by larger structures such as proteins and/or microvesicles. As miRNAs are not affected by dialysis they might be more robust biomarkers of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Martino
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Treatment Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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60
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Henrique R, Luís AS, Jerónimo C. The epigenetics of renal cell tumors: from biology to biomarkers. Front Genet 2012; 3:94. [PMID: 22666228 PMCID: PMC3364466 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell tumors (RCT) collectively constitute the third most common type of genitourinary neoplasms, only surpassed by prostate and bladder cancer. They comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with distinctive clinical, morphological, and genetic features. Epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of cancer cells and their role in renal tumorigenesis is starting to emerge. Aberrant DNA methylation, altered chromatin remodeling/histone onco-modifications and deregulated microRNA expression not only contribute to the emergence and progression of RCTs, but owing to their ubiquity, they also constitute a promising class of biomarkers tailored for disease detection, diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and prediction of response to therapy. Moreover, due to their dynamic and reversible properties, those alterations represent a target for epigenetic-directed therapies. In this review, the current knowledge about epigenetic mechanisms and their altered status in RCT is summarized and their envisaged use in a clinical setting is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Henrique
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida Porto, Portugal
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