101
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Annaval T, Paris C, Leadlay PF, Jacob C, Weissman KJ. Evaluating Ketoreductase Exchanges as a Means of Rationally Altering Polyketide Stereochemistry. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1357-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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102
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Holt D, Gaunt MJ. Copper-Catalyzed Oxy-Alkenylation of Homoallylic Alcohols to Generate Functionalsyn-1,3-Diol Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7857-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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103
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Holt D, Gaunt MJ. Copper-Catalyzed Oxy-Alkenylation of Homoallylic Alcohols to Generate Functionalsyn-1,3-Diol Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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104
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Maier S, Heitzler T, Asmus K, Brötz E, Hardter U, Hesselbach K, Paululat T, Bechthold A. Functional characterization of different ORFs including luciferase-like monooxygenase genes from the mensacarcin gene cluster. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1175-82. [PMID: 25907804 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The biologically active compound mensacarcin is produced by Streptomyces bottropensis. The cosmid cos2 contains a large part of the mensacarcin biosynthesis gene cluster. Heterologous expression of this cosmid in Streptomyces albus J1074 led to the production of the intermediate didesmethylmensacarcin (DDMM). In order to gain more insights into the biosynthesis, gene inactivation experiments were carried out by λ-Red/ET-mediated recombination, and the deletion mutants were introduced into the host S. albus. In total, 23 genes were inactivated. Analysis of the metabolic profiles of the mutant strains showed the complete collapse of DDMM biosynthesis, but upon overexpression of the SARP regulatory gene msnR1 in each mutant new intermediates were detected. The compounds were isolated, and their structures were elucidated. Based on the results the specific functions of several enzymes were determined, and a pathway for mensacarcin biosynthesis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Maier
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
| | - Tanja Heitzler
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
| | - Katharina Asmus
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
| | - Elke Brötz
- Organic Chemsitry II, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57068 Siegen (Germany).,Present address: Helmholtz Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Postfach 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken (Germany)
| | - Uwe Hardter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
| | - Katharina Hesselbach
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
| | - Thomas Paululat
- Organic Chemsitry II, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57068 Siegen (Germany)
| | - Andreas Bechthold
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg (Germany).
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105
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Zhou Y, Prediger P, Dias LC, Murphy AC, Leadlay PF. Macrodiolide formation by the thioesterase of a modular polyketide synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5232-5. [PMID: 25753953 PMCID: PMC4471547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Elaiophylin is an unusual C2 -symmetric antibiotic macrodiolide produced on a bacterial modular polyketide synthase assembly line. To probe the mechanism and selectivity of diolide formation, we sought to reconstitute ring formation in vitro by using a non-natural substrate. Incubation of recombinant elaiophylin thioesterase/cyclase with a synthetic pentaketide analogue of the presumed monomeric polyketide precursor of elaiophylin, specifically its N-acetylcysteamine thioester, produced a novel 16-membered C2 -symmetric macrodiolide. A linear dimeric thioester is an intermediate in ring formation, which indicates iterative use of the thioesterase active site in ligation and subsequent cyclization. Furthermore, the elaiophylin thioesterase acts on a mixture of pentaketide and tetraketide thioesters to give both the symmetric decaketide diolide and the novel asymmetric hybrid nonaketide diolide. Such thioesterases have potential as tools for the in vitro construction of novel diolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (UK)
| | - Patrícia Prediger
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMPC.P. 6154, CEP 13084-971, Campinas SP (Brazil)
| | - Luiz Carlos Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMPC.P. 6154, CEP 13084-971, Campinas SP (Brazil)
| | - Annabel C Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (UK)
| | - Peter F Leadlay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (UK)
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106
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Zhou Y, Prediger P, Dias LC, Murphy AC, Leadlay PF. Macrodiolide Formation by the Thioesterase of a Modular Polyketide Synthase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 127:5321-5324. [PMID: 26300568 PMCID: PMC4535664 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Elaiophylin is an unusual C2-symmetric antibiotic macrodiolide produced on a bacterial modular polyketide synthase assembly line. To probe the mechanism and selectivity of diolide formation, we sought to reconstitute ring formation in vitro by using a non-natural substrate. Incubation of recombinant elaiophylin thioesterase/cyclase with a synthetic pentaketide analogue of the presumed monomeric polyketide precursor of elaiophylin, specifically its N-acetylcysteamine thioester, produced a novel 16-membered C2-symmetric macrodiolide. A linear dimeric thioester is an intermediate in ring formation, which indicates iterative use of the thioesterase active site in ligation and subsequent cyclization. Furthermore, the elaiophylin thioesterase acts on a mixture of pentaketide and tetraketide thioesters to give both the symmetric decaketide diolide and the novel asymmetric hybrid nonaketide diolide. Such thioesterases have potential as tools for the in vitro construction of novel diolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (UK) E-mail:
| | - Patrícia Prediger
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, C.P. 6154, CEP 13084-971, Campinas SP (Brazil)
| | - Luiz Carlos Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, C.P. 6154, CEP 13084-971, Campinas SP (Brazil)
| | - Annabel C Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (UK) E-mail:
| | - Peter F Leadlay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (UK) E-mail:
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107
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108
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Poust S, Phelan RM, Deng K, Katz L, Petzold CJ, Keasling JD. Divergent Mechanistic Routes for the Formation ofgem-Dimethyl Groups in the Biosynthesis of Complex Polyketides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2370-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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109
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Poust S, Phelan RM, Deng K, Katz L, Petzold CJ, Keasling JD. Divergent Mechanistic Routes for the Formation ofgem-Dimethyl Groups in the Biosynthesis of Complex Polyketides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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110
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Jenner M, Afonso JP, Bailey HR, Frank S, Kampa A, Piel J, Oldham NJ. Acyl-Chain Elongation Drives Ketosynthase Substrate Selectivity intrans-Acyltransferase Polyketide Synthases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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111
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Jenner M, Afonso JP, Bailey HR, Frank S, Kampa A, Piel J, Oldham NJ. Acyl-chain elongation drives ketosynthase substrate selectivity in trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1817-21. [PMID: 25529827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Type I modular polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are responsible for the biosynthesis of many biologically active agents, possess a ketosynthase (KS) domain within each module to catalyze chain elongation. Acylation of the KS active site Cys residue is followed by transfer to malonyl-ACP to yield an extended β-ketoacyl chain (ACP = acyl carrier protein). To date, the precise contribution of KS selectivity in controlling product fidelity has been unclear. Six KS domains from trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) PKSs were subjected to a mass spectrometry based elongation assay, and higher substrate selectivity was identified for the elongating step than in preceding acylation. A close correspondence between the observed KS selectivity and that predicted by phylogenetic analysis was seen. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of KS selectivity in this important group of PKSs, can serve as guidance for engineering, and show that targeted mutagenesis can be used to expand the repertoire of acceptable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jenner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD (UK)
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112
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Kim HJ, Choi SH, Jeon BS, Kim N, Pongdee R, Wu Q, Liu HW. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of spinosyn A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13553-7. [PMID: 25287333 PMCID: PMC4266379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Following the biosynthesis of polyketide backbones by polyketide synthases (PKSs), post-PKS modifications result in a significantly elevated level of structural complexity that renders the chemical synthesis of these natural products challenging. We report herein a total synthesis of the widely used polyketide insecticide spinosyn A by exploiting the prowess of both chemical and enzymatic methods. As more polyketide biosynthetic pathways are characterized, this chemoenzymatic approach is expected to become readily adaptable to streamlining the synthesis of other complex polyketides with more elaborate post-PKS modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Joong Kim
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (USA); Department of Chemistry, Korea University (Republic of Korea)
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113
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Ellerbrock P, Armanino N, Trauner D. Biomimetic Synthesis of the Calcineurin Phosphatase Inhibitor Dibefurin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13414-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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114
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Ellerbrock P, Armanino N, Trauner D. Biomimetic Synthesis of the Calcineurin Phosphatase Inhibitor Dibefurin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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115
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Berkhan G, Hahn F. Eine Dehydratase-Domäne in der Ambruticin-Biosynthese zeigt zusätzliche Aktivität als Pyran-bildende Cyclase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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116
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Berkhan G, Hahn F. A Dehydratase Domain in Ambruticin Biosynthesis Displays Additional Activity as a Pyran-Forming Cyclase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14240-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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117
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Rittner A, Grininger M. Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs): a new model fits all? Chembiochem 2014; 15:2489-93. [PMID: 25318851 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Step-by-step to great diversity: With the potential to synthesize multi-millions of bioactive compounds, modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are of great importance. In this Highlight, new developments in the understanding of the structure and function of these proteins are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rittner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Germany)
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118
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He HY, Yuan H, Tang MC, Tang GL. An Unusual Dehydratase Acting on Glycerate and a Ketoreducatse Stereoselectively Reducing α-Ketone in Polyketide Starter Unit Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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119
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Schieferdecker S, König S, Weigel C, Dahse HM, Werz O, Nett M. Structure and biosynthetic assembly of gulmirecins, macrolide antibiotics from the predatory bacterium Pyxidicoccus fallax. Chemistry 2014; 20:15933-40. [PMID: 25287056 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The gulmirecins constitute a new class of glycosylated macrolides that were isolated from the predatory bacterium Pyxidicoccus fallax HKI 727. Their structures were solved by a combination of NMR spectroscopic experiments and chemical derivatization. Analysis of the annotated gulmirecin gene cluster complemented the configurational assignment and provided insights into the stereochemical course of the biosynthetic assembly. The gulmirecins exhibit strong activity against staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but no cytotoxic effects on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schieferdecker
- Junior Research Group, "Secondary Metabolism of Predatory Bacteria", Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena (Germany), Fax: (+49) 3641-5320811
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120
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Kim HJ, Choi SH, Jeon BS, Kim N, Pongdee R, Wu Q, Liu HW. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Spinosyn A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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121
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Luhavaya H, Williams SR, Hong H, Gonzaga de Oliveira L, Leadlay PF. Site-specific modification of the anticancer and antituberculosis polyether salinomycin by biosynthetic engineering. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2081-5. [PMID: 25155178 PMCID: PMC4515104 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The complex bis-spiroacetal polyether ionophore salinomycin has been identified as a uniquely selective agent against cancer stem cells and is also strikingly effective in an animal model of latent tuberculosis. The basis for these important activities is unknown. We show here that deletion of the salE gene abolishes salinomycin production and yields two new analogues, in both of which the C18C19 cis double bond is replaced by a hydroxy group stereospecifically located at C19, but which differ from each other in the configuration of the bis-spiroacetal. These results identify SalE as a novel dehydratase and demonstrate that biosynthetic engineering can be used to redirect the reaction cascade of oxidative cyclization to yield new salinomycin analogues for use in mechanism-of-action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Luhavaya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (UK)
| | - Simon R Williams
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of CambridgeLensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (UK)
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (UK)
| | - Luciana Gonzaga de Oliveira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz s/nP.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP (Brazil)
| | - Peter F Leadlay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (UK)
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122
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Heine D, Bretschneider T, Sundaram S, Hertweck C. Enzymatic Polyketide Chain Branching To Give Substituted Lactone, Lactam, and Glutarimide Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11645-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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123
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Heine D, Bretschneider T, Sundaram S, Hertweck C. Enzymatische Polyketid-Kettenverzweigung zur Bildung substituierter Lacton-, Lactam- und Glutarimidheterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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124
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Yang L, He G, Yin R, Zhu L, Wang X, Hong R. Synthesis of Polyketide Stereoarrays Enabled by a Traceless Oxonia-Cope Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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125
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Yang L, He G, Yin R, Zhu L, Wang X, Hong R. Synthesis of Polyketide Stereoarrays Enabled by a Traceless Oxonia-Cope Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11600-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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126
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He HY, Yuan H, Tang MC, Tang GL. An unusual dehydratase acting on glycerate and a ketoreducatse stereoselectively reducing α-ketone in polyketide starter unit biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11315-9. [PMID: 25160004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) usually employ a ketoreductase (KR) to catalyze the reduction of a β-keto group, followed by a dehydratase (DH) that drives the dehydration to form a double bond between the α- and β-carbon atoms. Herein, a DH*-KR* involved in FR901464 biosynthesis was characterized: DH* acts on glyceryl-S-acyl carrier protein (ACP) to yield ACP-linked pyruvate; subsequently KR* reduces α-ketone that yields L-lactyl-S-ACP as starter unit for polyketide biosynthesis. Genetic and biochemical evidence was found to support a similar pathway that is involved in the biosynthesis of lankacidins. These results not only identified new PKS domains acting on different substrates, but also provided additional options for engineering the PKS starter pathway or biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
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127
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Xu Z, Baunach M, Ding L, Peng H, Franke J, Hertweck C. Biosynthetic code for divergolide assembly in a bacterial mangrove endophyte. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1274-9. [PMID: 24867126 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Divergolides are structurally diverse ansamycins produced by a bacterial endophyte (Streptomyces sp.) of the mangrove tree Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. By genomic analyses a gene locus coding for the divergolide pathway was detected. The div gene cluster encodes genes for the biosynthesis of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoate and the rare extender units ethylmalonyl-CoA and isobutylmalonyl-CoA, polyketide assembly by a modular type I polyketide synthase (PKS), and enzymes involved in tailoring reactions, such as a Baeyer-Villiger oxygenase. A detailed PKS domain analysis confirmed the stereochemical integrity of the divergolides and provided valuable new insights into the formation of the diverse aromatic chromophores. The bioinformatic analyses and the isolation and full structural elucidation of four new divergolide congeners led to a revised biosynthetic model that illustrates the formation of four different types of ansamycin chromophores from a single polyketide precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Xu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena (Germany)
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128
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Link A, Sparr C. Organokatalytische atropselektive Aldolkondensation: Synthese axial-chiraler Biaryle durch Arenbildung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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129
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Hiratsuka T, Suzuki H, Kariya R, Seo T, Minami A, Oikawa H. Biosynthesis of the Structurally Unique Polycyclopropanated Polyketide-Nucleoside Hybrid Jawsamycin (FR-900848). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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130
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Hiratsuka T, Suzuki H, Kariya R, Seo T, Minami A, Oikawa H. Biosynthesis of the Structurally Unique Polycyclopropanated Polyketide-Nucleoside Hybrid Jawsamycin (FR-900848). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5423-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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131
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Link A, Sparr C. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Aldol Condensation: Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls by Arene Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5458-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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132
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Maier S, Pflüger T, Loesgen S, Asmus K, Brötz E, Paululat T, Zeeck A, Andrade S, Bechthold A. Insights into the bioactivity of mensacarcin and epoxide formation by MsnO8. Chembiochem 2014; 15:749-56. [PMID: 24554499 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mensacarcin, a potential antitumour drug, is produced by Streptomyces bottropensis. The structure consists of a three-membered ring system with many oxygen atoms. Of vital importance in this context is an epoxy moiety in the side chain of mensacarcin. Our studies with different mensacarcin derivatives have demonstrated that this epoxy group is primarily responsible for the cytotoxic effect of mensacarcin. In order to obtain further information about this epoxy moiety, inactivation experiments in the gene cluster were carried out to identify the epoxy-forming enzyme. Therefore the cosmid cos2, which covers almost the complete type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster, was heterologously expressed in Streptomyces albus. This led to production of didesmethylmensacarcin, due to the fact that methyltransferase genes are missing in the cosmid. Further gene inactivation experiments on this cosmid showed that MsnO8, a luciferase-like monooxygenase, introduces the epoxy group at the end of the biosynthesis of mensacarcin. In addition, the protein MsnO8 was purified, and its crystal structure was determined to a resolution of 1.80 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Maier
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
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133
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Bouhired SM, Crüsemann M, Almeida C, Weber T, Piel J, Schäberle TF, König GM. Biosynthesis of Phenylnannolone A, a Multidrug Resistance Reversal Agent from the Halotolerant MyxobacteriumNannocystis pusillaB150. Chembiochem 2014; 15:757-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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134
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Antosch J, Schaefers F, Gulder TAM. Heterologe Rekonstitution der Ikarugamycin-Biosynthese inE. coli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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135
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Antosch J, Schaefers F, Gulder TAM. Heterologous Reconstitution of Ikarugamycin Biosynthesis inE. coli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3011-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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136
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Sugimoto Y, Ding L, Ishida K, Hertweck C. Rational Design of Modular Polyketide Synthases: Morphing the Aureothin Pathway into a Luteoreticulin Assembly Line. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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137
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Sugimoto Y, Ding L, Ishida K, Hertweck C. Rational design of modular polyketide synthases: morphing the aureothin pathway into a luteoreticulin assembly line. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1560-4. [PMID: 24402879 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The unusual nitro-substituted polyketides aureothin, neoaureothin (spectinabilin), and luteoreticulin, which are produced by diverse Streptomyces species, point to a joint evolution. Through rational genetic recombination and domain exchanges we have successfully reprogrammed the modular (type I) aur polyketide synthase (PKS) into a synthase that generates luteoreticulin. This is the first rational transformation of a modular PKS to produce a complex polyketide that was initially isolated from a different bacterium. A unique aspect of this synthetic biology approach is that we exclusively used genes from a single biosynthesis gene cluster to design the artificial pathway, an avenue that likely emulates natural evolutionary processes. Furthermore, an unexpected, context-dependent switch in the regiospecificity of a pyrone methyl transferase was observed. We also describe an unprecedented scenario where an AT domain iteratively loads an extender unit onto the cognate ACP and the downstream ACP. This aberrant function is a novel case of non-colinear behavior of PKS domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sugimoto
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena (Germany)
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138
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Yamaoka N, Sumida K, Itani I, Kubo H, Ohnishi Y, Sekiguchi S, Dohi T, Kita Y. Single-Electron-Transfer (SET)-Induced Oxidative Biaryl Coupling by Polyalkoxybenzene-Derived Diaryliodonium(III) Salts. Chemistry 2013; 19:15004-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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139
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Kang HS, Brady SF. Arimetamycin A: Improving Clinically Relevant Families of Natural Products through Sequence-Guided Screening of Soil Metagenomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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140
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Kang HS, Brady SF. Arimetamycin A: improving clinically relevant families of natural products through sequence-guided screening of soil metagenomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11063-7. [PMID: 24038656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-tag-guided screening of soil environmental DNA libraries can be used to guide the discovery of new compounds with improved properties. In heterologous expression experiments the eDNA-derived arm cluster encodes arimetamycin A, an anthracycline that is more potent than clinically used natural anthracyclines and retains activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahk-Soo Kang
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA) http://lab.rockefeller.edu/brady/
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141
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Reimer D, Cowles KN, Proschak A, Nollmann FI, Dowling AJ, Kaiser M, ffrench-Constant R, Goodrich-Blair H, Bode HB. Rhabdopeptides as insect-specific virulence factors from entomopathogenic bacteria. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1991-7. [PMID: 24038745 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Six novel linear peptides, named "rhabdopeptides", have been identified in the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila after the discovery of the corresponding rdp gene cluster by using a promoter trap strategy for the detection of insect-inducible genes. The structures of these rhabdopeptides were deduced from labeling experiments combined with detailed MS analysis. Detailed analysis of an rdp mutant revealed that these compounds participate in virulence towards insects and are produced upon bacterial infection of a suitable insect host. Furthermore, two additional rhabdopeptide derivatives produced by Xenorhabdus cabanillasii were isolated, these showed activity against insect hemocytes thereby confirming the virulence of this novel class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reimer
- Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
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142
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Sucipto H, Wenzel SC, Müller R. Exploring Chemical Diversity of α-Pyrone Antibiotics: Molecular Basis of Myxopyronin Biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1581-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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143
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Tan J, Akakura M, Yamamoto H. The supersilyl group as a carboxylic acid protecting group: application to highly stereoselective aldol and Mannich reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7198-202. [PMID: 23720352 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Tan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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144
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Walsh CT, O'Brien RV, Khosla C. Nonproteinogenic amino acid building blocks for nonribosomal peptide and hybrid polyketide scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7098-124. [PMID: 23729217 PMCID: PMC4634941 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Freestanding nonproteinogenic amino acids have long been recognized for their antimetabolite properties and tendency to be uncovered to reactive functionalities by the catalytic action of target enzymes. By installing them regiospecifically into biogenic peptides and proteins, it may be possible to usher a new era at the interface between small molecule and large molecule medicinal chemistry. Site-selective protein functionalization offers uniquely attractive strategies for posttranslational modification of proteins. Last, but not least, many of the amino acids not selected by nature for protein incorporation offer rich architectural possibilities in the context of ribosomally derived polypeptides. This Review summarizes the biosynthetic routes to and metabolic logic for the major classes of the noncanonical amino acid building blocks that end up in both nonribosomal peptide frameworks and in hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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145
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Walsh CT, O'Brien RV, Khosla C. Nichtproteinogene Aminosäurebausteine für Peptidgerüste aus nichtribosomalen Peptiden und hybriden Polyketiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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146
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Tan J, Akakura M, Yamamoto H. The Supersilyl Group as a Carboxylic Acid Protecting Group: Application to Highly Stereoselective Aldol and Mannich Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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147
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Felder S, Dreisigacker S, Kehraus S, Neu E, Bierbaum G, Wright PR, Menche D, Schäberle TF, König GM. Salimabromide: Unexpected Chemistry from the Obligate Marine Myxobacterium Enhygromyxa salina. Chemistry 2013; 19:9319-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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148
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Busch B, Ueberschaar N, Behnken S, Sugimoto Y, Werneburg M, Traitcheva N, He J, Hertweck C. Multifactorial Control of Iteration Events in a Modular Polyketide Assembly Line. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5285-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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149
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Busch B, Ueberschaar N, Behnken S, Sugimoto Y, Werneburg M, Traitcheva N, He J, Hertweck C. Multifactorial Control of Iteration Events in a Modular Polyketide Assembly Line. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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150
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Zou Y, Yin H, Kong D, Deng Z, Lin S. ATrans-Acting Ketoreductase in Biosynthesis of a Symmetric Polyketide Dimer SIA7248. Chembiochem 2013; 14:679-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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