101
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Wang Y, Cui C, Yang X. Recent Advances in Hydrochlorination of Alkenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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102
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Bera S, Mao R, Hu X. Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) cross-coupling of non-activated alkyl electrophiles via nickel hydride catalysis. Nat Chem 2020; 13:270-277. [PMID: 33380741 PMCID: PMC7610379 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cross-coupling of two alkyl fragments is an efficient method to produce organic molecules rich in sp3-hybridized carbon centers, which are attractive candidate compounds in drug discovery. Enantioselective C(sp3)–C(sp3) coupling is challenging, especially of alkyl electrophiles without an activating group (aryl, vinyl, carbonyl). Here we report a strategy based on nickel hydride addition to internal olefins followed by nickel-catalyzed alkyl-alkyl coupling. This strategy enables enantioselective cross-coupling of non-activated alkyl halides with alkenyl boronates to produce chiral alkyl boronates. Employing readily available and stable olefins as pro-chiral nucleophiles, the coupling proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits broad scope and high functional group tolerance. Applications for the functionalization of natural products and drug molecules, as well as the synthesis of chiral building blocks and a key intermediate to (S)-(+)-Pregabalin, are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikrishna Bera
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Runze Mao
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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103
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Zhang Q, Li X, Zhang W, Ni S, Wang Y, Pan Y. Decarboxylative Borylation of Stabilized and Activated Carbon Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21875-21879. [PMID: 32840957 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active esters (RAEs) as active radical precursors have been extensively studied for C-B bond formations. However, the analogous transformations of stabilized radicals from the corresponding acid precursors remain challenging owing to the strong preference towards single-electron oxidation to the stable carbocations. This work describes a general strategy for rapid access to various aliphatic and aromatic boronic esters by mild photoinduced decarboxylative borylation. Both aryl and alkyl radicals could be generated from the leaving group-assisted N-hydroxybenzimidoyl chloride esters, even α-CF3 substituted substrates could be activated for further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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104
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Li C, Chen B, Ma X, Mo X, Zhang G. Light‐Promoted Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkylation of Azoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2130-2134. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xueling Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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105
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Ghosh MK, Rout N. Aryl‐Aryl Cross‐Coupling with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Aryl Group Transfer Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Ghosh
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited Block BN, Plot 7 Salt Lake city, Kolkata 700091 West Bengal India
| | - Nilendri Rout
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited Block BN, Plot 7 Salt Lake city, Kolkata 700091 West Bengal India
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106
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107
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Lin T, Gu Y, Qian P, Guan H, Walsh PJ, Mao J. Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of homoenolates and their higher homologues with unactivated alkyl bromides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5638. [PMID: 33159055 PMCID: PMC7648641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic generation of homoenolates and their higher homologues has been a long-standing challenge. Like the generation of transition metal enolates, which have been used to great affect in synthesis and medicinal chemistries, homoenolates and their higher homologues have much potential, albeit largely unrealized. Herein, a nickel-catalyzed generation of homoenolates, and their higher homologues, via decarbonylation of readily available cyclic anhydrides has been developed. The utility of nickel-bound homoenolates and their higher homologues is demonstrated by cross-coupling with unactivated alkyl bromides, generating a diverse array of aliphatic acids. A broad range of functional groups is tolerated. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that: (1) oxidative addition of anhydrides by the catalyst is faster than oxidative addition of alkyl bromides; (2) nickel bound metallocycles are involved in this transformation and (3) the catalyst undergoes a single electron transfer (SET) process with the alkyl bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuanyun Gu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Pengcheng Qian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Haixing Guan
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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108
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Jiang SP, Dong XY, Gu QS, Ye L, Li ZL, Liu XY. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Radical Suzuki-Miyaura C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19652-19659. [PMID: 33146993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent Suzuki-Miyaura C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-coupling of various racemic alkyl halides with organoboronate esters has been established in high enantioselectivity. Critical to the success is the use of a chiral cinchona alkaloid-derived N,N,P-ligand for not only enhancing the reducing capability of copper catalyst to favor a stereoablative radical pathway over a stereospecific SN2-type process but also providing an ideal chiral environment to achieve the challenging enantiocontrol over the highly reactive radical species. The reaction has a broad scope with respect to both coupling partners, covering aryl- and heteroarylboronate esters, as well as benzyl-, heterobenzyl-, and propargyl bromides and chlorides with good functional group compatibility. Thus, it provides expedient access toward a range of useful enantioenriched skeletons featuring chiral tertiary benzylic stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Peng Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Dong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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109
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Xia A, Lv P, Xie X, Liu Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Cyanation of Unactivated Alkyl Sulfonates with Zn(CN) 2. Org Lett 2020; 22:7842-7847. [PMID: 33006476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyanation of unactivated primary and secondary alkyl mesylates with Zn(CN)2 catalyzed by nickel has been developed. The reaction provides an efficient route for the synthesis of alkyl nitriles with wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and compatibility with heterocyclic compounds. Mechanistic studies indicate that alkyl iodide generated in situ serves as the reactive intermediate and the gradual release of alkyl iodide is crucial for the success of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhuo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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110
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Maity B, Zhu C, Yue H, Huang L, Harb M, Minenkov Y, Rueping M, Cavallo L. Mechanistic Insight into the Photoredox-Nickel-HAT Triple Catalyzed Arylation and Alkylation of α-Amino C sp3-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16942-16952. [PMID: 32900195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report here a comprehensive computational analysis of the mechanisms of the photoredox-nickel-HAT (HAT: hydrogen atom transfer) catalyzed arylation and alkylation of α-amino Csp3-H bonds developed by MacMillan and co-workers. Different alternatives for the three catalytic cycles were tested to identify unambiguously the operative reaction mechanism. Our analysis indicated that the IrIII photoredox catalyst, upon irradiation with visible light, can be either reduced or oxidized by the HAT and nickel catalysts, respectively, indicating that both reductive and oxidative quenching catalytic cycles can be operative, although the reductive cycle is favored. Our analysis of the HAT cycle indicated that activation of a α-amino Csp3-H bond of the substrate is facile and selective relative to activation of a β-amino Csp3-H bond. Finally, our analysis of the nickel cycle indicated that both arylation and alkylation of α-amino Csp3-H bonds occurs via the sequence of nickel oxidation states NiI-NiII-NiI-NiIII and of elementary steps: radical addition-SET-oxidative addition-reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bholanath Maity
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Zhu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Long Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moussab Harb
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yury Minenkov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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111
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Wang XX, Lu X, Li Y, Wang JW, Fu Y. Recent advances in nickel-catalyzed reductive hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of electronically unbiased alkenes. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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112
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Zhang Q, Li X, Zhang W, Ni S, Wang Y, Pan Y. Decarboxylative Borylation of Stabilized and Activated Carbon Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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113
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Abstract
The mechanism studies of transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions
investigated using Density Functional Theory calculations in the recent ten years have been
reviewed. This review introduces the computational mechanism studies of Ni-, Pd-, Cu- and
some other metals (Rh, Ti and Zr)-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions and presents the
methodology used in these computational mechanism studies. The mechanisms of the transition-
metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions normally include three main steps: oxidative
addition; transmetalation; and reductive elimination or four main steps: the first oxidative
addition; reduction; the second oxidative addition; and reductive elimination. The ratelimiting
step is most likely the final reductive elimination step in the whole mechanism.
Currently, the B3LYP method used in DFT calculations is the most popular choice in the structural geometry
optimizations and the M06 method is often used to carry out single-point calculations to refine the energy values.
We hope that this review will stimulate more and more experimental and computational combinations and the
computational chemistry will significantly contribute to the development of future organic synthesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qinghua Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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114
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Müller V, Ghorai D, Capdevila L, Messinis AM, Ribas X, Ackermann L. C-F Activation for C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling by a Secondary Phosphine Oxide (SPO)-Nickel Complex. Org Lett 2020; 22:7034-7040. [PMID: 32816494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A secondary phosphine oxide (SPO)-nickel catalyst allowed the activation of otherwise inert C-F bonds of unactivated arenes in terms of challenging couplings with primary and secondary alkyl Grignard reagents. The C-F activation is characterized by mild reaction conditions and high levels of branched selectivity. Electron-rich and electron-deficient arenes were suitable electrophiles for this transformation. In addition, this strategy also proved suitable to heterocycles and for the activation of C-O bonds under slightly modified conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Debasish Ghorai
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lorena Capdevila
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Dep. Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonis M Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Dep. Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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115
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Patel OPS, Nandwana NK, Legoabe LJ, Das BC, Kumar A. Recent Advances in Radical C−H Bond Functionalization of Imidazoheterocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Om P. S. Patel
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus 333031 Rajasthan India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences North-West University Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Nitesh K. Nandwana
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus 333031 Rajasthan India
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Lesetja J. Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences North-West University Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Bhaskar C. Das
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus 333031 Rajasthan India
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116
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Xiong B, Li Y, Wei Y, Kramer S, Lian Z. Dual Nickel-/Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions between Two Phenol Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:6334-6338. [PMID: 32806164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cross-coupling between substrates that can be easily derived from phenols is highly attractive due to the abundance of phenols. Here, we report a dual nickel-/palladium-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between aryl tosylates and aryl triflates; both substrates can be accessed in just one step from readily available phenols. The reaction has a broad functional group tolerance and substrate scope (>60 examples). Furthermore, it displays low sensitivity to steric effects demonstrated by the synthesis of a 2,2'-disubstituted biaryl and a fully substituted aryl product. The widespread presence of phenols in natural products and pharmaceuticals allows for straightforward late-stage functionalization, illustrated with examples such as ezetimibe and tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Søren Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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117
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Takeda Y, Sameera WMC, Minakata S. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective and Stereospecific Ring-Opening Cross-Coupling of Aziridines: Experimental and Computational Studies. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1686-1702. [PMID: 32786337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aziridines, i.e., the smallest saturated N-heterocycles, serve as useful building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry. Because of the release of the large ring strain energy accommodated in the small ring, (ca. 27 kcal/mol), aziridines undergo ring-opening reactions with a variety of nucleophiles. Therefore, among the synthetic reactions utilizing aziridines, regioselective ring-opening substitutions of aziridines with nucleophiles, such as heteroatomic nucleophiles (e.g., amines, alcohols, and thiols) and carbonaceous nucleophiles (e.g., carbanions, organometallic reagents, and electron-rich arenes), constitute a useful synthetic methodology to synthesize biologically relevant β-functionalized alkylamines. However, the regioselection in such traditional ring-opening substitutions of aziridines is highly dependent on the substrate combination, and stereochemical control is challenging to achieve, especially in the case of Lewis acid-promoted variants. Therefore, the development of robust catalytic ring-opening functionalization methods that enable precise prediction of regioselectivity and stereochemistry is desirable. In this direction, our group focused on the highly regioselective and stereospecific nature of the stoichiometric oxidative addition elementary step of 2-substituted aziridines into Pd(0) complexes in an SN2 fashion. In conjunction with the recent advancements in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of alkyl pseudohalides containing a C(sp3)-Q (Q = O, N, S, etc.) bond, aziridines can be used as nonclassical alkyl pseudohalides in regioselective and stereospecific cross-couplings.In this Account, starting from the background of transition-metal-catalyzed ring-opening functionalization of aziridines, our contributions to the palladium-catalyzed regioselective and stereoinvertive cross-couplings of aziridines with organoboron reagents to form C(sp3)-C, C(sp3)-B, and C(sp3)-Si bonds have been compiled. The developed methods allow the syntheses of medicinally important amine compounds, e.g., enantioenriched β-phenethylamines, β-amino acids, and their boron and silyl surrogates, from readily available enantiopure aziridine substrates. Notably, the regioselectivity of the ring opening can be switched by appropriate selection of the catalyst (i.e., Pd/NHC vs Pd/PR3 systems). Computational studies rationalized the detailed mechanisms of the full catalytic cycle and the regioselectivity and stereospecificity of the reactions. The computational results suggested that the interactions operating between the Pd catalyst and aziridine substrate play important roles in determining the regioselection of the aziridine ring-opening event (i.e., oxidative addition). Also, the computational results rationalized the role of water molecules in promoting the transmetalation step through the formation of a Pd-hydroxide active intermediate. This Account evidences the benefits of synergistic collaborations between experimental and computational methods in developing novel transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - W. M. C. Sameera
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, North 19 West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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118
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Poremba KE, Dibrell SE, Reisman SE. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2020; 10:8237-8246. [PMID: 32905517 PMCID: PMC7470226 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reactions have emerged as powerful methods to join two electrophiles. These reactions have proven particularly useful for the coupling of sec-alkyl electrophiles to form stereogenic centers; however, the development of enantioselective variants remains challenging. In this Perspective, we summarize the progress that has been made toward Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Poremba
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sara E. Dibrell
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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119
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Guérinot A, Cossy J. Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings between Alkyl Halides and Grignard Reagents. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1351-1363. [PMID: 32649826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed cross-couplings have emerged as essential tools for the construction of C-C bonds. The identification of efficient catalytic systems as well as large substrate scope made these cross-couplings key reactions to access valuable molecules ranging from materials, agrochemicals to active pharmaceutical ingredients. They have been increasingly integrated in retrosynthetic plans, allowing shorter and original route development. Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings still largely rule the field, with the most popular reactions in industrial processes being the Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings. However, the extensive use of palladium complexes raises several problems such as limited resources, high cost, environmental impact, and frequent need for sophisticated ligands. As a consequence, the use of nonprecious and cheap metal catalysts has appeared as a new horizon in cross-coupling development. Over the last three decades, a growing interest has thus been devoted to Fe-, Co-, Cu-, or Ni-catalyzed cross-couplings. Their natural abundance makes them cost-effective, allowing the conception of more sustainable and less expensive chemical processes, especially for large-scale production of active molecules. In addition to these economical and environmental considerations, the 3d metal catalysts also exhibit complementary reactivity with palladium complexes, facilitating the use of alkyl halide partners due to the decrease of β-elimination side reactions. In particular, by using cobalt catalysts, numerous cross-couplings between alkyl halides and organometallics have been described. However, cobalt catalysis still stays far behind palladium catalysis in terms of popularity and applications, and the expansion of the substrate scope as well as the development of simple and robust catalytic systems remains an important challenge.In 2012, our group entered the cobalt catalysis field by developing a cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling between C-bromo glycosides and Grignard reagents. The generality of the coupling allowed the preparation of a range of valuable C-aryl and C-vinyl glycoside building blocks. We then focused on the functionalization of saturated N-heterocycles, and a variety of halo-azetidines, -pyrrolidines, and -piperidines were successfully reacted with aryl and alkenyl Grignard reagents under cobalt catalysis. With the objective of preparing valuable α-aryl amides, a cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling applied to α-bromo amides was studied and then extended to α-bromo lactams. Recently, we also reported an efficient and general cross-coupling involving cyclopropyl- and cyclobutyl-magnesium bromides. This method allows the alkylation of functionalized small strained rings by a range of primary and secondary alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Guérinot
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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120
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Zhao JH, Zhou ZZ, Zhang Y, Su X, Chen XM, Liang YM. Visible-light-mediated borylation of aryl and alkyl halides with a palladium complex. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4390-4394. [PMID: 32483581 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Palladium catalyzed visible-light-mediated borylation of inactivated aryl and alkyl halides is reported; the method provided high yields and excellent functional group compatibility. Furthermore, arylsilicates were synthesized selectively using dimethylphenylsilyl boronic ester via changing the reaction conditions. Finally, the possible reaction mechanism is determined through fluorescence quenching and turn on/off experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Zhao-Zhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China. and School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Xuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.
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121
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Cyclometalated Ruthenium Catalyst Enables Ortho-Selective C–H Alkylation with Secondary Alkyl Bromides. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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122
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Dindarloo Inaloo I, Majnooni S, Eslahi H, Esmaeilpour M. Air‐Stable Fe
3
O
4
@SiO
2
‐EDTA‐Ni(0) as an Efficient Recyclable Magnetic Nanocatalyst for Effective Suzuki‐Miyaura and Heck Cross‐Coupling via Aryl Sulfamates and Carbamates. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahar Majnooni
- Department of Chemistry University of Isfahan Isfahan 81746‐73441 Iran
| | - Hassan Eslahi
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
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123
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Matsuoka I, Kurahashi T, Matsubara S. Cu(II) Porphyrin-catalyzed Coupling of Alkyl Tosylates and Grignard Reagents. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iori Matsuoka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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124
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Thavaselvan S, Parthasarathy K. Nickel-Catalyzed Cyclization Strategy for the Synthesis of Pyrroloquinolines, Indoloquinolines, and Indoloisoquinolines. Org Lett 2020; 22:3810-3814. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Thavaselvan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai-600 025, India
| | - Kanniyappan Parthasarathy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai-600 025, India
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125
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Feng L, Guo L, Yang C, Zhou J, Xia W. Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Narasaka–Heck Reaction at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2020; 22:3964-3968. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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126
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Chen L, Yang JC, Xu P, Zhang JJ, Duan XH, Guo L. Nickel-catalyzed Suzuki Coupling of Cycloalkyl Silyl Peroxides with Boronic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7515-7525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li−Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
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127
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Borths CJ, Walker SD. Accelerating Pharmaceutical Development via Metal‐Mediated Bond Formation. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn D. Walker
- Development OperationsJohnson Matthey Inc. 25 Patton Road Devens MA USA 01434
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128
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Lutter FH, Grokenberger L, Benz M, Knochel P. Cobalt-Catalyzed Csp3–Csp3 Cross-Coupling of Functionalized Alkylzinc Reagents with Alkyl Iodides. Org Lett 2020; 22:3028-3032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand H. Lutter
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lucie Grokenberger
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Benz
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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129
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Liu R, Li J, Sun J, Liu X, Qu S, Li P, Zhang B. Generation and Reactivity of Amidyl Radicals: Manganese‐Mediated Atom‐Transfer Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Run‐Zhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jinxia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xian‐Guan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
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130
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Derosa J, Apolinar O, Kang T, Tran VT, Engle KM. Recent developments in nickel-catalyzed intermolecular dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4287-4296. [PMID: 34122886 PMCID: PMC8152638 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed three-component alkene difunctionalization has rapidly emerged as a powerful tool for forging two C-C bonds in a single reaction. Building upon the powerful modes of bond construction in traditional two-component cross-coupling, various research groups have demonstrated the versatility of nickel in enabling catalytic 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization using a wide range of carbon-based electrophiles and nucleophiles and in a fully intermolecular fashion. Though this area has emerged only recently, the last few years have witnessed a proliferation of publications on this topic, underscoring the potential of this strategy to develop into a general platform that offers high regio- and stereoselectivity. This minireview highlights the recent progress in the area of intermolecular 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes via nickel catalysis and discusses lingering challenges within this reactivity paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Derosa
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Omar Apolinar
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Taeho Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Van T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla California 92037 USA
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131
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Kumar GS, Peshkov A, Brzozowska A, Nikolaienko P, Zhu C, Rueping M. Nickel‐Catalyzed Chain‐Walking Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Alkyl and Aryl Halides and Olefin Hydroarylation Enabled by Electrochemical Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6513-6519. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gadde Sathish Kumar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Anatoly Peshkov
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleksandra Brzozowska
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pavlo Nikolaienko
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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132
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Kumar GS, Peshkov A, Brzozowska A, Nikolaienko P, Zhu C, Rueping M. Nickel‐Catalyzed Chain‐Walking Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Alkyl and Aryl Halides and Olefin Hydroarylation Enabled by Electrochemical Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gadde Sathish Kumar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Anatoly Peshkov
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleksandra Brzozowska
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pavlo Nikolaienko
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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133
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Facile Fabrication of Glycosylpyridyl-Triazole@Nickel Nanoparticles as Recyclable Nanocatalyst for Acylation of Amines in Water. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, novel glycosylpyridyl-triazole@nickel nanoparticles (GPT-Ni) were successfully prepared via click chemistry and were fully characterized by various spectroscopy measurements. The as-prepared catalysts could be used as a recyclable catalyst for the catalytic acylation of amines by employing N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), N,N-dimethylpropionamide (DMP), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as acylation reagents in water, providing the corresponding amides in good yields. The practicability of this methodology is highlighted by the good recyclability of the catalyst. A unique mechanism was proposed for the catalytic process.
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134
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Khamrai J, Ghosh I, Savateev A, Antonietti M, König B. Photo-Ni-Dual-Catalytic C(sp2)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling Reactions with Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Organic Semiconductor Photocatalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Khamrai
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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135
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Liu RZ, Li J, Sun J, Liu XG, Qu S, Li P, Zhang B. Generation and Reactivity of Amidyl Radicals: Manganese-Mediated Atom-Transfer Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4428-4433. [PMID: 31912602 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol to generate amidyl radicals from amine functionalities through a manganese-mediated atom-transfer reaction has been developed. This approach employs an earth-abundant and inexpensive manganese complex, Mn2 (CO)10 , as the catalyst and visible light as the energy input. Using this strategy, site-selective chlorination of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds of aliphatic amines and intramolecular/intermolecular chloroaminations of unactivated alkenes were readily realized under mild reaction conditions, thus providing efficient access to a range of synthetically valuable alkyl chlorides, chlorinated pyrrolidines, and vicinal chloroamine derivatives. These practical reactions exhibit a broad substrate scope and tolerate a wide array of functional groups, and complex molecules including various marketed drug derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Zhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinxia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xian-Guan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
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136
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Reaction scope and mechanistic insights of nickel-catalyzed migratory Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:417. [PMID: 31964876 PMCID: PMC6972863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions have developed into powerful approaches for carbon–carbon bond formation. In this work, a Ni-catalyzed migratory Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling featuring high benzylic or allylic selectivity has been developed. With this method, unactivated alkyl electrophiles and aryl or vinyl boronic acids can be efficiently transferred to diarylalkane or allylbenzene derivatives under mild conditions. Importantly, unactivated alkyl chlorides can also be successfully used as the coupling partners. To demonstrate the applicability of this method, we showcase that this strategy can serve as a platform for the synthesis of terminal, partially deuterium-labeled molecules from readily accessible starting materials. Experimental studies suggest that migratory cross-coupling products are generated from Ni(0/II) catalytic cycle. Theoretical calculations indicate that the chain-walking occurs at a neutral nickel complex rather than a cationic one. In addition, the original-site cross-coupling products can be obtained by alternating the ligand, wherein the formation of the products has been rationalized by a radical chain process. Migratory cross-coupling reactions are powerful tools to form bonds at predictable positions. Here the authors report a nickel-catalyzed migratory Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl electrophiles with aryl and vinyl boron reagents and provide experimental and computational mechanistic evidence.
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137
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Mennie KM, Vara BA, Levi SM. Reductive sp 3-sp 2 Coupling Reactions Enable Late-Stage Modification of Pharmaceuticals. Org Lett 2020; 22:556-559. [PMID: 31909629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage derivatization of pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds relies on the availability of highly functional-group tolerant reactions. Reactions that increase the sp3 character of molecules enable the pursuit of more selective and well-tolerated pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report the use of sp3-sp2 cross-electrophile reductive couplings to modify a generic ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor with a broad range of primary and secondary alkyl halide coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Mennie
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co. Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Brandon A Vara
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co. Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Samuel M Levi
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co. Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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138
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Kobayashi Y. Alkyl Pyridinesulfonates and Allylic Pyridinecarboxylates, New Boosters for the Substitution at Secondary Carbons. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-19-919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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139
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Cheng LJ, Mankad NP. C–C and C–X coupling reactions of unactivated alkyl electrophiles using copper catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8036-8064. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00316f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper catalysts enable cross-coupling reactions of unactivated alkyl electrophiles to generate C–C and C–X bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Neal P. Mankad
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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140
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Huang HJ, Wang YT, Wu YK, Ryu I. Pd/light-induced alkyl–alkenyl coupling reaction between unactivated alkyl iodides and alkenylboronic acids. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl–alkenyl coupling reaction between unactivated alkyl iodides and 2-arylalkenylboronic acids utilizing a Pd/light combined system was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ju Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ku Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
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141
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Bertho S, Dondasse I, Retailleau P, Nicolas C, Gillaizeau I. β-C(sp2)–H alkylation of enamides using xanthate chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01209b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Access to the γ-amino-β,γ-unsaturated acyl scaffold was established by applying xanthate chemistry to enamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bertho
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry
- ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS
- Université d’Orléans
- 45100 Orléans
- France
| | - Ismaël Dondasse
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry
- ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS
- Université d’Orléans
- 45100 Orléans
- France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
| | - Cyril Nicolas
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry
- ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS
- Université d’Orléans
- 45100 Orléans
- France
| | - Isabelle Gillaizeau
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry
- ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS
- Université d’Orléans
- 45100 Orléans
- France
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142
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He SJ, Wang JW, Li Y, Xu ZY, Wang XX, Lu X, Fu Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Reductive Hydroalkylation of Olefins with α-Heteroatom Phosphorus or Sulfur Alkyl Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:214-221. [PMID: 31840520 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Substantial advances in enantioconvergent C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation reactions have been made in recent years through the use of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of racemic secondary alkyl electrophiles with organometallic reagents. Herein, we report a general process for the asymmetric construction of alkyl-alkyl bonds adjacent to heteroatoms, namely, a nickel-catalyzed enantioconvergent reductive hydroalkylation of olefins with α-heteroatom phosphorus or sulfur alkyl electrophiles. Including the use of readily available olefins, this reaction has considerable advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and good functional group compatibility, making it a desirable alternative to traditional electrophile-nucleophile cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jiang He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jia-Wang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Zhe-Yuan Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Xiao-Xu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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143
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Bazzi S, Schulz E, Mellah M. Electrogenerated Sm(II)-Catalyzed CO2 Activation for Carboxylation of Benzyl Halides. Org Lett 2019; 21:10033-10037. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakna Bazzi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Equipe Catalyse Moléculaire, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Schulz
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Equipe Catalyse Moléculaire, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Mellah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Equipe Catalyse Moléculaire, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
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144
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Qian D, Hu X. Ligand‐Controlled Regiodivergent Hydroalkylation of Pyrrolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18519-18523. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Qian
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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145
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Qian
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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146
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Srimontree W, Lakornwong W, Rueping M. Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Silanes from Silyl Ketones. Org Lett 2019; 21:9330-9333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Watchara Srimontree
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Waranya Lakornwong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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147
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Liang S, Angnes RA, Potnis CS, Hammond GB. Photoredox catalyzed C(sp3) C(sp) coupling of dihydropyridines and alkynylbenziodoxolones. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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148
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Friese FW, Studer A. New avenues for C-B bond formation via radical intermediates. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8503-8518. [PMID: 32015798 PMCID: PMC6977546 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective gives an overview on recent findings in the emerging area of C-radical borylation using diborons as radical trapping reagents. Aryl, vinyl and alkyl boronic esters can be accessed via such an approach under mild conditions. These processes are complementary to established transition metal catalysed cross coupling reactions. Radical borylations can be conducted in the absence of a transition metal but some processes require transition metals as catalysts. It will be shown that various readily available C-radical precursors can be used to run these borylations. For a better understanding of the chemistry, mechanistic discussions are also presented and an outlook on this topic will be provided at the end of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Friese
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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149
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Smith SM, Planas O, Gómez L, Rath NP, Ribas X, Mirica LM. Aerobic C-C and C-O bond formation reactions mediated by high-valent nickel species. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10366-10372. [PMID: 32110325 PMCID: PMC6984385 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03758f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel complexes have been widely employed as catalysts in C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation reactions. While Ni(0), Ni(i), and Ni(ii) intermediates are most relevant in these transformations, recently Ni(iii) and Ni(iv) species have also been proposed to play a role in catalysis. Reported herein is the synthesis, detailed characterization, and reactivity of a series of Ni(ii) and Ni(iii) metallacycle complexes stabilized by tetradentate pyridinophane ligands with various N-substituents. Interestingly, while the oxidation of the Ni(ii) complexes with various other oxidants led to exclusive C-C bond formation in very good yields, the use of O2 or H2O2 as oxidants led to formation of appreciable amounts of C-O bond formation products, especially for the Ni(ii) complex supported by an asymmetric pyridinophane ligand containing one tosyl N-substituent. Moreover, cryo-ESI-MS studies support the formation of several high-valent Ni species as key intermediates in this uncommon Ni-mediated oxygenase-type chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130-4899 , USA
| | - Oriol Planas
- Departament de Química , Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) , Universitat de Girona , Campus de Montilivi , Girona E-17003 , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Laura Gómez
- Serveis Tècnics de Recerca (STR) , Universitat de Girona , Parc Científic i Tecnològic , Girona E-17071 , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121-4400 , USA
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Departament de Química , Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) , Universitat de Girona , Campus de Montilivi , Girona E-17003 , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130-4899 , USA
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150
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Smith SM, Rath NP, Mirica LM. Axial Donor Effects on Oxidatively Induced Ethane Formation from Nickel–Dimethyl Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
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