101
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Luo K, Chen YZ, Yang WC, Zhu J, Wu L. Cross-Coupling Hydrogen Evolution by Visible Light Photocatalysis Toward C(sp2)–P Formation: Metal-Free C–H Functionalization of Thiazole Derivatives with Diarylphosphine Oxides. Org Lett 2016; 18:452-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yao-Zhong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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102
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Zhang H, Liu PF, Chen Q, Wu QY, Seville A, Gu YC, Clough J, Zhou SL, Yang GF. Synthesis and absolute configuration assignment of albucidin: a late-stage reductive deiodination by visible light photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3482-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00371k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis and absolute configuration assignment of albucidin might pave the way for synthetic and medicinal chemists for further research on this type of bioactive molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Qiong-You Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Anne Seville
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre
- Bracknell
- UK
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre
- Bracknell
- UK
| | - John Clough
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre
- Bracknell
- UK
| | - Shao-Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
- China
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103
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Nicholls TP, Leonori D, Bissember AC. Applications of visible light photoredox catalysis to the synthesis of natural products and related compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1248-1254. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00070c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of natural products and their derivatives continues to inspire organic chemists to identify and test new synthetic strategies and develop and explore novel methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Nicholls
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| | | | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
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104
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Pratsch G, Overman LE. Synthesis of 2,5-Diaryl-1,5-dienes from Allylic Bromides Using Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11388-97. [PMID: 26514061 PMCID: PMC4697828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photoreductive coupling of 2-arylallyl bromides in the presence of the photocatalyst Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2, a Hantzsch ester, and i-Pr2NEt gives 2,5-diaryl-1,5-dienes in high yield. This method avoids the use of stoichiometric metal reductants and is compatible with the presence of halogen, alkyl, electron-donating, and electron-withdrawing substituents on the aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pratsch
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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105
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Yang QQ, Marchini M, Xiao WJ, Ceroni P, Bandini M. Visible-Light-Induced Direct Photocatalytic Carboxylation of Indoles with CBr4/MeOH. Chemistry 2015; 21:18052-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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106
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Cismesia MA, Yoon TP. Characterizing Chain Processes in Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5426-5434. [PMID: 26668708 PMCID: PMC4676763 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition that Ru(bpy)32+ andsimilar visible light absorbing transition metal complexes can be photocatalysts for a variety of synthetically useful organic reactions has resulted in a recent resurgence of interest in photoredox catalysis. However, many of the critical mechanistic aspects of this class of reactions remain poorly understood. In particular, the degree to which visible light photoredox reactions involve radical chain processes has been a point of some disagreement that has not been subjected to systematic analysis. We have now performed quantum yield measurements to demonstrate that threerepresentative, mechanistically distinct photoredox processes involve product-forming chain reactions. Moreover, we show that the combination of quantum yield and luminescence quenching experiments provides a rapid method to estimate the length of these chains. Together, these measurements constitute a robust, operationally facile strategy for characterizing chain processes in a wide range of visible light photoredox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Cismesia
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Wisconsin–Madison
,
1101 University Avenue
, Madison
, Wisconsin
53706
, USA
.
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Wisconsin–Madison
,
1101 University Avenue
, Madison
, Wisconsin
53706
, USA
.
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107
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Manley DW, Walton JC. Preparative semiconductor photoredox catalysis: An emerging theme in organic synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1570-82. [PMID: 26664577 PMCID: PMC4660884 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous semiconductor photoredox catalysis (SCPC), particularly with TiO2, is evolving to provide radically new synthetic applications. In this review we describe how photoactivated SCPCs can either (i) interact with a precursor that donates an electron to the semiconductor thus generating a radical cation; or (ii) interact with an acceptor precursor that picks up an electron with production of a radical anion. The radical cations of appropriate donors convert to neutral radicals usually by loss of a proton. The most efficient donors for synthetic purposes contain adjacent functional groups such that the neutral radicals are resonance stabilized. Thus, ET from allylic alkenes and enol ethers generated allyl type radicals that reacted with 1,2-diazine or imine co-reactants to yield functionalized hydrazones or benzylanilines. SCPC with tertiary amines enabled electron-deficient alkenes to be alkylated and furoquinolinones to be accessed. Primary amines on their own led to self-reactions involving C-N coupling and, with terminal diamines, cyclic amines were produced. Carboxylic acids were particularly fruitful affording C-centered radicals that alkylated alkenes and took part in tandem addition cyclizations producing chromenopyrroles; decarboxylative homo-dimerizations were also observed. Acceptors initially yielding radical anions included nitroaromatics and aromatic iodides. The latter led to hydrodehalogenations and cyclizations with suitable precursors. Reductive SCPC also enabled electron-deficient alkenes and aromatic aldehydes to be hydrogenated without the need for hydrogen gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Manley
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - John C Walton
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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108
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-luteoalbusins A and B is described. Highly regio- and diastereoselective chemical transformations in our syntheses include a Friedel-Crafts C3-indole addition to a cyclotryptophan-derived diketopiperazine, a late-stage diketopiperazine dihydroxylation, and a C11-sulfidation sequence, in addition to congener-specific polysulfane synthesis and cyclization to the corresponding epipolythiodiketopiperazine. We also report the cytoxicity of both alkaloids, and closely related derivatives, against A549, HeLa, HCT116, and MCF7 human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joshua N. Payette
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jaime H. Cheah
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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109
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Xiao P, Zhang J, Campolo D, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Copper and iron complexes as visible-light-sensitive photoinitiators of polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Damien Campolo
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273F-13397 Marseille; France
| | - Frederic Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273F-13397 Marseille; France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273F-13397 Marseille; France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361; UHA 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
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110
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Mühmel S, Alpers D, Hoffmann F, Brasholz M. Iridium(III) Photocatalysis: A Visible-Light-Induced Dearomatizative Tandem [4+2] Cyclization to Furnish Benzindolizidines. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26211917 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic dearomatizative tandem [4+2] cyclization between N-(2-iodoethyl)indoles and a variety of alkenes leads to tri- and tetracyclic benzindolizidines with high diastereoselectivity and yield. The intermolecular annulation reaction is performed under visible-light irradiation and employs [Ir(ppy)3] or [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2] PF6 as photocatalysts, in combination with tertiary amines as electron and hydrogen atom donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mühmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Dirk Alpers
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Frank Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Malte Brasholz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany).
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111
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Hajra S, Maity S, Maity R. Efficient Synthesis of 3,3′-Mixed Bisindoles via Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reaction of Spiro-epoxyoxindoles and Indoles. Org Lett 2015; 17:3430-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Hajra
- Centre
of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Subrata Maity
- Centre
of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ramkrishna Maity
- Centre
of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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112
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Denizot N, Tomakinian T, Beaud R, Kouklovsky C, Vincent G. Synthesis of 3-arylated indolines from dearomatization of indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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113
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Shelar DP, Li TT, Chen Y, Fu WF. Platinum(II) Schiff Base Complexes as Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Induced Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions. Chempluschem 2015; 80:1541-1546. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Prakash Shelar
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Fu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650092 P. R. China
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114
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Lackner GL, Quasdorf KW, Pratsch G, Overman LE. Fragment Coupling and the Construction of Quaternary Carbons Using Tertiary Radicals Generated From tert-Alkyl N-Phthalimidoyl Oxalates By Visible-Light Photocatalysis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6012-24. [PMID: 26030387 PMCID: PMC4697963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of tertiary carbon radicals with alkene acceptors is an underdeveloped strategy for uniting complex carbon fragments and forming new quaternary carbons. The scope and limitations of a new approach for generating nucleophilic tertiary radicals from tertiary alcohols and utilizing these intermediates in fragment coupling reactions is described. In this method, the tertiary alcohol is first acylated to give the tert-alkyl N-phthalimidoyl oxalate, which in the presence of visible-light, catalytic Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2, and a reductant fragments to form the corresponding tertiary carbon radical. In addition to reductive coupling with alkenes, substitution reactions of tertiary radicals with allylic and vinylic halides is described. A mechanism for the generation of tertiary carbon radicals from tert-alkyl N-phthalimidoyl oxalates is proposed that is based on earlier pioneering investigations of Okada and Barton. Deuterium labeling and competition experiments reveal that the reductive radical coupling of tert-alkyl N-phthalimidoyl oxalates with electron-deficient alkenes is terminated by hydrogen-atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L. Lackner
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Kyle W. Quasdorf
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Gerald Pratsch
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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115
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116
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117
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Li J, Zhang J, Tan H, Wang DZ. Visible-Light-Promoted Vinylation of Tetrahydrofuran with Alkynes through Direct C-H Bond Functionalization. Org Lett 2015; 17:2522-5. [PMID: 25908495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mild and direct C-H bond functionalizations and vinylations of tetrahydrofuran with alkynes have been accomplished through visible light photocatalysis, yielding a range of vinyl tetrahydrofurans under the synergistic actions of organic dye-type photocatalyst eosin Y, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), and a 45 W household lightbulb. A significant kinetic isotope effect (KIE) was recorded, which helps shed light on the mechanistic course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haibo Tan
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - David Zhigang Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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118
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Luca OR, Gustafson JL, Maddox SM, Fenwick AQ, Smith DC. Catalysis by electrons and holes: formal potential scales and preparative organic electrochemistry. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present review surveys current chemical understanding of catalysis by addition and removal of an electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana R. Luca
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | | | - Sean M. Maddox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Aidan Q. Fenwick
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | | |
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119
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Shen X, Zhou Y, Xi Y, Zhao J, Zhang H. Copper catalyzed sequential arylation−oxidative dimerization of o-haloanilides: synthesis of dimeric HPI alkaloids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14873-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A copper catalyzed sequential arylation−oxidative dimerization reaction was developed as the key step for the synthesis of hexahydropyrroloindole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, 650091
| | - Yongyun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, 650091
| | - Yongkai Xi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, 650091
| | - Jingfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, 650091
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming, 650091
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120
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Plutschack MB, Correia CA, Seeberger PH, Gilmore K. Organic Photoredox Chemistry in Flow. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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121
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Dong W, Liu Y, Hu B, Ren K, Li Y, Xie X, Jiang Y, Zhang Z. Visible light induced radical cyclization of o-iodophenylacrylamides: a concise synthesis of indolin-2-one. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4587-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00072f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical cyclization of o-iodophenylacrylamides afforded indolin-2-ones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuheng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Bei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Kai Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Yuexiu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- China
| | - Zhaoguo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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122
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da Silva GP, Ali A, da Silva RC, Jiang H, Paixão MW. Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and visible-light irradiation: a new metal- and additive-free photochemical process for the synthesis of indoles and oxindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15110-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A combined tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and visible-light-promoted intramolecular reductive cyclization protocol for the synthesis of indoles and oxindoles has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akbar Ali
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | | | - Hao Jiang
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Márcio W. Paixão
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos
- Brazil
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123
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Lin F, Chen Y, Wang B, Qin W, Liu L. Silver-catalyzed TEMPO oxidative homocoupling of indoles for the synthesis of 3,3′-biindolin-2-ones. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed TEMPO oxidative homo dimerization of indoles was first successful demonstrated. This new methodology is both atom and step efficient, allowing the synthesis of substituted C3–C3′ bisindolin-2-ones in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- PR China
| | - Baoshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- PR China
| | - Wenbing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- PR China
| | - Liangxian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- PR China
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124
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Yang D, Wang L, Han F, Li D, Zhao D, Cao Y, Ma Y, Kong W, Sun Q, Wang R. Highly Enantioselective Ring-Opening Reactions of Aziridines with Indole and Its Application in the Building of C3-Halogenated Pyrroloindolines. Chemistry 2014; 20:16478-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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125
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Zhang J, Chen J, Zhang X, Lei X. Total Syntheses of Menisporphine and Daurioxoisoporphine C Enabled by Photoredox-Catalyzed Direct C–H Arylation of Isoquinoline with Aryldiazonium Salt. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10682-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Center for Life
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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126
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Yeung C, Ziegler RE, Porco JA, Jacobsen EN. Thiourea-catalyzed enantioselective addition of indoles to pyrones: alkaloid cores with quaternary carbons. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13614-7. [PMID: 25213353 PMCID: PMC4235369 DOI: 10.1021/ja508523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a catalytic method for the enantioselective addition of indoles to pyrone-derived electrophiles. Arylpyrrolidino-derived thioureas catalyze the addition with high stereoselectivity in the presence of catalytic quantities of an achiral Brønsted acid. The indole-pyrone adducts feature a quaternary stereocenter and represent an unusual class of indolines bearing structural resemblance to the hybrid natural product pleiocarpamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles
S. Yeung
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Robert E. Ziegler
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development
(CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development
(CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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127
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Zhou S, Zhang D, Sun Y, Li R, Zhang W, Li A. Intermolecular Conjugate Addition of Pyrroloindoline and Furoindoline Radicals to α,β-Unsaturated EnonesviaPhotoredox Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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128
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Beatty JW, Stephenson CRJ. Synthesis of (-)-pseudotabersonine, (-)-pseudovincadifformine, and (+)-coronaridine enabled by photoredox catalysis in flow. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10270-3. [PMID: 25003992 PMCID: PMC4233208 DOI: 10.1021/ja506170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural product modification with photoredox catalysis allows for mild, chemoselective access to a wide array of related structures in complex areas of chemical space, providing the possibility for novel structural motifs as well as useful quantities of less abundant congeners. While amine additives have been used extensively as stoichiometric electron donors for photocatalysis, the controlled modification of amine substrates through single-electron oxidation is ideal for the synthesis and modification of alkaloids. Here, we report the conversion of the amine (+)-catharanthine into the natural products (-)-pseudotabersonine, (-)-pseudovincadifformine, and (+)-coronaridine utilizing visible light photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel W. Beatty
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
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129
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Tayu M, Higuchi K, Ishizaki T, Kawasaki T. Thionium-based one-pot construction of homo-/heterodimeric pyrroloindoline from tryptamine. Org Lett 2014; 16:3613-5. [PMID: 24988177 DOI: 10.1021/ol5012373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a one-pot procedure for forming a dimeric pyrroloindoline framework with a thionium reagent. The cyclization of tryptamine with DMSO and Tf(2)O, followed by substitution with indole derivatives, produced racemic 3a-indolylpyrroloindolines. The method enables rapid access to heterodimeric pyrroloindolines as well as to homodimeric pyrroloindolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tayu
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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130
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Stephens DE, Larionov OV. Straightforward Access to Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3- b]indole Core by a Regioselective C3-Azo Coupling Reaction of Arenediazonium Compounds with Tryptamines. European J Org Chem 2014; 2014:3662-3670. [PMID: 25408620 PMCID: PMC4233011 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A base-mediated regioselective electrophilic addition of arenediazonium salts at the C3-position of tryptamines followed by cyclization provides an efficient entry to C3-nitrogenated hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles (HPIs) that can subsequently be transformed into 3-arylhexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles and other HPI derivatives. The reaction is the first example of a 1,2-diamination that utilizes easily accessible arenediazonium salts as nitrogenous electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States, Fax: +1 (210) 458-7428
| | - Oleg V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States, Fax: +1 (210) 458-7428
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131
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Beaud R, Guillot R, Kouklovsky C, Vincent G. Regioselective hydroarylation reactions of C3 electrophilic N-acetylindoles activated by FeCl3: an entry to 3-(hetero)arylindolines. Chemistry 2014; 20:7492-500. [PMID: 24828464 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A method for the direct and rare umpolung of the 3 position of indoles is reported. The activation of N-acetylindole with iron(III) chloride allows the C-H addition of aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates to the C2=C3 double bond of the indole nucleus to generate a quaternary center at C3 and leads regioselectively to 3-arylindolines. Optimization, scope (50 examples), practicability (gram scale, air atmosphere, room temperature), and mechanistic insights of this process are presented. Synthetic transformations of the indoline products into drug-like compounds are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Beaud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Equipe Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques, Univ Paris Sud and CNRS, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, Bat 410, 91406, Orsay (France), Fax: (+33) 1-69-15-46-79
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132
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Hou H, Zhu S, Pan F, Rueping M. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Synthesis of Nitrones: Unexpected Rate Acceleration by Water in the Synthesis of Isoxazolidines. Org Lett 2014; 16:2872-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500893g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hou
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fangfang Pan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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133
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Abstract
Chemists have long aspired to synthesize molecules the way that plants do-using sunlight to facilitate the construction of complex molecular architectures. Nevertheless, the use of visible light in photochemical synthesis is fundamentally challenging because organic molecules tend not to interact with the wavelengths of visible light that are most strongly emitted in the solar spectrum. Recent research has begun to leverage the ability of visible light-absorbing transition metal complexes to catalyze a broad range of synthetically valuable reactions. In this review, we highlight how an understanding of the mechanisms of photocatalytic activation available to these transition metal complexes, and of the general reactivity patterns of the intermediates accessible via visible light photocatalysis, has accelerated the development of this diverse suite of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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134
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An Imidazoline-Aminophenol (IAP) Nickel Catalyst: Structure and Catalytic Activity in the Enantioselective 1,4-Addition of 3′-Indolyl-3-Oxindoles to Nitroethylene. Chemistry 2014; 20:2470-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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135
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Xue D, Jia ZH, Zhao CJ, Zhang YY, Wang C, Xiao J. Direct arylation of N-heteroarenes with aryldiazonium salts by photoredox catalysis in water. Chemistry 2014; 20:2960-5. [PMID: 24500947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly effective visible light-promoted "radical-type" coupling of N-heteroarenes with aryldiazonium salts in water has been developed. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with [Ru(bpy)3 ]Cl2 ⋅6 H2 O as a photosensitizer and a commercial household light bulb as a light source. Pyridine and a variety of substituted pyridines are effective substrates under these reaction conditions, and only monosubstituted products are formed with different regioselectivities. Using aqueous formic acid as solvent, an array of xanthenes, thiazole, pyrazine, and pyridazine are compatible with this new arylation approach. The broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and use of water as reaction solvent make this procedure a practical and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of compounds containing aryl-heteroaryl motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062 (China).
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136
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Lathrop SP, Movassaghi M. Application of diazene-directed fragment assembly to the total synthesis and stereochemical assignment of (+)-desmethyl- meso-chimonanthine and related heterodimeric alkaloids. Chem Sci 2014; 5:10.1039/C3SC52451E. [PMID: 24409339 PMCID: PMC3881597 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the first application of our methodology for heterodimerization via diazene fragmentation towards the total synthesis of (-)-calycanthidine, meso-chimonanthine, and (+)-desmethyl-meso-chimonanthine. Our syntheses of these alkaloids feature an improved route to C3a-aminocyclotryptamines, an enhanced method for sulfamide synthesis and oxidation, in addition to a late-stage diversification leading to the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-desmethyl-meso-chimonanthine and its unambiguous stereochemical assignment. This versatile strategy for directed assembly of heterodimeric cyclotryptamine alkaloids has broad implications for the controlled synthesis of higher order derivatives with related substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Lathrop
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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137
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Fu W, Zhu M, Xu F, Fu Y, Xu C, Zou D. An approach to 6-trifluoromethyl-phenanthridines through visible-light-mediated intramolecular radical cyclization of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02384f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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138
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Jiang M, Li Y, Yang H, Zong R, Jin Y, Fu H. Metal-free UV-Vis-light-induced aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids in the absence of a photosensitizer. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46516k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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139
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Nakajima M, Lefebvre Q, Rueping M. Visible light photoredox-catalysed intermolecular radical addition of α-halo amides to olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3619-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00753k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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140
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Kee CW, Chan KM, Wong MW, Tan CH. Selective Bromination of sp3CH Bonds by Organophotoredox Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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141
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Highly Enantioselective Bromocyclization of Tryptamines and Its Application in the Synthesis of (−)-Chimonanthine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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142
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Xie W, Jiang G, Liu H, Hu J, Pan X, Zhang H, Wan X, Lai Y, Ma D. Highly Enantioselective Bromocyclization of Tryptamines and Its Application in the Synthesis of (−)-Chimonanthine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12924-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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143
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Lackner GL, Quasdorf KW, Overman LE. Direct construction of quaternary carbons from tertiary alcohols via photoredox-catalyzed fragmentation of tert-alkyl N-phthalimidoyl oxalates. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15342-5. [PMID: 24074152 DOI: 10.1021/ja408971t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient method for the direct construction of quaternary carbons from tertiary alcohols by visible-light photoredox coupling of tert-alkyl N-phthalimidoyl oxalate intermediates with electron-deficient alkenes is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Lackner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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144
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Abstract
Evolution of the synthetic strategy that culminated in the first total syntheses of the structurally unique plectosphaeroic acids B (2) and C (3) is described. The successful enantioselective route to (+)-2 and (+)-3 proceeds in 6 and 11 steps from the known hexahydro-2H-pyrazinopyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-1,4-dione 39, which in turn is available in enantiomerically pure form by chemical synthesis. The central challenge in this synthesis endeavor was uniting the hexahydro-2H-pyrazinopyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-1,4-dione and cinnabarinic acid fragments of these marine alkaloids. Critical for achieving this successful C-N bond formation was the use of an iodocinnabarinic acid diester in which the amino group was masked with two Boc substituents, a Cu(I) carboxylate complex and the weak base KOAc. The highly congested C-N bond generated in this coupling, in conjunction with the delicate nature of the densely functionalized coupling partners, provided a striking testament to the power of modern copper-mediated amination methods. Two approaches, one stereoselective, for introducing the methylthio substituents of (+)-plectosphaeroic acid B were developed. The epitrisulfide ring of (+)-plectosphaeroic acid C was formed by ring expansion of an epidisulfide precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Y. Jabri
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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145
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Huang JZ, Wu X, Gong LZ. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Addition of Nitroalkanes to Oxindolylideneindolenines for the Construction of Chiral 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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146
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Visible-light photo-catalytic C–C bond cleavages: preparations of N,N-dialkylformamides from 1,2-vicinal diamines. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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147
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Coste A, Kim J, Adams TC, Movassaghi M. Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-Bionectins A and C. Chem Sci 2013; 4:3191-3197. [PMID: 23878720 PMCID: PMC3713796 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The concise and efficient total synthesis of (+)-bionectins A and C is described. Our approach to these natural products features a new and scalable method for erythro-β-hydroxytryptophan amino acid synthesis, an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of a silyl-tethered indole, and a new mercaptan reagent for epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) synthesis that can be unravelled under very mild conditions. In evaluating the impact of C12-hydroxylation, we have identified a unique need for an intramolecular variant of our Friedel-Crafts indolylation chemistry. Several key discoveries including the first example of permanganate-mediated stereoinvertive hydroxylation of the α-stereocenters of diketopiperazines as well as the first example of a direct triketopiperazine synthesis from a parent cyclo-dipeptide are discussed. Finally, the synthesis of (+)-bionectin A and its unambiguous structural assignment through X-ray analysis provides motivation for the reevaluation of its original characterization data and assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Coste
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
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148
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Sun Y, Li R, Zhang W, Li A. Total Synthesis of Indotertine A and Drimentines A, F, and G. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Ruofan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
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149
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Sun Y, Li R, Zhang W, Li A. Total synthesis of indotertine A and drimentines A, F, and G. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9201-4. [PMID: 23857819 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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150
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Prier CK, Rankic DA, MacMillan DWC. Visible light photoredox catalysis with transition metal complexes: applications in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5322-63. [PMID: 23509883 PMCID: PMC4028850 DOI: 10.1021/cr300503r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6158] [Impact Index Per Article: 559.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Prier
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Danica A. Rankic
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W. C. MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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