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Abstract
The relationship between dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease is well documented. However, it is relevant to consider that cholesterol levels vary with age. Moreover, there is some controversy regarding the ability of lipid levels to predict vascular risk beyond the age of 70 years. In general, raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels as well as reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) predict risk in the elderly. There is evidence supporting the use of statins in the elderly. It is also likely that these drugs are under-used in this population.
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1102
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Athyros VG, Kakafika AI, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. CORONA, Statins, and Heart Failure: Who Lost the Crown? Angiology 2008; 59:5-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319707313882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios G. Athyros
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece,
| | - Anna I. Kakafika
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece, Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Prevention Clinic), Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free, University College Medical School, University College London (University of London), London, United Kingdom
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Prevention Clinic), Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free, University College Medical School, University College London (University of London), London, United Kingdom
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1103
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Velavan P, Loh PH, Clark A, Cleland JGF. Is the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Study in Heart Failure (CORONA) the answer to the cholesterol paradox in heart failure? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 14:55. [PMID: 18256572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7133.2008.08188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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1104
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Bermejo J, Segovia J, Alfonso F. Resumen de los ensayos clínicos presentados en las Sesiones Científicas Anuales de la American Heart Association 2007 (Orlando, EE.UU., 4-7 de noviembre de 2007). Rev Esp Cardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1157/13116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1105
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1106
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M Y Cheung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
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1107
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Bum Pyun
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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1108
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Maroo BP, Lavie CJ, Milani RV. Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Patients Following Myocardial Infarction. Drugs Aging 2008; 25:649-64. [DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200825080-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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1109
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Suzuki T, Nozawa T, Sobajima M, Igarashi N, Matsuki A, Fujii N, Inoue H. Atorvastatin-Induced Changes in Plasma Coenzyme Q10 and Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Int Heart J 2008; 49:423-33. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.49.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Suzuki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Mitsuo Sobajima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Norio Igarashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Akira Matsuki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Nozomu Fujii
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
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1110
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Jindrich S, Ondrej L, Viktor M, Zbynek P, Tomas P, Ladislav D, Jiri V, Lenka S, Miroslav S. The Profile and Prognosis of Patients Hospitalised With Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2008; 49:691-705. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.49.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludka Ondrej
- Internal Cardiology Department, University Hospital Brno
| | - Musil Viktor
- Internal Cardiology Department, University Hospital Brno
| | | | - Pavlik Tomas
- Institute of Biostatistical Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Dusek Ladislav
- Institute of Biostatistical Analysis, Masaryk University
| | - Vitovec Jiri
- Cardiology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital
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1111
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Liebson PR. ILLUMINATE-Part 2 and CORONA. PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY 2008; 11:123-126. [PMID: 18401242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7141.2008.07765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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1112
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Ramasubbu K, Estep J, White DL, Deswal A, Mann DL. Experimental and Clinical Basis for the Use of Statins in Patients With Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:415-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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1113
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Kurabayashi M, Yamazaki T, SUBARU Study Group. Superior Benefit of Aggressive Lipid-Lowering Therapy for High- Risk Patients Using Statins: the SUBARU Study -More Hypercholesterolemic Patients Achieve Japan Atherosclerosis Society LDL-C Goals with Rosuvastatin Therapy than with Atorvastatin Therapy. J Atheroscler Thromb 2008; 15:314-23. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.e567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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1114
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Abstract
Recent clinical trials recommend achieving a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of <100 mg/dl in high-risk and <70 mg/dl in very high risk patients. To attain these goals, however, many patients will need statins at high doses. The most frequent side effects related to the use of statins, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and increased levels of transaminases, are unusual. Although low and moderate doses show a favourable profile, there is concern about the tolerability of higher doses. During recent years, numerous trials to analyze the efficacy and tolerability of high doses of statins have been published. This paper updates the published data on the safety of statins at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escobar
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal Madrid, Spain
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1115
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Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the Scientific Session 2007 of the American heart association. Clin Res Cardiol 2007; 97:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-008-0625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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1116
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1117
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van den Heuvel RHH, Curti B, Vanoni MA, Mattevi A. Glutamate synthase: a fascinating pathway from L-glutamine to L-glutamate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004; 61:669-81. [PMID: 15052410 PMCID: PMC11138638 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-003-3316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate synthase is a multicomponent iron-sulfur flavoprotein belonging to the class of N-terminal nucleophile amidotransferases. It catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate into two molecules of L-glutamate. In recent years the X-ray structures of the ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase and of the a subunit of the NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase have become available. Thanks to X-ray crystallography, it is now known that the ammonia reaction intermediate is transferred via an intramolecular tunnel from the amidotransferase domain to the synthase domain over a distance of about 32A. Although ammonia channeling is a recurrent theme for N-terminal nucleophile and triad-type amidotransferases, the molecular mechanisms of ammonia transfer and its control are different for each known amidotransferase. This review focuses on the intriguing mechanism of action and self-regulation of glutamate synthase with a special focus on the structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. H. H. van den Heuvel
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Curti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M. A. Vanoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mattevi
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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