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Li HJ, Wang HX, Sun CY, Du JZ, Wang J. Shell-detachable nanoparticles based on a light-responsive amphiphile for enhanced siRNA delivery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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102
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Yin L, Zhao X, Ji S, He C, Wang G, Tang C, Gu S, Yin C. The use of gene activated matrix to mediate effective SMAD2 gene silencing against hypertrophic scar. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2488-98. [PMID: 24388384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) originates from the over-expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and downstream SMAD2. With attempts to rectify HS by RNA interference (RNAi) against SMAD2, we report the design of plasmid DNA encoding SMAD2 siRNA (pSUPER-SMAD2), and identify the optimal siRNA sequence toward maximal RNAi efficiency. To realize effective and sustained RNAi, we developed gene activated matrix (GAM) based on porous atelocollagen scaffold and embedded trimethyl chitosan-cysteine (TMCC)/pSUPER-SMAD2 polyplexes for promoting cell growth and gene transfection. The GAM exhibited porosity higher than 80%, pore size of 200-250 μm, desired mechanical strength, and sustained pSUPER-SMAD2 release profiles. Normal skin fibroblasts (NSFs) and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) were allowed to infiltrate and proliferate in GAM; at the meantime they were transfected with TMCC/pSUPER-SMAD2 polyplexes to display remarkably reduced SMAD2 levels that lasted for up to 10 days, consequently inhibiting the over-production of type I and type III collagen. We further unraveled the notably higher transfection levels of GAM in three-dimensional (3D) than in 2D environment, which was attributed to the improved cell-matrix interactions that promote cell proliferation and polyplex internalization. This highly safe and effective GAM may serve as a promising candidate towards HS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shizhao Ji
- Center of Burns and Traumatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunbai He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center of Burns and Traumatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Cui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shaohua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chunhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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103
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Burke PA, Pun SH, Reineke TM. Advancing polymeric delivery systems amidst a nucleic acid therapy renaissance. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:928-934. [PMID: 24683504 PMCID: PMC3967836 DOI: 10.1021/mz400418j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics are attracting renewed interest due to recent clinical advances and product approvals. Most leading programs use chemical conjugates, or viral vectors in the case of gene therapy, while several use no delivery system at all. Polymer systems, which have been at the periphery of this renaissance, often involve greater molecular complexity than competing approaches, which must be justified by their advantages. Advanced analytical methods, along with biological tools for characterizing biotransformation and intracellular trafficking, are increasingly being applied to nucleic acid delivery systems including those based on polymers. These frontiers of investigation create the opportunity for an era where highly defined polymer compositions are optimized based on mechanistic insights in a way that has not been previously possible, offering the prospect of greater differentiation from alternatives. This will require integrated collaboration between polymer scientists and those from other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Burke
- Burke Bioventures LLC, PO Box 15703, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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104
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Schellinger JG, Pahang JA, Shi J, Pun SH. Block copolymers containing a hydrophobic domain of membrane-lytic peptides form micellar structures and are effective gene delivery agents. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:725-730. [PMID: 24044103 DOI: 10.1021/mz400331w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal release peptides have been incorporated in synthetic gene delivery formulations to increase transfection efficiencies. In this work, cationic copolymers containing sHGP, a membrane-lytic peptide derived from HIV gp41, were synthesized and evaluated. Diblock, with sHGP displayed on one block, and statistical, with sHGP randomly displayed, copolymers were prepared via RAFT polymerization. While the statistical copolymer existed as unimers in solution, amphiphilic diblock copolymers self-assembled into cationic micelles in aqueous solution as evidenced by TEM and dynamic light scattering analyses. This self-assembly sequestered the lytic domain and significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of the materials. However, when complexed with plasmid DNA, both the diblock and statistical copolymers of sHGP showed higher gene delivery efficacy compared to the copolymers without the membrane lytic motif. The ability of amphiphilic, diblock copolymers containing endosomal release motifs to self-assemble and sequester lytic domains is a promising feature for the nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan G. Schellinger
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Joshuel A. Pahang
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Julie Shi
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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105
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Shi J, Schellinger JG, Johnson RN, Choi JL, Chou B, Anghel EL, Pun SH. Influence of histidine incorporation on buffer capacity and gene transfection efficiency of HPMA-co-oligolysine brush polymers. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1961-70. [PMID: 23641942 DOI: 10.1021/bm400342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the major intracellular barriers to nonviral gene delivery is efficient endosomal escape. The incorporation of histidine residues into polymeric constructs has been found to increase endosomal escape via the proton sponge effect. Statistical and diblock copolymers of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), oligolysine, and oligohistidine were synthesized via reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and tested for in vitro transfection efficiency, buffering ability, and polyplex uptake mechanism via the use of chemical endocytic inhibitors. Interestingly, histidine-containing statistical and diblock polymers exhibited increased buffer capacity in different endosomal pH ranges. Statistical copolymers transfected better than block copolymers that contained similar amounts of histidine. In addition, only the polymer containing the highest incorporation of oligohistidine residues led to increases in transfection efficiency over the HPMA-oligolysine base polymer. Thus, for these polymer architectures, high histidine incorporation may be required for efficient endosomal escape. Furthermore, inhibitor studies indicate that nonacidified caveolae-mediated endocytosis may be the primary route of transfection for these copolymers, suggesting that alternative approaches for increasing endosomal escape may be beneficial for enhancing transfection efficiency with these HPMA-oligolysine copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Shi
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington , 3720 15th Avenue NE, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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