101
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Are high-frequency oscillations better biomarkers of the epileptogenic zone than spikes? Curr Opin Neurol 2020; 32:213-219. [PMID: 30694920 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Precise localization of the epileptogenic zone is imperative for the success of resective surgery of drug-resistant epileptic patients. To decrease the number of surgical failures, clinical research has been focusing on finding new biomarkers. For the past decades, high-frequency oscillations (HFOs, 80-500 Hz) have ousted interictal spikes - the classical interictal marker - from the research spotlight. Many studies have claimed that HFOs were more linked to epileptogenicity than spikes. This present review aims at refining this statement in light of recent studies. RECENT FINDINGS Analysis based on single-patient characteristics has not been able to determine which of HFOs or spikes were better marker of epileptogenic tissues. Physiological HFOs are one of the main obstacles to translate HFOs to clinical practice as separating them from pathological HFOs remains a challenge. Fast ripples (a subgroup of HFOs, 250-500 Hz) which are mostly pathological are not found in all epileptogenic tissues. SUMMARY Quantified measures of HFOs and spikes give complementary results, but many barriers still persist in applying them in clinical routine. The current way of testing HFO and spike detectors and their performance in delineating the epileptogenic zone is debatable and still lacks practicality. Solutions to handle physiological HFOs have been proposed but are still at a preliminary stage.
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102
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Mooij AH, Frauscher B, Gotman J, Huiskamp GJM. A skew-based method for identifying intracranial EEG channels with epileptic activity without detecting spikes, ripples, or fast ripples. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 131:183-192. [PMID: 31805492 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a method for identifying intracranial EEG (iEEG) channels with epileptic activity without the need to detect spikes, ripples, or fast ripples. METHODS We compared the skew of the distribution of power values from five minutes non-rapid eye movement stage N3 sleep for the 5-80 Hz, 80-250 Hz (ripple), and 250-500 Hz (fast ripple) bands of epileptic (located in seizure-onset or irritative zone) and non-epileptic iEEG channels recorded in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. We optimized settings in 120 bipolar channels from 10 patients, compared the results to 120 channels from another 10 patients, and applied the method to channels of 12 individual patients. RESULTS The distribution of power values was more skewed in epileptic than in non-epileptic channels in all three frequency bands. The differences in skew were correlated with the presence of spikes, ripples, and fast ripples. When classifying epileptic and non-epileptic channels, the mean accuracy over 12 patients was 0.82 (sensitivity: 0.76, specificity: 0.91). CONCLUSIONS The 'skew method' can distinguish epileptic from non-epileptic channels with good accuracy and, in particular, high specificity. SIGNIFICANCE This is an easy-to-apply method that circumvents the need to visually mark or automatically detect interictal epileptic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Mooij
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jean Gotman
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Geertjan J M Huiskamp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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103
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Motoi H, Jeong JW, Juhász C, Miyakoshi M, Nakai Y, Sugiura A, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Quantitative analysis of intracranial electrocorticography signals using the concept of statistical parametric mapping. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17385. [PMID: 31758022 PMCID: PMC6874664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is a technique with which one can delineate brain activity statistically deviated from the normative mean, and has been commonly employed in noninvasive neuroimaging and EEG studies. Using the concept of SPM, we developed a novel technique for quantification of the statistical deviation of an intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) measure from the nonepileptic mean. We validated this technique using data previously collected from 123 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent resective epilepsy surgery. We determined how the measurement of statistical deviation of modulation index (MI) from the non-epileptic mean (rated by z-score) improved the performance of seizure outcome classification model solely based on conventional clinical, seizure onset zone (SOZ), and neuroimaging variables. Here, MI is a summary measure quantifying the strength of in-situ coupling between high-frequency activity at >150 Hz and slow wave at 3-4 Hz. We initially generated a normative MI atlas showing the mean and standard deviation of slow-wave sleep MI of neighboring non-epileptic channels of 47 patients, whose ECoG sampling involved all four lobes. We then calculated 'MI z-score' at each electrode site. SOZ had a greater 'MI z-score' compared to non-SOZ in the remaining 76 patients. Subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis to the combined data of all patients revealed that the full regression model incorporating all predictor variables, including SOZ and 'MI z-score', best classified the seizure outcome with sensitivity/specificity of 0.86/0.76. The model excluding 'MI z-score' worsened its sensitivity/specificity to 0.86/0.48. Furthermore, the leave-one-out analysis successfully cross-validated the full regression model. Measurement of statistical deviation of MI from the non-epileptic mean on invasive recording is technically feasible. Our analytical technique can be used to evaluate the utility of ECoG biomarkers in epilepsy presurgical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Motoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, 2320024, Japan
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Csaba Juhász
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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104
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Baumgartner C, Koren JP, Britto-Arias M, Zoche L, Pirker S. Presurgical epilepsy evaluation and epilepsy surgery. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31700611 PMCID: PMC6820825 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17714.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With a prevalence of 0.8 to 1.2%, epilepsy represents one of the most frequent chronic neurological disorders; 30 to 40% of patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy (that is, seizures cannot be controlled adequately with antiepileptic drugs). Epilepsy surgery represents a valuable treatment option for 10 to 50% of these patients. Epilepsy surgery aims to control seizures by resection of the epileptogenic tissue while avoiding neuropsychological and other neurological deficits by sparing essential brain areas. The most common histopathological findings in epilepsy surgery specimens are hippocampal sclerosis in adults and focal cortical dysplasia in children. Whereas presurgical evaluations and surgeries in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis and benign tumors recently decreased in most centers, non-lesional patients, patients requiring intracranial recordings, and neocortical resections increased. Recent developments in neurophysiological techniques (high-density electroencephalography [EEG], magnetoencephalography, electrical and magnetic source imaging, EEG-functional magnetic resonance imaging [EEG-fMRI], and recording of pathological high-frequency oscillations), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (ultra-high-field imaging at 7 Tesla, novel imaging acquisition protocols, and advanced image analysis [post-processing] techniques), functional imaging (positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography co-registered to MRI), and fMRI significantly improved non-invasive presurgical evaluation and have opened the option of epilepsy surgery to patients previously not considered surgical candidates. Technical improvements of resective surgery techniques facilitate successful and safe operations in highly delicate brain areas like the perisylvian area in operculoinsular epilepsy. Novel less-invasive surgical techniques include stereotactic radiosurgery, MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy, and stereotactic intracerebral EEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Baumgartner
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenhügel, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes P Koren
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenhügel, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Britto-Arias
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenhügel, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea Zoche
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenhügel, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Pirker
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenhügel, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria
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105
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Müller M, Caporro M, Gast H, Pollo C, Wiest R, Schindler K, Rummel C. Linear and nonlinear interrelations show fundamentally distinct network structure in preictal intracranial EEG of epilepsy patients. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:467-483. [PMID: 31625670 PMCID: PMC7268049 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resection of the seizure generating tissue can be highly beneficial in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, only about half of all patients undergoing surgery get permanently and completely seizure free. Investigating the dependences between intracranial EEG signals adds a multivariate perspective largely unavailable to visual EEG analysis, which is the current clinical practice. We examined linear and nonlinear interrelations between intracranial EEG signals regarding their spatial distribution and network characteristics. The analyzed signals were recorded immediately before clinical seizure onset in epilepsy patients who received a standardized electrode implantation targeting the mesiotemporal structures. The linear interrelation networks were predominantly locally connected and highly reproducible between patients. In contrast, the nonlinear networks had a clearly centralized structure, which was specific for the individual pathology. The nonlinear interrelations were overrepresented in the focal hemisphere and in patients with no or only rare seizures after surgery specifically in the resected tissue. Connections to the outside were predominantly nonlinear. In all patients without worthwhile improvement after resective treatment, tissue producing strong nonlinear interrelations was left untouched by surgery. Our findings indicate that linear and nonlinear interrelations play fundamentally different roles in preictal intracranial EEG. Moreover, they suggest nonlinear signal interrelations to be a marker of epileptogenic tissue and not a characteristic of the mesiotemporal structures. Our results corroborate the network-based nature of epilepsy and suggest the application of network analysis to support the planning of resective epilepsy surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Müller
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Caporro
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heidemarie Gast
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pollo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rummel
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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106
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Focal cortical dysplasia II-related seizures originate from the bottom of the dysplastic sulcus: A stereoelectroencephalography study. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1596-1603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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107
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Pizarro D, Ilyas A, Chaitanya G, Toth E, Irannejad A, Romeo A, Riley KO, Iasemidis L, Pati S. Spectral organization of focal seizures within the thalamotemporal network. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1836-1848. [PMID: 31468745 PMCID: PMC6764631 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate dynamic changes in neural activity between the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) and the seizure onset zone (SOZ) in patients with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on anatomic location, seizure subtype, and state of vigilance (SOV). Methods Eleven patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography for seizure localization were recruited prospectively for local field potential (LFP) recording directly from the ANT. The SOZ was identified using line length and epileptogenicity index. Changes in power spectral density (PSD) were compared between the two anatomic sites as seizures (N = 53) transitioned from interictal baseline to the posttermination stage. Results At baseline, the thalamic LFPs were significantly lower and distinct from the SOZ with the presence of higher power in the fast ripple band (P < 0.001). Temporal changes in ictal power of neural activity within ANT mimic those of the SOZ, are increased significantly at seizure onset (P < 0.05), and are distinct for seizures that impaired awareness or that secondarily generalized (P < 0.05). The onset of seizure was preceded by a decrease in the mean power spectral density (PSD) in ANT and SOZ (P < 0.05). Neural activity correlated with different states of vigilance at seizure onset within the ANT but not in the SOZ (P = 0.005). Interpretation The ANT can be recruited at the onset of mesial temporal lobe seizures, and the recruitment pattern differs with seizure subtypes. Furthermore, changes in neural dynamics precede seizure onset and are widespread to involve temporo‐thalamic regions, thereby providing an opportunity to intervene early with closed‐loop DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pizarro
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Epilepsy and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adeel Ilyas
- Epilepsy and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ganne Chaitanya
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Epilepsy and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Emilia Toth
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Epilepsy and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Auriana Irannejad
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Epilepsy and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Andrew Romeo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kristen O Riley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Leonidas Iasemidis
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana
| | - Sandipan Pati
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Epilepsy and Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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108
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Lee S, Issa NP, Rose S, Tao JX, Warnke PC, Towle VL, van Drongelen W, Wu S. DC shifts, high frequency oscillations, ripples and fast ripples in relation to the seizure onset zone. Seizure 2019; 77:52-58. [PMID: 31101405 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to improve epilepsy surgery outcomes have led to increased interest in the study of electroencephalographic oscillations outside the conventional EEG bands. These include fast activity above the gamma band, known as high frequency oscillations (HFOs), and infraslow activity (ISA) below the delta band, sometimes referred to as direct current (DC) or ictal baseline shifts (IBS). HFOs in particular have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for epileptogenic tissue in light of evidence showing that resection of brain tissue containing HFOs is associated with good surgical outcomes. Not all HFOs are conclusively pathological, however, as they can be recorded in nonepileptic tissue and induced by cognitive, visual, or motor tasks. Consequently, efforts to distinguish between pathological and physiological HFOs have identified several traits specific to pathological HFOs, such as coupling with interictal spikes, association with delta waves, and stereotypical morphologies. On the opposite end of the EEG spectrum, sub-delta oscillations have been shown to co-localize with the seizure onset zones (SOZ) and appear in a narrower spatial distribution than activity in the conventional EEG frequency bands. In this report, we review studies that implicate HFOs and ISA in ictogenesis and discuss current limitations such as inter-observer variability and poor standardization of recording techniques. Furthermore, we propose that HFOs and ISA should be analyzed in addition to activity in the conventional EEG band during intracranial presurgical EEG monitoring to identify the best possible surgical margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA; Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Naoum P Issa
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Sandra Rose
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - James X Tao
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Peter C Warnke
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Vernon L Towle
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA; Committee on Computational Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Wim van Drongelen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA; Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA; Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA; Committee on Computational Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Shasha Wu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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109
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Weiss SA, Waldman Z, Raimondo F, Slezak D, Donmez M, Worrell G, Bragin A, Engel J, Staba R, Sperling M. Localizing epileptogenic regions using high-frequency oscillations and machine learning. Biomark Med 2019; 13:409-418. [PMID: 31044598 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological high frequency oscillations (HFOs) are putative neurophysiological biomarkers of epileptogenic brain tissue. Utilizing HFOs for epilepsy surgery planning offers the promise of improved seizure outcomes for patients with medically refractory epilepsy. This review discusses possible machine learning strategies that can be applied to HFO biomarkers to better identify epileptogenic regions. We discuss the role of HFO rate, and utilizing features such as explicit HFO properties (spectral content, duration, and power) and phase-amplitude coupling for distinguishing pathological HFO (pHFO) events from physiological HFO events. In addition, the review highlights the importance of neuroanatomical localization in machine learning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennan A Weiss
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Zachary Waldman
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Federico Raimondo
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Research in Computer Science, National Scientific & Technical Research Council, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Slezak
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Research in Computer Science, National Scientific & Technical Research Council, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mustafa Donmez
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Gregory Worrell
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Systems Electrophysiology Laboratory (MSEL), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Anatol Bragin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jerome Engel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard Staba
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Sperling
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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110
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Kramer MA, Ostrowski LM, Song DY, Thorn EL, Stoyell SM, Parnes M, Chinappen D, Xiao G, Eden UT, Staley KJ, Stufflebeam SM, Chu CJ. Scalp recorded spike ripples predict seizure risk in childhood epilepsy better than spikes. Brain 2019; 142:1296-1309. [PMID: 30907404 PMCID: PMC6487332 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, brief bursts of fast oscillations in the ripple range have been identified in the scalp EEG as a promising non-invasive biomarker for epilepsy. However, investigation and clinical application of this biomarker have been limited because standard approaches to identify these brief, low amplitude events are difficult, time consuming, and subjective. Recent studies have demonstrated that ripples co-occurring with epileptiform discharges ('spike ripple events') are easier to detect than ripples alone and have greater pathological significance. Here, we used objective techniques to quantify spike ripples and test whether this biomarker predicts seizure risk in childhood epilepsy. We evaluated spike ripples in scalp EEG recordings from a prospective cohort of children with a self-limited epilepsy syndrome, benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, and healthy control children. We compared the rate of spike ripples between children with epilepsy and healthy controls, and between children with epilepsy during periods of active disease (active, within 1 year of seizure) and after a period of sustained seizure-freedom (seizure-free, >1 year without seizure), using semi-automated and automated detection techniques. Spike ripple rate was higher in subjects with active epilepsy compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0018) or subjects with epilepsy who were seizure-free ON or OFF medication (P = 0.0018). Among epilepsy subjects with spike ripples, each month seizure-free decreased the odds of a spike ripple by a factor of 0.66 [95% confidence interval (0.47, 0.91), P = 0.021]. Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of the presence of at least one spike ripple versus a classic spike event to identify group, we found comparable sensitivity and negative predictive value, but greater specificity and positive predictive value of spike ripples compared to spikes (P = 0.016 and P = 0.006, respectively). We found qualitatively consistent results using a fully automated spike ripple detector, including comparison with an automated spike detector. We conclude that scalp spike ripple events identify disease and track with seizure risk in this epilepsy population, using both semi-automated and fully automated detection methods, and that this biomarker outperforms analysis of spikes alone in categorizing seizure risk. These data provide evidence that spike ripples are a specific non-invasive biomarker for seizure risk in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and support future work to evaluate the utility of this biomarker to guide medication trials and tapers in these children and predict seizure risk in other at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Kramer
- Boston University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren M Ostrowski
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Y Song
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily L Thorn
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally M Stoyell
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - McKenna Parnes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Grace Xiao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Uri T Eden
- Boston University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J Staley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Stufflebeam
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Chu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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111
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González Otárula KA, von Ellenrieder N, Cuello-Oderiz C, Dubeau F, Gotman J. High-Frequency Oscillation Networks and Surgical Outcome in Adult Focal Epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:485-494. [PMID: 30786048 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) show spatiotemporal propagation and assess the relevance of the earliest oscillations in relation to the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and postsurgical outcome. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) of patients who became seizure free after subsequent surgery. We marked HFOs during 1 hour of recordings. We calculated the time delay between pairs of channels as the median delay between their HFOs and constructed a time line of the delay of each channel with respect to the earliest channel (first source channel). A network was defined when a temporal order could be established among the channels based on the existence of statistically significant delays. RESULTS Fifteen patients with good surgical outcome were included. We found ripple networks in all patients, and fast ripple networks in 9. For ripples, first source channels were found in a higher proportion in the SOZ than the rest of the network channels (15 of 27 [56%] versus 93 of 262 [35%]; p = 0.04). For both ripples and fast ripples, first source channels were resected more often that the rest of the network channels (ripples: 13 of 27 [48%] versus 65 of 262 [25%]; p = 0.01; fast ripples: 8 of 9 [89%] versus 17 of 40 [43%]; p = 0.002); channels with the highest rates of ripples and fast ripples were resected in a similar proportion. INTERPRETATION These results demonstrate that interictal HFOs are organized in networks and indicate a possible need for the resection of first source channels. However, resecting them is not superior to resecting channels with highest rates of HFOs. Ann Neurol 2019;85:485-494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A González Otárula
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Nicolás von Ellenrieder
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carolina Cuello-Oderiz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - François Dubeau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Gotman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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High frequency oscillations as markers of epileptogenic tissue - End of the party? Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:624-626. [PMID: 30870797 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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113
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Thomschewski A, Hincapié AS, Frauscher B. Localization of the Epileptogenic Zone Using High Frequency Oscillations. Front Neurol 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 30804887 PMCID: PMC6378911 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, surgery is the therapy of choice in order to achieve seizure freedom. Epilepsy surgery foremost requires the identification of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), defined as the brain area indispensable for seizure generation. The current gold standard for identification of the EZ is the seizure-onset zone (SOZ). The fact, however that surgical outcomes are unfavorable in 40-50% of well-selected patients, suggests that the SOZ is a suboptimal biomarker of the EZ, and that new biomarkers resulting in better postsurgical outcomes are needed. Research of recent years suggested that high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising biomarker of the EZ, with a potential to improve surgical success in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy without the need to record seizures. Nonetheless, in order to establish HFOs as a clinical biomarker, the following issues need to be addressed. First, evidence on HFOs as a clinically relevant biomarker stems predominantly from retrospective assessments with visual marking, leading to problems of reproducibility and reliability. Prospective assessments of the use of HFOs for surgery planning using automatic detection of HFOs are needed in order to determine their clinical value. Second, disentangling physiologic from pathologic HFOs is still an unsolved issue. Considering the appearance and the topographic location of presumed physiologic HFOs could be immanent for the interpretation of HFO findings in a clinical context. Third, recording HFOs non-invasively via scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) is highly desirable, as it would provide us with the possibility to translate the use of HFOs to the scalp in a large number of patients. This article reviews the literature regarding these three issues. The first part of the article focuses on the clinical value of invasively recorded HFOs in localizing the EZ, the detection of HFOs, as well as their separation from physiologic HFOs. The second part of the article focuses on the current state of the literature regarding non-invasively recorded HFOs with emphasis on findings and technical considerations regarding their localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha Thomschewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ana-Sofía Hincapié
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Scholly J, Pizzo F, Timofeev A, Valenti-Hirsch MP, Ollivier I, Proust F, Roehri N, Bénar CG, Hirsch E, Bartolomei F. High-frequency oscillations and spikes running down after SEEG-guided thermocoagulations in the epileptogenic network of periventricular nodular heterotopia. Epilepsy Res 2019; 150:27-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Studer F, Laghouati E, Jarre G, David O, Pouyatos B, Depaulis A. Sensory coding is impaired in rat absence epilepsy. J Physiol 2019; 597:951-966. [PMID: 30548850 DOI: 10.1113/jp277297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Absence epilepsy is characterized by the occurrence of spike-and-wave discharges concomitant with an alteration of consciousness and is associated with cognitive comorbidities. In a genetic model of absence epilepsy in the rat, the genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg (GAERS), spike-and-wave discharges are shown to be initiated in the barrel field primary somatosensory cortex that codes whisker-related information, therefore playing an essential role in the interactions of rodents with their environment. Sensory-information processing is impaired in the epileptic barrel field primary somatosensory cortex of GAERS, with a delayed sensory-evoked potential and a duplicated neuronal response to whisker stimulation in in vivo extracellular recordings. Yet, GAERS present no defaults of performance in a texture discrimination task, suggesting the existence of a compensatory mechanism within the epileptic neuronal network. The results of the present study indicate that physiological primary functions are processed differently in an epileptic cortical network. ABSTRACT Several neurodevelopmental pathologies are associated with disorganized cortical circuits that may alter primary functions such as sensory processes. In the present study, we investigated whether the function of a cortical area is altered in the seizure onset zone of absence epilepsy, a prototypical form of childhood genetic epilepsy associated with cognitive impairments. We first combined in vivo multichannel electrophysiological recordings and histology to precisely localize the seizure onset zone in the genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg (GAERS). We then investigated the functionality of this epileptic zone using extracellular silicon probe recordings of sensory-evoked local field potentials and multi-unit activity, as well as a behavioural test of texture discrimination. We show that seizures in this model are initiated in the barrel field part of the primary somatosensory cortex and are associated with high-frequency oscillations. In this cortex, we found an increased density of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in layer 5 in GAERS compared to non-epileptic Wistar rats. Its functional investigation revealed that sensory abilities of GAERS are not affected in a texture-discrimination task, whereas the intracortical processing of sensory-evoked information is delayed and duplicated. Altogether, these results suggest that absence seizures are associated with an increase of parvalbumin-inhibitory neurons, which may promote the functional relationship between epileptic oscillations and high-frequency activities. Our findings suggest that cortical circuits operate differently in the epileptic onset zone and may adapt to maintain their ability to process highly specialized information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Studer
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Emel Laghouati
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Jarre
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier David
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoît Pouyatos
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.,Present address: INRS, F-54519, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
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Chauvel P, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Bulacio J. Presurgical intracranial investigations in epilepsy surgery. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 161:45-71. [PMID: 31307620 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64142-7.00040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Identification and localization of the "epileptogenic process" in the brain of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy for surgical cure is the goal of presurgical investigations. Intracranial recordings are required when conflicting data between seizure clinical semiology and EEG prevent precise localization within one hemisphere or lateralization, when a visible lesion on MRI seems unrelated to the electroclinical data, or in MRI-negative cases. Two methods are currently used. The objective of the subdural grid electrocorticography with or without depth electrodes (SDG/DE) is the best possible identification of the area of onset of spontaneous seizures and localization of the eloquent cortex. The objective of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is to define the epileptogenic zone (configured as a network) and its relation to an unmasked lesion. Two-dimensional (SDG) and three-dimensional (SEEG) brain sampling dictate different strategies for noninvasive presurgical phase I goals as well as for data analysis. SEEG must resolve several potential localization hypotheses in a manner that cannot be achieved with SDG. SDG operates through brain surface coverage, unlike SEEG, which samples networks. SDG estimates the extent of cortical resection through a lobar or sublobar localization of ictal onset and constraints from functional mapping. SEEG defines a tailored resection according to the results of anatomo-electro-clinical correlations in stereotaxic space that will guide the ablation of the epileptogenic zone. SEEG is currently expanding faster than SDG. The prerequisites (especially in the preimplantation hypothetical strategy) and technical tools (especially stimulation and functional mapping) in the two methods are very different. This chapter presents a comparative review of the rationale, indications, electrode implantation strategies, interpretation, and surgical decision making of these two approaches of presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Chauvel
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | | | - Juan Bulacio
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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117
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Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) investigations are crucial in the diagnosis and management of patients with focal epilepsies. EEG may reveal different interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs: abnormal spikes, sharp waves). The EEG visibility of a spike depends on the surface area of cortex involved (>10cm2) and the brain localization of cortical generators. Regions generating IEDs (defining the "irritative zone") are not necessarily equivalent to the seizure onset zone. Focal seizures are dynamic processes originating from one or several brain regions (that generate fast oscillations and are called the epileptogenic zone) before spreading to other structures (that generate lower frequency oscillations and are called the propagation zone). Several factors limit the expression of seizures on scalp EEG, such as the area involved, degree of synchronization, and depth of the cortical generators. Different scalp EEG seizure onset patterns may be observed: fast discharge, background flattening, rhythmic spikes, sinusoidal discharge, or sharp activity. However, to a large extent EEG changes are linked to seizure propagation. Finally, in the context of presurgical evaluation, the combination of interictal and ictal EEG features is crucial to provide an optimal hypothesis concerning the epileptogenic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Lagarde
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.
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118
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Alter AS, Dhamija R, McDonough TL, Shen S, McBrian DK, Mandel AM, McKhann GM, Feldstein NA, Akman CI. Ictal onset patterns of subdural intracranial electroencephalogram in children: How helpful for predicting epilepsy surgery outcome? Epilepsy Res 2018; 149:44-52. [PMID: 30476812 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to classify ictal onset patterns (IOPs) in pediatric patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (IEEG) to guide surgery for refractory epilepsy. We aimed to determine if morphology of IOPs can predict surgical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent epilepsy surgery guided by subdural IEEG from 2007 to 2016. IEEG seizures were reviewed by a blinded epileptologist. Data was collected on outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with 784 seizures were included. Age at seizure onset was 0.2-11 (mean 4.3, standard deviation 3.2) years. Age at time of IEEG was 4-20 (mean 13.5, standard deviation 4.4) years. Five distinct IOPs were seen at seizure onset: A) Low voltage fast activity (LVFA) with spread to adjacent electrodes (n = 7 patients, 30%), B) Burst of LVFA followed by electrodecrement (n = 12 patients, 52%), C) Burst of rhythmic spike waves (RSW) followed by electrodecrement (n = 9 patients, 39%), D) RSW followed by LVFA (n = 7 patients, 30%), E) Rhythmic spikes alone (n = 10 patients, 43%). Twelve patients (52%) had the same IOP type with all seizures. When the area of the IOP was resected, 14 patients (61%) had Engel I outcomes. Patients who had LVFA seen within their predominant IOP type were more likely to have good surgical outcomes (odds ratio 7.50, 95% confidence interval 1.02-55.0, p = 0.05). Patients who had only one IOP type were more likely to have good outcomes than patients who had multiple IOP types (odds ratio 12.6, 95% confidence interval 1.19-134, p = 0.04). Patients who had LVFA in their predominant IOP type were older than patients who did not have LVFA (mean age 15.0 vs. 9.9 years, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS LVFA at ictal onset and all seizures having the same IOP morphology are associated with increased likelihood of surgical success in children, but LVFA is less common in children who are younger at the time of IEEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza S Alter
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Ravi Dhamija
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Tiffani L McDonough
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Stephie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Danielle K McBrian
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Arthur M Mandel
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 West 168th Street, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Neil A Feldstein
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 West 168th Street, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Cigdem I Akman
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, New York, USA.
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Engel J, Bragin A, Staba R. Nonictal EEG biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Epilepsia Open 2018; 3:120-126. [PMID: 30564770 PMCID: PMC6293068 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no reliable nonictal biomarkers for epilepsy, electroencephalography (EEG) or otherwise, but efforts to identify biomarkers that would predict the development of epilepsy after a potential epileptogenic insult, diagnose the existence of epilepsy, or assess the effects of antiseizure or antiepileptogenic interventions are relying heavily on electrophysiology. The most promising EEG biomarkers to date are pathologic high‐frequency oscillations (pHFOs), brief EEG events in the range of 100 to 600 Hz, which are believed to reflect summated action potentials from synchronously bursting neurons. Studies of patients with epilepsy, and experimental animal models, have been based primarily on direct brain recording, which makes pHFOs potentially useful for localizing the epileptogenic zone for surgical resection, but application for other diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is limited. Consequently, recent efforts have involved identification of HFOs recorded with scalp electrodes, and with magnetoencephalography, which may reflect the same pathophysiologic mechanisms as pHFOs recorded directly from the brain. The search is also on for other EEG changes that might serve as epilepsy biomarkers, and candidates include arcuate rhythms, which may reflect repetitive pHFOs, reduction in theta rhythm, which correlates with epileptogenesis in several rodent models of epilepsy, and shortened sleep spindles that correlate with ictogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Engel
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaU.S.A.
- Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaU.S.A.
- Neurobiology and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaU.S.A.
| | - Anatol Bragin
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaU.S.A.
- Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaU.S.A.
| | - Richard Staba
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaU.S.A.
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120
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Motoi H, Miyakoshi M, Abel TJ, Jeong JW, Nakai Y, Sugiura A, Luat AF, Agarwal R, Sood S, Asano E. Phase-amplitude coupling between interictal high-frequency activity and slow waves in epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1954-1965. [PMID: 30146766 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the modulation index (MI), a summary measure of the strength of phase-amplitude coupling between high-frequency activity (>150 Hz) and the phase of slow waves (3-4 Hz), would serve as a useful interictal biomarker for epilepsy presurgical evaluation. METHODS We investigated 123 patients who underwent focal cortical resection following extraoperative electrocorticography recording and had at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up. We examined whether consideration of MI would improve the prediction of postoperative seizure outcome. MI was measured at each intracranial electrode site during interictal slow-wave sleep. We compared the accuracy of prediction of patients achieving International League Against Epilepsy class 1 outcome between the full multivariate logistic regression model incorporating MI in addition to conventional clinical, seizure onset zone (SOZ), and neuroimaging variables, and the reduced logistic regression model incorporating all variables other than MI. RESULTS Ninety patients had class 1 outcome at the time of most recent follow-up (mean follow-up = 5.7 years). The full model had a noteworthy outcome predictive ability, as reflected by regression model fit R2 of 0.409 and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic plot of 0.838. Incomplete resection of SOZ (P < 0.001), larger number of antiepileptic drugs at the time of surgery (P = 0.007), and larger MI in nonresected tissues relative to that in resected tissue (P = 0.020) were independently associated with a reduced probability of class 1 outcome. The reduced model had a lower predictive ability as reflected by R2 of 0.266 and AUC of 0.767. Anatomical variability in MI existed among nonepileptic electrode sites, defined as those unaffected by magnetic resonance imaging lesion, SOZ, or interictal spike discharges. With MI adjusted for anatomical variability, the full model yielded the outcome predictive ability of R2 of 0.422, AUC of 0.844, and sensitivity/specificity of 0.86/0.76. SIGNIFICANCE MI during interictal recording may provide useful information for the prediction of postoperative seizure outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Motoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Taylor J Abel
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Rajkumar Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
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Jacobs J, Wu JY, Perucca P, Zelmann R, Mader M, Dubeau F, Mathern GW, Schulze-Bonhage A, Gotman J. Removing high-frequency oscillations: A prospective multicenter study on seizure outcome. Neurology 2018; 91:e1040-e1052. [PMID: 30120133 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in epilepsy surgery for prediction of postsurgical seizure outcome in a prospective multicenter trial. METHODS We hypothesized that a seizure-free outcome could be expected in patients in whom the surgical planning included the majority of HFO-generating brain tissue while a poor seizure outcome could be expected in patients in whom only a few such areas were planned to be resected. Fifty-two patients were included from 3 tertiary epilepsy centers during a 1-year period. Ripples (80-250 Hz) and fast ripples (250-500 Hz) were automatically detected during slow-wave sleep with chronic intracranial EEG in 2 centers and acute intraoperative electrocorticography in 1 patient. RESULTS There was a correlation between the removal of HFO-generating regions and seizure-free outcome at the group level for all patients. No correlation was found, however, for the center-specific analysis, and an individual prognostication of seizure outcome was true in only 36 patients (67%). Moreover, some patients became seizure-free without removal of the majority of HFO-generating tissue. The investigation of influencing factors, including comparisons of visual and automatic analysis, using a threshold analysis for areas with high HFO activity, and excluding contacts bordering the resection, did not result in improved prognostication. CONCLUSIONS On an individual patient level, a prediction of outcome was not possible in all patients. This may be due to the analysis techniques used. Alternatively, HFOs may be less specific for epileptic tissue than earlier studies have indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jacobs
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases (J.J., M.M.) and Epilepsy Center (J.J., A.S.-B.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.Y.W., G.W.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Montreal Neurological Institute (P.P., R.Z., F.D., J.G.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Joyce Y Wu
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases (J.J., M.M.) and Epilepsy Center (J.J., A.S.-B.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.Y.W., G.W.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Montreal Neurological Institute (P.P., R.Z., F.D., J.G.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Piero Perucca
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases (J.J., M.M.) and Epilepsy Center (J.J., A.S.-B.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.Y.W., G.W.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Montreal Neurological Institute (P.P., R.Z., F.D., J.G.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rina Zelmann
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases (J.J., M.M.) and Epilepsy Center (J.J., A.S.-B.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.Y.W., G.W.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Montreal Neurological Institute (P.P., R.Z., F.D., J.G.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Malenka Mader
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases (J.J., M.M.) and Epilepsy Center (J.J., A.S.-B.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.Y.W., G.W.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Montreal Neurological Institute (P.P., R.Z., F.D., J.G.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francois Dubeau
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases (J.J., M.M.) and Epilepsy Center (J.J., A.S.-B.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.Y.W., G.W.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Montreal Neurological Institute (P.P., R.Z., F.D., J.G.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary W Mathern
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases (J.J., M.M.) and Epilepsy Center (J.J., A.S.-B.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.Y.W., G.W.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Montreal Neurological Institute (P.P., R.Z., F.D., J.G.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases (J.J., M.M.) and Epilepsy Center (J.J., A.S.-B.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.Y.W., G.W.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Montreal Neurological Institute (P.P., R.Z., F.D., J.G.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Gotman
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Diseases (J.J., M.M.) and Epilepsy Center (J.J., A.S.-B.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.Y.W., G.W.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and Montreal Neurological Institute (P.P., R.Z., F.D., J.G.), McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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Pitkänen A, Ekolle Ndode-Ekane X, Lapinlampi N, Puhakka N. Epilepsy biomarkers - Toward etiology and pathology specificity. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 123:42-58. [PMID: 29782966 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A biomarker is a characteristic that is measured as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or responses to an exposure or intervention, including therapeutic interventions. Biomarker modalities include molecular, histologic, radiographic, or physiologic characteristics. In 2015, the FDA-NIH Joint Leadership Council developed the BEST Resource (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) to improve the understanding and use of biomarker terminology in biomedical research, clinical practice, and medical product development. The BEST biomarker categories include: (a) susceptibility/risk biomarkers, (b) diagnostic biomarkers, (c) monitoring biomarkers, (d) prognostic biomarkers, (e) predictive biomarkers, (f) pharmacodynamic/response biomarkers, and (g) safety biomarkers. Here we review 30 epilepsy biomarker studies that have identified (a) diagnostic biomarkers for epilepsy, epileptogenesis, epileptogenicity, drug-refractoriness, and status epilepticus - some of the epileptogenesis and epileptogenicity biomarkers can also be considered prognostic biomarkers for the development of epilepsy in subjects with a given brain insult, (b) predictive biomarkers for epilepsy surgery outcome, and (c) a response biomarker for therapy outcome. The biomarker modalities include plasma/serum/exosomal and cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers, brain tissue molecular biomarkers, imaging biomarkers, electrophysiologic biomarkers, and behavioral/cognitive biomarkers. Both single and combinatory biomarkers have been described. Most of the reviewed biomarkers have an area under the curve >0.800 in receiver operating characteristics analysis, suggesting high sensitivity and specificity. As discussed in this review, we are in the early phase of the learning curve in epilepsy biomarker discovery. Many of the seven biomarker categories lack epilepsy-related biomarkers. There is a need for epilepsy biomarker discovery using proper, statistically powered study designs with validation cohorts, and the development and use of novel analytical methods. A strategic roadmap to discuss the research priorities in epilepsy biomarker discovery, regulatory issues, and optimization of the use of resources, similar to those devised in the cancer and Alzheimer's disease research areas, is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Lapinlampi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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123
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennan Aibel Weiss
- Jefferson University Hospitals, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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