101
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Kang K, Xia A, Meng F, Chunyu J, Sun X, Ren G, Yu D, Jiang X, Tang L, Xiao W, Li D. FGF21 alleviates chronic inflammatory injury in the aging process through modulating polarization of macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107634. [PMID: 33872851 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that FGF21 prolongs life span and delays the body senescence, but the mechanism is not clear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of FGF21 on hepatic senescence in aging mice and further research the mechanism. The 14-month-old male mice were administered with PBS, FGF21 or metformin once daily for 6 months. Results showed that FGF21 alleviated liver injury and inhibited accumulation of senescence markers SASP, P53 and P16 in the livers of aging mice. Subsequently we found that the aging mice treated by FGF21 showed transition of type 1 macrophages (M1) to type 2 macrophages (M2) in the livers. Next, we used THP-1 macrophages triggered by LPS to study effects of FGF21 on macrophages. Macrophages triggered by LPS exhibited features of M1, but the addition of FGF21 decreased the expression of M1 markers, and promoted the macrophages to exhibit features of M2. Results showed that the effects of FGF21 on macrophages were associated with the AMPK pathway. After adding AMPK inhibitor, the effects of FGF21 were inhibited, which was associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, co-culturing differentiated macrophages and hepatocytes, we found that the large amount of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 promoted hepatocyte senescence, which exhibited enhanced P53, P16 and β-galactosidase. This was contrary to hepatocytes co-cultured with macrophages treated by FGF21. These results indicate that FGF21 alleviates hepatic senescence injury by modulating the polarization of macrophages through the AMPK /NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Anran Xia
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Fanrui Meng
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jian Chunyu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xu Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guiping Ren
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | | | - Lei Tang
- Harbin Weike Biotechnology CO. LTD, Harbin, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Deshan Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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102
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Yoon HJ, Oh YL, Ko EJ, Kang A, Eo WK, Kim KH, Lee JY, Kim A, Chun S, Kim H, Ock MS, Cha HJ. Effects of thymosin β4-derived peptides on migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:987-993. [PMID: 34170491 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a highly conserved actin binding protein associated with the metastatic potential of tumor cells by stimulating cell migration. The role of Tβ4 and its derived fragment peptides in migration of ovarian cancer cells has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of Tβ4 and its derived fragment peptides on ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion, we applied Tβ4 and three Tβ4-derived synthetic peptides to SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. METHOD The migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells treated with Tβ4(1-43), Tβ4(1-15), Tβ4(12-26), Tβ4(23-), and untreated control were analyzed by in vitro migration and invasion assay with transwell plate. Cell proliferation assay was conducted to identify the effect of Tβ4 and its derived peptide on SKOV3 cell proliferation. The expression of Tβ4 related proteins related with cell proliferation was analyzed by Western blot after treatment with Tβ4 and its derived peptides. RESULTS Cell migration and invasion were significantly increased in Tβ4 peptide-treated SKOV3 cells compared with untreated control. All three Tβ4-derived fragment peptides including those without an actin binding site significantly stimulated migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells. Tβ4 and its derived peptide significantly stimulated SKOV3 cell proliferation and up-regulated the expression of RACK-1 protein. CONCLUSIONS The Tβ4 peptide and all of its derived fragment peptides including those without an actin binding motif stimulate migration and invasion of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. All peptides significantly increased RACK-1 expression and cell proliferation of SKOV3 cells. These results suggest that Tβ4 stimulates migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells by stimulation of cell proliferation through up-regulation of RACK-1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Lim Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Ko
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ahyun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Wan Kyu Eo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ari Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sungwook Chun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hongbae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Medical Center, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mee Sun Ock
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
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103
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Zhao X, Li H, Lyu S, Zhai J, Ji Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang H, Xu J, Fan H, Kou J, Li L, Lang R, He Q. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals heterogeneous progression and EGFR activation in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2590-2605. [PMID: 34326696 PMCID: PMC8315026 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) — a rare pathological pancreatic cancer (PC) type — has a poor prognosis due to high malignancy. To examine the heterogeneity of PASC, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiling with sample tissues from a healthy donor pancreas, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and a patient with PASC. Of 9,887 individual cells, ten cell subpopulations were identified, including myeloid, immune, ductal, fibroblast, acinar, stellate, endothelial, and cancer cells. Cancer cells were divided into five clusters. Notably, cluster 1 exhibited stem-like phenotypes expressing UBE2C, ASPM, and TOP2A. We found that S100A2 is a potential biomarker for cancer cells. LGALS1, NPM1, RACK1, and PERP were upregulated from ductal to cancer cells. Furthermore, the copy number variations in ductal and cancer cells were greater than in the reference cells. The expression of EREG, FCGR2A, CCL4L2, and CTSC increased in myeloid cells from the normal pancreas to PASC. The gene sets expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts were enriched in the immunosuppressive pathways. We demonstrate that EGFR-associated ligand-receptor pairs are activated in ductal-stromal cell communications. Hence, this study revealed the heterogeneous variations of ductal and stromal cells, defined cancer-associated signaling pathways, and deciphered intercellular interactions following PASC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shaocheng Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jialei Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhiwei Ji
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- School of Information Management and Statistics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China
| | - Xinxue Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Junming Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jiantao Kou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Zheng C, Sui B, Zhang X, Hu J, Chen J, Liu J, Wu D, Ye Q, Xiang L, Qiu X, Liu S, Deng Z, Zhou J, Liu S, Shi S, Jin Y. Apoptotic vesicles restore liver macrophage homeostasis to counteract type 2 diabetes. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12109. [PMID: 34084287 PMCID: PMC8144839 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a naturally occurring process generating plenty of apoptotic vesicles (apoVs), but the feature, fate and function of apoVs remain largely unknown. Notably, as an appealing source for cell therapy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo necessary apoptosis and release apoVs during therapeutic application. In this study, we characterized and used MSC‐derived apoVs to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice, and we found that apoVs were efferocytosed by macrophages and functionally modulated liver macrophage homeostasis to counteract T2D. We showed that apoVs can induce macrophage reprogramming at the transcription level in an efferocytosis‐dependent manner, leading to inhibition of macrophage accumulation and transformation of macrophages towards an anti‐inflammation phenotype in T2D liver. At the molecular level, we discovered that calreticulin (CRT) was exposed on the surface of apoVs to act as a critical ‘eat‐me’ signal mediating apoV efferocytosis and macrophage regulatory effects. Importantly, we demonstrated that CRT‐mediated efferocytosis of MSC‐derived apoVs contributes to T2D therapy with alleviation of T2D phenotypes including glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. These findings uncover that functional efferocytosis of apoVs restores liver macrophage homeostasis and ameliorates T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Jiachen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Di Wu
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qingyuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Lei Xiang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Siying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Zhihong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
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105
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Kalogirou EM, Tosios KI, Christopoulos PF. The Role of Macrophages in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:611115. [PMID: 33816242 PMCID: PMC8014034 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.611115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignancy worldwide, with high disease-related death rates. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of oral tumors, with surgical management remaining the treatment of choice. However, advanced and metastatic OSCC is still incurable. Thus, emphasis has been given lately in understanding the complex role of the oral tumor microenvironment (TME) in OSCC progression, in order to identify novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a major population of the OSCC TME, with bipolar role in disease progression depending on their activation status (M1 vs. M2). Here, we provide an up to date review of the current literature on the role of macrophages during oral oncogenesis, as well as their prognostic significance in OSCC survival and response to standard treatment regimens. Finally, we discuss novel concepts regarding the potential use of macrophages as targets for OSCC immunotherapeutics and suggest future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Marina Kalogirou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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106
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The prospects of nanotherapeutic approaches for targeting tumor-associated macrophages in oral cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102371. [PMID: 33662592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) is currently one of the most formidable cancers plagued by challenges like low overall survivability, lymph node associated metastasis, drug resistance, and poor diagnostics. The tumor microenvironment (TME) and its constituent stromal elements are crucial modulators of tumor growth and treatment response, more specifically so with regards to resident tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their liaison with the different stromal elements in the tumor niche (Figure 1). Interestingly, there isn't much information on TAM-targeted nanotherapy in OSCC where the first line of therapeutics for oral cancer is surgery with other therapeutics such as chemo- and radiotherapy acting only as adjuvant therapy for oral cancer. In the face of this real time situation, there have been some successful attempts at targeted therapy for OSCC cells and we believe they might elicit favorable responses against TAMs as well. Demanding our immediate attention, this review intends to provide a glimpse of the prevailing anti-TAM treatment strategies, which present great prospect for an uncharted territory like OSCC.
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107
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Anderson G. Tumour Microenvironment: Roles of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, O-GlcNAcylation, Acetyl-CoA and Melatonergic Pathway in Regulating Dynamic Metabolic Interactions across Cell Types-Tumour Microenvironment and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E141. [PMID: 33375613 PMCID: PMC7795031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the dynamic interactions of the tumour microenvironment, highlighting the roles of acetyl-CoA and melatonergic pathway regulation in determining the interactions between oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis across the array of cells forming the tumour microenvironment. Many of the factors associated with tumour progression and immune resistance, such as yin yang (YY)1 and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, regulate acetyl-CoA and the melatonergic pathway, thereby having significant impacts on the dynamic interactions of the different types of cells present in the tumour microenvironment. The association of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment may be mediated by the AhR-induced cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1-driven 'backward' conversion of melatonin to its immediate precursor N-acetylserotonin (NAS). NAS within tumours and released from tumour microenvironment cells activates the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor, TrkB, thereby increasing the survival and proliferation of cancer stem-like cells. Acetyl-CoA is a crucial co-substrate for initiation of the melatonergic pathway, as well as co-ordinating the interactions of OXPHOS and glycolysis in all cells of the tumour microenvironment. This provides a model of the tumour microenvironment that emphasises the roles of acetyl-CoA and the melatonergic pathway in shaping the dynamic intercellular metabolic interactions of the various cells within the tumour microenvironment. The potentiation of YY1 and GSK3β by O-GlcNAcylation will drive changes in metabolism in tumours and tumour microenvironment cells in association with their regulation of the melatonergic pathway. The emphasis on metabolic interactions across cell types in the tumour microenvironment provides novel future research and treatment directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- Clinical Research Communications (CRC) Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 6UT, UK
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108
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Alves A, Diel L, Ramos G, Pinto A, Bernardi L, Yates J, Lamers M. Tumor microenvironment and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A crosstalk between the inflammatory state and tumor cell migration. Oral Oncol 2020; 112:105038. [PMID: 33129055 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the inflammatory millieu in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors and the influence of macrophages related-cytokines on the tumor cell migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inflammatory protein profile and macrophage population (M2/M1 ratio) of human OSCC fragments were analyzed by proteomic analysis and flow cytometry assay respectively. To evaluate the effects of inflammation on OSCC behavior, we analyzed the role of polarized macrophages and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) on OSCC cell lines (SCC25 and Cal27) responsiveness by western blotting (cell signaling) and time-lapse (cell migration). Also, it was addressed the crosstalk of IL-6-STAT3 axis with cell migration signaling using a STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic®) and a pull down assay for the RhoGTPase Rac1 activity. RESULTS It was observed a ~2 fold predominance of M2 over M1 macrophages and a pro-inflammatory state in OSCC fragments. The M2 conditioned media increased migration speed and directionality of highly invasive OSCC cells (SCC25). OSCC cell lines were responsive to cytokine stimuli (IL6, IL-1β and TNF-α), but only IL-6 increased migration properties of OSCC cells. This effect was dependent on STAT3-phosphorylation levels, which interfered with Rac1 activation levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the inflammatory milieu might favor invasion and metastasis of OSCC by the direct effect of macrophage-related cytokines on tumor migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alves
- School of Dentistry, University Center Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Diel
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Grasieli Ramos
- School of Dentistry, University of Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Pinto
- Clayton Foundation Peptide Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, United States
| | - Lisiane Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - John Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, United States.
| | - Marcelo Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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109
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Orouei S, Saberifar S, Salami S, Hushmandi K, Najafi M. Recent advances and future directions in anti-tumor activity of cryptotanshinone: A mechanistic review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:155-179. [PMID: 33507609 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In respect to the enhanced incidence rate of cancer worldwide, studies have focused on cancer therapy using novel strategies. Chemotherapy is a common strategy in cancer therapy, but its adverse effects and chemoresistance have limited its efficacy. So, attempts have been directed towards minimally invasive cancer therapy using plant derived-natural compounds. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is a component of salvia miltiorrihiza Bunge, well-known as Danshen and has a variety of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and neuroprotective. Recently, studies have focused on anti-tumor activity of CT against different cancers. Notably, this herbal compound is efficient in cancer therapy by targeting various molecular signaling pathways. In the present review, we mechanistically describe the anti-tumor activity of CT with an emphasis on molecular signaling pathways. Then, we evaluate the potential of CT in cancer immunotherapy and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells into anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents, and elevating accumulation of anti-tumor drugs in cancer cells. Finally, we mention strategies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of CT, for instance, using nanoparticles to provide targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sima Orouei
- MSc. Student, Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Saberifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Salami
- DVM. Graduated, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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110
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Ge C, Dong J, Chu Y, Cao S, Zhang J, Wei J. LncRNA FGD5-AS1 promotes tumor growth by regulating MCL1 via sponging miR-153-3p in oral cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14355-14364. [PMID: 32675387 PMCID: PMC7425438 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FGD5-AS1 in oral cancer (OC) and to further clarify the regulation of FGD5-AS1 on miR-153-3p/MCL1 axis. Results: FGD5-AS1 was significantly increased in OC tissues and cells. Loss of FGD5-AS1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of OC cells. FGD5-AS1 acted as a sponge of miR-153-3p, and MCL1 was direct target of miR-153-3p. Forced expression of miR-153-3p or inhibition of MCL1 reversed the promoted role of FGD5-AS1 on OC cells’ migration and invasion. The in vivo tumor growth assay showed that FGD5-AS1 promoted OC tumorigenesis by regulating miR-153-3p/MCL1 axis. Conclusions: Our research revealed lncRNA FGD5-AS1 acted as an oncogene by regulating MCL1 via sponging miR-153-3p, thus providing some novel experimental basis for clinical treatment or prevention of OC. Patients and Methods: The mRNA expression of FGD5-AS1, miR-153-3p and MCL1 was detected by qRT-PCR. CCK8 assay, Edu assay, wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the FGD5-AS1/ miR-153-3p/MCL1 axis function on proliferation, migration and invasion in OC cells. Western blot was used to calculate protein level of MCL1. Luciferase assay was used to detect the binding of miR-153-3p and MCL1, FGD5-AS1and miR-153-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ge
- Department of Stomatology Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiali Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yi He Maternity Hospital, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yahui Chu
- Department of Stomatology Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sumin Cao
- Department of Stomatology Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianming Wei
- Department of Stomatology Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
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