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Baker BM, Handorf AM, Ionescu LC, Li WJ, Mauck RL. New directions in nanofibrous scaffolds for soft tissue engineering and regeneration. Expert Rev Med Devices 2009; 6:515-32. [PMID: 19751124 DOI: 10.1586/erd.09.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of nanostructure and nanoscale materials for tissue engineering applications. We detail a scaffold production method (electrospinning) for the production of nanofiber-based scaffolds that can approximate many critical features of the normal cellular microenvironment, and so foster and direct tissue formation. Further, we describe new and emerging methods to increase the applicability of these scaffolds for in vitro and in vivo application. This discussion includes a focus on methods to further functionalize scaffolds to promote cell infiltration, methods to tune scaffold mechanics to meet in vivo demands and methods to control the release of pharmaceuticals and other biologic agents to modulate the wound environment and foster tissue regeneration. This review provides a perspective on the state-of-the-art production, application and functionalization of these unique nanofibrous structures, and outlines future directions in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon M Baker
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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1352
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Amstad E, Gillich T, Bilecka I, Textor M, Reimhult E. Ultrastable iron oxide nanoparticle colloidal suspensions using dispersants with catechol-derived anchor groups. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:4042-8. [PMID: 19835370 DOI: 10.1021/nl902212q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We have found catechol-derivative anchor groups which possess irreversible binding affinity to iron oxide and thus can optimally disperse superparamagnetic nanoparticles under physiologic conditions. This not only leads to ultrastable iron oxide nanoparticles but also allows close control over the hydrodynamic diameter and interfacial chemistry. The latter is a crucial breakthrough to assemble functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, e.g., as targeted magnetic resonance contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Amstad
- Laboratory of Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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1353
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Wang Z, Zhu H, Wang X, Yang F, Yang X. One-pot green synthesis of biocompatible arginine-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:465606. [PMID: 19847022 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/46/465606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A green one-step approach has been developed for the synthesis of amino-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles. The synthesis was accomplished by simply mixing FeCl2 with arginine under ambient conditions. It was found that the Fe2+/arginine molar ratio, reaction duration and temperature greatly influence the size, morphology and composition of magnetic nanoparticles. The arginine-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The results show that the prepared nanoparticles are spherically shaped with a nearly uniform size distribution and pure magnetite phase. The presence of arginine on the magnetic nanoparticle surface has been confirmed and the amount of surface arginine varies with the Fe2+/arginine molar ratio. The surface amine densities are calculated to be 5.60 and 7.84 micromol mg(-1) for magnetic nanoparticles prepared at 1:1 and 1:2 Fe2+/arginine molar ratio, respectively. The as-synthesized nanoparticles show superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and good solubility in water. In addition, using a similar synthesis procedure, we have been able to synthesize superparamagnetic manganese and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
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1354
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Nune SK, Gunda P, Thallapally PK, Lin YY, Forrest ML, Berkland CJ. Nanoparticles for biomedical imaging. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1175-94. [PMID: 19743894 PMCID: PMC3097035 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903229031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic nanoparticles are emerging as versatile tools in biomedical applications, particularly in the area of biomedical imaging. Nanoparticles 1 - 100 nm in diameter have dimensions comparable to biological functional units. Diverse surface chemistries, unique magnetic properties, tunable absorption and emission properties, and recent advances in the synthesis and engineering of various nanoparticles suggest their potential as probes for early detection of diseases such as cancer. Surface functionalization has expanded further the potential of nanoparticles as probes for molecular imaging. OBJECTIVE To summarize emerging research of nanoparticles for biomedical imaging with increased selectivity and reduced nonspecific uptake with increased spatial resolution containing stabilizers conjugated with targeting ligands. METHODS This review summarizes recent technological advances in the synthesis of various nanoparticle probes, and surveys methods to improve the targeting of nanoparticles for their application in biomedical imaging. CONCLUSION Structural design of nanomaterials for biomedical imaging continues to expand and diversify. Synthetic methods have aimed to control the size and surface characteristics of nanoparticles to control distribution, half-life and elimination. Although molecular imaging applications using nanoparticles are advancing into clinical applications, challenges such as storage stability and long-term toxicology should continue to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Nune
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, PO Box 999, MSIN K6-81, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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1355
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Xu C, Yuan Z, Kohler N, Kim J, Chung MA, Sun S. FePt nanoparticles as an Fe reservoir for controlled Fe release and tumor inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15346-51. [PMID: 19795861 PMCID: PMC2791709 DOI: 10.1021/ja905938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemically disordered face centered cubic (fcc) FePt nanoparticles (NPs) show the controlled release of Fe in low pH solution. The released Fe catalyzes H(2)O(2) decomposition into reactive oxygen species within cells, causing fast oxidation and deterioration of cellular membranes. Functionalized with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) peptide via phospholipid, the fcc-FePt NPs can bind preferentially to the human ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) that overexpresses LHRH receptors and exhibit high toxicity to these tumor cells. In contrast, the fcc-FePt NPs pre-etched in the low pH (4.8) buffer solution show nonappreciable cytotoxicity. The work demonstrates that fcc-FePt NPs may function as a new type of agent for controlled cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Zhenglong Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Nathan Kohler
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Maureen A. Chung
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Shouheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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1356
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Franke T, Schmid L, Weitz DA, Wixforth A. Magneto-mechanical mixing and manipulation of picoliter volumes in vesicles. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:2831-5. [PMID: 19967121 DOI: 10.1039/b906569p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic beads in giant unilamellar vesicles are used to facilitate magnetic manipulation, positioning, agitation and mixing of ultrasmall liquid volumes. Vesicles act as leakproof picoliter reaction vessels in an aqueous bulk solution and can be deliberately conveyed by an external magnetic field to a designated position. Upon application of an external magnetic field the beads align to form extended chains. In a rotating magnetic field chains break up into smaller fragments caused by the interplay of viscous friction and magnetic attraction. This process obeys a simple relationship and can be exploited to enhance mixing of the vesicle content and the outer solution or adjacent vesicle volumes exactly at the position of release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Franke
- University of Augsburg, Experimental Physics 1, Augsburg, Germany.
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1357
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1358
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Femtomolar detection of autoantibodies by magnetic relaxation nanosensors. Anal Biochem 2009; 392:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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1359
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Xu C, Sun S. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles as targeted probes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Dalton Trans 2009:5583-91. [PMID: 20449070 PMCID: PMC2867062 DOI: 10.1039/b900272n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have been attractive for medical diagnostics and therapeutics due to their unique magnetic properties and their ability to interact with various biomolecules of interest. The solution phase based chemical synthesis provides a near precise control on NP size, and monodisperse magnetic NPs with standard deviation in diameter of less than 10% are now routinely available. Upon controlled surface functionalization and coupling with fragments of DNA strands, proteins, peptides or antibodies, these NPs can be well-dispersed in biological solutions and used for drug delivery, magnetic separation, magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement and magnetic fluid hyperthermia. This Perspective reviews the common syntheses and controlled surface functionalization of monodisperse Fe(3)O(4)-based superparamagnetic NPs. It further outlines the exciting application potentials of these NPs in magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA. E-mail: ; Fax: +1-401-863-9046; Tel: +1-40-863-3329
| | - Shouheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA. E-mail: ; Fax: +1-401-863-9046; Tel: +1-40-863-3329
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1360
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Afkhami A, Norooz-Asl R. Removal, preconcentration and determination of Mo(VI) from water and wastewater samples using maghemite nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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1361
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Abstract
Nanomedicine is a new distinct scientific discipline that explores applications of nanoscale materials for various biomedical applications. Translational nanomedicine is undergoing rapid transition from development and evaluation in laboratory animals to clinical practices. In the future, it is anticipated that nanotechnology can provide urologists a new point of view to understand the mechanism of disease, tools for early diagnosis of the disease, and effective modality for treatment. This article summarizes some of the emerging applications of nanomedicine in urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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1362
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Xu C, Wang B, Sun S. Dumbbell-like Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles for target-specific platin delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4216-7. [PMID: 19275156 DOI: 10.1021/ja900790v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dumbbell-like Au-Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (NPs) were made and coupled with Herceptin and a platin complex. The platin-Au-Fe(3)O(4)-Herceptin NPs act as a target-specific nanocarriers for delivery of platin into Her2-positive breast cancer cells (Sk-Br3) with strong therapeutic effects. The conjugate has a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) toward Sk-Br3 cells of 1.76 microg of Pt/mL, which is lower than that needed for cisplatin (3.5 microg/mL). The work demonstrates that the dumbbell-like Au-Fe(3)O(4) NPs are promising nanocarriers for highly sensitive diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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1363
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Veiseh O, Sun C, Fang C, Bhattarai N, Gunn J, Kievit F, Du K, Pullar B, Lee D, Ellenbogen RG, Olson J, Zhang M. Specific targeting of brain tumors with an optical/magnetic resonance imaging nanoprobe across the blood-brain barrier. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6200-7. [PMID: 19638572 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based platforms have drawn considerable attention for their potential effect on oncology and other biomedical fields. However, their in vivo application is challenged by insufficient accumulation and retention within tumors due to limited specificity to the target, and an inability to traverse biological barriers. Here, we present a nanoprobe that shows an ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and specifically target brain tumors in a genetically engineered mouse model, as established through in vivo magnetic resonance and biophotonic imaging, and histologic and biodistribution analyses. The nanoprobe is comprised of an iron oxide nanoparticle coated with biocompatible polyethylene glycol-grafted chitosan copolymer, to which a tumor-targeting agent, chlorotoxin, and a near-IR fluorophore are conjugated. The nanoprobe shows an innocuous toxicity profile and sustained retention in tumors. With the versatile affinity of the targeting ligand and the flexible conjugation chemistry for alternative diagnostic and therapeutic agents, this nanoparticle platform can be potentially used for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Veiseh
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 99195, USA
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1364
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Gindy ME, Prud'homme RK. Multifunctional nanoparticles for imaging, delivery and targeting in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:865-78. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240902932908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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1365
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Kievit FM, Veiseh O, Bhattarai N, Fang C, Gunn JW, Lee D, Ellenbogen RG, Olson JM, Zhang M. PEI-PEG-Chitosan Copolymer Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Safe Gene Delivery: synthesis, complexation, and transfection. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2009; 19:2244-2251. [PMID: 20160995 PMCID: PMC2756666 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200801844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy offers the potential of mediating disease through modification of specific cellular functions of target cells. However, effective transport of nucleic acids to target cells with minimal side effects remains a challenge despite the use of unique viral and non-viral delivery approaches. Here we present a non-viral nanoparticle gene carrier that demonstrates effective gene delivery and transfection both in vitro and in vivo. The nanoparticle system (NP-CP-PEI) is made of a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (NP), which enables magnetic resonance imaging, coated with a novel copolymer (CP-PEI) comprised of short chain polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafted to the natural polysaccharide, chitosan (CP), which allows efficient loading and protection of the nucleic acids. The function of each component material in this nanoparticle system is illustrated by comparative studies of three nanoparticle systems of different surface chemistries, through material property characterization, DNA loading and transfection analyses, and toxicity assessment. Significantly, NP-CP-PEI demonstrates an innocuous toxic profile and a high level of expression of the delivered plasmid DNA in a C6 xenograft mouse model, making it a potential candidate for safe in vivo delivery of DNA for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
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1366
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Fang C, Bhattarai N, Sun C, Zhang M. Functionalized nanoparticles with long-term stability in biological media. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:1637-41. [PMID: 19334014 PMCID: PMC2883049 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200801647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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1367
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Bi F, Zhang J, Su Y, Tang YC, Liu JN. Chemical conjugation of urokinase to magnetic nanoparticles for targeted thrombolysis. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5125-30. [PMID: 19560812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombolytic therapy is an important treatment for thrombosis, a life-threatening condition in cardiovascular diseases. However, the traditional thrombolytic therapies have often been associated with the risk of severe bleeding. By conjugating urokinase with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), we have presented a strategy to control thrombolysis within a specific site. The covalent bioconjugate of urokinase and dextran-coated MNPs was synthesized and isolated. Thrombolysis by the conjugate was studied under a magnetic field in a rat arteriovenous shunt thrombosis model. The magnetic field was generated by two AlNiCo permanent magnets around the site of thrombus. The magnetic field enhanced the thrombolytic efficacy of the conjugate by 5-fold over urokinase with no reduction in plasma fibrinogen and little prolonged bleeding time. It suggested that thrombolysis had been specifically directed to the desired site by the magnetic carrier under the magnetic field. Additionally, the conjugate had a longer half-life than urokinase in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
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1368
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Melancon M, Lu W, Li C. Gold-Based Magneto/Optical Nanostructures: Challenges for In Vivo Applications in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy. MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN 2009; 34:415-421. [PMID: 20582234 PMCID: PMC2891272 DOI: 10.1557/mrs2009.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles with gold shell and iron core have unique optical and magnetic properties which can be utilized for simultaneous detection and treatment strategies. Several nanoparticles have been synthesized and shown to mediate a variety of potential applications in biomedicine, including cancer molecular optical and magnetic resonance imaging, controlled drug delivery, and photothermal ablation therapy. However, to be effective, these nanoparticles must be delivered efficiently into their targets. In this review, we will provide an updated summary of the gold-shelled magnetic nanoparticles that have been synthesized, methods for characterization, and their potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. We will also discuss the biological barriers that need to be overcome for the effective delivery of these nanoparticles. The desired nanoparticle characteristics needed to evade these biological barriers were also explained. Hopefully, this review will help researchers in designing nanoparticles by carefully choosing the optimum size, shape, surface charge, and surface coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marites Melancon
- Departments of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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1369
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Vincent A, Babu S, Heckert E, Dowding J, Hirst SM, Inerbaev TM, Self WT, Reilly CM, Masunov AE, Rahman TS, Seal S. Protonated nanoparticle surface governing ligand tethering and cellular targeting. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1203-11. [PMID: 19368374 PMCID: PMC2765572 DOI: 10.1021/nn9000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have shown tremendous potential for effective drug delivery due to their tiny size and cell membrane penetration capabilities. Cellular targeting with nanoparticles is often achieved by surface modifications followed by ligand conjugation. However, the efficiency of the nanoparticles reaching the target cells and getting internalized depends on the stability of targeting ligands and the chemical nature of the ligand nanoparticle binding. Recent advancements in nanobiomaterials research have proven the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) in protecting cells against oxidative stress. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, CNPs can be used as a potential drug carrier that can transport and release drugs to the malignant sites. Here we combine single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations to understand the interaction between transferrin, a ligand protein overexpressed in cancer cells, and CNPs. SMFS studies demonstrate an increase in the transferrin adhesion to the nanoparticles' surface with an increase in positive zeta potential of CNPs. Binding energy values obtained from DFT calculations predict an increase in bond strength between the transferrin and CNPs upon surface protonation and charge modification. Transferrin-conjugated CNPs were tested for their binding stability and preferential cellular uptake efficiency by incubating them with human lung cancer cells (A549) and normal embryo lung cells (WI-38). The results demonstrate the importance of tuning the surface properties of nanoparticles for better ligand adsorption and cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Vincent
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Suresh Babu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Eric Heckert
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Janet Dowding
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Suzanne M. Hirst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA 24060
| | - Talgat M. Inerbaev
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
- Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - William T. Self
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Christopher M. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA 24060
- Physiology, Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Artëm E. Masunov
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Talat S. Rahman
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ; Tel: (407) 592-8565; Fax:(407) 882-1462
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1370
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Barbu E, Molnàr É, Tsibouklis J, Górecki DC. The potential for nanoparticle-based drug delivery to the brain: overcoming the blood–brain barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:553-65. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240902939143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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1371
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Maurer-Jones MA, Bantz KC, Love SA, Marquis BJ, Haynes CL. Toxicity of therapeutic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:219-41. [PMID: 19193187 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.4.2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of six nanotherapeutic formulations are already approved for medical use and more are in the approval pipeline currently. Despite the massive research effort in nanotherapeutic materials, there is relatively little information about the toxicity of these materials or the tools needed to assess this toxicity. Recently, the scientific community has begun to respond to the paucity of information by investing in the field of nanoparticle toxicology. This review is intended to provide an overview of the techniques needed to assess toxicity of these therapeutic nanoparticles and to summarize the current state of the field. We begin with background on the toxicological assessment techniques used currently as well as considerations in nanoparticle dosing. The toxicological research overview is divided into the most common applications of therapeutic nanoparticles: drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. We end with a perspective section discussing the current technological gaps and promising research aimed at addressing those gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Maurer-Jones
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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1372
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Ge S, Shi X, Baker JR, Banaszak Holl MM, Orr BG. Development of a remanence measurement-based SQUID system with in-depth resolution for nanoparticle imaging. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:N177-88. [PMID: 19398816 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/10/n01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a remanence measurement method using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) to detect trace amounts of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Based on this method, a one-dimensional scanning system was established for imaging. The system was calibrated with 25 nm diameter Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs), and the sensitivity of the NPs was found to be 10 ng at a distance of 1.7 cm and the spatial resolution was approximately 1 cm. A theoretical model of this system was developed and applied to the deconvolution of scanned images of phantoms with two NP injection spots. Using the developed SQUID system, we were able to determine not only the amount and horizontal positions of the injections, but also their depths in the phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ge
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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1373
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-embedded encapsulated microbubbles as dual contrast agents of magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3882-90. [PMID: 19395082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An encapsulated microbubble (EMB) of a novel construct is proposed to enhance the magnetic resonance imaging contrast by introducing superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (mean diameter is 12 nm) into the polymer shell of the microbubble. Such microbubble vesicle has nitrogen gas in the core and its mean diameter is 3.98 microm. An in vitro MR susceptibility experiment using a phantom consisting EMBs has shown that the relationship between the transverse relaxation rate R(2) and the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle concentration in the shell (the volume fraction of EMBs is kept constant) can be fitted to a linear function and an exponentially growth function is observed between R(2) and the SPIO-inclusion microbubble concentration. The in vivo MRI experiments also show that the SPIO-inclusion microbubbles have longer contrast-enhancement duration time in rat liver than non-SPIO-inclusion microbubbles. An in vitro ultrasound imaging experiment of SPIO-inclusion microbubbles also shows that they can enhance the ultrasound contrast significantly. Additionally, the interaction between the SPIO-inclusion microbubbles and cells indicates that such microbubble construct can retain the acoustic property under the ultrasound exposure by controlling the SPIO concentration in the shell. Therefore, the proposed SPIO nanoparticle-embedded EMBs potentially can become effective MR susceptibility contrast agents while also can be good US contrast agents.
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1374
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Wang Z, Lu Y. Functional DNA directed assembly of nanomaterials for biosensing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY 2009; 19:10.1039/B813939C. [PMID: 24307758 PMCID: PMC3846351 DOI: 10.1039/b813939c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in the development of biosensors by integrating functional DNA molecules with different types of nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. On one hand, advances in nanoscale science and technology have generated nanomaterials with unique optical, electrical, magnetic and catalytic properties. On the other hand, recent progress in biology has resulted in functional DNAs, a new class of DNAs that can either bind to a target molecule (known as aptamers) or perform catalytic reactions (known as DNAzymes) with the ability to recognize a broad range of targets from metal ions to organic molecules, proteins and cells specifically. By taking advantage of the strengths in both fields, the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials have been modulated by the target recognition and catalytic activity of functional DNAs in the presence of a target analyte, resulting in a large number of colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and magnetic resonance imaging sensors for the detection of a broad range of analytes with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Str., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Str., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Fax: (+1) 217-244-3186; Tel: (+1) 217-333-2619
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1375
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Cai L, Niu G, Hu Z, Jin W, Wang J, Sun L. Polybutylcyanoacrylate magnetic nanoparticles as carriers of adriamycin. J Drug Target 2009; 17:200-6. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860802650017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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1376
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Abstract
Recent developments in nanotechnology offer researchers opportunities to significantly transform cancer therapeutics. This technology has enabled the manipulation of the biological and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials to facilitate more efficient drug targeting and delivery. Clinical investigations suggest that therapeutic nanoparticles can enhance efficacy and reduced side effects compared with conventional cancer therapeutic drugs. Encouraged by rapid and promising progress in cancer nanotechnology, researchers continue to develop novel and efficacious nanoparticles for drug delivery. The use of therapeutic nanoparticles as unique drug delivery systems will be a significant addition to current cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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1377
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Yang L, Zhu S, Hang W, Wu L, Yan X. Development of an Ultrasensitive Dual-Channel Flow Cytometer for the Individual Analysis of Nanosized Particles and Biomolecules. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2555-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shaobin Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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1378
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Chen AZ, Kang YQ, Pu XM, Yin GF, Li Y, Hu JY. Development of Fe3O4-poly(l-lactide) magnetic microparticles in supercritical CO2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 330:317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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1379
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Choi SJ, Oh JM, Choy JH. Toxicological effects of inorganic nanoparticles on human lung cancer A549 cells. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:463-71. [PMID: 19181388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many researches have shown that anionic clays can be used as delivery carriers for drug or gene molecules due to their efficient cellular uptake in vitro, and enhanced permeability and retention effect in vivo. It is, therefore, highly required to establish a guideline on their potential toxicity for practical applications. The toxicity of anionic clay, layered metal hydroxide nanoparticle, was evaluated in two human lung epithelial cells, carcinoma A549 cells and normal L-132 cells, and compared with that in other human cancer cell lines such as cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) and osteosarcoma cells (HOS). The present nanoparticles showed little cytotoxic effects on the proliferation and viability of four cell lines tested at the concentrations used (<250 microg/ml) within 48 h. However, exposing cancer cells to high concentrations (250-500 microg/ml) for 72 h resulted in an inflammatory response with oxidative stress and membrane damage, which varied with the cell type (A549>HOS>HeLa). On the other hand, the toxicity mechanism seems to be different from that of other inorganic nanoparticles frequently studied for biological and medicinal applications such as iron oxide, silica, and single walled carbon nanotubes. Iron oxide caused cell death associated with membrane damage, while single walled carbon nanotube induced oxidative stress followed by apoptosis. Silica triggered an inflammation response without causing considerable cell death for both cancer cells and normal cells, whereas layered metal hydroxide nanoparticle did not show any cytotoxic effects on normal L-132 cells in terms of inflammation response, oxidative stress, and membrane damage at the concentration of less than 250 microg/ml. It is , therefore, highly expected that the present nanoparticle can be used as a efficient vehicle for drug delivery and cancer cell targeting as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Choi
- Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials, Division of Nano Sciences BK21, Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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1380
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1381
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Jing Y, He S, Kline T, Xu Y, Wang JP. High-magnetic-moment nanoparticles for biomedicine. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:4483-4486. [PMID: 19964368 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles play an important role in biomedical applications, such as MR imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia. Nanoparticles made of high-moment materials like Fe-Co and Fe have become active in the field due to superior performance. Protected by a biocompatible shell (Au/Ag/Si/C), high-moment nanoparticles can retain their magnetic property over a long time and disperse well. By using a physical gas condensation technique, such high-moment nanoparticles and core-shell structured nanoparticles can be made and used for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jing
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, MN 55455 USA
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1382
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Esquenazi E, Yang YL, Watrous J, Gerwick WH, Dorrestein PC. Imaging mass spectrometry of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1521-34. [DOI: 10.1039/b915674g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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1383
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Yong KT, Roy I, Swihart MT, Prasad PN. Multifunctional Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Targeted Probes for Human Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 19:4655-4672. [PMID: 20305738 DOI: 10.1039/b817667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles in biological application has been rapidly advancing toward practical applications in human cancer diagnosis and therapy. Upon linking the nanoparticles with biomolecules, they can be used to locate cancerous area as well as for traceable drug delivery with high affinity and specificity. In this review, we discuss the engineering of multifunctional nanoparticle probes and their use in bioimaging and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Tye Yong
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200
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1384
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Fang C, Zhang M. Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Medical Imaging Applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY 2009; 19:6258-6266. [PMID: 20593005 PMCID: PMC2893338 DOI: 10.1039/b902182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted enormous research attention due to their unique magnetic properties that enable the detection by the non-invasive medical imaging modality-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By incorporating advanced features, such as specific targeting, multimodality, therapeutic delivery, the detectability and applicability of MNPs have been dramatically expanded. A delicate design on structure, composition and surface chemistry is essential to achieving desired properties in MNP systems, such as high imaging contrast and chemical stability, non-fouling surface, target specificity and/or multimodality. This article presents the design fundamentals on the development of MNP systems, from discussion of material selection for nanoparticle cores and coatings, strategies for chemical synthesis and surface modification and their merits and limitations, to conjugation of special biomolecules for intended functions, and reviews the recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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1385
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Joshi HM, Lin YP, Aslam M, Prasad PV, Schultz-Sikma EA, Edelman R, Meade T, Dravid VP. Effects of shape and size of cobalt ferrite nanostructures on their MRI contrast and thermal activation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2009; 113:17761-17767. [PMID: 21850276 PMCID: PMC3156095 DOI: 10.1021/jp905776g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt ferrite magnetic nanostructures were synthesized via a high temperature solution phase method. Spherical nanostructures of various sizes were synthesized with the help of seed mediated growth of the nanostructures in organic phase, while faceted irregular (FI) cobalt ferrite nanostructures were synthesized via the same method but in the presence of a magnetic field. Magnetic properties were characterized by SQUID magnetometry, relaxivity measurements and thermal activation under RF field, as a function of size and shape. The results show that the saturation magnetization of the nanostructures increases with an increase in size, and the FI nanostructures exhibit lower saturation magnetization than their spherical counterparts. The relaxivity coefficient of cobalt ferrite nanostructures increases with increase in size; while FI nanostructures show a higher relaxivity coefficient than spherical nanostructures with respect to their saturation magnetization. In the case of RF thermal activation, the specific absorption rate (SAR) of nanostructures increases with increase in the size. The contribution sheds light on the role of size and shape on important magnetic properties of the nanostructures in relation to their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrushikesh M. Joshi
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yen Po Lin
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mohammed Aslam
- Dept. of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, INDIA
| | - P. V. Prasad
- Department of Radiology, Evanston Northshore Healthcare, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | | | - Robert Edelman
- Department of Radiology, Evanston Northshore Healthcare, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Thomas Meade
- Dept. of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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1386
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Thierry B, Al-Ejeh F, Khatri A, Yuan Z, Russell PJ, Ping S, Brown MP, Majewski P. Multifunctional core–shell magnetic cisplatin nanocarriers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7348-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b911703b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1387
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1388
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Qiao R, Yang C, Gao M. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: from preparations to in vivo MRI applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b902394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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1389
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Wang B, Xu C, Xie J, Yang Z, Sun S. pH controlled release of chromone from chromone-Fe3O4 nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:14436-7. [PMID: 18839952 DOI: 10.1021/ja806519m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new strategy for coupling chromone to Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The chromone-Fe3O4 NP conjugate shows a dramatic increase in chromone solubility in cell culture medium from less than 2.5 to 633 microg/ml, leading to the enhanced chromone uptake by HeLa cells. Chromone can be released at low pH and as a result, the chromone-Fe3O4 conjugate is much more efficient in inhibiting the HeLa cell proliferation. Such chromone-Fe3O4 NPs are promising as a powerful multifunctional delivery system for both chromone-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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